Weight Gain Of Broilers Research Articles

Substitution value of squilla meal for fish meal in broiler production: Effects on growth performance, carcass and organ proportions

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the substitution effects of squilla meal for fish meal in broiler diets. One hundred and twenty unsexed day-old broiler chickens of Abor Acre strains were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Each dietary group had 24 birds, replicated thrice, with eight birds per replicate. The birds were managed in a deep litter pen, fed and watered adlibitum for a period of seven weeks. Diet 1 was designated as the control, while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 had their fish meal substituted at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, respectively. The mean body weight changes and feed intake were significantly (P<0.05) influenced, while the feed-to-gain ration was not. Birds fed Diet 1(control) gave the best total weight gain value (1804.55g), which was closely followed by birds fed Diet 4 (1776.77g), Diet 3 (1765.85g) and Diet 5 (1616.09g). Birds fed Diet 2 gave the least value of 1565.59g. All the carcass parameters evaluated showed no significant (P>0.05) difference, but kidney, abdominal fat and proventriculus were significantly (P<0.05) different but followed no definite pattern traceable to the diets. In conclusion, Squilla meal has shown to have positive comparative effects on the mean weight gain, carcass and organ proportions of broilers fed these diets. So, it is recommended at 75% level of substitution.

Growth performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chickens fed diet containing cooked cocoyam tubermeal

This study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chickens fed diet containing cooked cocoyam tubermeal as energy source in place of maize. The proximate composition of cooked cocoyam tubermeal showed that it contained 13.11% moisture, 2.60% ash, 3.90% crude protein, 9.45% crude fiber, 1.85% ether extract and 70.13% NFE. In the finisher feeding trial, the cooked cocoyam tubermeal was used to replace maize at levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively in the control diet. Each finisher diet was fed to a group of 30 finisher broiler chicken for 4 weeks using completely randomized design. Each treatment was divided into 3 replicates of 10 broiler chicks each. The birds were kept on deep litter and were given feed and water ad-libitum. Parameters measured include ifinal body weight, body weight gain feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass characteristics and economics of production. In the finisher feeding trial, the feed intake of the finisher broilers on diets 2, 3 and 4 were similar and compared favourably with those on the control diet. The finisher group on 100% CCYM (diet 5) recorded the lowest feed intake possibly because of the dustiness of the feed. The body weight gain of the finisher broilers on diet 2 (25%) cooked cocoyam tubermeal compared favourably with the control group and was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those on other diets. It appeared that the finisher broilers could not tolerate high levels of cooked cocoyam meal due to dustiness of the feed and its anti-nutritional factors. The cost of production per kg finisher broilers was cheapest for diet 5(100% CCYM) (N356.72) and the costliest was for diet 3(50% CCYM) (N588.28). The internal organs expressed as percent of the live weight were not affected by the treatments. In terms of carcass characteristics, the finisher broilers on diet 2(25% CCYM) recorded the highest breast muscle which was significantly different (P<0.05) from other groups. There were no significant different (P>0.05) on percent back cut, drumstick, head, shank, thigh, neck and wings of the finisher broilers on all the treatments. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in percent dressed weight of the finisher broilers on cooked cocoyam based diets. The results of the trial have shown that cooking cocoyam corms (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) for 30 minutes was effective for reducing the cyanide oxalate, tannin, phytic acid and saponin content and that cooking did not affect the proximate composition of tannia. Cooked cocoyam tubermeal could be used to replace maize up to 25% in the diet of finisher broiler chicken without affecting body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio as indicated in this study.

Effects of α-glyceryl monolaurate on growth, immune function, volatile fatty acids, and gut microbiota in broiler chickens

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary addition of α-glyceryl monolaurate (α-GML) on growth performance, immune function, volatile fatty acids production and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens. A total of 480 1-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly assigned in equal numbers to 4 dietary treatments: basal diet (NCO) or supplementations with 30 mg/kg bacitracin (ANT), 500 mg/kg α-GML, or 1,000 mg/kg α-GML (GML2). And, each treatment contained 8 replicates with 15 chickens per replicate. After supplementation with α-GML, the total BW gain and average daily weight gain of broilers increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with the broilers on the NCO diet. Moreover, compared with the NCO group, higher levels of immune globulin M and immune globulin Y were observed in both GML groups and the ANT group. Concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, and isovalerate in GML2 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the NCO group on day 28. However, acetate, propionate, valerate, and isovalerate concentrations were reduced to significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those in the NCO group on day 56. The abundance and diversity of microbiota were found to be improved in broilers that were supplemented with GML, using operational taxonomic unit and diversity analyses. Furthermore, the GML treatments increased favorable microbiota, particularly acid-producing bacteria, on day 28 and, also, reduced opportunistic pathogens, such as Alistipes tidjanibacter and Bacteroides dorei by day 56. These results suggest that α-GML supplementation modulates cecal microbiota and broiler immunity and improves volatile fatty acid levels during the early growth stages of broilers.

