Total Dry Matter Weight Research Articles

Residual effect of organic fertilization on radish production

ABSTRACT this research aimed to evaluate the residual effect of doses of organic compost on the radish production, as well as its effect on soil chemical properties. experiments were conducted in two areas (“low” and “high” soil fertility). prior to this, these areas were first used to evaluate the influence of organic compost doses on endive production. after harvesting endive, radish seeds were sown into the same plots used for endive to evaluate the residual effect. the six treatments consisted of organic compost doses (0, 35, 70, 105, 140 and 175 t ha-1), evaluated in a complete block experimental design, with four replications. vegetative characteristics of radish plants (shoot, root and total fresh and dry matter weight, plant height and root diameter) and soil characteristics (macronutrient content, ph, h+al, organic matter, sum of bases, cation exchange capacity and base saturation) in two dates (11 days after the endive transplant and at the end of the radish cycle) were evaluated. no significant difference was observed for all doses of organic compost in the “low” soil fertility area, obtaining only non-commercial roots (average fresh weight of 5.01 g per root). in the “high” soil fertility area, the higher the organic compost doses, the higher the values of most vegetatitve characteristics of radish plants and the chemical properties of the soil in both dates. for root fresh weight, the values ranged from 4.63 to 9.15 g in the control without organic compost and in the highest dose, respectively. in “high” soil fertility area, only k content in soil has not remained high for all organic compost doses, and the values ranged from 2.8 and 4.5 mmolc dm-3, in control without organic compost and in the highest dose, respectively. the residual effect of organic compost was confirmed by the increasing on the radish production in initial “high”soil fertility area.

WATER TREATMENT SLUDGE AS POTENTIAL SOIL AMENDMENT FOR NATIVE PLANTS OF THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO

This work evaluates the effect of 5 mixtures of water treatment sludge, soil from the Cerrado region (Brazil) and a commercial substrate on the growth of 4 species of native plants (Copaifera langsdorffii, Astronium fraxinifolium, Peltophorum dubium and Tabebuia roseo-alba) from the Brazilian Cerrado. A randomized design was setup with four repetitions and WTS loading rates of 0, 204, 417, 638 and 869 g/kg. Plant sampling for analysis was performed at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days after planting, totalling 400 experiments. The results on morphological parameters and foliar analysis showed good results for the sludge loading rates of 204 and 417 g/kg (18,75 and 37,5% of sludge, respectively), for the Copaifera langsdorffii, Astronium fraxinifolium and Tabebuia roseo-alba growth, which presented the highest values for plant diameter, height and total dry matter weight at the 90th and 120th day of experiments. These loading rates seem to provide suitable buffer conditions and nutrients for plant growth. For sludge loading rates of 638 and 869 g/kg the development of all species was reduced, suggesting that plant growth was probably affected by both the higher concentration of Al and the poor mixture structure due to excess of sludge.

Deficit irrigation provokes more pronounced responses of maize photosynthesis and water productivity to elevated CO2

It is very significant to study the impact of deficit irrigation on crop growth and water use under the future scenarios with elevated CO2 concentrations and reduced water availability. This study investigated the growth and yield differences of maize grown in a phytotron in response to elevated CO2 concentrations under different irrigation treatments. Two irrigation treatments were carried out: regular irrigation (RI) and deficit irrigation (DI), in which the irrigation amounts were respectively 100 and 70% of evapotranspiration (ET), with four CO2 concentrations (400, 550, 700, and 900μmolmol−1). Thus eight treatments, i.e. RI400, RI550, RI700, RI900, DI400, DI550, DI700, and DI900 were included in this study. Results show that, the relative reductions of stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) in response to elevated CO2 concentrations were higher under DI than RI, thus causing leaf temperature (Tleaf) rose higher under DI due to the transpiration cooling effect. As photosynthetic rate (Pn) and its physiological process were positively correlated with Tleaf, the relative increases of Pn and the resulting maximum leaf area index (LAImax), total dry matter weight (TDW), and grain yield (GY) react to elevated CO2 concentrations were higher under DI than RI, as well as the leaf water use efficiency (WUEL) and water productivity (WP). The DI900 treatment in which the irrigation amount was reduced by 30% only decreased the TDW and GY by 7 and 5% when compared with RI900. The variation of GY was consistent with the variation of kernels per ear (KPE), but was not directly related to hundred-grain weight (HGW). The above results show that when atmospheric CO2 concentrations rise in the future, deficit irrigation would be an effective way of saving water and would not only have a mitigating effect on water crises, but would also contribute to improving WP, which is more important in terms of actual production.

