Weight Of Non-carcass Components Research Articles

Carcass traits and morphometry, typification of the Longissimus dorsi muscle and non-carcass components of hair lambs: can biscuit bran completely replace corn? A machine learning approach.

Biscuit bran (BB) is a co-product with worldwide distribution, with Brazil as the second largest cookie producer in the world with 1,157,051 tons. We evaluate the impact of completely replacing corn with BB on the characteristics and morphometry of carcass of purebred and crossbred Morada Nova lambs using machine learning techniques as an auxiliary method. Twenty male lambs from two genetic groups (GG) were used: purebred red-coated Morada Nova (MNR) and crossbred MNR × white-coated Morada Nova (MNF1). Supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques were used. No interaction (P > 0.05) was observed between diets (D) and genetic groups (GG) and no simple isolated effect was observed for carcass characteristics, qualitative-quantitative typification of the Longissimus dorsi muscle, weight of non-carcass components, weight and yield of commercial cuts and carcass morphometric measurements. The formation of two horizontal clusters was verified: (i) crossed lambs with corn and BB and (ii) purebred lambs fed corn and BB. Vertically, three clusters were formed based on carcass and meat characteristics of native lambs: (i) thermal insulation, body capacity, true yield, and commercial cuts; (ii) choice, performance, physical carcass traits, and palatability; and (iii) yield cuts and non-carcass components. The heatmap also allowed us to observe that pure MN lambs had a greater body capacity when fed BB, while those fed corn showed superiority in commercial cuts, true yields, and non-carcass components. Crossbred lambs, regardless of diet, showed a greater association of physical characteristics of the carcass, performance, palatability, and less noble cuts. Crossbred lambs, regardless of diet, showed a greater association of physical characteristics of the carcass, performance, palatability, and less noble cuts. BB can be considered an alternative energy source in total replacement of corn. Integrating of machine learning techniques is a useful statistical tool for studies with large numbers of variables, especially when it comes to analyzing complex data with multiple effects in the search for data patterns and insights in decision-making on the farm.

Adaptive, morphometric and productive responses of Brazilian hair lambs: Crossing between indigenous breeds - A machine learning approach

For the first time, the thermoregulatory, morphometric and productive responses of the Morada Nova breed and its crosses with the Santa Inês and Rabo Largo breeds in the Brazilian semi-arid region were evaluated. Subsequently, the relationship between thermoregulation and morphometric, productive and non-carcass components was verified. 30 lambs, weighing 2.26 ± 0.53 kg at birth and 7.31 ± 1.85 kg at weaning, were distributed into three genetic groups: Morada Nova (MN) and its F1 crossbred Morada Nova × Rabo Largo (RL×MN) and Morada Nova x Santa Inês (SI×MN) animals in a completely randomized factorial design (3 genetic groups × 2 sexes). Machine learning techniques were performed in order to understand the relationship between the variables and in order to identify phenotypic biomarkers. No interaction effect was observed for any variable under study (P > 0.05). Male lambs have higher heart rate (P = 0.03), are heavier (P < 0.001), have higher weight gain (P < 0.001) and higher skin weight (P = 0.01) when compared to females. MN ×SI lambs showed lower heart rate (P = 0.03) and rectal temperature (P = 0.02). Respiratory rate was similar (P = 0.26) between genetic groups. It was also observed that crossbred lambs had higher morphological measures, non-carcass components and productive responses (P < 0.001). Lung weight in purebred animals was lower (P = 0.01) when compared to MN × SI, but equal to MN × RL. The first component was characterized by morphological, productive and non-carcass components, and the second component by thermoregulatory response. The canonical correlation analysis showed that the thermoregulatory response is influenced by the morphological response (P = 0.002). Furthermore, the weight of non-carcass components does not have a relationship (P = 0.834) with thermoregulatory responses. Finally, the thermoregulatory responses did not influence (P = 0.717) the productive responses of sheep in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The redundancy index showed that 36.1% of the variation in thermoregulatory responses is explained by morphological responses, more specifically: the smaller the body length and chest circumference, the higher the animal's heart rate. The productive and morphometric responses and the non-carcass components are the main phenotypic biomarkers used to differentiate the genetic groups of lambs. The crossing of the native Brazilian semi-arid region breed led to higher body weight attributed to higher adaptability, manifested by lower rectal temperature and heart rate with no recorded increase of the morphological indicators.