Influence of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and carbohydrate-active enzymes on growth performance, meat quality and lipid composition of broiler chickens

Herein, we investigated the effect of Chlorella vulgaris as ingredient (10% of incorporation) in broiler diets, supplemented or not with 2 formulations of Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes; Rovabio Excel AP and a mixture of recombinant CAZymes, composed by an exo-β-glucosaminidase, an alginate lyase, a peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramic acid deacetylase and a lysozyme), on growth performance, meat quality, fatty acid composition, oxidative stability, and sensory traits. One hundred twenty 1-day-old Ross 308 male birds were randomly assigned to one of the 4 experimental diets (n = 30): corn-soybean meal–basal diet (control), basal diet with 10% C. vulgaris (CV), CV supplemented with 0.005% of a commercial CAZyme cocktail (Rovabio Excel AP), (CV + R), and CV supplemented with 0.01% of a 4-CAZyme mixture previously selected (CV + M) during the experimental period lasted from day 21 to day 35. Body weight gain and feed conversion rate of broilers were not affected by C. vulgaris but digesta viscosity increased more than 2-fold (P < 0.001) relative to the control. In addition, neither cooking loss, shear force, juiciness, flavor nor off-flavor was impaired by dietary treatments (P > 0.05). By contrast, the dietary C. vulgaris increased tenderness, yellowness (b∗) and total carotenoids in breast and thigh meats. However, no additional protective effect against lipid oxidation was observed in meat with the inclusion of microalga. Chlorella vulgaris, independently of CAZymes, had a minor impact on meat fatty acid composition but improved the proportion of some beneficial fatty acids. In summary, our data indicate a slight improvement of broiler meat quality and lipid nutritional value, without impairment of broilers' growth performance, thus supporting the usefulness of this microalga in poultry diets, up to this high level of incorporation. By contrast, the selected CAZyme mixtures used do not significantly improve the release of microalga nutrients in poultry diets, through the disruption of microalga cell wall, which warrants further research.

Bacillus subtilis–fermented products ameliorate the growth performance and alter cecal microbiota community in broilers under lipopolysaccharide challenge

In this study, the effects of Bacillus subtilis–fermented products on the growth performance and cecal microbiota of broilers were investigated in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. A total of 120 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments, with 5 replicate cages per treatment and 6 birds per cage. The dietary treatments comprised a basal diet as the control, basal diet plus 5 mg/kg of LPS, and basal diet plus 5 mg/kg of LPS in combination with 1 and 3 g/kg of B. subtilis–fermented products. The results indicated that B. subtilis–fermented product supplementation increased (linear, P < 0.05) the body weight of broilers relative to LPS treatment alone at 21 d of age. At 15 to 21 d and 1 to 21 d of age, B. subtilis–fermented product supplementation improved (linear, P < 0.05) the average daily gain in broilers compared with LPS challenge alone. The inflammation-associated gene expression was decreased (P < 0.05), and intestinal barrier–associated gene expression was increased (P < 0.05) in the small intestine of the group treated with 3 g/kg of B. subtilis–fermented products in combination with LPS challenge. In cecal microbiota analysis, the richness of bacterial species was lower (P < 0.05) in the groups treated with 1 and 3 g/kg of B. subtilis–fermented products in combination with LPS challenge than in the control group. Principal coordinates analysis indicated distinct clusters between the groups treated with LPS alone and B. subtilis–fermented products in combination with LPS challenge. The abundance of the genera Erysipelatoclostridium and Ruminococcaceae_unclassified in the cecal digesta decreased (P < 0.05) in broilers fed with B. subtilis–fermented products compared with the control group. The average abundance of the genera Bacteroides and Romboutsia in the cecal digesta was positively correlated with the body weight and average daily gain of broilers in response to LPS challenge. Furthermore, the average abundance of the genera Bacteroides and Romboutsia in the cecal digesta was positively correlated with the concentration of B. subtilis–fermented products under LPS challenge. These results demonstrate that B. subtilis–fermented products can improve the growth performance and modulate the gut microflora composition of broilers under immune stress.

