Welding Workshop Research Articles

Analisis Perhitungan Harga Pokok Produksi Secara Tradisional Berdasarkan Pesanan Untuk Memperoleh Informasi Laba Rugi

This research aims to analyze traditional production cost calculations based on orders to obtain profit and loss information. As time goes by, many small companies still use traditional calculations of the cost of goods manufactured, but not according to orders, so these calculations are less accurate if used in the long term, which results in the profit and loss not being known for certain. Therefore, small businesses, especially the Kurnia Welding Workshop, should calculate the cost of production according to orders so that they obtain a profit or loss each year. The techniques used consist of observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that the HPP calculation according to the Kurnia Las Workshop, especially for BOP and Non-Production Costs, is based on the owner's estimate, so the resulting HPP is less relevant and accurate. Determining the selling price according to the Kurnia Welding Workshop without calculating the cost of production first, is only based on the owner's estimate, which results in losses when the Kurnia Welding Workshop calculates the cost of production to produce a profit and loss report at the end of the period. Meanwhile, calculating the cost of production based on orders produces a HPP value that is smaller than the calculation for the Kurnia Welding Workshop because the costs are calculated according to the orders received. Meanwhile, in determining the selling price, it is calculated by adding the desired profit after calculating the COGS, so that when preparing the profit and loss report at the end of the period, the Kurnia Welding Workshop makes a profit.

Hubungan Antara Stres Kerja dan Keluhan Nyeri Punggung Bawah Pekerja Las Industri Pembuatan Kapal

Low Back Pain (LBP) is a widespread health issue that profoundly impacts workers' productivity and quality of life. In addition to non-specific health effects, LBP can result in long-term disability and considerable economic losses. Globally, LBP affects 619 million individuals, with projections suggesting an increase to 843 million by 2050, particularly Low Middle Income Countries (LMICs) in Asia and Africa. The shipbuilding industry, known for its physically strenuous tasks and stringent deadlines, presents unique ergonomic challenges that can exacerbate job-related stress and precipitate the onset of LBP. This study examines Project X PT Y, a pivotal entity in Indonesia's shipbuilding sector. Utilizing a quantitative methodology and a cross-sectional research design, the study encompasses all 26 workers from the welding workshop at Project X PT Y. The analysis, conducted using the Spearman test, reveals a robust monotonic relationship between work-related stress and LBP complaints, indicating that the incidence of LBP increases concomitantly with elevated work stress.

Pengembangan Varian Produksi dan Pelatihan Keselamatan Kerja pada Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah Bengkel Las

Welding workshop MSMEs are businesses that make doors, light steel roofs, canopies and other materials made from aluminium and iron. Dewi Jaya Welding Workshop MSME is one of the MSMEs in the Tabanan Regency - Bali area, established in 1997. The obstacle faced by this MSME is limited production variants due to limited production equipment, which is still conventional and manual. Besides, several work safety procedures have yet to be carried out optimally. So, in the service activities, activities are proposed to provide production equipment and work safety training to improve, develop production variants, and create a safe environment for working at the Dewi Jaya Welding Workshop UMKM. The method of service activities carried out is mentoring and training. The activity results showed an increase of 2-5 product variants and succeeded in increasing 21% income. The results of the activity showed that there was an increase of 2-5 product variants and succeeded in increasing 18.28% revenue from March to Mei 2024. The new variants produced are a prayer place made of light iron and aluminum, and a kitchen set made of light iron. Income increases based on the number of orders for the new variant product types. This increase is expected to improve the welfare of the Dewi Jaya Welding Workshop MSMEs. The results of training activities show that workers and owners during production have used work safety standards. This was proven during the activity evaluation, workers used safety equipment such as gloves and welding glasses when welding.

