Stalk Weight Research Articles

Utilization of Chrysanthemum Leaf Extract and Molasses in the Cultivation of Chrysanthemum Cut Flowers

This research aims to determine the effect of extraction of chrysanthemum and molasses leaves and their interactions on growth and yield in the cultivation of chrysanthemum cut flowers. The research method uses a randomized block design of factorial patterns with two factors, namely: extract of chrysanthemum leaves consisting of four levels each: 250 g l-1, 500 g l-1, 750 g l-1 and 1000 g l-1, as well as molasses consists of three levels respectively: 5 ml l-1, 10 ml l-1 and 15 ml l-1. The combination treatment of 12 was repeated 3 replications. The results showed that the interaction between the extraction of chrysanthemum leaves and molasses had not significantly affected on all the observed variables. The extraction treatment of chrysanthemum leaves has a significant effect (P˂0.05) to very significant (P ˂ 0.01) on all observed variables except at maximum plant height and stem diameter. The extraction treatment of chrysanthemum leaves 1000 g l-1 resulted in the average fresh weight of flower stalks and the highest economic fresh weight of 133.67 g and 110.27g respectively. There was an increase in yield by 24.99% and 26.71% when it was compared to the lowest treatment. Molasses treatment exerts a significant effect (P ˂ 0.05) to a very significant (P ˂ 0.01) influence on all observed variables, except on the diameter of the rod. Molasses treatment of 15 ml l-1 resulted in an average fresh weight of flower stalks and the highest economic fresh weight of 120.79 g and 94.51 g compared to the lowest treatment, and there was an increase in yield by 11.86% and 25.51% compared to the lowest treatment

Bacillus subtilis Inoculation Improves Nutrient Uptake and Physiological Activity in Sugarcane under Drought Stress.

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Throughout the sugarcane’s growth stages, periods of drought are common, causing detrimental effects on plant growth. Therefore, the search for strategies for minimizing the impact of drought on sugarcane development is of great interest. Plant growth-promoting bacteria hold the potential for improving tolerance to drought in agricultural systems. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate whether inoculation with Bacillus subtilis can reduce the negative effects of drought on the nutritional, physiological, and morphological characteristics of sugarcane plants. For this, sugarcane was cultivated in a greenhouse, under controlled conditions of water and temperature, with the aid of four treatments: without and with inoculation of B. subtilis, in normal conditions of water availability, and in conditions of water restriction (2 × 2 factorial), with four replications. In treatments with inoculation, the pre-emerged seedlings were immersed in a B. subtilis solution and transplanted into experimental pots. Our results showed that inoculation with B. subtilis improved plant nutrition and chlorophyll concentrations. As a result, the gas exchange parameters (especially net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency) were also improved, even under drought conditions. In addition, stress parameters (antioxidant metabolism activity) were reduced in inoculated plants. The sum of these beneficial effects resulted in increased root growth, tillering, stalk weight, and higher sucrose concentration in the stalks.

Heterosis Studies in Sweet Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] for Bio-ethanol and Its Related Traits

Sweet sorghum is a potential multipurpose crop for food, feed, and fuel. The present investigation was conducted to study the possibility of exploiting heterosis in breeding for improved ethanol yield in sweet sorghum. A total of sixteen F1 hybrids crossed in L x T fashion, 8 parents (4lines x 4 testers) and check CSH-22S were evaluated in 3 locations of A.P namely., Agricultural college farm, Bapatla; Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur; Agricultural Research Station, Garikapadu in RBD fashion for days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of nodes per plant, stem girth, fresh stalk weight, panicle weight, 1000 grain weight, juice yield, brix %, total soluble sugars, ethanol yield and grain yield. The range of heterosis over mid parent, better parent and commercial check indicated that it was high with respect to ethanol productivity related traits particularly juice yield and brix per cent. However, it was deviating for days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, number of nodes per plant, plant height, and 1000 grain weight which has shown negative heterosis. In hybrids, there is an improvement in the juice, brix per cent and ethanol yield, but heterosis is limited for 1000 grain weight and ultimately grain yield. Out of 16 hybrids, six hybrids have performed well in respect of juice yield, brix and ethanol yield.

