Welding Workshop Research Articles

Evaluation and Analysis of Risk Factors in FMEA Welding Workshops in Zabol City

Background: Welding process is classified as one of the most widespread and widely used activities in industrial environments. Welding is one of the risky professions and the workers working in this sector are exposed to many risks. Identifying and evaluating the existing risks and managing them plays an important role in maintaining the health of workers and making their work environment healthier. The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate the hazards caused by the use of devices in the welding process using the FMEA method in welding workshops in Zabol in 2021. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was performed on 77 welding workshops in Zabol. In this study, in the first step, the main risks in welding workshops were identified and based on FMEA logic, for each risk caused by the machines, three indicators of severity, probability and vulnerability were identified. Specified. Then the prioritization criterion was determined and based on the number obtained from the RPN index, the risks were prioritized. Results: The findings of this study showed that in terms of risk priority in welding workshops, the highest risk priority number (RPN) with 175 is related to welding pliers (and heating of the handle due to loss of handle insulation) and drill (breaking the drill due to use Improper drill and high pressure to the machine) and the lowest risk priority number (RPN) with a value of 12 related to the millstone handle (wasting of the screw connecting the handle to the body due to lack of timely service). The results also showed that the risk priority factor various factors affecting the severity of the hazard, including: breaking the saw blade, burning the welding lathe and hitting the pliers by hand in the welding machine also had high relative priorities. Conclusion: The results showed that based on the number of risks, a scheduled and regular schedule by labor inspectors and health centers and other related organizations to implement engineering control measures including control of chemical, physical, safety and ergonomic factors in the environment of welding workshops. Educate the employers of the workshops to get acquainted with the provisions of the labor law in welding and observe the mandatory laws, the need to use personal protective equipment, to be included in the list of strategic and practical programs.

Busway distribution system-sizing and planning aspects for automotive weld shop

Resistance spot welding with its characteristic “dirty electrical load” is adistinctive engineering problem. The wide range of its industrial applications has made the subject an exciting research domain. Owing to the in term it tence of a welding operation, random overlapping of welding pulses, its sensitivity to voltage variation and application-specific quality control requirements, the electrical distribution system for welding loads need to be tied strongly with the process-related requirements. One of the most important applications of resistance welding is an automotive body shop, also called weld shop. This is where various units of a car body are welded together to form a shell that begins to look like a car. This paper focuses on explaining the nature of welding load and process requirements of a weld shop, leading towards the design and development of a Microsoft Excel based tool for optimal sizing of high current busway distribution system for resistance spot welding machines.This tool can be effectively used as a desktop application for efficient design development and comprehension of various design criteria. Besides, numerical based calculations have been provided with sound reasoning, progressively developing the proposed design criteria.

¡Qué mamada! (What a Joke!): Humor, Hostility, and Hospitality along the Central American Migrant Trail

AbstractAlong the Central American migrant trail through Mexico, jokes and teasing offer a window into a transnational border regime defined by both migrant hospitality and xenophobic hostility. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in a welding workshop in Monterrey, a city in Northern Mexico where Central Americans are increasingly waylaid on journeys to the US‐Mexico border, this article examines playfully derisive and sexually charged jokes, enacted materially through everyday objects like pickup trucks, coke bottles, and welding torches, as rhetorical strategies that migrant guests rely on to negotiate the contradictions of welcome and trespass that anthropologists have largely discussed through the lens of humanitarianism. These dynamics illuminate how intersecting migrant communities reify and reconfigure ambiguities of solidarity and suspicion that surround transit migration as ethical‐moral border regimes increasingly push migrant communities toward informal hospitality spaces at the margins of the West.

