Weight Loss Of Samples Research Articles

Investigation of the acid and sulfate resistance performances of hydrogen-rich water based mortars

The present article illustrates the acid and sulfate resistance performance of control (CM) and the hydrogen-rich water-based mortar (HM) samples. The 28days cured CM and HM samples were exposed to 5% HCl, 5% HNO3, and 5% sodium sulfate solutions for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180days to evaluate their acid and sulfate resistance performances. The impact of acid and sulfate attack was evaluated measuring the weight and compressive strength loss of mortar samples in the different exposure regimes. Additionally, water absorption, porosity, and sorptivity tests were performed to evaluate the transport properties of the mortars. Analyzing the result, a lesser extent of compressive strength loss (47.63% in HCl, 39.47% in HNO3, and 3% in Na2SO4) was observed for the hydrogen-rich water-based mortar as compared to that of the control mortar (57.33% in HCl, 55.4% in HNO3, and 14% in Na2SO4) after 180days exposure. Based on the X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy analysis, a plausible mechanism has been proposed to explain the beneficial effect of the hydrogen-rich water-based mortars against acid and sulfate attacks.

Biodegradability of Formulated Enzymatic Solution: An Alternative Waste Reduction System

Solid waste and air pollution are never ending environmental problems that can be partially solved by turning waste into useful bio-products. In this study, enzymatic solutions were developed by formulating enzymatic solutions from fish intestines and fruit peels. This aimed to help in biodegradation of organic solid wastes. Organic waste samples were treated with formulated enzymatic solutions for 7 days in aerated set-up for aerobic degradation. Biodegradability and odor of the waste samples were compared with commercial enzymatic solution. Determination of evolved carbon dioxide (CO2) using gravimetric analysis (GA) was used to determine the percent biodegradability, Dt, of organic solid waste and odor-ranking method was used to determine the odor intensity of the organic waste samples. The result showed that the weight loss and percentage biodegradability of organic waste sample treated with formulated enzymatic solution is comparable with that of the commercial enzymatic solution. In terms of odor intensity, waste treated with the product, formulated enzymatic solution (FES) is also comparable to the waste treated with commercial enzymatic solution. Thus, implying that the developed FES is as efficient as that of the commercial enzymatic solution. These significant results will be helpful to future researchers in providing ways on improving the degradation of organic solid waste and mitigating the increasing glitches on our environment. Enzyme kinetics, physical and chemical properties studies of the solution were recommended for future researchers to accurately determine the effectiveness of the formulated enzymatic solution in the degradation of organic solid waste.

Postharvest quality of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa) loose flower as affected by elecitor treatment

Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.)is one of the most important commercial loose and cut flower crops grown in India and other countries. Its florets (loose flowers) retain their freshness only for a few days under ordinary condition. The objective of the present study was to investigate role of elicitors on shelf life and physiological traits in florets of tuberose cultivars Mexican Single, Prajwal and Sikkim Selection. There were ten treatments i.e., three elicitors (boric acid, salicylic acid and nitric acid) and their three concentrations (50, 100 and 200 ppm each) and a control (distilled water), replicated thrice in completely randomized design. The statistically analysed data revealed that in cvs. Mexican Single, Prajwal and Sikkim Selection the greater floret diameter retention (4.64, 5.00 and 5.39 mm, respectively), floret weight retention (0.65, 0.70 and 0.89g, respectively), relative water content (84.03, 81.97 and 88.86%, respectively) and membrane stability index (76.90, 77.32 and 79.81%, respectively) were obtained with treating of florets in 200 ppm boric acid solution. Significantly lower for above mentioned parameters were recorded under control treatment. Higher freshness index (5 for all 3 cultivars) and shelf life (5.1, 6.0 and 5.0 day, respectively) of florets were expressed with treatment of 200 ppm each of boric acid, salicylic acid and nitric acid solution and the lower values under control treatment. Total sample weight and physiological loss in weight of florets did not differ significantly by application of different treatments.