Morphological, agronomical, physiological and molecular characterization of a high sugar mutant of sugarcane in comparison to mother variety.

Sugarcane is a significant crop plant with the capability of accumulating higher amount of sucrose. In the present study, a high sucrose content sugarcane mutant clone, GXB9, has been studied in comparison to the low sucrose mother clone B9 on morphological, agronomical and physiological level in order to scrutinize the variation because of mutation in GXB9 in field under normal environmental condition. The results showed that GXB9 has less germination, tillering rate, stalk height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, number of internodes, internode length and internode diameter than B9. Qualitative traits of leaf and stalk displayed significant variation between GXB9 and B9. Endogenous hormones quantity was also showed variation between the two clones. The relative SPAD reading and chlorophyll a, b concentrations also showed variation between GXB9 and B9. The photosynthetic parameter analysis indicated that the GXB9 has significantly higher net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) than B9. The qRT-PCR analysis of genes encoding enzymes like SPS, SuSy, CWIN, and CeS showed upregulation in GXB9 and downregulation in B9. However, these genes were significantly differentially expressed between the immature and maturing internodes of GXB9. The cane quality trait analysis showed that GXB9 had higher juice rate, juice gravity purity, brix, juice sucrose content and cane sucrose content than B9. The yield and component investigation results indicated that GXB9 had lower single stalk weight, however higher number of millable stalks per hectare than B9, and GXB9 had lower theoretical cane yield than B9. SSR marker analysis showed genetic variation between GXB9 and B9. This study has shown significant variation in the traits of GXB9 in comparison to B9 which advocates that GXB9 is a high sugar mutant clone of B9 and an elite source for future breeding.

Sugarcane-Peanut Intercropping System Enhances Bacteria Abundance, Diversity, and Sugarcane Parameters in Rhizospheric and Bulk Soils.

Sugarcane–legume intercropping systems can effectively control pests and diseases as well as improve the fertility and health of farmland soil. However, little is known about the response of bacterial abundance, diversity, and community composition in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils under the sugarcane–peanut farming system. A field experiment was conducted with two treatments: sugarcane monoculture and sugarcane–peanut intercropping to examine the response of sugarcane parameters and edaphic factors. We also deciphered bacterial abundance, diversity, and community composition in the root endosphere, rhizosphere, and bulk soil by leveraging Illumina sequencing to conduct the molecular characterization of the 16S rRNA gene and nitrogenase (nifH) gene. We observed that sugarcane–peanut intercropping exhibited the advantages of tremendously increasing cane stalk height, stalk weight, and millable stalk number/20 m, and edaphic factors, namely, pH (1.13 and 1.93), and available phosphorus exhibited a fourfold and sixfold increase (4.66 and 6.56), particularly in the rhizosphere and bulk soils, respectively. Our result also showed that the sugarcane–peanut intercropping system significantly increased the bacterial richness of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data by 13.80 and 9.28% in the bulk soil and rhizosphere soil relative to those in the monocropping sugarcane system, respectively. At the same time, sugarcane intercropping with peanuts significantly increased the Shannon diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the sugarcane rhizosphere soil. Moreover, most edaphic factors exhibited a positive regularity effect on bacterial community composition under the intercropping system. A linear discriminant analysis with effect size analysis of the 16S rRNA sequencing data revealed that bacteria in the root endosphere of the intercropped cane proliferated profoundly, primarily occupied by Devosia, Rhizobiales, Myxococcales, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Sphingomonas. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that sugarcane–peanut intercropping can enhance edaphic factors, sugarcane parameters, and bacterial abundance and diversity without causing adverse impacts on crop production and soil.