Partial or complete replacement of fishmeal with fermented soybean meal on growth performance, fecal composition, and meat quality in broilers.

The current study was aimed to examine the effect of partial or complete replacement of fishmeal (FM) with fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on growth performance, fecal composition, and meat quality in broiler chickens. A total number of 240 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted into four dietary treatments with six replications and ten birds per one pen. Dietary treatments were followed as; 1) Diet incorporated with 4% FM without FSBM (Control), 2) Diet incorporated with 3% FM and 2% FSBM (FSBM2), 3) Diet incorporated with 2% FM and 3% FSBM (FSBM3) and 4) Diet incorporated with 4% FSBM without FM (FSBM4). Body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly for 35 days of the experimental period. Moreover, fecal samples were collected to evaluate moisture, ash, nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus content on day 21 post-hatch. On day 35, two birds were sacrificed from each pen to measure meat quality parameters and visceral organ weights. Results revealed that, no dietary treatment effect (p > 0.05) was observed either in both body weight or average daily gain of broilers within the entire experimental period while broilers fed FSBM2 increased (p < 0.05) average daily feed intake by 10.07% whereas FSBM4 improved (p < 0.05) feed efficiency ratio by 8.45% compared to birds fed other dietary treatments on day 7 post-hatch. Besides, birds fed FSBM3 obtained the improved (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio over the birds fed control diet by 7.51% from hatch to day 35 post-hatch (1.60 vs. 1.73). Nevertheless, no difference (p > 0.05) was detected on visceral organ weight, proximate composition and physicochemical characteristics of meat while broilers offered FSBM4 obtained the lowest (p < 0.05) calcium and phosphorous in faces (2.27% and 1.21% respectively) over those offered control feed and other FSBM treatments. In conclusion, FSBM would be a better replacement for ousting FM partially or completely in broiler diet as it did not impair the growth performance and meat quality while reducing the calcium and phosphorous excretion in broilers for 35 days post-hatch.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PROBIO_FMplus DAN PAKAN YANG MENGANDUNG PUTAK TERHADAP PERFORMANS PERTUMBUHAN AYAM BROILER FASE GROWER

Putak is one of the alternative energy sources that can used in poultry ration. However, the utilization of putak is limited due to its anti-nutritional factors especially fibre that could affect the gut health. Thus, it is important to potential feed additives that can improve the health of the digestive tract as well as the digestibility. Probio_FM plus is symbiotic probiotics produced by the Kupang State Polytechnic, but the study of using this probiotics is still very limited. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Probio_FM plus on growth performance of grower broilers fed diet containing putak and without putak. Total of 192 unsex broilers were randomly alloted into 24 pens (8 birds/pen). The experimental design was 2x2 factorial randomized complete design. The treatments were R0P0 (control diet), R0P1 (diet containing no putak + Probio_FM plus ), R1P0 (diet containing no putak + no Probio_FM plus ), R1P1 (diet containing putak + Probio_FM plus ). The data was analysed by using general linear model SAS version 9.1 (2004). The results showed that interaction of probiotic and putak did not affect (P&gt;0.05) body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency. Birds fed diet containing putak had higher (P&lt;0.05) body weight gain compared to those fed diet without putak. No differences were found in birds fed given Probio_FM plus and no Probio_FM plus . However, numerically birds received Probio_FM plus had higher body weight gain. In conclusion, 1) supplementation of Probio_FM plus in diet containing putak and without putak did not affect growth performance of grower broilers, 2) Putak improved body weight gain of grower broilers. Numerically Probio_FM plus improved body weight gain of grower broilers. Key words: Probiotics, putak

Effects of graded levels of dietary squalene supplementation on the growth performance, plasma biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality in broiler chickens

