Tuber Weight Research Articles

Impact of Various Nitrogen Rates on the Performance of Winter Potato (Var. Kufri Sindhuri) in Valley Areas of Manipur, India

The research was aimed at analyzing the performance of winter potato under different nitrogen rates at the experimental fields of College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal. The variety Kufri Sindhuri was cultivated during the winter seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 under three different nitrogen rates- 120 kgha-1 (N1), 100 kgha-1 (N2) and 80 kgha-1 (N3) using drip irrigation. The results indicated that plants fertilized with 120 kgha-1 nitrogen recorded maximum germination percentage (86.17%), plant height (40.47cm), number of shoots plant-1 (4.50), stem girth (0.56cm), crop growth rate (17.96gm-2day-1), relative growth rate (2.75gg-1day-1), weight of tubers per plant (1.04kg) and tuber yield (19.96t/ha) amongst other treatments. Thus, concluding that healthy plants and good yield of potato was obtained when fertilized with 120 kgha-1 of Nitrogen in Imphal.

Growth And Production Of Porang (Amorphophallus Muelleri Blume) Plant Due To Sunlight Intensity And Different Plant Media Formulation

The porang plant is a tuber-producing plant developed because it can increase farmers' income. Sunlight intensity and the growing environment are essential factors that affect the growth and yield of porang plants. The research aims to get the best shade, planting media formulation, and their interaction for the development and outcome of porang plants. This study applied a randomized group design with the factorial pattern. The first factor is 50%, 70%, and 90% shade. The second factor of planting media formulation is soil or control (100%), soil (50%) + rice husk (16.7%) + coffee husk (16.7%) + manure (16.7%), soil (33.3%) + rice husk (33.3%) + waste (33.3%), soil (66.7%) + coffee husk (16.7%) + rice husk 16.7%). The results showed that 90% shading and planting media formulation of soil (33.3%) + rice husk (33.3%) + manure (33.3%) produced the highest growth (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter) and porang yield (tuber weight).

Inbreeding Effects on the Performance and Genomic Prediction for Polysomic Tetraploid Potato Offspring Grown at High Nordic Latitudes.

Inbreeding depression (ID) is caused by increased homozygosity in the offspring after selfing. Although the self-compatible, highly heterozygous, tetrasomic polyploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) suffers from ID, some argue that the potential genetic gains from using inbred lines in a sexual propagation system of potato are too large to be ignored. The aim of this research was to assess the effects of inbreeding on potato offspring performance under a high latitude and the accuracy of the genomic prediction of breeding values (GEBVs) for further use in selection. Four inbred (S1) and two hybrid (F1) offspring and their parents (S0) were used in the experiment, with a field layout of an augmented design with the four S0 replicated in nine incomplete blocks comprising 100, four-plant plots at Umeå (63°49'30″ N 20°15'50″ E), Sweden. S0 was significantly (p < 0.01) better than both S1 and F1 offspring for tuber weight (total and according to five grading sizes), tuber shape and size uniformity, tuber eye depth and reducing sugars in the tuber flesh, while F1 was significantly (p < 0.01) better than S1 for all tuber weight and uniformity traits. Some F1 hybrid offspring (15-19%) had better total tuber yield than the best-performing parent. The GEBV accuracy ranged from -0.3928 to 0.4436. Overall, tuber shape uniformity had the highest GEBV accuracy, while tuber weight traits exhibited the lowest accuracy. The F1 full sib's GEBV accuracy was higher, on average, than that of S1. Genomic prediction may facilitate eliminating undesired inbred or hybrid offspring for further use in the genetic betterment of potato.