Rancangan Perbaikan Postur Kerja Dan Temperatur Lingkungan Kerja Yang Ergonomi Untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Tiang Kotak Sampah

CV Tunas Karya Utama is a company engaged in the production of fiber litter boxes. The main product produced is fiber litter box. The problems that occur in production that are not met from the welding workshop, the number of requests per day is only fulfilled 30-40 barrel poles / day and a target of about 40-50 barrels. The results of the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire interviews and workloads carried out by welding workers found an unnatural/non-ergonomic work posture with 91 total risk complaints (Hight Risk) and a working pulse of 116.61 beats/minute (Medium Risk) with working in hot environments with a temperature of 33ºc-35ºc so that employees become tired quickly. The results of the improved work posture design using the REBA method approach and the working environment temperature with the addition of a tarpaulin roof beside the front porch of the house showed a significant decrease in Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSDs) complaints by 45 levels of risk (Low Risk), the working environment temperature being 25ºc-29ºc and a decrease in the category of workload to light 97.37 beats / minute (Low Risk). Product yields increased by 50 trash cans / day and demand / targets were met.

Occupational Accident Analysis in CV. Purnama Workshop Using HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) Method

CV. Purnama’s workshop is a welding workshop with appropriate technology. The workshop covers an area of 600 m2 , with a total of seven workers. The workshop manufactures a cracker-making machine, a cutting machine, a dough mixer, etc. A preliminary study on the manufacturing process of the workshop conducted in 2014 reported a work accident in which the workers’ feet were exposed to iron. Also, in 2019, workers fell into a boiler-machine pulley, which hit the head of one of the workers. Thus, this study aims to determine the risks and hazards involved in the work process at the Purnama workshop. This study used a qualitative research method and collected data through observation in each machine-building process and interviews with all workshop employees and workshop owners. The results of this study highlighted that the process of making a chopping machine had six hazards, while that of a dough mixer had five. The levels of hazards in the processes of making a chopping machine and a dough mixer were “high” at 58% and 56%, respectively. It is concluded that since a higher level of danger was found in each machine-building process in the workshop, risk control is necessary to avoid work accidents or occupational diseases. The workshop owners and workers are recommended to apply K3 in the workplace.
 Keywords: HAZOP, risk assessment, work accidents

Prototype Plate Bending Tool 1 mm Size in the Process of Making a Fence with an Anthropometric Approach in the Pasuruan Regency Welding Workshop

In the process of bending the plate making fence workers have difficulty because the process of bending the plate is still done in a conventional way as well as the absence of bending tools that correspond to the posture of the welding workshop bending in Pasuruan district area. The condition of the workers that occurred in welding workshop bending in Pasuruan district at the time of bending the plate is considered not ergonomic, because with the position of the dimensions of the body is not suitable. Among them the head bends, the back bends, the legs bend, the hands bend and the production results are less maximal. In the design of this bending tool uses an anthropometric approach in determining the design of ergonomic bending tools and providing worker comfort, samples used from 20 workers. Based on research conducted in welding workshop in Pasuruan Regency area, researchers proposed the idea of an ergonomic bending tool designed based on an anthropometric approach. With this bending tool, it is expected to be a solution to get comfort and security while working so as not to interfere with the work process. The presence of this product is expected to encourage innovation in the field of designing work systems and ergonomics.

Marketing Strategy for Welding Workshops in the New Normal Era after the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has a major impact on all aspects and sectors of public life, especially business actors. The impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic was also experienced by welding workshops, one of which was the Barakka Las workshop. This study aims to determine the implementation of marketing strategies in the welding workshop business "Barakka Las" in the New Normal Era after the Covid-19 Pandemic through the creation and design of social media and websites. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study research method. The data were obtained through collecting supporting theories and conducting in-depth interviews with the owner of the "Barakka Las" welding workshop. From the results obtained, in increasing brand loyalty and reaching wider consumers, Barakka Las implemented a digital marketing strategy through social media such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and Youtube and through websites with various interesting promotional content and additional information about the Covid-19 prevention protocol

Artificial Intelligence Model based on Grey Clustering for Integral Analysis of Industrial Hygiene Risk

