Weight Loss Supplements Research Articles

Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Consciousness Energy Healing Treated Hydroxypropyl -Cyclodextrin

Hydroxypropyl β-Cyclodextrin (HP β-CD) is having a lot of applications in the food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, chemical industries, also in the field of environmental and agriculture engineering. This study evaluated the influence of the Trivedi Effect® on the physicochemical and thermal properties of HP β-CD using modern analytical techniques. The test sample was divided into control and treated parts. The control part did not receive the Biofield Energy Treatment; whereas, the treated part was received the Biofield Energy Treatment remotely by a famous Biofield Energy Healer, Gopal Nayak. The particle size values were decreased by 2.16%( d10), 0.65%(d50), 1.22%(d90), and 1%{D(4,3)}; thus, the specific surface area was increased by 1.27% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The latent heat of fusion of the treated sample was significantly increased by 41.32% compared with the control sample. The total weight loss was decreased; however, the residue amount was significantly increased by 15.53% of the treated sample compared to the control sample. The results indicated that the Biofield Energy Treatment produced a new form of HP β-CD, which may show better solubility, dissolution rate, absorption, bioavailability, and more thermal stability compared to the control sample. The treated sample would be more useful for the improvement of solubility of the lipophilic drugs, preparation of cholesterol free food products, weight loss supplements, etc.

Cautions and concerns about weight loss supplements

Cautions and concerns about weight loss supplements

Combination of Garcinia cambogia Extract and Pear Pomace Extract Additively Suppresses Adipogenesis and Enhances Lipolysis in 3T3-L1 Cells.

Background:Inhibition of adipogenesis has been a therapeutic target for reducing obesity and obesity-related disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cancer. For decades, anti-adipogenic potential of many herbal extracts has been investigated. One example is Garcinia cambogia extract (GE) containing (-)-hydroxycitric acid as an active ingredient. GE is currently marketed as a weight loss supplement, used alone or with other ingredients. Pear pomace extract (PE), another natural product, has been also shown to have anti-adipogenic activity in a recent report.Objective:It was tested if the mixture of PE and GE (MIX) would produce more effective anti-adipogenic activity than PE or GE alone.Materials and Methods:Differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte was induced by adding insulin, dexamethasone, and isobutylmethylxanthine and lipid accumulation was measured by Oil Red O staining. Cellular markers for adipogenesis and lipolysis such as CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was measured using immunocytochemistry.Results:MIX, compared to PE or GE alone, showed greater inhibition of lipid accumulation. Furthermore, MIX reduced the expression of adipogenesis-related factors C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, and FAS more than PE or GE alone did. In contrast, the expression of HSL the enzyme required for lipolysis was further enhanced in MIX-treated adipocytes compared to the PE or GE alone treated groups.Conclusions:Anti-adipogenic effect of PE and GE appears synergistic, and the MIX may be a useful therapeutic combination for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases.SUMMARY PE and GE efficiently inhibited adipocyte differentiation by suppressing the expression of adipogenic transcription factor CEBP-α and PPAR-γ.PE and GE significantly decreased the expression of adipogenic enzyme FAS.PE and GE increased the expression of lipid degrading enzyme HSL.Mixture of PE and GE exhibited additive or moderately synergistic effect on adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. Abbreviations used: CEBP-a: CCAT/enhancer binding protein alpha, CI: Combination Index, FAS: Fatty acid synthase, GE: Garcinia cambogia extract, HSL: Hormone sensitive lipase, PE: Pear pomace extract, PPAR-γ: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.

Talk to your pharmacist before using weight loss supplements

Talk to your pharmacist before using weight loss supplements

Detection of Synthetic Anti-Obesity Drugs, Designer Analogues and Weight- Loss Ingredients as Adulterants in Slimming Foods from 2015 to 2017