Response of potatoes planted in Gypsifrious soil to organic, biological and mineral fertilization

This experiment was conducted during the growing season 2021, the spring bloom, in the AL-Falluja date palm research station province fellow Horticulture board/Ministry of Agriculture. To study the effect of organic fertilizer and inoculation on P. pseudomonas bacteria and fungi. Trichoderm harzanium and mineral fertilizer in the growth and yield of potato variety Burren, the experiment included three factors, the first factor, adding two levels of fermented organic fertilizer 10 tons hectares of sheep waste (C1) and without addition of organic fertilizer (C0) As for the second factor, it included the addition of biological fertilizer (Pseudomonas and Trichoderma bacterial vaccine): without adding the vaccine B0 + adding the bacterial vaccine Pseudomonas B1 + adding the fungal vaccine Trichoderma (B2) and the addition of a mixture of the bacterial Pseudomonas vaccine and the fungal Trichoderma vaccine (B3), and the third factor was the addition of three levels of mineral fertilizer, which is 50 % of the recommended fertilizer (M50) and 75% of the fertilizer recommendation (M75) and the addition of the fertilizer recommendation 100 % (M100) and the results of the study are summarized as follows: The use of organic fertilizer led to a significant increase in growth characteristics and yield of potatoes as a result of the addition of fertilizer aleudwiu Treatment O1 gave the highest rate of the studied traits, number and weight of tubers, which amounted to 7.91 tubers. plant-1 and 78.03 g. Plant-1 and the yield of one plant is 634.9 g.Plant-1, and the total yield is 36.91 mg.h-1 The total marketable yield 35.53 mcg ha-1. There was a significant increase in the growth characteristics and yield of potato plants due to the addition of bio-fertilizer, as it gave the interaction treatment between Pseudomonas bacteria and Trichoderma (B3). The highest rates in the studied traits, as the number and weight of tubers, reached 9.11 tubers. plant-1 and 86.22 g. Plant-1 and the yield of one plant is 796.0 g. plant-1 The total yield is 39.03 mcg ha-1 and the total marketable yield is 37.71 mcg ha-1. The addition of the fertilizer M100 led to a significant increase in the growth characteristics and yield of the plant Potatoes, as the number and weight of tubers reached 8.10 tubers: plant-1 and 76.88 g. Plant-1 and the yield of one plant is 634.9 g.plant-1, total yield 36.26 mcg ha-1, total marketable yield 35.05 mcg ha-1. The double and triple interactions increase the results in growth characteristics, chemical content, growth characteristics and yield Keywords: potatoes, organic fertilization, bio fertilization, mineral fertilization, yield.

Growth and Yield Responses of Three Cassava Varieties (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Using Two Compound Fertilizers in Humid Tropics, Rivers State, Nigeria

An experiment on the growth and yield responses of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) using two compound fertilizer types was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Rivers State University Port Harcourt between March 2021 and February 2022. The treatments consisting of three cassava varieties (TME 419, TMS 95/0289, TMS 96/0523) and two compound fertilizer types (NPK 20-10-10, NPK 15-15-15) and a control without fertilizer application were combined in a split plot arrangement with cassava varieties to the main plot while fertilizer types took the subplots, in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. Parameters evaluated were plant height and leaf number at four weekly interval starting at ten weeks after planting, also tuber number and tuber weight. Results show that cassava variety TME 419 interacting with NPK 15-15-15 produced the highest plant height (288.3cm) while TMS96/0523 without fertilizer application produced the lowest plant height(199cm) at harvest. Cassava variety TMS 95/0289 interacting with NPK 15-15-15 produced the highest tuber number per plot (241.3) and per stand (10.1) respectively. Cassava variety TMS 96/0523 interacting with NPK 15-15-15 produced the highest leaf number per stand (103.3). Application of NPK fertilizer especially NPK 15-15-15 enhances tuber number, leaf number and plant height. Cassava variety TMS 95/0289 produced the highest tuber number and tuber weight. Thus it is recommended that TMS 95/0289 be recommended to farmers as it produced highest tuber number and tuber weight. Also, fertilizer NPK 15-15-15 is a preferred NPK fertilizer as it produced high yield in tuber number per stand and tuber weight.