Smart alloys for a future fusion power plant: First studies under stationary plasma load and in accidental conditions

In case of an accident in the future fusion power plant like DEMO, the loss-of-coolant may happen simultaneously with air ingress into the vacuum vessel. The radioactive tungsten and its isotopes from the first wall may become oxidized and vaporized into the environment. The so-called “smart” alloys are under development to suppress the mobilization of oxidized tungsten. Smart alloys are aimed at adjusting their properties to environment. During regular operation, the preferential sputtering of alloying elements by plasma ions should leave almost pure tungsten surface facing the plasma. Under accidental conditions, the alloying elements in the bulk will form an oxide layer protecting tungsten from mobilization.The first direct comparative test of pure tungsten and smart alloys under identical plasma conditions was performed. Tungsten–chromium–titanium alloys were exposed simultaneously with tungsten samples to stationary deuterium plasma in linear plasma device PSI-2. The ion energy and the temperature of samples corresponded well the conditions at the first wall in DEMO. The accumulated fluence was 1.3 × 1026 ion/m2. The weight loss of pure tungsten samples after exposure was ΔmW = 1000–1150µg. The measured weight loss of sputtered smart alloy sample ΔmSA = 1240µg corresponds very well to that of pure tungsten providing experimental evidence of good resistance of smart alloys to plasma sputtering.Plasma exposure was followed by the oxidation of alloys at 1000°C accomplishing the first test of these new materials both in a plasma environment and under accidental conditions. Compared to pure tungsten, smart alloys featured the 3-fold suppression of oxidation. Plasma exposure did not affect the oxidation resistance of smart alloys. At the same time, the self-passivation of the protective layer did not occur, calling for further optimization of alloys.

Investigations on Cu2+-substituted Ni–Zn ferrite nanoparticles

[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) nanoparticles were prepared by chemical co-precipitation method. The developed nanoparticles were characterized for structural properties by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Peak position in the X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the single spinel phase of the developed particles. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy in mid-IR range showed the presence of characteristic absorption bands corresponding to octahedral and tetrahedral bonds in the spinel structure of prepared samples. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements showed a considerable weight loss in the developed samples above 700[Formula: see text]C. Frequency dependence of the electrical properties of the developed material pellets was studied in the frequency range of 1 kHz–5 MHz. Temperature dependence of the dielectric constant of [Formula: see text] was studied at different temperatures, i.e. at 425, 450 and 475 K, in the frequency range of 1 kHz–5 MHz. It was found that the electrical conductivity decreases with increasing Cu[Formula: see text] ion content while it increases with the increase in temperature.

Extraction of crude oil from petrochemical sludge: Characterization of products using thermogravimetric analysis

In this study, solvent extraction was used to recover oil from petrochemical sludge. Three solvents were chosen to mix with petrochemical sludge to ensure adequate miscibility of crude oil in solvent under an appropriate condition. The petrochemical sludge, crude oil sample and residual petrochemical sludge were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The experiments were performed at three different heating rates (10, 20, 30°C/min) under nitrogen atmosphere. The aim of the study was to recover and evaluate crude oil from petrochemical sludge and assess the commercial potential of recycling the crude oil. Experimental results showed that the common temperature range of weight loss of the crude oil sample was about 200–550°C. The residual petrochemical sludge still remained the partial characteristics of petrochemical sludge, which demonstrated that the residual petrochemical sludge still had the value of exploiting and utilizing for further research.

Influence of Hardness, Matrix and Carbides in Combination with Nitridation on Abrasive Wear Resistance of X210Cr12 Tool Steel

Materials used in abrasive wear conditions are usually selected according to their microstructure and hardness, however, other factors such as grain size, matrix saturation, carbides size and morphology are rarely considered. Therefore, the present study deals with the influence of different heat and chemical-heat treatments including their combination on abrasive wear resistance of X210Cr12 tool steel. The effects of material hardness, carbide morphology and microstructure on wear resistance after quenching and nitriding were also investigated. One sample series was quenched after austenitization at 960 °C for 20 min and tempered at 180 °C for 2 h. The second sample series was quenched from 1060 °C austenitization for 20 min and afterwards twice tempered at 530 °C for 1 h. From both the quenched and tempered states, one half of the samples was gas nitrided in NH3 atmosphere for 3 h and then diffusion annealed in N2 atmosphere for 4 h. Abrasion wear tests were performed by sliding the samples on Al2O3 paper. The samples weight loss was considered the main criterion for the wear resistance evaluation. The microstructures, nitrided layers and worn surfaces were observed using SEM microscopy. The highest abrasion wear resistance was obtained for the nitrided samples that were previously quenched from 1060 °C and tempered at 530 °C.