PENGARUH BERBAGAI TAKARAN PUPUK NITROGEN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN CAISIN VARIETAS SHINTA

The objective of this experiment was to study the effect nitrogen fertilizer dose on growth and yield of Caisin plant (Brassica junceae L.) var. Shinta. An experiment was carried out at Experimental Station of Agriculture Faculty of Winaya Mukti University at Tanjungsari-Sumedang, with the altitude about 850 m above sea level, from February 2015 up to March 2015. Experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisted of five treatment and each five replication. Dose of nitrogen (N) fertilizer tested namely : A = 0 kg ha-1 N, B = 10 kg ha-1 N, C = 20 kg ha-1 N, D = 30 kg ha-1 N, dan E = 40 kg ha-1 N. The result of this experiment showed that dose of nitrogen fertilizer be different influential on plant height at 28 Days After Planting (DAP) and 35 DAP, number of leaf at 35 DAP, weight of total dry matter per plant and weight of fresh per plant. Dose of nitrogen fertilizer 20 kg ha-1- 30 kg ha-1 give better effect on plant height at 28 Days After Planting (DAP) and 35 DAP, number of leaf at 35 DAP, weight of total dry matter per plant, and weight of fresh per plant. The optimum nitrogen fertilizer rate as much as 24.59 kg ha-1 give a weight per plant caisin maximum of 76.04 g

THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND THE ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTED FROM THE LEAVES OF TEUCRIUM CAPITATUM L.

Objective: In the framework of the search for new biological molecules, an ethnobotanical study has been carried out in the region of El Hajeb in Morocco in the interest of will select the data ethnopharmacological on medicinal and aromatic plants and on the découveres new principles assets. On the basis of a questionnaire prepared, a survey was conducted of the local population where we find a close relation which exists between the plant species described in the said region and the different types of diseases affecting the human being; six plants have been chosen to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils against the bacterial strain (Staphylococcus aureus, and on two yeasts: Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, which are the most frequently identified in clinical specimens, a mold: Aspergillus niger, and 5 dermatophytes: Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum.Methods: The extraction of essential oils was carried out by steam distillation in a clevenger-type apparatus. The antimicrobial activity was determined by the disc diffusion method. The chromatographic analysis of HE five plants was performed with a gas chromatograph (GC) type Hewlett-Packard (6890) coupled to a mass spectrometer (HP5973).Results: The results show that the essential oil of Teucrium capitatum L. has a large antimicrobial activity vis-a-vis other plants. Therefore, an identification of their chemical composition is necessary to identify the active molecules based on the analysis GC-only and coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil of the plant of T. capitatum L. of the region of El Hajeb (Morocco) was extracted to the study its performance, its chemical composition, and its property antibacterial and antifungal. The average content in essential oil of the leaves of this species is approximately2% (wt.) of the total weight of dry matter. The chromatographic analysis showed the profiles, and the rates of the different components compared to the available standards, as function of the retention time by ascending order, four compounds were identified by GC and GC/MS as the main compounds of this oil: Endo-borneol (33%), naphthalene, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methyl ethyl)-, (1s-cis)-(19.63%), bronyle acetate (15.56%), alpha-terpineol (11.96%), bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-ol, 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-(10.94%) among other 21 compounds.Conclusion: This study allows, once again, the development of the exploitation of the essential oils in the areas, pharmaceutical and medicines and works the doors of the exploitation of these plants in the pharmaceutical market. Keywords: Teucrium capitatum L., Ethnobotanical study, Antifungal activity, Chromatography.