Produtividade e qualidade da batata-doce em função da adubação fosfatada em diferentes solos

ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for growth and yield of sweet potatoes; in sandy soils, sweet potato yield and quality may be limited by application of low P doses, mainly in degraded areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of P doses on yield and quality of sweet potato root tubers grown in tropical sandy soils with different initial P availabilities: 23.2 mg dm-3 (high P - crop rotation) and 3.7 mg dm-3 (low P - post degraded pasture). Two experiments were carried out in a randomized block design, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of P doses (0, 22, 44, 88, and 176 kg ha-1) applied to the planting bed. Tuber yield, number and mean weight of tubers, P concentration in leaves and tubers, exported P, as well as the percentage of starch, reducing sugars, total sugars, and sucrose in the tubers were evaluated. P concentration in the soil was evaluated at the end of the experiment. In the area with high P availability (&gt; 20 mg dm-3 - resin), increasing P doses did not increase root tuber yield and decreased root starch concentrations. In the area with low P availability (&lt; 3.7 mg dm-3 - resin), root tuber yield and starch concentration peaked when applying 68 and 33 kg ha-1 of P, respectively. In areas after degraded pasture, with low initial soil P concentration, P fertilization for sweet potato crops should be carried out with a P dose of 68 kg ha-1. In areas with crop rotation and adequate soil P concentration, P fertilization should be carried out to replace the amount of P exported by the harvested root tubers to avoid decreases in soil fertility.

Pengaruh Pemberian Vermikompos dan Pupuk KNO3 terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium Ascalonicum L.) pada Lahan Kering

The use of dry land for shallot cultivation in Indonesia is still not optimal because it is considered as land that has no good potential for crop cultivation. Dry land problems include limited availability of water, low organic matter and soil nutrients, especially potassium. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the response of vermicompost and KNO3 fertilizer to the growth and yield of shallots on dry land. The experimental design used a factorial randomized block design, doses of vermicompost (5 tons/ha, 10 to/ha, and 15 tons/ha) and KNO3 fertilizer doses (0 kg/ha, 114 kg/ha, and 228 kg/ha). Parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves per hill, number of tubers per hill, tuber diameter, weight of fresh tubers per hill, weight of stored dry tubers per hill, and tuber moisture content. The results showed that the interaction between the application of 10 tons/ha of vermicompost and 114 kg/ha of KNO3 fertilizer had a significant effect on the parameters of fresh tuber weight per clump and dry tuber weight stored per clump. The single treatment of vermicompost at a dose of 15 tons/ha had a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves per hill, fresh tuber weight per hill, and dry tuber weight stored per hill. Single treatment with KNO3 fertilizer dose of 228 kg/ha had a significant effect on the weight of fresh tubers per clump and the weight of stored dry tubers per clump.

Pengujian Konsorsium Mikroba dalam Upaya Menekan Intensitas Penyakit Hawar Daun (Botrytis squamosa Walker.) pada Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Microbial Consortium Testing to Reduce the Intensity of Leaf Blight (Botrytis squamosa Walker.) on Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.). Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are a popular horticultural crop that has been grown for centuries. One of the diseases that target the leaves of the shallot plant is Botrytis squamosa Walker. A microbial community is being used to reduce the severity of the fungus Botrytis squamosa Walker's disease. The goal of this study was to see how the microbial consortium affected the severity of leaf blight on shallot plants. The shallot cultivar Batu Ijo was employed in this investigation. This study was carried out at Margaasih Village, Cicalengka District, Bandung Regency, from March to June 2022. The Randomized Block Design (RBD) approach was employed in this investigation, which included 5 treatments and 5 replications. Microbiological consortium package A, microbial consortium package B, microbial consortium package C, microbial consortium package D, and controls were utilized in the treatments. This observation yielded parameters such as attack intensity, plant height, number of tubers, and tuber weight. The results demonstrated that the package B microbial consortium, which included the microorganisms Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp. could suppress the severity of leaf blight (Botrytis squamosa Walker.)