Improvement of Properties of Poly(L-lactic acid) through Solution Blending of Biodegradable Polymers

This study concerns the improvement and enhancement of the properties of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) through simple solution blending of pure PLLA with different kinds of biodegradable polymers. Synthesized PLLA was blended with synthesized poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PDLLA) or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) at various composition ratios in a solvent mixture of dichloromethane/ethanol at room temperature to produce dipolymer. The polymer-blend properties were analyzed using FTIR, DSC, UTM data and an enzymatic degradation test was conducted. It was found that PLLA blend films were obtained with limitation of the second polymer content up to 20% (w) through solvent casting. From the DSC data, two different melting temperature peaks showed that stereocomplex formation occurred during polymer precipitation for all PLLA/PDLLA blends, while only one single melting temperature peak appeared in the PLLA/PEG blend. Regarding the mechanical properties, the PLLA/PEG blend showed better performance with an improvement of the mechanical strength by around 11.18% and an improvement of the elongation at break by around 89% compared to pure PLLA. Furthermore, after the 48-hour enzymatic biodegradability test, the PLLA/PEG blends showed improvement of biodegradability with 21.88% of sample weight-loss compared to 2.53% for pure PLLA.

The Utility of the Weight and Lifestyle Inventory (WALI) in Predicting 2-Year Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery.

Emotional eating (EE) has been implicated as an important variable in bariatric surgery and is frequently assessed during preoperative evaluations. Little is known about the association between preoperative EE and postoperative outcomes. This study examined associations between preoperative EE, as measured by the Weight and Lifestyle Inventory, and 2-year postoperative percent weight loss. Data collected during preoperative evaluations were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 685 patients completed intake data, with 357 patients (52%) completing 2-year follow-up measures. The average time from the initial appointment to surgery is 6months. Preoperative data was collected at approximately month 2 of this 6-month period. Follow-up data was collected during 2-year postoperative follow-up visits. The average percent of weight lost was 22.93 (SD=13.62). Analyses indicated that (1) EE was not associated with percent weight loss for the overall sample, (2) EE was not associated with percent weight loss for females, (3) EE in response to positive affect was associated with percent weight loss for males, and (4) the interaction between preoperative depressive symptoms and EE was not associated with percent weight loss for either sex. While the WALI provides a fruitful means of gathering clinical information, results suggested no association between scores on Section H of the WALI and weight loss. The results suggest that EE may impact surgical outcomes differentially in men as compared to women. Future research should seek to replicate these findings and focus on gender differences related to surgical outcomes.

Microbial degradation of low density polyethylene

Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) is potential source of environmental pollution. In this study, biodegradation of LDPE was achieved by employing fungus and actinobacteria isolated from waste dumping site. Among all the isolates, two potential strains were obtained through enrichment technique. Based on 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA analyses the isolated strains were identified as Aspergillus nomius and Streptomyces sp., respectively. The biodegradation of LDPE was determined by evaluating weight loss and morphological changes of the LDPE samples. The isolated strains; Aspergillus nomius had the capacity to degrade 4.9% and Streptomyces sp. showed 5.2% of weight loss of LDPE films respectively. Weight loss of LDPE film after inoculation of isolates in degradation medium indicated that it was capable of using polyethylene as carbon and energy source. CO2 evolution was checked after degradation of polyethylene pieces, the level of CO2 reached 2.85 g L−1 in the presence of Aspergillus nomius and Streptomyces sp. produced 4.27 g L−1. Sophisticated instrumentation was used like atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy (FTIR). The breakdown products of the LDPE film after exposure to the isolates was recorded employing GCMS. FTIR spectrum of LDPE film confirmed changes in the presence of chemical groups like amine, alkanes, phenols, and alcohol after degradation of LDPE films by Aspergillus nomius and Streptomyces sp. and the most prominent structural changes of the spectrum were observed in the LDPE sample after 90 days of degradation. The results affirmed the isolates were capable of degrading LPDE films efficiently. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 147–154, 2017