Allometric growth of non-carcass components and hind limb tissue composition in Saanen goat kids reared under natural and artificial systems

The aim was to investigate the growth of certain non-carcass components and hind limb tissues using allometric coefficients in Saanen goat kids reared under natural and artificial systems and slaughtered at 80 days or 120 days of age. 42 Saanen kids were used in the study [(24 artificial reared kids (SA-80: 12 kids, SA-120: 12 kids), 18 natural reared kids (SA-80: 9 kids, SA-120: 9 kids)] for determination of indicated parameters. The effect of rearing system was not significant in weights of non-carcass components and hind limb tissue compositions, which indicates that, even though they were fed with milk replacers, artificial reared kids can have similar growth performance when they slaughtered at similar age with natural raised kids. However, slaughter age had significant effect on many non-carcass components, since the weight of the organs increases in parallel with animal’s live weight. It is seen that allometric growth of non-carcass parameters, except skin and testis in both rearing groups and stomach and intestines in natural rearing, was slower (b

Effect of Supplementing Herbal Feed Additive Anethum sowa on Nutrient Utilization, Productive Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Male Beetal Kids

A 90d growth trial was conducted on eight male Beetal goat kids (5 months old; average BW 14.85±0.31 kg) to assess the effect of supplementing Anethum sowa-a herbal feed additive (HFA) containing essential oils-on their nutrient utilization, productive performance and meat quality. The animals, divided into two equal groups, were offered either a control total mixed ration (CON) or the same supplemented with Anethum sowa at 2.0% of DM intake (HFA). Rumen studies were conducted simultaneously on three adult Beetal bucks fitted with permanent rumen fistulae adopting a complete crossover design involving two periods. Results indicated that the concentrations of various N fractions were higher (P<0.01) in the rumen contents of animals in the HFA group as compared to the CON; however, the ammonia-N as percent of total-N was depressed (P<0.01) in the HFA group. The total and individual VFAs concentrations were improved (P<0.01) in HFA group, with improved acetate to propionate ratio. The daily DM intake, digestibility of nutrients, N-retention, blood profile and urinary purine derivatives, and ADG were statistically comparable in both the groups. The dressing percentage and edible offal percentage were similar between the two groups. The ready-to-cook carcass expressed on weight basis (P<0.05) or as percent of live weight (P<0.01) basis was improved significantly in HFA group. The weight of non-carcass components was improved in the group fed HFA as compared to CON group. It was concluded that total mixed ration supplemented with A. sowa at 2.0% of DM intake improved the carcass characteristics of Beetal goat kids.

Effects of housing condition, feeding style, and age on fattening performances, comfort, and some slaughterhouse characteristics in Eastern Anatolian Red bulls

It is crucial to bring domestic animal breeds to production and to produce meat based on sectoral structure. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of age, housing condition, and feeding style on fattening performance, comfort, and carcass characteristics of the Eastern Anatolian Red (EAR) bulls, a native breed which is suitable for adverse environmental conditions and marginal land as well as resistant to diseases. Twenty-five purebred EAR bulls (15 head of 2-year-olds and 10 head of 1-year-olds) were assigned randomly to 1 of 5 finishing programs after allocating by the age, feeding protocol, and environmental conditions. The groups were housed either individually in pens inside the barn or in paddocks outside the barn during the experimental period. The floor of the roofed paddock was cleaned and kept dry. The results indicated that there were statistically significant differences in daily live weight gain, total live weight gain (P < 0.05), and feed efficiency (P < 0.01) among the groups. The differences among the groups were also significant in terms of hot carcass, dressing, and pelvic fat (P < 0.01), as well as weights of noncarcass components (except head) (P < 0.01). The different values of the Wind Chill Index did not affect animal comfort adversely. It was clearly concluded that the EAR cattle can be a good fattening material if housing conditions and feeding style are appropriately designed.