The article proposes a model with an artificial intelligence approach that integrates risks through the Grey Clustering method applying the "Triangulation of center-point based on Whitening functions -CTWF", for this, the data established is standard data (minimum standards that the four workshops of a company in the industrial sector must meet) and sampled data (real data obtained in the field) to test the grey classes. In this study, the different types of risks (lighting, noise and hand-arm vibration) were globally evaluated and analyzed in the four workshops of a heavy machinery maintenance services company in the industrial sector (welding shop, hydraulic shop, machine shop 1 and machine shop 2), located in Lima, Peru. According to the results obtained from the level of hygienic quality in each workshop, the welding workshop is at a very poor-quality level, while the others are at a good and very good level; regarding the four workshops, it was determined that the noise level is not recommended as they do not meet the minimum required standards. Therefore, control measures were proposed in the four workshops where the level of irrigation is bad and very bad. This study will benefit companies in the industrial sector that need to analyze the level of hygienic quality in their work areas with a global approach in order to apply control measures with prevention, protection of health and physical integrity of workers.

State of Eye Protection for Metal Welders in the Workshops of Conakry

Introduction: Welders are an occupational group at high risk for eye injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the state of eye protection of metal welders in the workshops of Conakry. Material and Methods: The study was cross-sectional, descriptive, and included 180 welders from 45 welding workshops in the city of Conakry for a period of three months. It involved all welding professionals working in an informal unit selected by the study and who had agreed to participate in the study. Results: The average age of the participants was 33.9 ± 13.4 years, with extremes of 15 and 68 years. The study found that 99% of the welders owned glasses, 27% owned face shields, and 49% owned welding masks. Goggles were used regularly by 86% of the welders but were not suitable for welding (98%). All welders had reported having had an eye injury at least once. Foreign bodies were cited in 81%, arc strike in 65%; eye burns in 61%. However, approximately 81% of welders did not have first aid kits at their work sites. Conclusion: The use of protective equipment during welding remains very low in the workshops of Conakry, which is the cause of great ocular morbidity among welders.

HUBUNGAN FAKTOR PERSONAL DAN PENGAWASAN KERJA DENGAN TINDAKAN TIDAK AMAN PADA PEKERJA PENGELASAN DI BENGKEL LAS ABUN DESA SKIP KECAMATAN LUBUK PAKAM KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG

Work accidents are unwanted and unexpected events. Based on the Loss Caution Model theory, the direct causes of accidents are unsafe action and unsafe conditions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between personal factors and work supervision and unsafe action in welding workers at the Abun Las Workshop. This research type is quantitative with cross sectional research design. The population in this study were all welding workers, amounting to 34 people. The sampling technique was using the total sampling technique. The research instruments used in this study were questionnaires and observation sheets. The data obtained were processed by using the chi square statistical test with the degree of significance (α) = 0.05. The results of the analysis of the relationship between personal factors and work supervision with unsafe action on welding workers at the Las Abun Workshop are described as follows: personal factors (p value = 0.002) <α (0.05), this means that there is a significant relationship between personal factors (knowledge) and unsafe action on welding workers at the Las Abun Workshop, work supervision (p value = 0.038) <α (0.05), this means that there is a significant relationship between work supervision and unsafe action on welding workers at the Las Abun Workshop. Suggestions for the Abun Welding Workshop industry It is better if the Welding Workshop Industry has Occupational Safety and Health (K3) experts who can control and supervise all activities of welding workers at any time.

Application of Pollution Load Indices, Enrichment Factors, Contamination Factor and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution of Soils of Welding Workshops at Old Panteka Market, Kaduna-Nigeria

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The Influence of Brand Image, Service Quality, Price Perception and Trust on the Purchase Decision of Welding Workshop Welding Www.Kanopirumah.Com