Brachiaria as a Cover Crop to Improve Phosphorus Use Efficiency in a No-till Oxisol

Oxidic soils are phosphorus drains in soil; hence, P availability is a limiting factor in tropical, weathered Oxidic soils. It has been shown that some brachiarias grown as cover crops may increase soil available P to subsequent crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil P cycling and availability, as well as the response of soybean to soluble and natural reactive phosphates as affected by ruzi grass (Urochloa ruziziensis, R. Germ. and C.M. Evrard, Crin) grown as a cover crop in a no-till system. Experimental treatments consisted of the presence or absence of ruzi grass in combination with a control (0.0 P) and soluble and reactive rock phosphate broadcast on the soil surface in the winter (80 kg ha-1 P2O5), plus three rates of P applied to soybean furrows (0, 30, and 60 kg ha-1 of P2O5) at planting, in the form of triple superphosphate. Soybean was cropped in two seasons: 2010/2011 and 2011/2012. Soil samples were taken before soybean planting (after desiccation of Brachiaria) at 0.00-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m for soil available P. Total weight of dry matter and P accumulated in ruzi grass were determined, as well as soybean yields, P in soybean grains, and P use efficiency (PUE). The use of natural phosphate increased soil P availability. The highest yields were obtained with higher application rates of triple superphosphate in the planting furrow combined with broadcast rock phosphate. Broadcast application of Arad reactive phosphate increases and maintains soil available P, and this practice, associated with ruzi grass grown as a cover crop and the use of triple superphosphate applied to soybean furrows, results in higher use of P by soybeans.

Physicochemical Properties of Cornelian Cherry Fruit (Cornus mas L.) Grown in Qazvin province, Iran

ABSTRACT Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) has high biological and antioxidant activities. It has known for its tonic, analgesic and diuretic activities. In the present study physicochemical properties of cornelian cherry fruit collected from different areas of Qazvin province, Iran including total soluble sugar (TSS), total sugar (TS), pH, total acidity (TA), TSS/TA, dry matter, ash, flesh/seed, length (L), width (W), L/W, fruit mass and fruit weight have been investigated. Total sugar (8.83 g.Kg-1), TSS/TA ratio (14.47), dry matter (%20.71), fruit/seed ratio (5.02), fruit mass (2.16) and fruit weight (2.59) measurements of the examined cornelian cherry in the present study were lower than those reported by other researchers for cornelian cherry in the other countries. However, total soluble solid (%17.61) and ash (%0.71) content of the examined cornelian cherry were higher than those reported by other researchers. Among measured physicochemical properties evaluated for cornelian cherry, TA (%1.24), pH (3.1), length (20.9 mm) and width (13.85 mm) measurements were similar to those reported for cornelian cherry in the other studies. Cornelian cherry fruit samples collected from different areas of Qazvin province showed different properties. The variations between physicochemical properties measured for cornelian cherry fruit samples were may attributed to different genotypes of the fruit and its cultivation and growth conditions.

Eficiência do uso da radiação solar e índices morfofisiológicos em cultivares de feijoeiro

A cultura do feijoeiro apresenta ampla adaptação edafoclimática, o que permite o seu cultivo durante todo o ano. Contudo, para obterem-se bons patamares de rendimento econômico, é fundamental compreender os processos que afetam o crescimento e desenvolvimento da cultura, em diversos ambientes. Este estudo objetivou comparar duas cultivares de feijoeiro (BRS Radiante e Pérola), contrastantes no ciclo e hábito de crescimento, por meio de índices morfofisiológicos e eficiência de uso da radiação solar. Determinaram-se as seguintes características: coeficiente de extinção de luz, eficiência no uso da radiação, desenvolvimento fenológico, índice de área foliar, massa de matéria seca total, taxa de crescimento da cultura, taxa de crescimento relativo e partição da massa de matéria seca. A cultivar BRS Radiante apresenta maior vigor, quando comparada à cultivar Pérola, devido ao desenvolvimento fenológico inicial mais rápido e maiores taxas de crescimento inicial e relativo. As cultivares não diferem quanto ao coeficiente de extinção de luz, embora apresentem diferença quanto ao índice de área foliar e arquitetura da parte aérea. A cultivar BRS Radiante apresenta maior eficiência de uso da radiação solar, resultando em maior produção de matéria seca ao longo do seu desenvolvimento.