Design of a welding table as a medium for determining elbow points and joints

Welding is a method of joining two or more metals with electrode extension media using current heating and voltage according to the variation in the thickness of the iron material used. Welding is one of the connection media with a patent system, meaning that the results of the process can be changed by damaging the results of the welding process. From looking at several welding workshops, almost all of them to do welding are under or on the ground so many workers complain that they tend to be more tired and the welding results are less than optimal, especially for symmetrical or straightness of the connection results. The method used in this research is to design a welding table that is adjusted to the level of needs, especially for the height of the table and the centric axis to combine so that the results of the connection process are completely straight and reduce the results of welding defects. The purpose of designing this welding table is to use it as a method for working on the welding process so that the welding results are really strong and straight according to the design drawing. From the results of the design process, a welding table is obtained with iron material as a table base to place the workpiece to be cut. using borders of iron with a thickness of approximately 120 x 240 x 40cm using Material: Iron plate about 5-6 mm thick. In addition, the results of the design process also reduce the welding process time for blunt joints from 85 seconds to 48 seconds, overlap joints from 85 seconds to 60 seconds, and T joints from 88 seconds to 81 seconds. The quality of the welding results is visually better, the results of welding defects are smaller and straighter or symmetrical

Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kepatuhan Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri pada Pekerja Bengkel Las di Kecamatan Kota Soe

Welding workshops operating in Soe City District on average employ around 4-6 people with a minimum education of elementary school-graduate level. The welding process using electric power exposes workers directly to the dangers in the workplace. It is necessary to have Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) worn by workers while working and while in the workplace environment. The aim of this research is to determine factors related to compliance with the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) among welding workshop workers in Soe City District. Sampling in this study used simple random sampling with a sample size of 94 people. Analysis of this relationship uses the chi square test as an alternative test. The research results show that there is a relationship between knowledge (p value=0.004), attitude (p value=0.001), availability of personal protective equipment (p value=0.008), and there is no relationship between education (p= value= 0.642), age (p value=0.294), and work accidents (p value=0.483) with compliance with the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) among welding workshop workers in Soe City District.

Identification of Occupational Safety and Health Hazards at Paint and Welding Workshop using the HIRARC Method

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is important for every company to pay attention to. Preventing work accidents can be done by knowing the existing risks, one of which is through the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) method. Body Repair, Paint, and Welding Workshop "Family 99" is a small to medium-sized entrepreneurship that operates in car repair, paint, and welding services. The research aims to analyze the potential dangers found in the Body Repair, Paint and Welding Workshop "Family 99". Hazard identification was conducted in the workshop work area, with research respondents totaling three active workers. The data collection employed observation and interviews with a descriptive approach. According to the research results obtained from a total of 14 work stages analyzed, two stages had the highest risk value, namely the paint peeling stage with a risk value of 12, and the first, second, and third sanding stages with a risk value of 9. Controls that can be carried out to reduce risks include administrative controls and the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for workers to work safely and comfortably.

Analisis Rantai Nilai dan Model Bisnis Ekonomi Kreatif pada Usaha Bengkel Las Pandawa Jaya

The aim of this research is to analyze the strategies used by the creative industry, especially Bengkel Las Pandawa Jaya, in attracting consumer interest. This research presents how Bengkel Las Pandawa Jaya Business creates value chains and business models in their business. The results obtained through this research show that the owner focuses on adding value through good service to consumers. The business always strives to accept criticism and suggestions from consumers and focuses on the classic welding workshop methods.

Potentially toxic elements concentration and distribution in soils around artisan workshops in Ago-Iwoye, Southwestern Nigeria

Background/IntroductionAnthropogenic activities, including those carried out by artisans, have been confirmed to be one of the various means by which potentially toxic elements (PTE) are introduced into the soil. This study aims to determine the PTE concentration and distribution in soils around artisans workshops in Ago-Iwoye, southwestern Nigeria. MethodsTwenty (20) soil samples comprising ten (10) samples from soil around auto-mechanic workshops, six (6) from soils around vulcanizer workshops and four (4) from soils around welder workshops were collected and analyzed for elemental concentration using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). ResultsElemental analysis revealed the following trend for selected metals in auto-mechanic, vulcanizing and welding workshops, respectively: Ba (60–100, 100–200 and 130–590 mg.kg−1); Co (10–47, 8–19 and 15–37 mg.kg−1); Cr (29–161, 22–95 and 57–272 mg.kg−1); Cu (28–123, 16–100 and 88–486 mg.kg−1); Ni (11–33, 7–29 and 34–112 mg.kg−1); Pb (17–75, 12–77 and 36–677 mg.kg−1); Sc (2–16, 1–7 and 2–8 mg.kg−1); Sr (13–55, 17–72 and 33–91 mg.kg−1); V (35–212, 20–117 and 40–103 mg.kg−1) and Zn (82–684, 70–548 and 314–3240 mg.kg−1). Geochemical assessment using contamination factor, and geo-accumulation index showed that the artisanal workshops exhibited significant contamination levels for metals such as Ba, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn and the contamination level varied across the artisan workshops with soils around welders workshops showing highest contamination. ConclusionContamination indices revealed the artisan workshops have varying contribution to the metal load in the area and Pollution Load Index (PLI) indicated a decline in soil quality across all artisanal workshops with welding workshops revealing the highest anthropogenic contribution of PTE to the soil.