Www.kanopirumah.com is a business that is engaged in the welding workshop business. To determine the effect of brand image on purchasing decisions, service quality on purchasing decisions, price perceptions of purchasing decisions, trust in purchasing decisions, and to know together with the influence of a brand image, service quality, price perceptions and trust in purchase decisions for welding shop services www.kanopirumah.com. This research is quantitative research. The population in this study are consumers who conduct transactions at the welding workshop www.Kanopirumah.Com. in this study as many as 100 consumers. Data collection methods in this research are observation, documentation study, and literature study. The method of data analysis is a simple linear regression test, product-moment correlation test, determination test, and hypothesis test (t-test). Data processing using Statistical Social Science Program (SPSS) version 22.00. The results showed that (1) Brand image influenced purchasing decisions with a t-test value of 2.329, sig. 0.022 <α = 0.05, thus proving the hypothesis that the brand image influences the purchase decision. (2) Quality of service influences purchasing decisions with a t-test value of 2.277, sig. 0.025 <α = 0.05, thus proving the hypothesis that service quality affects the purchasing decision. (3) Price perception influences purchasing decisions with a t-test value of 3.093, sig. 0.003 <α = 0.05, thus proving the hypothesis that price perception influences the purchase decision. (4) trust influences purchasing decisions with a t-test value of 3.215, sig. 0.002 <α = 0.05, thus proving the hypothesis that states' trust has an effect on purchasing decisions. (5) Brand image, service quality, price perception, and trust affect purchasing decisions.

Occupational exposure of lead and cadmium on adolescent and adult workers of battery recycling and welding workshops: Adverse impact on health

The occupational exposure of toxic metals is an important concern, because of its potential accumulation in living organisms, leading to long term toxic effects. The occupational and environmental contacts of toxic metals, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) have been evaluated by determination of them in biological samples (blood and scalp hair) of adolescent and adults, workers of battery recycling and welding workshops. The age matched adolescent and adult residing in nonindustrial areas were also selected, termed as referent/control subjects. The blood and scalp hair samples of workers and controls were analyzed for Cd and Pb using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry previously decomposed the matrices using acid mixture. The biochemical parameters of workers of both age groups were also evaluated. The average concentrations of Cd and Pb in blood and scalp hair samples of adolescent workers were three fold higher as compared with control subjects. The drinking water in containers of both workshops contained Pb and Cd in two to four and five to thirteen folds, respectively, higher than recommended permissible limits of WHO. The significant correlations between the blood lead levels and hemoglobin (%) in adolescent (r = −0.78). The positive correlation was observed among incidence of blood pressure with Pb and Cd concentrations in biological samples of workers (adults) (r = 0.65 to 0.83). These findings suggest that occupational exposure of toxic metals might be created adverse impacts on workers due to ill management of workshops.

Factors Related to the Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Welding Workshop Workers in Lhokseumawe City in 2019

Working in an awkward posture without using work aids for welding shop workers can pose a risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders. The study aims to determine the factors associated with the risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders in welding workshop workers in the city of Lhokseumawe. This type of research is a type of quantitative research, with a cross sectional approach. Performed on 40 populations which are all used as samples. Data collection was carried out through interviews using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) worksheet to determine the level of MSDs complaints and to find out whether age, education, years of work, number of hours worked, number of hours of rest (independent variables) affected the MSDs (dependent variable). The results showed that there was an influence of the age factor (p value = 0,000), years of service (p value = 0,000), the number of hours worked (p value = 0.009) and the number of hours of sleep (p value = 0.009) on the risk of MSDs, but the education factor did not show the effect which is significant (pvalue = 0.548). The conclusions of this study are: age, years of work, number of hours worked and number of hours of sleep are the causes of MSDs risk in welding workshop workers except the level of education which is mostly high school. It is recommended to welding workshop workers to use tools such as work desks to reduce the odd work posture, the allocation of working time in accordance with the applicable government regulations, namely 7 hours a day by business owners, as well as the continuity of activities of the UKK Team towards informal workers both in terms of knowledge transfer (counseling) and health services.