Effects of grass hay proportion in a corn silage-based diet on rumen digesta kinetics and digestibility in dairy cows.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of six levels of orchardgrass hay (GH) proportion (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50% of dry matter) in finely chopped corn silage (CS)-based diets on digesta kinetics of CS and GH in the rumen. Six non-lactating, rumen-cannulated Holstein cows were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Ruminal digesta kinetics was measured by ruminal dosing of feed particle markers (dysprosium for CS, erbium for GH) followed by fecal sampling. The increase of GH proportion had a quadratic effect (P < 0.01) on total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber. The proportion of GH did not affect the particle size distribution of rumen digesta, total weight of dry matter or NDF in the rumen. The rates of large particle size reduction in the rumen for CS tended to increase linearly with increasing GH proportion (P = 0.077). A quadratic effect (P < 0.05) was found with increasing the GH proportion for the ruminal passage rate of small GH particles, but not for CS particles. The results suggested that associative effects between CS and GH could be generated on rumen digesta kinetics when cows were fed a CS-based diet with an increased proportion of GH.

Soybean productivity under different grazing heights ofBrachiaria ruziziensisin an integrated crop-livestock system

The aim was to evaluate the effects of grazing height of Brachiaria ruziziensis on the production of straw, and the establishment and grain yield of a soybean crop, under an integrated crop-livestock system, on a typic dystrophic Red Latosol at the Experimental Farm of the Agronomic Institute of Paraná (IAPAR), in Xambrê, in the state of Paraná, Brazil (PR). The study was carried out between September of 2010 and April of 2012. The experimental design was of randomised blocks, in lots split over time, with five treatments and three replications. The following were determined for the Brachiaria ruziziensis: shoot dry matter weight, plant residue dry matter weight, and total dry matter weight (Brachiaria ruziziensis shoot weight + plant residue weight). Also determined were variables related to the yield of the soybean crop (number of plants per metre, plant height and grain productivity), for the crop years 2010/2011 and 2011/2012. Straw production is greater in areas of Brachiaria ruziziensis where there is no grazing compared to areas where grazing occurs; the high production seen in areas with greater grazing heights should also be noted. The final number of plants, plant height and productivity in the soybean were not affected by the grazing height of the Brachiaria ruziziensis.

Optimum leaf removal increases canopy apparent photosynthesis, 13C-photosynthate distribution and grain yield of maize crops grown at high density

Excising the upper leaves strata of maize crops cultivated at high stand densities could possibly optimize canopy architecture to achieve enhanced canopy apparent photosynthesis, a more favorable distribution of 13C-photosynthates to grain, and ultimately higher grain yields. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a leaf removal experiment in 2012 and 2013 growing seasons in Shandong, a province in the North China Plain. Jinhai5, a corn cultivar planted widely across China, was grown at a density of 105,000plantsha−1 until 3 days after silking (DAS), when plants were subjected to the removal of the uppermost and next leaves (S2), the four uppermost leaves (S4) or the six uppermost leaves (S6), with no leaf removal as control (S0). In the S2 treatment we found a longer duration of canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP) and green leaf area index (LAI), higher total dry matter weight at physiological maturity as well as greater harvest index (HI) compared to the control, whereas those in the excessive leaf removal treatments (S4 and S6) declined substantially. In addition, modification of the number of leaves above the ear leaf led to different patterns of allocation of 13C-photosynthates. Excising two leaves promoted the distribution of 13C-photosynthates to grains, while that allocation decreased in the S4 and S6 treatments, which can be interpreted as a result of increased retention of 13C-photosynthates in the stem and ear bracts. Plants in S2 treatment displayed a yield advantage under high plant density due to higher kernel weight and more harvested ears. Relative to control, plants in the S2 treatment had 15% and 12% higher grain yields in 2012 and 2013, respectively. However, the removal of four or six leaves at the very early grain filling period, when kernel sink capacity is being established, caused a marked reduction in yields due to decreased both kernel number per plant and kernel weight, despite a relatively higher biomass availability per kernel. In conclusion, excising two leaves (the uppermost and next leaves) of maize crops cultivated at high plant density delayed leaf senescence, enhanced canopy photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation, leading to a higher post-silking source–sink ratio with its positive impact on kernel weight and higher grain yield.