Registration of ‘L 12‐201’ sugarcane

Abstract‘L 12‐201’ (Reg. no. CV‐206, PI 699125) sugarcane (an interspecific hybrid of Saccharum spp.) was released on 10 Apr. 2019 for commercial production in the Louisiana sugar industry. L 12‐201 was derived from a cross between the female parent ‘L 97‐128’ and the male parent ‘HoCP 96‐540’. Early‐stage selection through the seedling and two unreplicated clonal stages by researchers at the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center culminated in the assignment of a permanent varietal designation in 2012. Thereafter, the experimental variety was further evaluated cooperatively with personnel from the USDA‐ARS at Houma and the American Sugar Cane League, Inc., at Thibodaux, LA, through several stages at multiple locations. In the final testing stage, data were collected from 60 replicated, combine‐harvested trials at 12 representative light‐ and heavy‐textured soil locations. Averaged across the plant‐cane crop, the sucrose content, cane yield, and sugar yield were significantly (P < .05) higher in L 12‐201 than in ‘L 01‐299’, the most widely grown cultivar in the Louisiana sugar industry. In the first‐ and second‐ratoon crops, L 12‐201 had significantly (P < .05) less cane yield and sugar yield than L 01‐299, but sucrose content was not significantly different between L 12‐201 and L 01‐299. When averaged across the light‐textured versus heavy‐textured soil locations, no significant differences in performance were found for L 12‐201 in any of the traits measured. The new cultivar had a lower stalk population and greater stalk weight compared with L 01‐299, especially in the ratoon crops. L 12‐201 is a mid‐maturing cultivar. Whenever possible, L 12‐201 should be harvested before the arrival of subfreezing temperatures because it is among the least cold tolerant cultivars in the industry. L 12‐201 is resistant to sorghum mosaic, smut, leaf scald, and ratoon stunt; moderately resistant to brown rust; and susceptible to yellow leaf and the sugarcane borer.

VARIETIES, POULTRY MANURE AND FERTILIZER INFLUENCE ON THE GROWTH AND FIBRE QUALITY OF KENAF (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)

<p> </p><p><strong>Background</strong>: The quality of fibre in kenaf is variety and soil fertility dependent. <strong>Objective:</strong> The study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, during the 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons to determine the effects of poultry manure and NPK fertilizer on soil properties and fibre quality of four varieties of kenaf <em>(Hibiscus cannabinus</em> L.). <strong>Methodology</strong>: The experiment was laid out as a split-split plot design and replicated four times. The main plot was the years, and the subplots were the four varieties of kenaf (Cuba-108, Ifeken-100, Ifeken-400, and Tainuug 2), and the sub-sub plot was the four rates of poultry manure (0, 5, 10, 15 t/ha) and NPK fertilizer (300 kg/ha). Data were collected on plant height, the number of leaves, stalk girth, stalk weight per net plot and per hectare, fibre weight per hectare and fibre quality (ultimate strength, fibre elongation, and fibre strain). Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) Genstat software package, and significant means were separated using the New Duncan Multiple Range test at a 5% probability level. <strong>Result</strong>: The 2018 sowing showed no superior growth, yield and fibre attributes compared to the 2019 sowing. Cuba-108 had the best growth, fibre yield, and quality with poultry manure at 15t/ha compared to NPK fertilizer at 300kg/ha. <strong>Implications</strong>: The variability in climatic elements during the study period was of no concern compared to soil factors which was the primary determinant of fibre quality irrespective of variety. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The use of Cuba-108 cultivar and poultry manure at the rate of 15t/ha improved the growth and fibre quality of kenaf in this locality, thus saving foreign exchange, which could have been used in the importation of fibre.</p>

Yield test of newly collected genotypes of sugarcane under the dry agro-ecological condition

At present, the majority (>80%) of sugarcane cultivation in Indonesia is done in dry areas. The development of tolerant variety to dry agro-ecological conditions is one of the strategies to increase sugar production. To start with several genotypes from germplasm collections were assessed for their yield potential under dry ecological conditions. The research was carried out in dry land to test the yield performance of twelve potential genotypes of different maturity and two standard varieties. The research was done at Asembagus, Situbondo, East Java using a randomized block design with three replications. Plot size was 5 m x 10 m, whereas the distance from center to center was 1 m. The parameters observed were plant height, stem diameter, no of stalks per meter row, stalk weight per kg, stalk weight (cane yield) per hectare (TCH), sucrose content (CCS), and sugar yield per ha (SCH). Results revealed that genotypes affected the growth and yield performances of the crop. None of the late-maturing genotypes surpassed the yield of the control varieties. Genotypes PI-Pringu and PI-CYZ of early maturing types were found promising; their SCH values were up to 14 % higher than the control early maturing Variety (PS 881).