Occupational Health and Safety: Provision of Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) for Mechanical Welding and Carpentry Workers in Mbala District of Zambia

Small-scale enterprises and the informal sector such as mechanical, welding and carpentry workshops constitute the fastest growing economic sectors and represent the most realistic form of employment creation. These occupations are vulnerable and prone to concern themselves with survival rather than improving health and safety and as such health risks remain high in their workplaces. The objectives of this study was to assess the provision of PPEs to employees and level of enforcement of Occupational Health and Safety Act of 2010 with other regulations, guidelines and standard operational procedures in mechanical, welding and carpentry workshops in Mbala District of Northern province in the Republic of Zambia. A descriptive survey of 75 employees from small scale industries or workshops was conducted and data was collected using a questionnaire in line with key ILO thematic areas for workplaces. The results showed that the employees in these workshops were generally not complying with requirements for provision of PPEs with 28% of employees reported not being provided with PPEs. Emergency preparedness and prevention in the workplaces was also poor as none of the employees reported being trained or inducted in first aid management and 0% had first aid kit at their workshop as only 8% were inducted. It was also revealed that employees in Mechanical, Welding and Carpentry workshops in Mbala District of Zambia mostly are not complying with the provisions of the Occupational Health and Safety Act 2010 on general provisions including regulation 22 on provision and use of PPEs leading to dangerous and highly risky workplace environment. It was further revealed that all the employees from workshops interviewed have never been inspected or audited by Factory Inspectors from the Ministry of Labor and Social Services or from any other authorized bodies leading to lack of legal enforcement. The findings of this study can be used to update the health and safety conditions at different workplaces, achieving many socio-economic benefits for Zambia. Intervention plans like education, awareness, and regular medical checkups should be advocated which help in prevention and minimizing workplace exposures to occupational hazards. The identification and prevention of work-related health costs could result in substantial savings for the national health system, leading to the more sustainable social system. This study provides the baseline for elaborative studies in the future.

Safety education management in welding robotic laboratory

The purpose of this study is to develop the OSH education management system for the laboratory of the welding robot arm. This study employed Research & Development (R & D) with the ADDIE model. The research consisted of two industries that have used welding robotic arms and the vocational schools of technology, which have welding workshops. The feasibility of the research results was done through audit-trail triangulation from relevant experts, i.e educators, competency test assessors, operators and/or experts from the industry. The results were in the form of the OSH for educational management system and the redesign draft of vocational education laboratory model on welding techniques using robotic arms to accommodate OSH, 5S - Seiri (Sort), Seiton (Set in order), Seiso (Shine), Seiketsu (Standardize) and Shitsuke (Sustain) and the ergonomics of the room. The results of the needs analysis related to the welding robot arm of the industrial arm are used as the basic pattern to redesign, develop and to compile the implementation of the welding education laboratory model assisted by robotic arms and complete with the OSH education management system.

Diagnosis and Ergonomic Design of Oxy Gas Welding Workstation by RULA Method. Case Study: Welding Workshops

Introduction: Working under non-ergonomic situations can cause physical damage. It's compulsory for the students of almost every engineering discipline to do parts of their training activitiy in various workshops including welding workstations, the paucity of appropriate situations in such workshops may lead to physical injuries. Ergonomic design of workstations can be considered a way to keep human health. The purpose of this study is an investigation on the application of ergonomic solutions in the design of workstations and Working situation improvement in oxy gaseous welding workshops. Methods: In this study, workstations of the welding workshops in one of the public universities were selected as the case studies in 2015. The critical indicators of the current status of workstations were analyzed, using the CATIA V5 R21 software, the RULA method, and the proposed solutions. Results: The results of the RULA clearly indicate a serious need to workstations's reform and Improve their level of safety. The Risk levels for the left and right hands were 6 and 7, which were decrease to 3 and 4 after redesigning the workplace and reforming its situations. Conclusion: Studies and assessment indicate that during welding activities, postures of people cause serious injuries to various parts of the body, especially the spine. Therefore, workplace redesigning that is based on sit-stand workstation standards can be a suitable solution to correct the posture of people in welding workshops. Workstation redesigned involve some features such a increasing the dexterity and delicacy during welding and the proper use of Inclusive design factors to adjust the height of table, chair and the angle of table surface.