Shedding light on a hot topic: Tuberisation in potato

AbstractGrowing small seedling tubers from true seed, comparable with mini tubers, in controlled conditions could be a method to multiply healthy starting material of potato. In indoor farming systems, the conditions can be optimised for high production. In field trials, it is impossible to investigate the effects of environmental factors such as temperature and light separately. In this study, we performed three climate room experiments in which the effects of light intensity, temperature and percentage of far‐red light in the light spectrum on tuber production were assessed. We found that increasing the average temperature reduced tuber number and tuber weight. Increasing the diurnal temperature variation while keeping the average temperature equal resulted in increased tuber size. The light treatments on the other hand only affected the number of tubers per plant: increasing light intensity and increasing the percentage of far‐red light in the spectrum enhanced the number of tubers. Moreover, interaction in tuber production between inbred lines and temperature was significant, with some inbred lines being relatively tolerant to high temperature. These findings will help breed for heat tolerant varieties and optimise growing conditions for tuber production in indoor farming systems.

The Relationship of Sweet Potato Germplasm Based on Morphological Characters

Information about the morphological and genetic characteristics of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is important in the variety development program. This experiment aimed to determine the diversity and genetic relationship of sweet potato accessions from NTT based on morphological character data. The research was carried out at Kendalpayak Research Station, Malang, East Java from April - September 2019. The materials used were seventy-one sweet potato germplasm from the ILETRI collection (collected from NTT). Each accession was planted on a 1 m × 5 m plot size, with a spacing of 100 × 20 cm (single row). Fertilization was carried out using a dose of “100 kg urea + 100 kg SP36 + 200 kg KCl ha-1”. The observed characters were the vines length, growth type, internode length, leaf length, leaf width, leaf size, leaf bone color, leaf shape, leaf characteristics, lobes number, lobe shape, mature leaf color, shoot color, pigmentation of petiole, young stems pigmentation (dominant and secondary color), young leaves feathers, tuber skin color, tuber flesh color, weight of canopy, number of tubers perplot, weight of tubers perplot, number and weight of tubers perplot. Cluster analysis was carried out using the Minitab 17 program. There was morphological diversity in seventy-one accessions of sweet potato germplasm from NTT. Principal component analysis resulted in seven main components with the proportion of diversity 76.3%. cluster analysis, seventy-one accessions of sweet potato germplasm were divided into fifteen accession groups on the basis of 80% degree. Characteristics of shoot color, mature leaf color, leaf size, petiole pigmentation, and leaf bone color contributed greatly to the total diversity.

EVALUATING THE CORRELATION OF PLOIDY LEVEL, LEAF SIZE, STOMATA CHARACTERISTICS AND TUBER WEIGHT IN Dioscorea spp. POPULATIONS FROM JALISCO, MÉXICO

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background. &lt;/strong&gt;“Camote de cerro” (&lt;em&gt;Dioscorea &lt;/em&gt;spp.) is a plant of great importance in West rural areas of Mexico as food source and alternative medicine. &lt;em&gt;Dioscorea&lt;/em&gt; is an important crop around the world for its carbohydrate contribution to diets. Yams are polyploid plants, and species with modifications at ploidy level also present changes in leaf size and stomata characteristics. These variations can favor resistance to adverse conditions. &lt;strong&gt;Objective.&lt;/strong&gt; In the present study, evaluation and correlation of ploidy levels, leaf size, stomata characteristics and tuber weight were carried out for &lt;em&gt;Dioscorea &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;remotiflora&lt;/em&gt; Kunth and &lt;em&gt;Dioscorea sparsiflora &lt;/em&gt;Hemsley&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;in accessions obtained from 11 localities in México. &lt;strong&gt;Methodology.&lt;/strong&gt; Chromosome counting was carried out in root meristems&lt;em&gt;. &lt;/em&gt;Measuring and counting stomata were carried out. Productivity rate (PR) was calculated dividing harvested tuber weight over seed tuber weight, for each experimental unit. Leaves width and length were measured&lt;em&gt;.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Results.&lt;/strong&gt; Show that variation is higher among different localities than among specimens from the same locality. Significant differences were observed for, ploidy levels (P), stomata dimensions and number of chloroplasts in stomata. Differences in chloroplast numbers present in occlusive cells were also significant for different species. &lt;strong&gt;Implications.&lt;/strong&gt; Ploidy level showed a relation with chloroplasts numbers in stomata and stomata width. Leaf size presented a relation with stomata dimensions, and leaf width showed a relation with tuber weight. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions.&lt;/strong&gt; These observations allowed us to determine that there are variation among populations; stomata width and chloroplast number in a population can help to determine ploidy levels, and leaf width is a response variable that allows to predict tuber weight.&lt;/p&gt;