Características de carcaça e componentes não-carcaça de tourinhos ½ Purunã x ½ Canchim alimentados com rações contendo três teores de concentrado

Improving the quality and energy content of rations increases performance in feedlot cattle, resulting in higher weight at slaughter, better carcass quality and a higher yield of non-carcass components. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing concentrate content in the ration on the carcass traits and weight of non-carcass components of young bulls finished in a feedlot. Eighteen young crossbred ½ Purunã x ½ Canchim bulls were used, with an average body weight (BW) of 278 kg and 12 months of age at the start of the experiment. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments and six replicates, where the treatments were the contents of 0.71, 0.97 and 1.24% BW day-1 of concentrate in the ration, on a dry matter (DM) basis. Corn silage was used as roughage and was provided ad libitum during the experiment. The young bulls were kept in the feedlot for 168 days and slaughtered at 17 months of age. There was a linear effect of concentrate content on the slaughter weight (SW) and hot carcass weight (HCW), which increased from 433 to 485 kg and from 248 to 280 kg between 0.71 and 1.24% BW in DM day-1 of concentrate. This represented an increase of 9.87 kg in SW and 6.16 kg in HCW for each 0.10% BW in DM day-1 of concentrate added to the ration. The hot carcass yield, rib eye area, subcutaneous fat thickness and the proportions of bone, muscle and fat in the carcass were not affected by the concentrate content and showed mean values of 57.3%, 79.6 cm2, 3.20 mm, 14.88%, 65.21% and 20.67%, respectively. There was a linear effect of concentrate content on the carcass temperature after cooling, which increased from 8.1 to 9.0 oC between 0.71 and 1.24% BW in DM day-1 of concentrate. An increase of 0.16 oC in the post-cooling carcass temperature for each 0.10% BW in DM day-1 of concentrate added to the ration was observed. The weight of internal organs and the perirenal and internal fat deposition were not affected by the concentrate content. The inclusion of 1.24% BW in DM day-1 of concentrate in the ration is recommended to obtain high SW and high HCW. Below this level, the carcass tissue composition and weight of non-carcass components are not modified.

Carcass and meat traits, and non-carcass components of lambs fed ration containing increasing levels of urea

The objective of this study was to evaluate the carcass and meat traits, and the non-carcass components of crossbred Dorper lambs fed diets with increasing levels of urea (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% of dry matter – DM). The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments (urea inclusion levels) and six replicates per treatment. Lambs were fed ad libitum for 56 days and slaughtered at 37.9 ± 5.1 kg of body weight (BW). The weight and yield of carcass before and after cooling were not influenced by urea levels, with average values of 16.9 kg and 44.6% for cold carcass weight and yield. Urea levels did not affect the morphometric measurements, the fat deposition on the carcass, the weight of carcass cuts and the weight of non-carcass components. There was a quadratic effect of urea levels on the loin yield, which may achieve maximum value of 11.31% with the inclusion of 0.84% DM urea in the feed. The pH and the color coordinates L* (brightness), a* (red intensity) and C* (saturation) of the meat also showed quadratic response to the urea levels, where in the minimum value of 5.53 for pH, maximum value of 48.67 for L* and minimum values of 14.04 and 16.21 for a* and C* may be obtained by including 0.53 to 0.70% DM urea in the ration. The inclusion of 0.84% DM urea in the ration is recommended to obtain maximum yield of loin and meat with attractive characteristics to the consumer, which is characterized by high red intensity and brightness. If consumers have preference for lamb meat with a more intense red color, the inclusion of 1.5% DM urea should be considered in the ration formulation.