Physiological and bio chemical modification through bio inducer in tube rose infected with root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)

The main aim for this study is to investigate on physiological and bio chemical modification through bio inducer in tube rose infected with root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Two pot culture experiments was carried out during 2015-2018 for assessment of bio chemicals changes induced by selected bio stimulant in tube rose infected with root knot nematode, M. incognita. In this study bulbs of tuberose var. prajwalwas planted at the rate of 1 bulb/pot with three replications and each replication consist of two pots. The juveniles (1juvinile/g of soil) was inoculated under controlled condition. The pots wastreated with ascorbic acid - corm soaking (24hrs)+ foliar spray (45 and 90 DAP) with various concentration viz.,250 ppm,500 ppm and 1000 ppm, Humic Acid - corm Soaking (24hrs)+ foliar spray (45 and 90 DAP) 1,2 and 3 per cent, salicylic acid - corm soaking (24hrs)+ foliar spray (45 and 90 DAP) 50 ppm, 100ppm and200 ppm, monocrotophos 0.2% - corm soaking (24hrs)+ foliar spray (45 & 90 DAP). Field experiments was conducted at farm of RRS, Paiyur during the period of 2016-2017. The best performed five treatments were callout from pot culture experiments I and II and further experiment was conducted at field conditions in split plot (3mX3m) with three replications. The standard cultural practices were followed as recommended by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Coimbatore. The observation viz., Stalk length (Cm), Inflorescences length (cm), Stalk weight (g), Total number of florets, Nematode population in root(5g), Nematode population in soil (200cc), gall index and yield were recorded.

Morfološki diverzitet i PCA genotipova šećerne trske (Saccharum officinarum L.) u Finchaa Sugar Estate, Etiopija

This study was conducted to assess the extent of morphological variation, cluster the genotypes into relatively homogenous groups and to identify the major characters contributing to the overall diversity of 22 exotic sugarcane genotypes at Finchaa Sugar Estate. The experimental design used was RCBD laid in three replications. Quantitative traits such as number of internodes, millable stalk, plant height, stalk girth, single cane weight, cane yield, brix percent juice, pol percent, sugar recovery percentage and sugar yield were investigated. ANOVA indicated the existence of high phenotypic and genetic diversity between genotypes for all quantitative traits studied which could be utilized for further sugarcane improvement. The principal component analysis for the genotypes exhibited variance of 43.12%, 18.8% and 13.71% for the first three categories and accounts about 75.63% of the total variation and the juice quality traits showed greater loading for the variation in the first principal component category. Cluster analysis grouped genotypes in to five distinct classes with maximum number of genotypes (7) in cluster II and minimum (1) in cluster V. In the first cluster six sugarcane genotypes were included this accounted 27.27% of the investigated materials which had been categorized by high cane length and single stalk weight. The second cluster which accounts 31.82% of the materials were characterized by lower cane length and single stalk weight. Recoverable sugar percent had almost zero correlation with cane length, millable stalk count and sugar yield (r= 0.02, 0.02 and-0.01 respectively) indicating the possibility of simultaneous improvement of these traits.

Fenotipska procena deset genotipova šećerne trske (Saccharum officinarum L.) u Finča Sugar Estate, Etiopija