Mentoring the Importance of Financial Literacy and Digital Literacy in the Welding Workshop Business

Mentoring the Importance of Financial Literacy and Digital Literacy in the Welding Workshop Business

A Self-Learning Discrete Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Energy-Efficient Distributed Heterogeneous L-R Fuzzy Welding Shop Scheduling Problem

A Self-Learning Discrete Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Energy-Efficient Distributed Heterogeneous L-R Fuzzy Welding Shop Scheduling Problem

Physical survey on the health hazards of welding activities on welding operators in Uyo, Nigeria

Background: Welding operators are subjected to several forms of hazards during welding activities. Aim: The study aimed to identify the common practices in welding operations, assess the potential health hazards associated with these practices, and propose recommendations for improving the well-being of welding operators. Methodology: The survey was conducted at different welding workshops in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A total of 100 welding operators were observed and interviewed to gather data on their working practices and the health effects they experienced. Results: The findings revealed that the most common welding practices included manual metal arc welding, gas metal arc welding, and gas tungsten arc welding. These practices involved exposure to various hazards such as fumes, gases, noise, and ultraviolet radiation. The survey also found that a significant number of welding operators reported experiencing health issues such as respiratory problems, skin irritation, eye injuries, and hearing loss. These health effects were attributed to the lack of proper ventilation, inadequate personal protective equipment, and poor ergonomic practices in the welding workshops. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlights the importance of addressing the health hazards associated with welding operations to ensure a safer and healthier work environment for improved work conditions and well-being of welding operators. In light of the findings, several recommendations including the implementation of proper ventilation systems, provision of adequate personal protective equipment, regular health screening for welding operators, and training programs on safe welding practices is proposed in order to improve the well-being of welding operators

Application and comparison of three occupational health risk assessment methods in an automobile manufacturing industry

Objective: Three occupational health risk assessment methods were used to assess the occupational health risk of noise exposed posts in an automobile manufacturing enterprise. According to the results, the selection of risk assessment methods and risk management of such occupational noise enterprises were provided. Methods: Form April to November 2021, The occupational health field survey was carried out in an automobile manufacturing industry in Tianjin. The occupational health MES risk assessment method, occupational health risk index risk assessment method and Australian occupational hazard risk assessment method were used to evaluate the occupational health risk of noise-exposed posts in this enterprise, and the evaluation results of different methods were analyzed and compared. Results: The average value of L(Aeq, 8 h) in the four workshops of automobile manufacturing industry was 82.95 dB (A) , and the noise detection exceeding rate was 22.41% (26/116) . The LAeq, 8h and exceeding rate noise of welding workshop were higher than those of other workshops (χ(2)=23.56, 32.94, P<0.01) . The three occupational health risk assessment methods have the same risk assessment results for the four major workshops. The assembly and painting workshops are level 4 risk (possible risk) , and the stamping and welding workshops are level 3 risk (significant risk) . Conclusion: Occupational noise has certain potential hazards to workers in automobile manufacturing enterprises. Therefore, in the future work, corresponding organizational management measures should be taken to improve the working environment and reduce the actual exposure level of workers in order to protect the health of occupational workers.

Intelligent learning-based cooperative and competitive multi-objective optimization for energy-aware distributed heterogeneous welding shop scheduling