Carcass and meat traits, and non-carcass components of lambs fed ration containing increasing levels of urea

The objective of this study was to evaluate the carcass and meat traits, and the non-carcass components of crossbred Dorper lambs fed diets with increasing levels of urea (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% of dry matter – DM). The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments (urea inclusion levels) and six replicates per treatment. Lambs were fed ad libitum for 56 days and slaughtered at 37.9 ± 5.1 kg of body weight (BW). The weight and yield of carcass before and after cooling were not influenced by urea levels, with average values of 16.9 kg and 44.6% for cold carcass weight and yield. Urea levels did not affect the morphometric measurements, the fat deposition on the carcass, the weight of carcass cuts and the weight of non-carcass components. There was a quadratic effect of urea levels on the loin yield, which may achieve maximum value of 11.31% with the inclusion of 0.84% DM urea in the feed. The pH and the color coordinates L* (brightness), a* (red intensity) and C* (saturation) of the meat also showed quadratic response to the urea levels, where in the minimum value of 5.53 for pH, maximum value of 48.67 for L* and minimum values of 14.04 and 16.21 for a* and C* may be obtained by including 0.53 to 0.70% DM urea in the ration. The inclusion of 0.84% DM urea in the ration is recommended to obtain maximum yield of loin and meat with attractive characteristics to the consumer, which is characterized by high red intensity and brightness. If consumers have preference for lamb meat with a more intense red color, the inclusion of 1.5% DM urea should be considered in the ration formulation.

Características da carcaça e componentes não integrantes da carcaça de caprinos Canindé suplementados na caatinga

ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar o efeito da suplementação concentrada sobre o ganho de peso, as características quantitativas da carcaça e dos não constituintes da carcaça de caprinos castrados da raça Canindé em sistema de pastejo na caatinga. 40 caprinos com peso corporal (PC) inicial médio de 15,76 ± 0,96kg foram distribuídos nos níveis de zero; 0,5; 1 e 1,5% de suplementação concentrada (% PC), sendo abatidos quando os animais que recebiam 1,5% de suplementação atingiram peso médio de 23,10 ± 1,74kg. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro níveis de suplementação e dez repetições. O ganho de peso, rendimento de carcaça, rendimento dos cortes e peso dos constituintes não carcaça (pele, cabeça, sangue, fígado, rins, trato respiratório, trato gastrointestinal), bem como o peso da gordura total, foram influenciados positivamente pelos níveis de suplementação. Os níveis de suplementação um e 1,5% do PC são favoráveis ao desempenho, às características de carcaça e ao desenvolvimento de órgãos em caprinos da raça Canindé em pastejo na caatinga.

AVALIAÇÃO DA SOMATOTROPINA BOVINA RECOMBINANTE (rbST) NOS NÃO-COMPONENTES DA CARCAÇA DE CABRITOS DE TRÊS GENÓTIPOS

This study was developed with the aim of evaluatingrecombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on non-carcasscomponents of goat kids of three genotypes. It was used23 male goat kids of three genotypes, being 8 Alpine, 4 ½Boer + ½ Alpine (½ BA) and 11 ¾ Boer + ¼Alpine (¾BA), from which 12 received rbST e 11 control. Thegrowth hormone used was the recombinant bovinesomatotropin (rbST) and animals of treatment 1 receivedthe hormone in the amount of 0.3 mg/kg live weight, from 45 days, adjusted in intervals of 14 days. Animals oftreatment 2 (control) received saline solution in the samedosage and interval. The ½ BA goats presented a higherproportion of external non-carcass components (head, feetand skin) in relation to Alpine goats. Regarding the vitalorgans, such as lungs, kidneys and spleen, and the noncarcasscomponents blood, internal fat and perinephric fat,Alpine goats presented higher values than ¾ BA goats.The administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) did not produce effect on proportions and weight of non-carcass components. Proportions and weight of non-carcass components varied in function of genotypes, although animals were slaughtered at similar live weight. KEYWORDS: carcass; goats; growth hormone; live weight components.