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary squalene supplementation on the growth performance, plasma biochemical indices, antioxidant status, and meat quality in broilers. Two hundred and forty 0-day-old male chicks were allocated into 5 groups of 6 replicates and were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (Control group), 250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/kg squalene for 42 d. Dietary squalene supplementation linearly increased weight gain and feed efficiency of broilers during the grower and overall periods (P < 0.05). Squalene linearly decreased 21-d malondialdehyde (MDA) level and 42-d glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and both linearly and quadratically decreased 42-d MDA level in plasma (P < 0.05). In contrast, squalene linearly increased plasma reduced form of glutathione (GSH) level on 21 and 42 d and superoxide dismutase activity on 42 d (P < 0.05). Squalene supplementation linearly decreased 21-d MDA accumulation but linearly increased GSH level on 21 d and 42 d and both linearly and quadratically increased 21-d GSH-Px activity in liver (P < 0.05). Supplementing squalene linearly increased pH value at 48 h and linearly decreased lightness at 48 h and 24-h drip loss of breast muscle (P < 0.05). The lightness at 24 h and cooking loss of breast muscle were both linearly and quadratically reduced by squalene (P < 0.05). Dietary squalene administration linearly decreased MDA accumulation but linearly increased GSH level and GSH-Px activity of breast muscle (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, aforementioned growth performance, antioxidant-related parameters (except 42-d GSH-Px in plasma and breast and hepatic GSH), and meat quality were improved by squalene when its level was 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg (P < 0.05), with their results being similar between these 2 groups (P > 0.05). It was concluded that squalene administration especially at a level of 1,000 mg/kg can improve growth performance, antioxidant status, and meat quality in broilers, providing insights into its application as a potential feed additive in broiler production.

Prospects of yeast based feed additives in poultry nutrition: Potential effects and applications

Yeast and its derivatives are extensively utilized as feed additives in poultry industry owing to their desirable health and growth promoting effects. Exhaustive number of studies had reported positive effects of yeast based additives on growth, meat quality, immunity, antioxidant status, and gastrointestinal functions in poultry birds. Owing to their prebiotic/probiotic properties, they also play significant role in gut development and modulation of gut microbiome by favouring beneficial microbes while reducing colonization of pathogenic microbes by competitive exclusion. They also possess effective potential for binding of dietary toxins in addition to improving digestion and utilization of nutrients. Moreover, yeast based additives have exhibited desirable effects on humoral immunity by increasing serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A levels. These additives have been also used as immune adjuvants to boost innate immune response under any pathogenic challenges in birds. Due to their diverse biological activities, yeast products are potentially capable for immune hemostasis by mediating balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. These unique properties of yeast based products make them promising feed additive to promote health and productivity leading to efficient poultry production. Yeast can be supplemented in poultry diets @ 5.0–10.0 g/kg of feed. Numerous studies had reported significant improvement in body weight gain (3 to 8%) and FCR (1.6 to 12%) in broilers in response to supplementation of yeast based additives. Moreover, yeast supplementation also improved hemoglobin (Hb g/dl) levels up to 2.59 to 6.62%, total protein (&gt;0.69%) while reducing serum cholesterol (mg/dl) up to 3.68 to 13.38%. Despite the potential properties and beneficial effects, use of yeast and its derivatives as feed additives in poultry industry is not matching its inherent potential due to many reasons. This review aims to highlight the importance and potential role of yeast and its products as natural growth promoter to replace in feed antibiotics to address the issues of antibiotic residues and microbial resistance. This article provides insights on functional role of yeast based additives in poultry diets and their importance as commercially viable alternatives of antibiotic growth promoters in poultry feed industry.

Infectious laryngotracheitis: an update on current approaches for prevention of an old disease.