Obesity is a chronic disease associated with serious health problem such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Recently, anti-obesity drugs, designer analogues and natural weight-loss ingredients have been found in dietary supplements for rapid weight loss or maintenance. In addition, structurally modified designer analogues are being continuously synthesized to avoid governmental inspections. 25 illegal compounds were assayed using a liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector (LC-PDA) and tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analyses. A simultaneous determination method was established and fully validated. In 76 of 370 samples, nine different adulterants were detected including yohimbine, followed by β-phenylethylamine (β-PEA), sibutramine, sennoside A and B, β-methyl phenylethylamine (BMPEA), fluoxetine, ephedrine, phenolphthalein, and icariin. And 12 adulterated products contained a mixture of two or more adulterants. Adequate use of the existing regulation and the development of alternative methods for detecting adulterants are necessary consumers from consuming dietary supplements adulterated with illegal compounds.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Tea Polyphenols on Depuration of 2-methylisoborneol from Blunt Snout Bream, Megalobrama amblycephala

Abstract_Off-flavor is a serious issue in cultured fish. It affects marketability and texture of fish and causes great economic losses in the aquaculture industry. Holding fish in a clean-water environment for some time is an effective method to depurate them although it involves weight loss. This study investigates the potential effects of dietary supplementation of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and tea polyphenols (TP) on the depuration of the strong odors of 2- methylisoborneol (MIB) from blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala. 560 fish, initial average weight of 48.75±0.48 g were distributed into 28 tanks at a rate of 20 fish per tank. Three diets, namely the control diet, a GA supplemented diet (0.3 g/kg), and a (TP) supplemented diet (0.3 g/kg) were used in this study. The control diet was randomly assigned to 20 tanks, 4 tanks with clean water (control), or with water containing 1μg/L MIB. During the first 28-day the fish in each treatment were hand-fed to apparent satiation three times daily. In the second phase (29-42 day), the control, GA, and TP treatments were divided into four groups: MIB, low density (LD), high density (HD), and dynamic sampling (DS) with twenty fish in DS, and fifteen fish in the others. Fish in LD, HD, and DS in all treatments were starved in clean water. Fish in the DS treatment were sampled at 0, 24, 48, 72 hours, at 7 and 14 days. No differences were observed in body weights between groups within the 28-day feeding trial (P>0.05). Fish in GA, LD, and HD groups had significantly lower hepatosomatic index (HSI) and intraperitoneal fat ratios (IPF) than the control, MIB, and TP groups (P<0.05). After 28 and 42 days, fish in the MIB group had higher MIB concentrations than the other groups (P<0.05). Scores of sensory characteristics were similar, with no statistical differences between the control, GA, and TP groups (P>0.05). MIB content decreased significantly in relation to longer depuration times (P<0.05). Fish weight in LD and HD treatments declined by 10% and 12% respectively after 14-day fasting. In conclusion, clean water depuration for fourteen days is an effective method to purge off-flavored flesh although it involves weight loss and dietary supplementation of GA and TP which also depurate MIB from flesh of Megalobrama amblycephala.

A case of liver injury caused by Kyoukousou and Shin-Kyokubi, Chinese dietary supplements for weight loss

A case of liver injury caused by Kyoukousou and Shin-Kyokubi, Chinese dietary supplements for weight loss

Detection of sibutramine in herbal food supplements by UHPLC/HRMS and UHPLC/MS-MS

Recent studies have announced that many food supplements for weight loss contained undeclared sibutramine. We have analysed 10 samples of herbal weight loss food supplements (FS) by HPLC/HRMS and UHPLC/MS-MS. We have established that two of the analysed samples contained sibutramine: respectively 5 μg/per capsule and 20 μg/per capsule. Illegal inclusion of this substance in FS could cause serious side effects and long term health consequences. The regulatory requirements for FS should be enhanced for more comprehensive consumers’ protection. The need for mandatory quality control of these products and public awareness is undeniable.