Characterization of growth and yield parameters and nutritional profiling of new potato clones

ABSTRACT Characterization of unique small potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) clones, called new potatoes, affecting growth, yield, and fruit quality traits could provide source of new alleles for breeding. The study was undertaken to characterize new potato clones for growth, tuber characters, yield, and nutritional profile in comparison with three common tetraploid potato varieties. New potato clones had stolon length of 7.11 cm, bulking habit of avg. 56 days from planting to initiation of tuber, number of tubers of avg. 34.16/plant, tubers weight avg. 7.40 g, and yield of avg. 253 g/plant. The nutritional profile of new potato clones surpassed the common tetraploid potato varieties particularly with respect to contents of dry matter, starch, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, and total phenols. Correlation and path-coefficient analyses confirmed days from planting to initiation of tubers, average number of tubers per plant, average weight of tubers, average weight of tubers per plant, total soluble solids content, starch content, total sugar content, and non-reducing sugar content were the most important selection indices for enhancing tuber yield and quality. These new potato clones are regarded as preferred vegetable item by the consumer for long time because of good taste and stickiness of the tuber for the preparation of specific cooked items. There is substantial nutritional worth for the new potato clones.

APLIKASI PEMBERIAN KOMPOS TITONIA DAN PUPUK GRAND-K TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SERTA PRODUKSI TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) PADA TANAH GAMBUT

Application of titonia compost and Grand-K fertilizer on growth and production of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) on peat soil has been conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Islam Riau starting from June to August 2021. This is research aimed to know the effect of interaction and each of the main factors of Titonia compost and Grand-K fertilizer on the growth and yield of shallots in peat. The design used in this study is completely randomized design (CRD) factorial consisting of two factors. The first factor is the doses of Titonia Compost which consists of 4 levels, namely 0, 15, 30, and 45 g per polybag. The second factor is the doses of Grand-K fertilizer which consists of 4 levels, namely 0; 0.40; 0.80 and 1.20 g per polybag. Parameters observed were relative growth rate, plant height, number of tubers per clump, wet tuber weight per clump, tuber diameter, dry tuber weight per clump, dry weight of biomass, measurement of pH and plant nutrient uptake. The observational data were analyzed statistically and continued with further real difference honest test at the 0,05 level. The results showed that the interaction of titonia compost and Grand-K fertilizer was significant on the parameters of the number of tubers per clump, wet weight of tubers per clump, dry weight of tubers per clump and dry weight of biomass. Combination The best treatment was the dose of titonia compost 45 g/polybag and Grand-K fertilizer 0.80 g/polybag. The main effect of titonia compost was significant on all observed parameters. The best treatment was the dose of titonia compost 45 g/polybag. The main effect of Grand-K fertilizer dose was significant on all observation parameters. The best treatment was a dose of 0.80 g/polybag Grand-K fertilizer.