The relationship between complience use PPE eyes with metal welding chips in eyes welders in the welding workshop in boja

Accident that occured in the workplace there are several interrelated causes can be a death cause, disable and work-related disease (WRD). Welders in welding workshop have some several eye injuries incident. One of them was metal welding chips. The use of PPE eyes is very importance for welders. Infact still many welders who neglect in this health. This study aim to determined the relationship between compliance use PPE eyes with metal welding chips on the eyes welders in the welding workshop in Boja village. This research used survey analytic research with cross sectional approach. The population in this study was all welders in welding workshop in Boja village. The sampling technique with total sampling that accorded to the inclusion criteria. The sample was 34 respondents. The instrument that was used were questionnaires and checklist sheets. The results indicated that the welders that compliance using PPE eyes as much as 44,1%. The welders rarely exposed by metal welding chips as much as 47,1%. The data analayzed with Chi-Square test there was significant relationship between compliance PPE eyes with metal welding chips on the eyes welders in the welding workshop in Boja village. {p value = 0,001; PR= 3,947 (1,4-11,2)} Based on result of the study, the welding workshop holders are being recommended to provide PPE eyes and supervise the use of PPE eyes for the welders

The effect of indoor environmental quality on occupants’ perception in a laboratory environment

Indoor environment conditions of a building are one of the concerned issues as most people usually spend their time inside the buildings. Poor indoor environmental conditions can influence human health in terms of physiological, perceptual and emotional as well. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) towards occupants’ perception in engineering laboratories/workshops at Mechanical Engineering Laboratories Complex. Thermal comfort and indoor air quality analysis were conducted to evaluate the indoor environment quality of the laboratory/workshop. The analysis consists of physical measurement and subjective measurement. Physical measurements were conducted with occupancy and no occupancy condition while subjective measurement was carried out through the questionnaire. Results show that air-conditioned machine workshop has temperature of 20.8°C which is not within the ASHRAE Standard-55 but still acceptable for occupants. Meanwhile, the thermal condition of non-air-conditioned welding workshop has not complied with the standard in terms of air temperature. In addition, result from occupant’s air odour perception indicates that air odour problem occurred in both case study areas. Based on the findings, indoor environment quality improvement measures are proposed to enhance the indoor environment quality (IEQ) level of the laboratory.

An investigation of occupational exposure to welding fume, manganese, and manganese compounds in a large container manufacturing enterprise

Objective: To investigate the current status of the occupational hazards of welding fume, manganese, and manganese compounds in the welding environment of a large container manufacturing enterprise, as well as the status of occupational health examination of workers, and to provide a basis for improving the welding environment of this enterprise. Methods: In August 2016, July 2017, and August 2018, convenience sampling was used to perform an on-site occupational hygiene survey of the welding workshop for three consecutive years, and welding fume, manganese and, manganese compounds (counted as manganese dioxide) were measured for their workplace exposure concentrations and exposure levels in workers. A comprehensive analysis was performed for the results of occupational health examination. Results: Welding fume, manganese, and manganese compounds in the welding environment gradually increased from 2016 to 2018 (χ(2)(trend)=5.14 and 5.54, P<0.05). The maximum over-standard rate of concentration-short term exposure limit was 43.3% (13/30) for welding fume and 40.0% (12/30) for manganese and its compounds, and the maximum over-standard rate of time-weighted average concentration was 26.7% (8/30) for welding fume and 23.3% (7/30) for manganese and its compounds. Abnormalities were observed in the occupational health examination of welding workers in 2016-2018, among which respiratory system abnormalities (cough, expectoration, and wheezing), nervous system abnormalities (dizziness, fatigue, sleep disorders, amnesia, hyperhidrosis, and palpitations), and electrocardiogram abnormalities (bundle conduction block) had an incidence rate of above 10.0%, and the incidence rate of abnormalities on posterior-anterior X-ray high-kV chest radiograph was close to 8.9% (30/336) . Conclusion: There is severe exposure to welding fume, manganese, and manganese compounds among workers in this enterprise, which cause great hazards to the health of workers. It is necessary to strengthen occupational health management, take measures to improve the welding environment, and enhance occupational disease prevention.