This research is focused on addressing the energy-aware distributed heterogeneous welding shop scheduling (EADHWS) problem. Our primary objectives are to minimize the maximum finish time and total energy consumption. To accomplish this, we introduce a learning-based cooperative and competitive multi-objective optimization method, which we refer to as LCCMO. We begin by presenting a multi-rule cooperative initialization approach to create a population that combines strong convergence and diversity. This diverse population forms the foundation for our optimization process. Next, we develop a multi-level cooperative global search strategy that explores effective genes within solutions from different angles and sub-problems. This approach enhances our search for optimal solutions. Moreover, we design a competition and cooperation strategy for different populations to expedite convergence. This strategy encourages the exchange of information and ideas among diverse populations, thereby accelerating our progress. We also introduce a multi-operator cooperative local search technique, which investigates elite solutions from various directions, leading to improved convergence and diversity. In addition, we integrate Q-learning into our competitive swarm optimizer to explore different regions of the objective space, enhancing the diversity of the elite archive. Q-learning guides the selection of operators within the small-size population, contributing to more efficient optimization. To evaluate the effectiveness of LCCMO, we conduct numerical experiments on 20 instances. The experimental results unequivocally demonstrate that LCCMO outperforms six state-of-the-art algorithms. This underscores the potential of our learning and knowledge-driven evolutionary framework in enhancing performance and autonomy when it comes to solving EADHWS.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU PEMAKAIAN ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI PADA PEKERJA BENGKEL LAS

Welding workshops are informal sector businesses with a high potential for danger that require occupational safety and health (OSH) efforts, such as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Some welding accidents are caused by PPE factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the behavior of PPE use in welding workshop workers. This study used an analytical observational type with a cross-sectional design. The population of this study was 41 welding workshop workers who were all used as samples (total sampling). The variables measured were age, work experience, education, knowledge about PPE, attitude towards PPE, availability of PPE, and behavior of PPE use. Statistical analysis used Binary Logistic Regression using SPSS 27 software, at α = 5%. The results of the analysis showed that knowledge about PPE was significantly associated with the behavior of PPE use (OR = 2.12; p = 0.040), attitude towards PPE was significantly associated with the behavior of PPE use (OR = 2.37; p = 0.034), and availability of PPE was significantly associated with the behavior of PPE use (OR = 4.27; p = 0.038). It is concluded that the factors that influence the behavior of PPE use are knowledge about PPE, attitude towards PPE, and availability of PPE.

Assembly feature construction method of equipment mesh model for digital twin workshops

The digital twin workshop is the basic unit for realizing smart manufacturing. Its model is the prerequisite for applying digital twins in workshops. Geometric model assembly is the primary concern in workshop-level digital twin modeling. However, current research lacks sufficient focus on the efficiency and application modes of equipment mesh model assembly features in geometric model assembly, hindering the construction of the workshop-level digital twin model. The equipment-level digital twin model typically only contains assembly information between individual parts and is generally represented by polygonal meshes; the lack of assembly information between equipment models impedes the assembly of the workshop-level digital twin model. To improve the efficiency of workshop-level digital twin modeling and the reusability of the original 3D assembly information, this paper proposes an assembly feature construction method of equipment mesh model for digital twin workshops. A 3D assembly information model is constructed to describe the information related to the equipment geometric model and the assembly features. Then, the assembly features of the equipment mesh model are gradually positioned preliminarily and precisely, achieving precise mapping of the assembly features in the 3D information model to the equipment mesh model and efficient construction of equipment mesh model assembly features. Finally, with the construction and application of equipment mesh model assembly features in an arc welding workshop and storage workshop as an example, the feasibility of the method in improving the modeling efficiency is verified through relevant comparative experiments.

Human–Robot Collaborative Scheduling in Energy-Efficient Welding Shop

Human-robot collaborative scheduling has been widely applied in modern manufacturing industry. A rational scheduling of human-robot cooperation plays an important role in improving production efficiency. However, human-robot collaborative scheduling problem in welding production has not been studied so far. Thus, this paper addresses a human-robot collaborative welding shop scheduling problem (HCWSSP) with minimization objectives of makespan and total energy consumption (TEC). To solve this multi-objective HCWSSP, a Pareto-based memetic algorithm (PMA), which hybridizes a genetic operator and variable neighborhood search (VNS), is presented to obtain a set of trade-off solutions between makespan and TEC. In PMA, each solution is represented by two parts, i.e., job processing sequence and resource assignment. A novel integrated initialization strategy is proposed to generate one initial population with high quality and good diversity. Furthermore, five kinds of VNS are designed to improve exploitation capability of PMA. Experimental results on test problems manifest that the proposed PMA performs better than its competitors.