Infectious laryngotracheitis is a respiratory disease of poultry caused by the Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1, also known as infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). It is a member of the subfamily of Alphaherpesvirinae (genus Iltovirus), and primarily infects chickens, but infections were also reported in pheasants, peafowls, and turkeys (Winterfield and So, 1968; Crawshaw and Boycott, 1982; Portz et al., 2008). The disease was first described in the United States in 1925 and was thereupon detected in poultry flocks worldwide (May and Tittsler, 1925). It results in substantial economic losses, which are mainly attributed to a drop in egg production in laying hens and reduced weight gain in broilers. Clinical signs vary depending on the infecting virus strain, which also determines the mortality ranging from 5% to 70%. Mild forms include nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, sinusitis, and general fatigue, whereas severe forms manifest themselves in gasping, coughing, expectoration of bloody mucus, and dyspnoea (Jordan, 1966; García et al., 2017). The virus is transmitted in droplets via the ocular and/or the upper respiratory route and the main tissue targeted is the epithelia of the trachea (Jordan et al., 1967). A transovarial or vertical transmission of the virus via egg content has not been demonstrated (Bagust et al., 2000). All ages of chickens are susceptible to ILTV but most ILTV outbreaks were reported for chickens older than 3 wk (Fahey et al., 1983). Upon infection, an incubation period of about 1 to 2 wk follows before first clinical signs get apparent (Jordan, 1966). The incubation time varies according to the virus strain and infectious dose (Oldoni et al., 2009). Furthermore, additional factors like chickens’ immune status and housing conditions (e.g., air quality) can impact the incubation period. During the acute phase of infection, ILTV can invade the trigeminal ganglion where latency can be established (Williams et al., 1992). However, latency is not restricted to the trigeminal ganglion but was also shown to occur in the trachea (Bagust et al., 1986; Hughes, 1987).

Effects of dietary extruded linseed and Lactobacillus acidophilus on growth performance, carcass traits, plasma lipoprotein response, and caecal bacterial populations in broiler chicks

The study aimed to assess the effects of dietary extruded linseed (ELS) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) on performance, carcass traits, immune organ weights, plasma lipoprotein response, and caecal bacteria populations in broiler chickens. A total of 648 one-day-old chicks were divided into six groups in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of three ELS levels (0, 6 and 12%) without or with probiotic L. acidophilus (0 and 20 g ton−1 feed). Each group had six replicates (18 birds/pen). Results showed no significant effects of ELS level nor LA supplementation on growth performance (body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion) of broilers during the overall period (1–42 days). The production efficiency factor increases (p = .045) with the LA addition. There were no effects of ELS level nor probiotic addition on carcase traits and immune organ weights, except for decreases in abdominal fat percentage (p = .027, respectively p = .035). The dietary ELS level significantly correlated with a decrease in the plasma total cholesterol (TC; p = .003), triglycerides, and very-low-density lipoprotein concentrations (p = .020), while the LA addition significantly correlated with a decrease (p = .015) in the plasma TC. The LA addition lowers the caecal pH (p = .007), Staphylococcus spp. and E. coli counts (p < .0001), and increase the caecal Lactobacillus spp. and lactobacilli: E. coli ratio (p < .0001). In conclusion, the use of ELS up to 12% supplemented with L. acidophilus in broiler chicks diet had a positive effect on health status, decreasing the abdominal fat deposition, plasma lipids and the caecal pathogen bacteria E. coli. Highlights Extruded linseed up to 12% in broiler chicks’ diets had no significant effects on growth performance, carcass traits or immune organs size and improve the abdominal fat deposition and plasma lipids response due to the decreased dietary n − 6: n − 3 PUFA ratio. Extruded linseed up to 12% supplemented with L. acidophilus in broiler chicks diet had a positive effect on health status improving production efficiency factor and decreasing abdominal fat deposition, the plasma lipids and the caeca pathogen bacteria E. coli.

Oral administration of red and yellow watermelon rind act as as ahyphotermic agent in broiler chicks

Heat stress produced by high ambient temperature is a serious concern in poultry farming. Heat stress increases body temperature and induces heat stress responses in chicks. High ambient temperature can reduce food intake, food efficiency, and body weight gain in broilers. Additionally, several free amino acids, including L-citrulline (L-Cit), were found to decline in the plasma of heat-exposed chicks . Recently, it has been further found that oral administration of L-Cit can lower the body temperature of chicks and impart them with thermotolerance .However, the use of synthetic L-Cit in poultry rations is still not approved in Japan.

THE EFFECT OF L-LYSINE HCL SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE BODY WEIGHT GAIN, FEED CONSUMPTION AND FEED EFFICIENCY OF BROILERS

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of l-lysine supplementation in feed on the body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of broilers. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Study Program, Agriculture Faculty, University of Timor, Kefamenanu from December 2019 to January 2020. This study used 80 day-old chicks (DOC) broilers. The method used is a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and four replications. The treatments give were: T0 (control feed), T1 (control feed + 0.35% l-lysine), T2 (control feed + 0.70% l-lysine), T3 (control feed + 1.00% l -lysine). Data were processed using Variance Analysis, and Duncan test. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the supplementation of l-lysine in the feed had a significant effect on weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency (P&lt;0.05). It was concluded that supplementation of 0.70% l-lysine HCl in feed gave optimum results to weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of broilers.