Fresh-cut fruit and vegetable coatings by transglutaminase-crosslinked whey protein/pectin edible films

Fresh cut apples, potatoes and carrots were coated by a blended whey protein/pectin film, prepared in the presence of transglutaminase, and several properties of the coated and uncoated fruit and vegetable samples were analyzed during their storage. The linear increase in apple weight loss observed during storage was significantly reduced after 10 days when the samples were coated by whey or soy protein isolate films (about 20 and 40%, respectively) but mostly (about 80%) by whey protein film grafted with pectin and transglutaminase. In addition, the latter film was able to totally prevent the weight loss of potato and carrot samples at least until the 6th day of sample storage. Coating by the crosslinked blended film prevented microbial growth in all samples analyzed, also preserving their phenolic content and carotenoid in carrots. Finally, a marked reduction of both hardness and chewiness, detected after ten days of storage in all the uncoated samples by a texture profile analysis, was shown to be effectively counteracted by coating, whereas no significant differences in the acceptability scores of the coated samples after storage, were recorded by a sensory panel with respect to all samples tested before storage.

Effects of thermal conductivity on dielectric breakdown of micro, nano sized BN filled polypropylene composites

In this work, a range of polypropylene (PP) based composites filled with micro or nano sized boron nitride (BN) particles at different loadings (0, 3, 6 and 9 wt%) were manufactured to investigate effects of thermal conductivity on surface dielectric breakdown (SDB). In addition to thermal conductivity measurement of various samples, thermal dissipation was also discussed to analyze the relationship between them. Meanwhile, in order to evaluate SDB strength of the manufactured samples, time to SDB, erosion depth and weight loss of the polymeric samples were measured through the test. Obtained results show that thermal conductivity of the doped PP composite is obviously improved. The increased thermal conductivity results in improvement of thermal dissipation ability, which contributes to inhibition of SDB occurrence. Thermal conductivity, thermal dissipation ability and SDB strength all represent positive correlation to filler loading level. More importantly, compared with nano-BN filled PP samples, PP/micro-BN samples can obtain higher thermal conductivity, better thermal dissipation ability and higher SDB strength at the same filler content. Experimental validation was also conducted with dc bulk dielectric breakdown (BDB) measurement of various samples. It is concluded that introduction of nano-BN filler into base resin favors improvement of BDB strength evidently, while the sample coated micro-BN exhibits a lower BDB strength than the base resin in any filler loadings investigated.

Continuous reduction of the oxide scale of hot-rolled steel strip in hydrogen

The continuous reduction in the oxide scale of hot-rolled steel strip in H2–N2 atmosphere was simulated in laboratory. Scale specimens were reduced in 20% H2–N2 or 50% H2–N2 atmosphere. The sample weight losses were measured after soaking at 550, 700 and 800°C. In both atmospheres, specimen reduced at 700°C showed the minimum weight loss after soaking for 240 s. At 700 and 800°C, higher hydrogen concentration accelerated the reaction in the beginning of soaking, but had little effect once the dense-reduced iron layer formed. While at 550°C, the reduced iron kept growing in porous structure and the weight loss rate increased significantly in higher H2 concentration.

Thermal and spectral characterization of anaerobic thermal behavior patterns in a lacustrine sediment core.