A Self-Learning Memetic Algorithm for Human–Robot Collaboration Scheduling in Energy-Efficient Distributed Mixed Fuzzy Welding Shop

A Self-Learning Memetic Algorithm for Human–Robot Collaboration Scheduling in Energy-Efficient Distributed Mixed Fuzzy Welding Shop

The effect of activated carbon granules and KOH solution on welding particulates and gases in air filtration

Hazard Identification Risk Assessment Risk Control (HIRARC) is the process of identifying hazards that can occur in routine or non-routine activities in a company or workplace, then carrying out a risk assessment of these hazards.And from the risk assessment, the hazards in the welding workshop that have a moderate risk and are interesting for researchers to innovate are from sources of danger caused by smoke resulting from welding activities, causing workers to experience respiratory problems and eye irritation. Researchers created a smoke filtration device generated from welding with a system where the welding smoke is channeled into the KOH solution to reduce the number of air particles and reduce the levels of toxic substances in the welding smoke, then to keep the KOH solution always clean, a circulation system was created through the carbon to removes dirt and keeps the solution water from being dirty and colorless.Once all the tools are ready, measurements can be made to measure several chemical elements in the welding smoke from the point before it enters the filter and after going through the filtration process. Among the elements measured are Carbon Dioxide (CO 2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Particulate PM 2.5 (2.5 Microns), and Particulate PM 10 (10 Microns). Based on research and data testing carried out using the Anova Test and Fisher Pairwise Comparisons, it can be concluded that to produce the best and cleanest air results, the composition is K4 C1 or KOH 10% with Cabon Active 2-3 Mesh. Because if activated carbon with a mesh size larger than 2-3 mesh will affect the quality of the KOH solution because the granules are too small and contaminate the KOH solution. And the higher the KOH solution level, the more effective it is at reducing the dangerous elements in welding fumes.

RANCANGAN STANDAR OPERASIONAL PROSEDUR (SOP) PEKERJAAN PENGELASAN SESUAI KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (K3) MENGGUNAKAN METODE JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS (JSA)

Idin Putra Jaya's Welding Workshop is a welding workshop engaged in the manufacture of iron fences. In operation there are still hazards found. Based on historical data from 2020 to 2022 there are 6 types of work accidents that often occur. Seeing the conditions of work accidents that occur, it is necessary to analyze the risk of work accidents and provide hazard control. The method used in this study is Job Safety Analysis (JSA) to find out the results of the risk analysis of work accidents in welding workers. To find out the design of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for safe welding work. Analysis of the risk of work accidents in welding workers is as follows: analysis of work stages, hazard risk analysis then given hazard control. There are 3 parts of work including cutting, welding and smoothing. In the cutting section there are 5 stages of work, 14 hazard risks and 18 hazard controls. In the welding section there are 8 stages of work, 17 hazard risks and 25 hazard controls. In the refining section, there are 3 stages of work, 5 hazard risks and 11 hazard control risks. Standard Operating Procedures for safe welding work are as follows: SOP for the cutting section consists of an analysis of the hazards of the cutting process, preparation of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), preparation of cutting tools, start of work and end of work. The SOP for the welding section consists of hazard analysis of the welding process, preparation of PPE, preparation of welding equipment, start of work and end of work. The SOP for the refining section consists of hazard analysis in the refining process, PPE preparation, preparation of refining tools, start of work and end of work.

HUBUNGAN KADAR KADMIUM DALAM DARAH DENGAN KADAR SGOT PADA PEKERJA BENGKEL LAS DI SURAKARTA

Welding workshop workers have the potential to be exposed to heavy metal Cd vapors. Cd metal vapor is a solid particle originating from the cathode wire in the welding industry. Cd that enters the human body will be absorbed and bound to metallothionein (Cd-MT) and accumulates in the liver. Chronic exposure to Cd causes accumulation of Cd in the liver. Compounds containing poisons that are quite high, some of them will attack proteins, causing liver cells to break and be damaged and release SGOT enzymes which eventually enter the blood and SGOT levels increase. Increased levels of SGOT indicate the possibility of damage to cells in the liver. The purpose of this study was to find out whether there is a potential for damage to liver cells due to Cd exposure as seen from the increased levels of SGOT in welding workshop workers in Laweyan, Surakarta. This type of research is observational analytic with a cross sectional approach using a purposive sampling technique. The results of statistical analysis using the non-parametric Spearman rank test from the correlation test, the significance value of 30 samples is 0.920, so p&gt;0.05, the Correlation coefficient value is -0.019 indicating that there is no relationship between Cd levels and SGOT levels in the blood of welding workshop workers in Laweyan Surakarta weakly correlated.