The aim of the study was to evaluate ten introduced sugarcane genotypes for yield and juice quality in three successive crop cycles at Finchaa Sugar Estate, Ethiopia. Eight sugarcane genotypes were grown from December 2016 to May 2020 laid in a CRBD with three replications. Data were collected for number of internodes, millable stalk, plant height, stalk girth, single cane weight, cane yield, brix percent juice, pol percent, and sugar recovery percentage and sugar yield. The collected data was subjected to analysis of variance with the help of statistical analysis system software and treatment means were separated using least significance difference method at 5% level of significance. Analysis of variance for the three crop cycles indicated the existence of variation between genotypes in all quantitative traits. In the mean comparisons of traits for the three crop cycles, the genotype CP 96 12 52 had the highest number of millable stalks and VMC 96 273 and MPT 96 035 produced the highest cane thickness and single stalk weights. Considering sugar yield the best sugarcane genotypes were N 14, CP 96 1252, CPCL 02 926 and VMC 96 89 respectively. N 14 was the highest performed variety in cane and sugar yield, but its sugar recovery percent performance was very low (10.32%). However, CP 96 1252, CPCL 02 926 and VMC 96 89 had the highest sugar recovery percentage 12.93%, 14% and 12.15% respectively and had been recommended for timely seed increase for verification in large plots at Finchaa Sugar Estate.

Potensi Produksi dan Mutu Benih serta Produksi Biomassa Sorghum bicolor Varietas Samurai 2 pada Umur Panen Berbeda sebagai Bahan Pakan

Sorghum bicolor var. Samurai 2 can be used as raw material in silage production for ruminant feed. The problem encountered is the difficulty of obtaining certified seeds for commercial sorghum production. So that is necessary to do this research to investigate potential sorghum seed production and its quality of Sorghum bicolor var. Samurai 2. The study was conducted at University Research Station-Jonggol Animal Education and Research Unit, Bogor Agricultural University. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 5 replicates. Five individual plants were taken to measure the variables at each treatment set. The treatments consisted of different harvesting times, namely P95 (harvested 95 days after planting), P100, P105 and P110. The variables observed were dry weight of shelled seeds, seed weight per panicle, weight of panicle stalk, panicle weight, seed production per ha, seed moisture content, seed viability test, and shoot biomass production per ha. The results showed that seed production per ha, panicle dry matter weight, fresh seed moisture content, panicle stalk dry weight was not significantly different. Dry weight of shelled seeds, dry weight of seeds per panicle, panicle dry weight, seed viability, weight of biomass per ha were significantly different (p<0.05). The potential for the production of shelled seeds, dry matter of seeds per panicle was the best in the P105 and P110, the viability of the seeds in the P105 and shoot biomass production per ha in the P105. The potential for shelled seed production (4038 kg ha-1), seed dry weight per panicle (54.87 g panicle-1), seed viability (92.8%) and the best biomass production (55.88 tons ha-1) were in treatment P105.
 Key words: seed production, shoot biomass, Sorghum bicolor, viability

Effect of plot size and plant spatial arrangement on the efficiency of family selection in sugarcane

The purpose of this study was to identify the ideal sample size representing a family in its potential, to identify superior families and, in parallel, determine in which spatial arrangement they may have a better accuracy in the selection of new varieties of sugarcane. For such purpose, five families of full-sibs were evaluated, each with 360 individuals, in the randomized blocks design, with three replications in three different spacing among plants in the row (50 cm, 75 cm, and 100 cm) and 150 cm between the rows. To determine the ideal sample size, as well as the better spacing for evaluation, the bootstrap method was adopted. It was observed that 100 cm spacings provided the best average for the stalk numbers, stalk diameter and for estimated weight of stalks in the stool. The spacing of 75 cm between the plants allowed a better power of discrimination among the families for all characters evaluated. At this 75 cm spacing was also possible to identify superior families with a sample of 30 plants each plot and 3 reps in the trial. Highlights The bootstrap method was efficient to determine the ideal sample size, as well as the best spacing for evaluation. The 75-cm spacing had the highest power of discrimination among families, indicating that this spacing is the most efficient in evaluating sugarcane families for selection purposes. From all the results and considering selective accuracy as the guiding parameter for decision making, the highest values obtained considering the number of stalks and weight of stalks in the stools were found at the 75-cm spacing.