Influence of plant covering with nonwoven agrotextile on the vegetative growth characteristics and yield of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.): A Slovenian case study

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of cultivar and covering with nonwoven agrotextile on vegetative growth parameters and the productivity value of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). A field experiment was conducted during the 2018 growing season, at the experimental field of the Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana (46° 04′ N latitude; 14° 31′ E longitude, 305 m above sea level). The soil was gravel clay with a pH of 6.7, and a soil depth of 40–60 cm. The research involved the following Slovenian cultivars of sweet potatoes: Lučka, Janja, and Martina. Distance between rows was 1.2 m, while in-row distance was 1.4 m. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with plots arranged factorially and replicated four times. The seedlings were planted on 20 May. A half of the plots were covered with polypropylene nonwoven textile (17 g/m2). The uncovered half of the plots served as control plots. The recommended cultural practices were performed as needed during the experiment. The temperature under the covers was on average 5.5 °C higher than in the unprotected area. The crops were harvested 132 days after planting. Covering significantly and positively affected vegetative growth – that is the height of the vines, leaf number, leaf area index, and haulm dry weight. In contrast, the nonwoven polypropylene cover had no significant effect on the number of branches per crop. The use of agrotextile significantly increased tuber length and diameter, tuber number, tuber weight, and total yield in comparison with traditional cultivation with no plant cover. Statistical analysis showed that cv. Janja had the significantly higher yield (7.49 t/ha) compared to cv. Lučka (6.68 t/ha) and cv. Martina (6.16 t/ha).

Pemberian Mikoriza Dalam Media Tanam Campuran Limbah Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum)

The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of mycorrhizae, media mixture palm oil waste, interaction between mycorrhizae and media mixture palm oil waste. This research used a Randomized Block Design consisting of two factors, which were concentration of mycorrhizae (0, 50, and 100 g/plant) and level of media mixture palm oil waste (top soil, top soil + TKKS (1:1), top soil + fiber (1:1), and top soil + sludge (1:1)). Results showed that the treatment of mychorrizae and mixed media give significant effect on number of leave, fresh dan dry tuber weight for plant. The giving mycorrhizae 50 g/plant increased number of leave (21,85 sheet), fresh tuber weight (27,48 g), and dry tuber weight (21,21 g). Media of top soil + sludge increased number of leave (23,60 sheet), fresh tuber weight (32,35 g), and dry tuber weight (24,16 g). The addition of mycorrhizae and media mixture palm oil waste can increase results of onion.

The utilization of apical rooted cuttings for the seed production of potato varieties for processing

Potato development, especially processing varieties, is constrained by the availability of seeds. Acceleration of seed supply can be done by planting apical rooted cuttings directly in the field to obtain seeds equivalent to extension seeds class. Field activity has been carried out in Brebes Regency, Central Java, in 2021, to study the opportunities for using apical rooted cuttings in the potato seed production. Apical rooted cuttings from seven potato varieties for processing purposes (i.e. AR 08, Spudy, Ventury Agrihorti, Golden Agrihorti, Medians, and Atlantik M) were transplanted in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Plant growth and tuber production characters were influenced by genotypic factor, indicated by the variation of those characters between varieties. The tuber number per plant ranged from 8.53 (Medians) to 22.80 (Spudy). Meanwhile, the tuber weight per plant was between 215.13 g (Golden Agrihorti) to 702.67 g (Spudy). In this study, Spudy showed the highest growth performance and tuber production compared to the other six varieties. In general, plants grown from apical rooted cuttings produced tuber which is appropriate for seed purposes. It is hoped that the apical rooted cuttings can support the sustainability of potato production, and furthermore, support the domestic potato-based industry.

Morpho-Physiological Determinants of Potato Yield Formation under Conditions of Moisture Deficiency and High Temperatures

Morphological and physiological parameters of leaves and tubers of 22 varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum) were investigated. Discriminant analysis found that stomata size (12%), chlorophyll content (10%), number of tubers (29%), and average tuber weight (21%) determined the gradation of plants by yield. The specific surface density of leaves (38%), the content of chlorophyll (13%) and carotenoids (13%), and leaf area (12%) made the greatest contribution to discrimination in relation to ecological plasticity. It is concluded that the number of stomata per unit area of the leaf, the specific surface density of the leaf and the content of photosynthetic pigments are the key characteristics that contribute to both high yield and adaptive capacity of potatoes.