The thermal evolution of sedimentary organic matter is a significant mechanism in continental oil and gas formation. This study presents a new method to estimate vertical thermal evolution trends in a lake sediment core. Twenty sediment samples from a 60-cm core recovered from Lake Bosten were heated to 600°C at a rate of 10°Cmin(-1) under a N2 atmosphere. The sediments were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and then, the samples were analyzed with total organic carbon (TOC) analyses, X-ray diffraction, and (137)Cs isotopic dating techniques. Two main anaerobic thermal degradation processes were observed in the thermograms. The pyrolysis results showed variations with sediment age, with labile carbon (237.2 ± 42.98°C) manifesting different thermogram patterns than recalcitrant carbon (498.35 ± 30.09°C). There was a significant linear correlation between sample weight loss and TOC (r = 0.972, p < 0.001), as well as between the DSC and TGA peaks (r = 0.963, p < 0.001). As a conclusion, the thermal stability of both labile organic carbon and recalcitrant organic carbon in lacustrine sediment core increased gradually with age. These results confirm that advanced thermal techniques (DSC and TGA) operated in inert gas are potential quantitative methods to characterize the anaerobic thermal behavior of sediment organic carbon.

Optimization of enzymatic & ultrasonic bio-scouring of linen fabrics by aid of Box-Behnken Experimental Design

Biotechnology and eco-friendly technologies (ultrasound, ultraviolet, ozone, etc.) called as green chemistry play an important role in the field of environmental protection. In this study, the desizing and bio-scouring of greige woven linen fabrics with commercial enzymes in the one bath was performed by the aid of ultrasound energy. The five factors with three levels Box–Behnken response surface experimental design was chosen to study and optimize the influence of process variables, such as amylase concentration (0–1 g/L), laccase concentration (0–1 g/L), pectinase concentration (0–1 g/L), sonication time (20–60 min) and treatment temperature (30–70 °C), on the whiteness, lightness, weight loss and hydrophility properties of linen samples. The regression model provided an excellent explanation of the relationship among the independent variables and the response. The achieved results indicated that the efficiency of desizing and bio-scouring could be remarkably improved by the aid of ultrasound energy. Also enzymatic & ultrasonic pretreatment of linen fabrics provides thermal energy, time and chemical savings. The results obtained confirm that enzymatic & ultrasonic bio-scouring of linen fabric can be performed in three different ways depending on the required properties.

A mechanistic study of the effects of CO2 on pyrrhotite oxidation

The high levels of CO2 in oxy-fuel combustion are expected to have important effects on the transformation of pyrite, a major contributor to ash deposition. As a successive work to the previous study that explored the chemical role of CO2 in pyrite decomposition, this paper is purposely designed to investigate the effects of CO2 on the oxidation of pyrrhotite generated from pyrite decomposition. Pyrrhotite oxidation in pure CO2 was respectively investigated at 900, 950 and 1000°C on a well-designed thermo-gravimetric reactor (TGR). The time-resolved data of sample weight loss and gas evolution were collected online by a data collection module and a Horiba PG-350 gas analyzer, respectively. The solid products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results demonstrate that the influence of CO2 on the oxidation of pyrrhotite is chemical in nature. The transformation of pyrrhotite in CO2 consists of three stages, i.e., the fast weight loss stage, the slow weight loss stage and the slow weight gain stage. The mechanisms involving CO2 at these three distinct stages are quite different. At the first stage, ferrous sulfide is formed by the decomposition reaction of pyrrhotite with CO2. At the second stage, the oxidation reactions of ferrous sulfide with CO2 are responsible for the formation of magnetite or hematite. Hematite may also be formed through further oxidation of magnetite by CO2. The third stage is dominated by the oxidation of magnetite to form hematite with CO as the only gas product.

Comparison of the in vitro anticollagenase efficacy of homologous serum and plasma on degradation of corneas of cats, dogs, and horses.

OBJECTIVE To compare the anticollagenase efficacy of fresh feline, canine, and equine serum and plasma on in vitro corneal degradation. SAMPLE Grossly normal corneas from recently euthanized dogs, cats, and horses and fresh serum and plasma from healthy dogs, cats, and horses. PROCEDURES Serum and plasma were pooled by species and used for in vitro experiments. Corneas were collected and stored at -80°C. Sections of cornea were dried, weighed, and incubated in saline (0.9% NaCl) solution with clostridial collagenase and homologous fresh serum or plasma. Corneal degradation was assessed as the percentage of corneal weight loss and hydroxyproline concentration, compared with results for positive and negative control samples. RESULTS Homologous fresh serum and plasma significantly reduced the percentage of corneal weight loss, compared with results for positive control samples. No significant difference was found in percentage of corneal weight loss between incubation with serum or plasma for feline, canine, and equine corneas. Canine serum and plasma significantly reduced hydroxyproline concentrations, whereas inclusion of feline and equine serum or plasma did not, compared with results for positive control samples. Hydroxyproline concentrations were moderately correlated with percentage of corneal weight loss for feline samples and weakly correlated for equine samples, but they were not correlated for canine samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, the anticollagenase efficacy of fresh feline, canine, and equine serum was not different from that of plasma. Plasma should be an acceptable substitute for serum in the topical treatment of keratomalacia.