Nutritive and bioactive compounds in hot fruits of Capsicum annuum L. from Macedonia

&lt;p&gt;In the pericarp, placenta and seed of red hot pepper fruits (&lt;em&gt;Capsicum annuum&lt;/em&gt; L. ssp. &lt;em&gt;microcarpum&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;longum&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;conoides&lt;/em&gt; convar. Horgoska), the quantity of proteins, minerals, cellulose and reductive sugars, as well as the quantity of capsaicinoids and carotenoids was determined.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The protein content in pericarp, seed and placenta was 14.13%, 20.88%, and 25.19% from the total dry matter weight (DM), respectively. The pericarp was the richest in cellulose (26.37% DM) compared to the cellulose content in the seed (22.66% DM) and pericarp (15.05% DM). The average quantity of potassium and magnesium in seed was 5209 and 4176 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; DM. The largest quantity of coloured substances expressed in the capsanthin content (0.42 g 100 g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; DM) was determined in pericarp. Capsaicin content in DM weight of pericarp, seed and placenta was 5.38 mg g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, 2.36 mg g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; and 10.48 mg g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively. The Scoville hot value of 109 923 SHU calculated in the pericarp revealed that this pepper variety can be qualified as very pungent. The high contents of total capsaicinoids in the placenta (16.91 mg g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; DM) and in the seed, (3.51 mg g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; DM) were determined. Although are designated as not edible parts of hot red pepper fruits, placenta and seed are promising source for obtaining of valuable nutritive and biological compounds confirmed by the results of this study.&lt;/p&gt;

Evaluation Forage Clipping Stages and Different Levels of Nitrogen on Grain and Forage Yields of TRITICALE (&amp;#215; TRITICOSECALE WITTMACK)

In order to reach suitable forage clipping and estimate nitrogen fertilizer to most economical proficiency, an experiment was carried out at Saatlo Station in 2008-2009 seasons. A factorial experiment was done based on the randomized complete blocks design with 4 replications. The first factor was three levels of clipping stages including non-clipping, clipping at tillering and booting stages. Different levels of nitrogen fertilizer including 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg/ha were arranged at the second factor. Results showed that non-clipping and clipping at booting stage with 610.5 and 203.1 g/m2 had the most and the lowest grain yield, respectively. The highest economical proficiency (3743.06 $/ha) resulted with using 80 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer and non-clipping. With considering both forage and grain yield, it is necessary that the clipping should be done at tillering stage with using of 120 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer (3336.56 $/ha). At regression of economical proficiency traits of grain yield, straw and total dry matter remained at the final model. Economical proficiency had the significant positive correlation with spike per square meter (0.87**), grain yield (0.64**), total dry matter (0.65**), plant height (0.52**) and 1000-kernal weight (0.54**).

Effect of Composted Rock Phosphate with Organic Materials on Yield and Phosphorus Uptake of Berseem and Maize

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of composts prepared from different organic materials with rock phosphate (RP) on yield and P uptake of berseem and their residual effect on maize crop (cv. Azam) during 2011-2012. Composts prepared from RP fed farm yard manure (FYM), simple FYM, organic waste and city garbage were applied at the rate based on their P concentrations. Composts significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased total dry matter weight of Berseem in first and second cut over control. Residual effect of the prepared composts was determined on yield and plant P uptake of maize in the same layout of Berseem. Maximum and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher maize grain yield, total dry matter yield and stover yield of 3161 kg·ha-1, 9633 kg·ha-1 and 6472 kg·ha-1, respectively were recorded by the residual effect of compost of organic waste with half dose of SSP. Thousand grains weight of 220 g was noted in the treatment of residual effect of compost of RP fed FYM with half dose of SSP. Post harvest soil N and P concentrations improved with composting. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) increases in N and P uptake by berseem and maize plants were observed with added composts. Results suggest that the use of composts prepared from different organic materials with RP is environmental friendly and has potential to improve crops yield and plants N and P uptakes for a prolonged time.