Pengaruh Jenis Stek dan Dosis Pupuk Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman dan Hasil Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas) Aksesi Lasbok

PT Maxindo Karya Anugerah (MAXINDO) is an Indonesia-based snack food manufacturer engaged in tuber-based snacks. One of the types of tubers used is the Lasbok accession sweet potato. The purpose of this study was to determine the best dose of NPK fertilizer and the best cutting source for sweet potato plants, Lasbok accession. The research was conducted in the Katulampa Village, Kec. East Bogor, Bogor City. The experimental design used was a completely randomized block design (split plot) with two factors. The main factor in this study was the dose of NPK fertilizer, while the sub factor in this study was the type of cuttings. Cuttings from tertiary shoots (S3) (89.7 leaves) were significantly higher than cuttings from main shoots (S1) (62.8 leaves) and mid stem (S2) (59.4 leaves) at 45 DAP. S2 has significantly fewer tuber candidates compared to S1 and S3. The tuber weight per plot at the recommended dose (M2) was significantly higher than M0 (control) and M1 (30% below the recommendation) but not significantly different from M3 (30% above the recommendation). The variable number of leaves 45 HST is the variable with the most significant correlation with 5 other variables.

EVALUATION OF EMERGENCE AND GROWTH RESPONSE OF CYPERUS ROTUNDUS AS INFLUENCED BY SOWING DEPTHS AND WATER REGIMES

Cyperus rotundus is rapidly growing plant can quickly form dense colonies through the extensive underground system of tuber and rhizomes. It is highly competitive for resources and causes a significant yield reduction in field crops. The nonchemical method has recently been practiced to control this noxious weed species. The current study was conducted to determine the effect of sowing depths (4, 8, 12, and 16 cm) and water regimes (deficit irrigation, medium irrigation, and frequent irrigation treatments) on C. rotundus shoot growth and underground growth of tubers in pots soil. Weed emergence, i.e., mean emergence time (MET), emergence index (EI), final emergence percentage (FEP), and shoot growth traits i.e. shoot density, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and tuber growth traits i.e. tuber density, tuber weight, root density, and root weight were recorded under the completely randomized (CRD) factorial design. The greatest suppression of C. rotundus emergence and growth was found at 16 cm sowing depth. The mean emergence time (MET) of C. rotundus was increased by increasing the sowing depth. Minimum value of shoot densty (9.5 g) and tuber density (15.75 g) were recorded at 16 cm sowing depth under deficit irrigation treatment respectively.While shoot and tuber desnity traits were also drastically suppressed by increasing sowing depth at the deficit irrigation level. It is concluded that sowing depths and deficit irrigation methods can be included as a reliable approach for controlling purple nutsedge shoot and tuber growth.

Vegetative and Generative Growth Responses of Eban Local Cultivar Shallots Treated with Gibberellins (GA3) and P Fertilizers

One strategy to increase shallot productivity is to use fertilizers and growth regulators. The aim of the study was to determine the response of vegetative and generative growth of shallots to local Eban cultivars through the application of gibberellins and P fertilizers in the middle plains of North Central Timor District. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD). The first factor was the application of gibberellins (GA3), consisting of three treatments, namely without application of GA3 (control), application of 100 ppm GA3 and application of 200 ppm of GA3. The second factor was P fertilizer treatment which consisted of three treatments, namely without P fertilizer (P0), P fertilizer 50 kg/ha (P1) and P fertilizer 100 kg/ha (P2). The results showed that the 200 ppm gibberellin treatment had an effect on plant height. Treatment of 100 ppm gibberellins affected tuber diameter, tuber fresh weight and tuber dry weight. Treatment of P 200 kg/ha had an effect on plant height and number of leaves, treatment of P 100 kg/ha had an effect on the number of tillers. Generative growth did not occur in all the treatments tried, this was due to the influence of environmental factors such as high temperatures during the study