Growth And Yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Varities in Sokoto Sudan Savanna of Nigeria

Field trial was carried out during the 2019 rainy season (June to October) at the Dryland Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto to determine the growth and yield of sorghum varieties in the study area. The treatments consisted of five (5) sorghum varieties (Samsorg 45, Samsorg 46, Janjari, Yartawa and Jardawa), the treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three (3) times. Data were collected on the growth and yield of the crop. Janjari and Jardawa varieties were higher in plant height. Jardawa and Yartawa varieties were higher in number of leaves. Janjari and Yartawa varieties were higher in total dry weight. Janjari, Jardawa and Yartawa varieties were higher in harvest index. Yartawa variety was higher in leaf area, leaf area index and 1000-grain weight. Jardawa variety was higher in panicle length. Janjari variety was early in number of days to heading, flowering, and maturity and was higher in dry stalk weight. The grain yield (249 – 1506kg ha-1 ) was higher in Janjari and Yartawa varieties (1268 – 1506 kg ha-1). Based on the findings of this research, it could be concluded that Janjari and Yartawa varieties performed better than other varieties in the study area.

Respons tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) terhadap aplikasi konsorsium biostimulan di tiga tipologi lahan

The consortium biostimulant combines several types of biostimulant applied holistically, such as phytohormones to induce physiological processes, humic acid to improve nutrition intake and land fertility, and biofertilizer arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve abiotic stress tolerance. The objectives of this research were to analyze the effect of application consortium biostimulant on the growth and productivity of Bululawang sugarcane variety planted in three land typologies, i.e. irrigated heavy soil with good drainage (BPL), irrigated heavy soil with poor drainage (BPJ), and rainfed light soil with good drainage (RHL). The research was conducted on plant cane (PC) sugarcane areal in Lumajang Regency, East Java, from July 2019 to September 2020. The treatment plot area was 1 ha for each land typologies, and the observation were conducted on 10 m plant row with ten times replications. Each treatment was replicated ten times. The results showed that the application of consortium biostimulant could induce faster growth of sugarcane shoots and better roots at one month after planting (MAP). Stalk height and diameter showed significantly different values between treatment and control at the plant age 6 to 12 MAP. In addition, the sugarcane stalk weight per meter row also increases by 13.72 – 28.57%. The growth performance of sugarcane on a commercial scale increased, also sugarcane productivity increased by 11.08 – 20.36%. The potential sugar yield increased by 15.05% in BPL land typology, 4.9% in BPJ land typology, and 9.7% in RHL land typology. The difference in land typologies affected the effectiveness of the consortium biostimulant application in increasing sugarcane productivity.

Registration of ‘CP 13‐1223’ sugarcane for Florida organic soils

Abstract‘CP 13‐1223’ (Reg. no. CV‐204, PI 698176) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) was released to growers in June 2020 for producing on muck soils in Florida. It was developed through a decade‐long cooperative research program between the USDA‐ARS, the University of Florida Everglades Research and Education Center, and the Florida Sugar Cane League, Inc. This cultivar resulted from a poly‐cross made at the USDA‐ARS Canal Point (CP) Sugarcane Field Station. CP 13‐1223 was released because of its high commercial recoverable sucrose (CRS) and stalk weight, and demonstrated acceptable levels of cane and sucrose yields on muck soils. CP 13‐1223 has resistance to orange rust, leaf scald, Sugarcane mosaic virus strain E, ratoon stunt disease, and smut, and moderate resistance to brown rust. Based on results from 13 harvests across replicated yield trials at five locations, CP 13‐1223 performed 29.6 and 9.5% higher in CRS and stalk weight, respectively, than the check cultivar ‘CP 96‐1252’. It did not differ significantly from CP 96‐1252 in either cane yield, sucrose yield, or economic profitability. CP 13‐1223 is considered to have moderate tolerance to freezing in field tests.

Effect of Organic Nutrients and Growth Regulators on Yield and Quality of Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L)

An Investigation was conducted to study the effect of organic inputs and growth regulators on yield and quality of goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) was conducted at the floricultural unit, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University during 2018. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with twelve treatments, various organic inputs and growth regulators including panchagavya @ 3%, vermiwash 1:5 dilutions, humic acid @ 0.2%, GA3 @ 250 ppm, NAA @ 250 ppm were applied. The yield and quality characters were studied at different stages. The observations recorded viz., yield of flower stalks/ha, days to first flowering, length of flower stalks and weight of individual flower stalks. The results revealed that plants treated with NAA @ 250 ppm + panchagavya @ 3% (T9) was observed highest flower stalk yield (1140.02 flower stalks/ha), No. of flower stalks/plant (24.48), weight of individual flower stalks, days to first flowering. Considering the overall performance, it was found that the plants treated with NAA @ 250ppm + Panchagavya @ 3% recorded better performance with regard to growth, yield and quality characters.