THE EFFECT OF DL-METHIONINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON BODY WEIGHT GAIN, FEED CONSUMPTION AND FEED EFFICIENCY OF BROILERS

The purpose of this experiment was to know the effect of dl-methionine supplementation in feed on the body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of broilers. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Study Program, Agricultural Faculty, University of Timor, Kefamenanu from December 2019 to January 2020. The experiment used 80 fourteen-day broilers. The method used in this research was an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments given were: T0 (control feed), T1 (T0 + 0.30% dl-methionine), T2 (T0 + 0.50% dl-methionine), and T3 (T0 + 0.70% dl-methionine). The variables observed were body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency. The results of the experiment showed that the treatment significantly affected the body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of broilers (P&lt;0.05). It was concluded that commercial feed supplemented with dl-methionine by 0.70% increased the growth performance of broilers.

AGE AT MENARCHE AND MENSTRUAL PATTERN OF VAT TEXTILE DYE-EXPOSED WORKERS AT ITOKU, ABEOKUTA, SOUTHWEST, NIGERIA

An eight-week study was carried out to compare the effect of dietary antibiotics, probiotic, organic acid and an herbal product on live performance, haematology and serum biochemical constituents of broilers. One hundred and five broilers aged one week were assigned into seven treatment groups(control, organic acid, probiotic, neomycin, herbal product, oxytetracycline and colistin). Each group was replicated three times with five broilers per repliocate.The broilers were fed with diet containing Basal diet (T , Control), 1g/kg Hamecosal inclusion diet (T ), 0.5g/kg Bio Vet-YC 1 2 inclusion diet (T ), 10mg/kg Neomycin inclusion diet (T ), 0.5g/kg Livfit Vet inclusion diet (T ), 3 4 5 10mg/kg Oxytetracycline inclusion diet (T ) and 10mg/kg Colistin inclusion diet (T ). The 6 7 experimental diets and drinking water were supplied add libitum to the broilers for a period of eight weeks. Weight measurement were weekly and weight gain, feed conversion ratio, percentage digestibility were calculated. Haematological and serological analyses were carried out with standard methods. Results showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in weight gain of broilers in the different treatment groups with the highest gain recorded in birds on probiotics. With the exception of birds on antibiotic Colistin, feed intake of supplemented birds was lower (P 0.05) in all treatments except ash and nitrogen free extract digestibilities (P<0.05). Among the haematological parameters, only Packed Cell Volume (PCV) was significantly affected by treatment effects (P<0.05). Similarly, only total protein differed significantly (P<0.05) among serum biochemical measurements.Fromthe findings of this study; probiotics, organic acids and herbal products can replace antibiotic growth promoters in broiler production.

Effect of dietary inclusion of guanidinoacetic acid on broiler performance

Background: Creatine and its precursor, guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), decrease protein degradation, avoiding amino acid offset to gluconeogenesis. Objective: To evaluate the inclusion of GAA in the pre-initial diet (1 to 7 days) on performance, digestibility, and blood parameters of broilers from one to 21 days of age. Methods: 252 male broiler chickens aged one day were distributed in a completely randomized design with seven replicates and 12 animals per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of a basal diet, and the basal added with 0.10 and 0.20% GAA. Results: From days 1 to 7, a tendency on improved feed conversion (FC) was observed for broilers receiving 0.20% GAA (p&lt;0.10). Between 7 and 14 days, FC improved, as well as a tendency was observed on improved weight gain in animals fed 0.20% GAA. Animals that received 0.20% GAA showed higher blood concentrations of creatine kinase. Blood creatine and blood glucose did not differ between treatments at day six. The assimilation coefficient of crude protein increased during days 3 to 7 for animals receiving 0.20% GAA. On the period between 17 and 21 days, no difference was observed between treatments. Intestinal weight and length did not show significant differences. Conclusion: Dietary inclusion of 0.20% GAA during the pre-initial stage could improve weight gain and feed conversion of broilers between 1 and 14 days of age.