USE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS FOR WEIGHT LOSS IN OBESE PATIENTS IN ZONGULDAK, TURKEY

Background: Obesity is a prevalent and worldwide health problem . The most common weight loss method preferred by obese individuals is dietary supplements. This study was performed in order to determine the dietary supplements used by obese individuals for weight loss and to examine the barriers to informing health personnel on supplement use.
 Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed in the Endocrinology and Diabetes Polyclinic at the Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Department of the Health Application and Research Center of the Bulent Ecevit University. The sample consisted of 151 patients randomly selected from among the 755 people using the simple randomization method.
 Results: In the study, 33.6% of the obese individuals were found to use dietary supplements for weight loss. Women, people with no chronic diseases, people who exercised regularly, and people who underwent regular health check-ups were found to prefer dietary supplements at a greater rate (p

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF BUCCAL DOSAGE FORMS OF GARCINIA CAMBOGIA

Medicated jelly formulations are more suitable for pediatric, geriatric and dysphagic patients, which offer rapid dissolution and absorption of drugs thereby early onset of action. The aim of study was to develop and evaluate oral jelly formulation of Garcinia cambogia extract using pectin as the natural gelling agent. The primary objective was formulation of unit moulded jelly containing herbal medicaments and also to optimize the dosage form that will have extra beneficiary for hepatoprotective and weight-loss supplement effect without any side effects. The crude extract or constituents from the plant also exerted hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anthelmintic, anticholinesterase and hepatoprotective activities. All the formulations exhibited good physiochemical properties and found to be stable.

Four experimental stimulants found in sports and weight loss supplements: 2-amino-6-methylheptane (octodrine), 1,4-dimethylamylamine (1,4-DMAA), 1,3-dimethylamylamine (1,3-DMAA) and 1,3-dimethylbutylamine (1,3-DMBA)

Background: The United States Food and Drug Administration banned the stimulant 1,3-dimethylamylamine (1,3-DMAA) from dietary supplements and warned consumers that the stimulant can pose cardiovascular risks ranging from high blood pressure to heart attacks.Objectives: We designed our study to determine if a new stimulant similar in structure to 1,3-DMAA has been introduced as an ingredient in supplements sold in the United States (US).Methods: We analyzed six brands of supplements that listed an ingredient on the label (e.g., Aconitum kusnezoffii, DMHA or 2-amino-isoheptane) that might refer to an analog of 1,3-DMAA. Supplements were analyzed by two separate laboratories using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and reference standards.Results: Two previously unidentified 1,3-DMAA analogs (2-amino-6-methylheptane [octodrine] and 1,4-dimethylamylamine [1,4-DMAA]) and two banned stimulants (1,3-DMAA and 1,3-dimethylbutylamine [1,3-DMBA]) were identified. Octodrine was found at a dose (±95% CI) of 72 ± 7.5 mg per serving. In Europe, octodrine was previously sold as a pharmaceutical in multi-ingredient medications at dosages from 8 to 33 mg. The quantity of octodrine found in our study was more than twice the largest pharmaceutical dose. The other new stimulant, 1,4-DMAA, has not previously been approved for human consumption, and its safety in humans is unknown. 1,4-DMAA was found at dosages between 21 ± 11 mg to 94 ± 48 mg per serving. In addition, two banned stimulants – 1,3-DMAA and 1,3-DMBA – were also identified: 24 ± 7.6 mg to 35 ± 11 mg of 1,3-DMAA and 51 ± 16 mg of 1,3-DMBA. In one product, 24 ± 7.6 mg of 1,3-DMAA was combined with 21 ± 11 mg of 1,4-DMAA. 1,3-DMAA has been investigated as potentially contributing to hemorrhagic strokes and sudden death, whereas the safety of 1,3-DMBA in humans is unknown.Conclusion: Two banned stimulants (1,3-DMAA and 1,3-DMBA) and two previously unidentified stimulants (1,4-DMAA and octodrine) were identified in supplements sold in the United States.

The Combined Effects of Exercise, Diet, and a Multi-Ingredient Dietary Supplement on Body Composition and Adipokine Changes in Overweight Adults