Efficacy of methoprene for multi-year protection of stored wheat, brown rice, rough rice and corn

Hard red winter wheat, brown rice, rough rice, and corn were treated with the insect growth regulator (IGR) methoprene at rates of 1.25 and 2.5 ppm, held for 24 months at ambient conditions in buckets on the floor of a grain bin, and sampled every two months. Bioassays were done by exposing 10 mixed-sex adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), the lesser grain borer, and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, on wheat, R. dominica and Sitotroga cerealella (Oliver), the Angoumois grain moth, on brown rice and rough rice, and T. castaneum and S. cerealella on corn. Sample size for all commodities was about 80 g, and these samples were held for 3 months at 27°C-60% r.h. Both rates of the IGR completely suppressed adult progeny development of R. dominica with little resulting feeding damage, sample weight loss, or insect damaged kernels (IDK). Some adult progeny production of S. cerealella and resulting IDK occurred at both rates on rough rice, brown rice, and corn, but was far less than in untreated controls. There was little adult progeny production but some feeding damage caused by larval T. castaneum in the treated wheat and corn but again far less than in untreated control. Allowing continual exposure of parental adults on grains treated with an IGR, rather than exposing those parental adults for a short time period, may give more accurate evaluations of residual efficacy. Results show that methoprene used as a grain protectant will give residual control of stored product beetles for 24 months, but complete control of S. cerealella may require inclusion of a contact insecticide.

Tribological properties of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites (AA7075 Reinforced with Titanium Carbide (TiC) Particles)

In the present work aluminum matrix composites (AMMCs), AA7075 Alloy as the matrix metal and Titanium carbide (TiC) particles (2-10%) with an average particulate size of 2μm as reinforced material were processed by stir casting route. Computerized pin on disc wear tester was used for wear test with counter surface as EN32 steel disc (58-60 HRC) and cylindrical pin as the composite specimens. The wear rate in terms of weight loss per unit sliding distance, coefficient of friction and volume loss were obtained for the matrix metal and composites. The results of composite shows better wear resistance than matrix metal. The microstructural characterization of worn surface was investigated using SEM. Weight loss of samples was calculated and the variation of cumulative wear loss with sliding distance has been found to be uniform for both the matrix metal and the composites. It was also observed that the wear rate is low for composites compared to matrix metal. Further, it was noted from the experimentation that the wear rate decreases with increasing weight fraction of TiC and coefficient of friction decreases with increasing sliding velocity and weight fraction of TiC. SEM-XRD analysis revealed the presence of TiC and other phases. The better wear properties (wear rate, coefficient of friction and wear factor) was observed with 8 wt% TiC composite compared to other composites as well as matrix metal.

The effect of high temperature on lightweight concretes produced with colemanite coated pumice aggregates

Concrete is a non-combustible material. But it is known to have serious changes in its physical, chemical and mechanical properties when exposed to high temperatures. In this study, the surface of large pumice aggregate was coated with cement+colemanite (CLM) dual mixtures (0%, 7.5%, 12.5% and 17.5%). Lightweight concretes were produced by using coated aggregates. Then by exposing to temperatures at 20°C (Control), 200°C, 400°C and 600°C, the unit weight, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity and weight loss of concrete samples were determined. Also, in order to identify the internal structural properties of the samples, DTA-TGA and SEM-EDS analysis were performed. As a result of the study, the optimum value was obtained from 12.5-CLM samples. It is determined that the lightweight concretes that would be produced with pumice aggregates coated with cement+colemanite dual mixture would have a high performance against high temperature.