Changes in the gut microbiota mediate the differential regulatory effects of two glucose oxidases produced by Aspergillus niger and Penicillium amagasakiense on the meat quality and growth performance of broilers

BackgroundGlucose oxidase (GOD), an aerobic dehydrogenase, has been used as an antibiotic substitute in feed. A study was conducted to evaluate the differential effects of 2 different GODs fermented by Aspergillus niger or Penicillium amagasakiense on caecal microbiota and to further illuminate the potential roles of changes in the gut microbiota in regulating the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens.ResultsA total of 420 one-day-old healthy Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: the control group, the antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) supplementation group, and the GOD-A and GOD-P (GODs produced by A. niger and P. amagasakiense, respectively) groups. As a result, supplementation with GOD produced by P. amagasakiense could significantly improve the average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake of broilers before 21 days of age by significantly increasing the enzymatic activities of jejunal amylase and those of ileal amylase, chymotrypsin, and lipase in 21-day-old broilers and could increase the enzymatic activities of duodenal amylase, jejunal amylase and lipase, and ileal chymotrypsin and lipase in 42-day-old broilers. Meanwhile, compared with AGP treatment, supplementation with GOD produced by P. amagasakiense significantly decreased the L value of 21-day-old broilers and the ΔpH and L* value of 42-day-old broilers, while supplementation with GOD produced by A. niger significantly increased the pH24 h value of 21-day-old and 42-day-old broilers by reducing plasma malondialdehyde content. By using 16S rRNA sequencing, we found that the beneficial bacteria and microbiota in broilers were not disturbed but were improved by GOD supplementation compared with ADP treatment, including the genera Eubacterium and Christensenella and the species uncultured_Eubacterium_sp, Clostridium_asparagiforme, and uncultured_Christensenella_sp, which were positively related to the improved intestinal digestive enzymatic activities, growth performance, and meat quality of broilers.ConclusionThe altered gut microbiota induced by supplementation with glucose oxidase produced by P. amagasakiense mediate better regulatory effects on the meat quality and growth performance of broilers than that induced by supplementation with glucose oxidase produced by A. niger.

Prebiotics Of Bio-Conversion Of Corn Flours (Zea Mays L) By Year Endomycopsis Fibuligera As An Alternative Of Antibiotic Replacement

In this study made prebiotic from bioconversion of corn flour (Zea mays L.) by yeast Endomycopsis fibuligera as an alternative substitute for antibiotics. In this study, the addition of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions aimed to determine the optimum type and concentration of metal ions (Na+, K+, and Mg2+) in corn flour fermentation media (Zea mays L) by Endomycopsis fibuligera yeast for producing prebiotic compounds and testing the effect of prebiotic compounds produced on broiler weight gain. The analysis carried out included: reducing sugars, α-amylase and glucoamylase enzyme activity, protein content and cell biomass. To determine the existence of a significant effect, the analysis was carried out on broiler body weight given prebiotic compounds which were added to optimum metal ions and which were given prebiotic compounds without the addition of metal ions. The results showed that the addition of optimum metal ions was obtained on Ca2+ ions with a concentration of 0.25%, where the reducing sugar content of 0.600 mg / mL, the activity of the enzyme α-amylase and glucoamylase 0.519 and 0.287 units / mL, protein content 2.724 mg / mL, cell biomass 10.8933 mg / mL, from observations and statistical tests carried out by giving prebotic compounds by adding metal ions and giving prebiotic compounds without adding metal ions influence broiler weight gain with an average weight difference of 261 grams or 15% on day 30

The Immunological Reactivity of Turkeys of Different Genotypes on the Action of Environmental Factors

The Immunological Reactivity of Turkeys of Different Genotypes on the Action of Environmental Factors

Pengaruh Pemberian Susu Afkir terhadap Konsumsi Pakan, Pertambahan Bobot Badan Harian dan Konversi Pakan Broiler

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of rejecting milk on drinking water on feed intake, daily body weight gain and feed conversion of broilers. The material of this study included 200 broilers aged 14 days given P0= drinking water treatment without giving an reject milk and P1= drinking water with the addition of rejected milk. Chickens were treated for 14 days and fed with PK= 22.0-23.0%, Fat= 5.0%, Calcium= 0.9%, Phospor= 0.6%, ME= 3050-3150 Kcal/Kg. In conclusion, rejected milk in drinking water has a significant effect on daily body weight gain, but does not significantly effect on feed intake and feed conversion. The daily body weight gain of P1 was higher than P0. &#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: broilers, daily weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, rejected dairy milk