ABSTRACTBackground: Very few weight and fat loss supplements undergo finished-product research to examine efficacy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an 8-week diet and exercise program on body composition, hip and waist girth, and adipokines and evaluate whether a dietary supplement containing raspberry ketone, capsaicin, caffeine, garlic, and Citrus aurantium enhanced outcomes.Methods: Overweight men and women completed this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Participants consumed 4 capsules/d of supplement (EXP; n = 18) or placebo (PLA; n = 18). Participants underwent 8 weeks of daily supplementation, calorie restriction (500 kcal < RMR [resting metabolic rate] × 1.2), and supervised progressive exercise training 3 times a week. Body composition, girth, and adipokines were assessed at baseline and postintervention (T1 and T2).Results: Significant decreases in weight (−2.6 ± 0.57 kg, p < 0.001), fat mass (−1.8 ± 0.20 kg; p < 0.001), and percentage body fat (−3.7% ± 0.29%, p < 0.001) and a significant increase in lean body mass (LBM; 1.5 ± 0.26 kg; p < 0.001) were seen from T1 to T2 in both groups. For men, only those in the EXP group increased LBM from T1 to T2 (1.3 ± 0.38 kg; p < 0.05). Hip girth was also reduced, with the women in the EXP group (−10.7 ± 2.15 cm, p < 0.001) having a greater reduction. There was a time by group interaction, with significant decreases in leptin (p < 0.001) and significant increases in adiponectin (p < 0.05) in the EXP group.Conclusions: Significant improvements in adipokines and leptin support the utility of exercise, diet, and fat loss for impacting inflammatory biomarkers. The improvement in adiponectin with EXP may suggest a unique health mechanism.

Self-reported dietary supplement use in deployed United States service members pre-deployment vs. during deployment, Afghanistan, 2013\u20132014

BackgroundDietary supplement use (protein/amino acids, weight-loss supplements, performance enhancers) is common among U.S. military members. Reported dietary supplement use in deployed troops is limited and is of concern in settings where troops are exposed to high ambient temperatures, increased physical demands, and dehydration. Our objective was to describe dietary supplement use and adverse events (AEs) among deployed U.S. service members compared with their pre-deployment use.MethodsWe conducted an institutional review board (IRB) approved, descriptive study in Afghanistan using a written questionnaire and collected demographic information, dietary supplement use before and during deployment, AEs associated with supplement use, and physical workout routines. Participants were U.S. military personnel of all branches of service deployed to Afghanistan. They were recruited in high-traffic areas in the combat theater. We analyzed the data with descriptive statistics. Paired t-test/Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted to examine the before/during deployment changes for continuous data, and McNemar’s chi-square test was conducted for categorical data. We constructed separate logistic regression models to determine the best predictors of increases or decreases in dietary supplement use, with demographic information, reasons for using supplements, and education requested/received as covariates in each model. All statistical tests were two-sided at a significance level of 5% (P < 0.05).ResultsData were collected on 1685 participants. Ninety-seven of the participants were in the Army or Air Force.The participants were more likely to work out daily or more than once a day during deployment. Thirty-five percent of the participants reported no supplement use before or during deployment. The remaining 65% of participants reported increased use and increased frequency of use of supplements (e.g., daily) during deployment compared with pre-deployment. Additionally, more people followed label instructions strictly during deployment vs. pre-deployment.Overall, the frequency of self-reported AEs among supplement users remained consistent before and during deployment. The only significant difference noted was in problems falling or staying asleep, which increased during deployment. In the adjusted logistic regression models, the level of formal education, military branch, occupational specialty, education about dietary supplements, and certain reasons for using supplements (to boost energy, lose weight, gain muscle strength and mass, and as a meal replacement) were significant predictors of changes in supplement use.ConclusionDeployed U.S. service members were more likely to use dietary supplements, use more than one supplement and use supplements more frequently during deployment than pre-deployment. No serious AEs were reported, but problems falling or staying asleep increased during deployment.