Impact of Plant Growth Regulators on Post Harvest Life of Cut Flowers of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii.B) cv. Goliath

The present investigation was carried out in premises of Biotechnology cum Tissue Culture Centre, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar during 2015-16 and 2016-17. The objective of the study was to standardize suitable bio regulators on post harvest life of gerbera cut flowers. Apart from control, eight treatments of growth regulators like Gibberellins (GA3) @ 100ppm and 150ppm; cycocel @ 700 ppm and 800 ppm with and without amino acid were used as foliar spray. In winter season percentage gain weight of flower stalk (19.95%), percentage gain in flower diameter (4.95%), solution uptake (33.17 ml) and vase life (13.83 days) were maximum with application of cycocel @ 700 ppm + Amino Acid while percentage gain in stalk length (1.28%) of flower in vase was maximum in Gibberellin @ 150ppm + Amino Acid. Similar trends in change in above post harvest parameters were also observed in summer and rainy season.

Growth and Results of Three Varieties Celery (Apium graveolens L) With Addition of Alternative Nutrition in the Hydroponic Floating System

The objectives of the research were to determine the best varieties of celery and nutrient concentration with the addition of azolla extract for growth and yield of celery, and obtaining the best combination of varieties and nutrient concentrations for growth and yield of celery in the hydroponic floating system. The research was conducted at Screen house number A. 24 and the Laboratory of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University and was conducted from January 2020 to April 2020. The research was arranged in a two-factorial randomized block design. The first factors were varieties treatment (V): V1 (Summer variety), V2 (Amigo variety), V3 (Tall Utah variety). The second factors were treatment of nutrient concentration (K): K1 (AB mix solution 900 ppm + azolla extract 60 ml / l), K2 (AB mix solution 1100 ppm + azolla extract 60 ml / l), K3 (AB mix solution 1300 ppm + azolla extract 60 ml / l), K4 (AB mix solution 1500 ppm without azolla extract). The research variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, amount of chlorophyll, fresh root weight, dry root weight, fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, root length and number of stalks. The results showed that the Tall Utah variety and the nutrient concentration of 1300 ppm + 60 ml / l azolla extract was the best treatment for growth and yield of celery. The interaction between the two treatments of Tall Utah varieties and nutrient concentrations of 1300 ppm + azolla extract 60ml / l showed the best treatment on the variable number of leaves 39.16, total chlorophyll 49.91, fresh root weight 7.57 g, dry root weight 0, 73 g, dry shoot weight 2.11 g, root length 9.11 cm, and the number of petioles 8.94 pieces.

Field microenvironments regulate crop diel transcript and metabolite rhythms.

Most research in plant chronobiology has been done in laboratory conditions. However, laboratories usually fail to mimic natural conditions and their slight fluctuations, highlighting or obfuscating rhythmicity. High-density crops, such as sugarcane (Saccharum hybrid), generate field microenvironments with specific light and temperature regimes resulting from mutual shading. We measured the metabolic and transcriptional rhythms in the leaves of 4-month-old (4mo) and 9mo field-grown sugarcane. Most of the assayed rhythms in 9mo sugarcane peaked >1h later than in 4mo sugarcane, including rhythms of the circadian clock gene, LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY). We hypothesized that older sugarcane perceives dawn later than younger sugarcane as a consequence of self-shading. As a test, we measured LHY rhythms in plants on the east and the west sides of a field. We also tested if a wooden wall built between lines of sugarcane plants changed their rhythms. The LHY peak was delayed in the plants in the west of the field or beyond the wall; both shaded at dawn. We conclude that plants in the same field may have different phases resulting from field microenvironments, impacting important agronomical traits, such as flowering time, stalk weight and number.