Carcaças e componentes não-carcaça de cordeiros terminados em pasto de azevém recebendo suplementação concentrada

O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a resposta das características objetivas e subjetivas das carcaças e dos não componentes da carcaça de cordeiros desmamados precocemente e terminados em pasto de azevém anual ao fornecimento crescente de suplemento concentrado (sem suplementação; 0,9%; 1,8% do peso corporal e ad libitum) na dieta. Os cordeiros foram abatidos ao atingirem 32kg de peso corporal e medidas corporais foram tomadas antes do abate. Após o abate, registraram-se os pesos da carcaça quente, do conteúdo digestivo e dos não-componentes da carcaça. As carcaças permaneceram por 24 horas em câmara fria a 5°C, obtendo-se o peso da carcaça fria. Obtiveram-se os rendimentos e as medidas objetivas e subjetivas das carcaças e, por cálculos, as compacidades de perna e carcaça. Os dados foram submetidos às análises de regressão e de correlação simples. A suplementação concentrada apresentou efeito linear positivo (P&lt;0,05) sobre pesos e rendimentos de carcaça quente e fria, compacidade de perna e de carcaça, estado de engorduramento e conformação das carcaças. A oferta crescente de suplementação concentrada aos cordeiros jovens desmamados e terminados em pasto de azevém promoveu a obtenção de carcaças maiores e com rendimento superior, com melhor conformação e estado de engorduramento, podendo resultar em melhores oportunidades de comercialização e de preços pagos ao produtor.

GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR MEAT PRODUCTION IN RABBITS. 1 - NON CARCASS COMPONENTS.

Data of 122 males rabbits, randomly sampled from 19 sires of New Zealand White breed raised on two farms in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, were analysed to provide estimates of heritabilities for non carcass components and to obtain estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlations among these components. AII rabbits were slaughtered when reached a live body weight of approximately 2 kg. The weights of non carcass components and hot carcass were recorded and dressing percentages were also calculated. Least squares analysis of variance showed that weights of rabbit non carcass components were more influenced by the effect of farm adjusted to the effect of slaughter weight, whereas they were slightly influenced by the effect of sires within farm. Generally, the heritability estimates for gastrointestinal tract and its components except stomach (h2 = 0.24) were high, ranged between 0.40 to 0.60 and were very high for trachea (h2 = 0.78), testes (h2 = 0.94) and kidney fat (h2 = 0.94) whereas the weights of urinary bladder, head, ears, pituitary gland, kidneys and lungs were moderately heritable, ranged from 0.21 to 0.39. The remaining traits showed low heritability estimates ranged between 0.02 and 0.14. Estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlations were high only between the weights of liver, testes and kidney fat and the weights of the other traits. Results suggested the possibility of improvement liver, testes or kidney fat weights by direct selection.

The autumn growth and carcass composition of hoggets grazed on lucerne, perennial ryegrass plus white clover, and white clover pastures

Abstract The live-weight gains and carcass composition of hoggets grazing different types of pasture over the autumn were compared. Between 26 January and 1 June 1966, live-weight gains of hoggets were 15.0 kg on white clover (Trifolium repens L.), 16.8 kg on lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), and 9.1 kg on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plus white clover pastures. Between 20 February and 2 June 1967, hogget live-weight gains were 16.8 kg on white clover-dominant pasture, 13.6 kg on lucerne, and 11.3 kg on perennial ryegrass plus clover. No significant differences were found between pasture treatments in the adjusted weights of chemical fat, water, or protein in the hogget carcass, in the weight of stomach contents, or palatability of meat from the leg as determined by consumer taste panel. Weights of non-carcass components and carcass cuts generally followed differences in mean live weight at slaughter.