Hyperthyroidism secondary to weight loss supplements

Hyperthyroidism secondary to weight loss supplements

Acute Hepatitis Due To Garcinia Cambogia, An Herbal Weight Loss Supplement

Introduction: Garcinia Cambogia(GC) is a tropical fruit and its extract is sold as a weight loss supplement. The most important ingredient is hydroxycitric acid(HCA) which blocks adenosine triphosphatase citrate lyase, a catalyst important in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. HCA was one of the main components of hydroxycut products recalled after Food and Drug Administration received report of 23 cases of hepatotoxicity. Currently sold as GC, hepatotoxicity has again been reported, including cases of fulminant hepatic failure. We present a case of acute hepatitis due to GC. Case presentation: A 57-year-old female with no previous history of liver disease presented to the hospital due to abdominal pain and vomiting. Physical examination was significant for diffuse abdominal tenderness without any rigidity or guarding. Laboratory evaluation revealed an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of 738 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of 856 U/L and an alkaline phosphatase of 80 U/L, with normal bilirubin and prothrombin time. She had been taking vitamins A and D and GC for weight loss, and she was on no prescription medications. She had normal Vitamin A and D levels ruling out hypervitaminosis as the cause of hepatitis. Further testing revealed the following negative results: alcohol and acetaminophen levels, iron profile, anti nuclear antibody, acute viral hepatitis panel, smooth muscle antibody, and liver kidney microsomal antibody. Abdominal ultrasound showed a normal liver. She was asked to stop taking GC. Her liver enzymes decreased significantly with an ALT of 396 U/L and AST of 138 U/L within three days with resolution of her abdominal symptoms. Discussion: GC, is a culinary agent in South East Asia, and its extract is sold for weight loss and lipid lowering. A meta analysis of 9 randomized controlled trials of GC for weight loss found that it causes modest short term weight loss with gastrointestinal side effects. Cases of acute hepatitis including fulminant hepatic failure requiring liver transplantation have been reported due to GC. There is a misconception that herbal supplements are safe, but the Drug Induced Liver Disease Network reports dietary supplements as one of the important causes of drug induced hepatotoxicity. Acute hepatitis is a reversible side effect of GC, which if not identified in a timely fashion, can lead to fulminant hepatitis. Obtaining history of herbal supplement use is important in the evaluation of acute hepatitis.

Hydroxycitric Acid Present in Garcinia Cambogia Diet Pills Resulting in Starvation Ketoacidosis

SESSION TITLE: Critical Care 3 SESSION TYPE: Affiliate Case Report Slide PRESENTED ON: Sunday, October 29, 2017 at 04:30 PM - 05:30 PM INTRODUCTION: The fruit of the Garcinia cambogia tree has been used as a weight-loss supplement. The active ingredient hydroxycitric acid. However, it has been associated with serotonin syndrome and acute hepatitis. Here we present a case of Garcinia cambogia diet pill ingestion resulting in starvation ketoacidosis requiring admission to the intensive care unit. CASE PRESENTATION: Our patient is an 18 year old woman with no significant past medical history who presented to the emergency room for 2 weeks of epigastric abdominal pain and 4 days of anorexia, nausea, and emesis. In the emergency department, the patient was hypotensive and tachycardic. Labs revealed a bicarbonate of 7, an anion gap of 23, a venous pH of 7.17, and a lactate of 0.87. Her serum was negative for alcohol, salicylates, and acetaminophen and she had a negative urine toxicology screen. Here complete blood count and hepatic function panels were normal. However, her urinalysis was positive for large glucose and ketones despite a serum glucose of 95. Of note, the patient did not have diabetes and so was not on any oral medications for glycemic control. Given the patient’s hypotension, profound acidemia, and ketonuria, she was resuscitated with intravenous fluids and placed on an insulin drip for presumed euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Then after further questioning, the patient noted that one week prior to the start of her abdominal pain she began taking a diet pill she bought online that was shipped from Thailand that contained Garcinia cambogia. Over the course of the next 48 hours the patient was resuscitated, had return of her baseline mental status, was taken off the insulin drip, had her metabolic derangements normalize, and was able to tolerate a normal diet prior to discharge home. DISCUSSION: Hydroxycitric acid in Garcinia cambogia is known to inhibit ATP-dependent citrate lyase, which catalyzes the cleavage of citrate to oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA. In so doing, it inhibits fatty acid production and assists in gluconeogenesis eventually leading to appetite suppression. CONCLUSIONS: Garcinia cambogia diet pills are increasingly used for weight loss with limited reports of side effects, but one significant toxicity can be starvation ketoacidosis due to the effects of the hydroxycitric acid on appetite suppression. Reference #1: Márquez F, Babio N, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J. “Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of hydroxycitric acid or Garcinia cambogia extracts in humans.” Critical Revies in Food Science and Nutrition. 2012;52(7):585-94 DISCLOSURE: The following authors have nothing to disclose: Tanzib Hossain, David Fridman, Pedro Rivera No Product/Research Disclosure Information

2,4-Dinitrophenol DNP: A Killer Weight Loss Supplement

2,4-Dinitrophenol DNP: A Killer Weight Loss Supplement

Prohibited Contaminants in Dietary Supplements.