Influence of fungicides and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza on growth and nutrient balance of soybean by used DRIS equation

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of mycorrhiza, fungicides in difference concentration and there combination on growth and nutrients balance index of soya bean. Tow AM treatments including with and with out mycorrhiza and tow fungicides (parasmid and ant-arcol) each of them including four concentration (0.0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 Kg·donum-1) were tested in factorial completely randomized design in the three replication. The results indicates that the higher value of total dry matter weight was recorded from combination treatment (F1M1C1) which attained 11.09 gm·pot-1 ,while the lower value 2.25 gm·pot-1 was produced by combination treatment (F2M2C3) ,however the same combination treatments was showed that the nitrogen ,phosphorus ,magnesium and iron in the shoot tissues in the mycorrhizal plant with lower concentration of fungicides were significantly greater (P -1, 251.00 mg·K-1) was recorded. The result of nutrient index and nutrient balance index revealed that the lower NBI (56.18) was recorded in combination treatments (F1M1C1), while the higher NBI (2033.81) was produced from combination treatments (F2M2C3), moreover the results shows significant negative correlation ship between NBI and total dry matter weight (r = -0.63*) .

Screening of Sunflower Genotypes for Drought Tolerance Based on Certain Morpho-Physiological Parameters

A study was conducted to screen twenty nine sunflower genotypes for tolerance to drought under field conditions based on morpho - physiological characteristics. Moisture stress treatment was imposed at flower bud initiation stage (irrigation withheld for 20 days from 40 DAS to 60 DAS) where as, control plots were irrigated at 10 days intervals throughout the crop growth period. Results revealed that water stress showed repressing effect on plant height, total leaf area, SPAD chlorphyll meter reading, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), total dry matter weight at harvest, capitulum diameter per plant, capitulum weight per plant, seed yield per plant, drought susceptibility index and harvest index. However, genotypic variation was significant for characters studied. Based on drought susceptibility index and various morpho- physiological traits, eight genotypes viz., TSF-103, RSF-107, TSF-106, ASF-104, DSF-104, SH- 491, RSF-106 and DSF-111 were selected as promising lines under water limited situation. These lines may further be used in stress physiology studies and drought resistance breeding.

Crescimento de mudas de Gonçalo-Alves (Astronium fraxinifolium) sob diferentes fontes e doses de nitrogênio

A degradação do cerrado e a perda de sua biodiversidade demandam a revegetação de áreas desse bioma, onde existem espécies com potencial de uso econômico e ambiental pouco conhecidos. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes e doses de nitrogênio sobre o crescimento de mudas de Gonçalo-Alves (Astronium fraxinifolium), espécie arbórea nativa do cerrado ameaçada de extinção. O experimento foi realizado em estufa na UNESP/Campus de Ilha Solteira. O solo utilizado (Latossolo Vermelho) foi coletado na profundidade de 0,0 a 0,20 m, em Selvíria (MS). As fontes de nitrogênio utilizadas ((NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3 e Ca(NO3)2) foram aplicadas nas doses de 0; 50; 100; 150 e 200 mg dm-3. O N aplicado na forma de Ca(NO3)2 apresentou melhor resultado para o solo utilizado. O crescimento das mudas de Gonçalo-Alves não foi influenciado pelas diferentes fontes de N, mas respondeu às doses. A altura da planta, o diâmetro do coleto, o teor de clorofila foliar, o peso da matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, o peso seco total, bem como o IQD e a razão entre o peso da matéria seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, apresentaram valor máximo para doses que variaram de 59,0 a 72,5 mg dm-3 de N, permitindo sugerir a dose de 72,5 mg dm-3 de N como suficiente para o crescimento satisfatório de mudas de Gonçalo-Alves.