Context:With the increasing use of unregulated dietary supplements, athletes are at continued risk from adverse medical events and inadvertent doping.Evidence Acquisition:A review of Clinical Key, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases from 2012 to 2017 was performed using search terms, including dietary supplement, contamination, doping in athletes, inadvertent doping, and prohibited substances. The references of pertinent articles were reviewed for other relevant sources.Study Design:Clinical review.Level of Evidence:Level 3.Results:Poor manufacturing processes and intentional contamination with many banned substances continue to occur in dietary supplements sold in the United States. Certain sectors, such as weight loss and muscle-building supplements, pose a greater threat because they are more likely to be contaminated.Conclusion:Athletes will continue to be at risk for adverse events and failed doping tests due to contaminated dietary supplements until legislation changes how they are regulated. In the interim, there are several steps that can be taken to mitigate this risk, including improved education of medical staff and athletes and use of third party–certified products.

Exogenous T3 toxicosis following consumption of a contaminated weight loss supplement.

A 42-year-old male presented with a one-week history of palpitations and sweating episodes. The only significant history was of longstanding idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Initial ECG demonstrated a sinus tachycardia. Thyroid function testing, undertaken as part of the diagnostic workup, revealed an un-measureable thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4). Upon questioning the patient reported classical thyrotoxic symptoms over the preceding weeks. Given the persistence of symptoms free tri-iodothyronine (T3) was measured and found to be markedly elevated at 48.9 pmol/L (normal range: 3.1–6.8 pmol/L). No goitre or nodular disease was palpable in the neck. Historically there had never been any amiodarone usage. Radionucleotide thyroid uptake imaging (123I) demonstrated significantly reduced tracer uptake in the thyroid. Upon further questioning the patient reported purchasing a weight loss product online from India which supposedly contained sibutramine. He provided one of the tablets and laboratory analysis confirmed the presence of T3 in the tablet. Full symptomatic resolution and normalised thyroid function ensued upon discontinuation of the supplement.Learning points:Free tri-iodothyronine (T3) measurement may be useful in the presence of symptoms suggestive of thyrotoxicosis with discordant thyroid function tests.Thyroid uptake scanning can be a useful aid to differentiating exogenous hormone exposure from endogenous hyperthyroidism.Ingestion of thyroid hormone may be inadvertent in cases of exogenous thyrotoxicosis.Medicines and supplements sourced online for weight loss may contain thyroxine (T4) or T3 and should be considered as a cause of unexplained exogenous hyperthyroidism.

Current dietary supplement use of Australian military veterans of Middle East operations.

To assess patterns and levels of dietary supplement use among Australian Defence Forces, previously deployed to the Middle East Area of Operations. A cross-sectional study. Participants of a large survey self-completed questions about dietary supplement use, health status, personal and job-related characteristics, and lifestyle factors. Frequency of current use of supplements was assessed in three categories (bodybuilding, energy and weight loss). Middle East Area of Operations post-deployment health survey. Current and ex-serving Australian Defence Force personnel (n 14 032) who deployed to the Middle East between 2001 and 2009. Bodybuilding supplements were used by 17·5 % of participants, energy supplements by 24·5 % and weight-loss supplements by 7·6 %. Overall, 32·3 % of participants used any of these supplements. Bodybuilding and energy supplements were more often used by men, younger persons and those in the Army, while weight-loss supplements were more commonly used by women and Navy personnel. Supplements in all three categories were more commonly used by persons in lower ranks, active service and combat roles. Users of bodybuilding supplements had healthier lifestyles and better health status, while users of energy and weight-loss supplements had less healthy lifestyles and poorer mental and physical health status. Overall, 11·7 % of participants used supplements containing caffeine and 3·6 % used a creatine-containing product. Use of dietary supplements among Australian Defence Force personnel is common, and patterned by lifestyle factors and health status.