Effect of different moisture and shade regimes on the growth of D x P ex Kusi oil palm seedlings

The effect of three moisture levels and three shade regimes on the growth of D x P ex Kusi oil palm seedlings was investigated at the Oil Palm Research Institute, Kusi between July 1998 and February 2000 in a factorial experiment laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications. The moisture treatments investigated were W1 (50-60 % field capacity), W2 (65-75 % field capacity) and W3 (80-90 % field capacity). The shade treatments investigated were S1 (0 % shade), S2 (50 % shade) and S3 (75 % shade). Data was collected on leaf number per plant, plant height, butt circumference and leaf area as well as dry weight of plant parts and total dry matter. There were significant effects due to shade and shade x moisture interactions on seedling growth. Seedlings under 50% shade (50% full sunlight) in combination with low moisture supply (50-60% field capacity) were comparable in growth to those under 0% shade (100% full sunlight) with high moisture supply (80-90% field capacity). During the dry season when water is scarce, the application of up to 50% shade (50% full sunlight) in combination with reduced watering (50-60% field capacity) at the nursery will not adversely affect the growth of D x P oil palm seedlings.

Produção de mudas de mamoeiro utilizando Bokashi e Lithothamnium

O trabalho teve o objetivo avaliar o crescimento de mudas de mamoeiro do grupo Solo, sob diferentes doses dos fertilizantes naturais bokashi e pó de algas marinhas (Lithothamnium sp). O substrato utilizado foi a mistura de terra, areia e composto orgânico (3:2:1, v/v). Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro doses do fertilizante bokashi (0; 3; 6; 10%, v/v) e quatro doses do fertilizante lithothamnium (0; 3; 6; 10 g L-1), adicionados ao substrato, antes do enchimento das sacolas. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos inteiramente casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4x4, com quatro repetições e cinco plantas por parcela experimental. Foram realizadas avaliações aos 15; 30; 60 e 100 dias após a semeadura, sendo elas: emergência (%), número de folhas, comprimento da parte aérea e da raiz (cm), massa seca da parte aérea, da raiz e total (mg). Houve interação significativa dos fatores testados para o comprimento da parte aérea, aos sessenta e cem dias após a semeadura; efeito isolado do bokashi para todas as variáveis analisadas, exceto na emergência, comprimento da parte aérea e número de folhas aos trinta dias após a semeadura. O uso conjugado dos fertilizantes mostrou efeito positivo na precocidade e altura da planta, podendo ser recomendado na formulação de substratos para a produção de mudas de mamoeiro do grupo Solo.

Parâmetros morfológicos de mudas de Sesbania virgata (Caz.) Pers e de Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) cultivadas em substrato fertilizado com composto de lixo urbano

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do composto de lixo urbano nos parâmetros morfológicos de mudas de sesbânia e de angico. Os substratos de cultivo tiveram as seguintes proporções de composto e de amostras de subsolo de Neossolo Quartzarênico ou de Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (%): 0:100; 20:80; 40:60; 60:40 e 80:20, sem a utilização de fertilização mineral. As sementes de sesbânia foram inoculadas com a estirpe recomendada BR 5401. Os parâmetros morfológicos das mudas de sesbânia e angico, suas relações e índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD) foram determinados aos 56 e 120 dias após a semeadura, respectivamente para cada espécie. Os efeitos dos substratos nos parâmetros morfológicos das mudas de sesbânia e angico variaram de acordo com as proporções do substrato. Para o angico, a adição do composto proporcionou aumento na altura da parte aérea, razão entre massa seca de parte aérea por massa seca de raiz e IQD. Para sesbânia, a adição do composto de lixo ao substrato proporcionou aumento na altura da parte aérea, diâmetro do coleto, massa seca de raiz, da parte aérea e total, razão entre massa seca da parte aérea por massa seca de raiz, IQD e número de nódulos. A obtenção de máxima produção de matéria seca total, diâmetro do coleto e IQD foi de 57:43, sendo, portanto, esta a proporção composta de lixo:solo recomendada para a produção de mudas de sesbânia.