Weight Control Research Articles

THE RELEVANCE OF THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROFESSIONAL IN GUIDING EXERCISE AND ITS BENEFITS FOR WOMEN DURING PREGNANCY

INTRODUCTION Thais papear explore lhe benfeito desligado fiscal exercesse durinha pregnancy and. Lhe importante desligado Professional Fiscal Educativo guinche too censure afeta and. Maximize positive out comes for pregam homem. The min ressarce problem. Si too understand show lhe pratique desligado fiscal activities, under especialize guinche, can. Influencie lhe fiscal and. Mental hialita desligado pregam homem. OBJECTIVE The stud ais too anualize and. Highlight lhe positive impactos desligado regular fiscal exercesse durinha pregnancy, as gel as lhe mede for propor professional guinche. METHODOLOGY The metodólogo involves a literature review, selecting and analyzing relevant studies that address lhe relationship between fiscal exercesse and gestational health, emphasizing lhe benefits and necessary precautions to avoid complications. It includes scientific articles, clinical practice guidelines, and recommendations from recognized health institutions, indicating that regular fiscal exercesse durinha pregnancy significantly contributes to lhe improvement off cardiovascular, muscular, and mental health in pregnant women, in addition to assisting in weight control and preventing gestational complications such as gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia. The presence off a Physical Education professional is crucial to adapting exercises to lhe individual needs off pregnant women and ensuring lhe correct execution off activities, minimizing risks. CONCLUSIONThis reaffirms lhe importance off fiscal exercesse durinha pregnancy, highlighting lhe mede for professional guinche to ensure safety and efficacy. The results obtained are relevant for promoting maternal and fetal health, suggesting that lhe inclusion off a Physical Education professional in lhe monitoring off pregnant women can enhance lhe benefits off exercesse.

The E3 ligase OsPUB33 controls rice grain size and weight by regulating the OsNAC120-BG1 module.

Grain size and weight are important determinants of crop yield. Although the ubiquitin pathway has been implicated in the grain development in rice (Oryza sativa), the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the Plant U-box (PUB) E3 ubiquitin ligase OsPUB33 interferes with the OsNAC120-BG1 module to control rice grain development. Functional loss of OsPUB33 triggers elevated photosynthetic rates and greater sugar translocation, leading to enhanced cell proliferation and accelerated grain filling. These changes cause enlarged spikelet hulls, thereby increasing final grain size and weight. OsPUB33 interacts with transcription factor OsNAC120, resulting in its ubiquitination and degradation. Unlike OsPUB33, OsNAC120 promotes grain size and weight: OsNAC120-overexpression plants harbor large and heavy grains, whereas osnac120 loss-of-function mutants produce small grains. Genetic interaction analysis supports that OsPUB33 and OsNAC120 function at least partially in a common pathway to control grain development, but have opposite functions. Additionally, OsNAC120 transcriptionally activates BIG GRAIN1 (BG1), a prominent modulator of grain size, whereas OsPUB33 impairs the OsNAC120-mediated regulation of BG1. Collectively, our findings uncover an important molecular framework for the control of grain size and weight by the OsPUB33-OsNAC120-BG1 regulatory module and provide promising targets for improving crop yield.

Unfavorably Altered Fibrin Clot Phenotype in Women Following Postpartum Hemorrhage of Unknown Cause: Effect of Lower Coagulation Factors.

Increased clot permeability and susceptibility to lysis have been reported in women with heavy menstrual bleeding. We hypothesized that similar alterations in fibrin clot properties may also be present in women with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) of unknown cause. To determine fibrin clot properties and their determinants in women after PPH of unknown cause. We studied 52 consecutive women, aged 35 years (27-40), after at least 3 months since PPH of unknown cause and 52 matched controls for age, weight, and fibrinogen. Coagulation factors (F), antithrombin, thrombin generation, along with a comprehensive plasma fibrin clot analysis including fibrin polymerization, clot permeability (K s), and fibrinolysis efficiency were determined. Women with PPH showed reduced activity of FII (-10.3%), FV (-6.6%), FIX (-6.5%), FX (-7.2%), and FXI (-5.7%) compared with the controls, though all values were within ranges (all p < 0.05). There were no intergroup differences in fibrinogen, FVIII, FXIII, and thrombin generation. The PPH group formed with a delay looser plasma fibrin network (K s; +16.3%, p = 0.008) with lower maximum absorbance and shorter clot lysis time (CLT; -13.5%, p = 0.001) compared with the controls. On multivariable logistic regression, PPH was independently associated with higher C-reactive protein (per 1 mg/L, odds ratio [OR] = 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-2.68), lower FII (per 1%, OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.98), lower FV (per 1%, OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.97), and shorter CLT (per 1 minute, OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98). Prohemorrhagic fibrin clot properties, with lower, though normal coagulation factors, characterize women with PPH of unknown cause, which suggests novel mechanisms contributing to this type of bleeding.

Fasting in Judo—Between Healthy Weight Control and Health Hazard: A Narrative Review

Rapid weight loss strategies and weight cycling (losing and gaining weight repeatedly) are acknowledged problems in sports with weight categories, including judo. Extreme fasting, especially if combined with dehydration and intense physical exercise, may harm health and development, particularly those of children and teenagers engaging in judo competitions. However, there is substantial evidence for positive health effects of other forms of fasting. Here, we aim to provide an updated overview of the potential health risks associated with extreme dietary strategies in judo and contrast them with health-promoting fasting approaches. We conclude that the literature on the long-term health consequences of fasting in judo is scarce. This applies specifically to its potential association with eating disorders. Although many reports have highlighted the short-term risks of rapid weight loss, vulnerability and protection factors remain poorly understood. Rigorous scientific studies are needed to disentangle the factors that render fasting in judo healthy or unhealthy, considering both physical and mental health. We argue that a better understanding of weight management in judo is crucial to preventing health risks and designing healthy weight loss strategies, especially for young athletes.

Impact of Dietary Fatty Acid Composition on the Intestinal Microbiota and Fecal Metabolism of Rats Fed a High-Fructose/High-Fat Diet

Background/Objectives: An inappropriate intake of dietary fats can disrupt the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota, affect the host’s metabolic status, and increase the risk of chronic diseases. The impact of dietary fat types on the composition and metabolic functionality of the intestinal microbiota has become a research focus over recent years. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of regular peanut oil (PO) and high-oleic-acid peanut oil (HOPO) on the composition and metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota. Methods: A dietary intervention test was conducted on SD rats fed a high-fat/high-fructose (HFF) diet. The composition and metabolic functionality of the intestinal microbiota of the experimental rats were investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fecal metabolomics. Results: Compared with saturated fat, PO and HOPO enhanced the diversity of intestinal microbiota in HFF diet-fed rats. Compared with PO, HOPO significantly increased the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Harryflintia (p &lt; 0.05), which are able to generate butyrate and acetate. Compared with saturated fat, 318 and 271 fecal biomarkers were identified in PO and HOPO groups, respectively. In contrast, 68 fecal biomarkers were identified between the PO and HOPO groups. The inhibition of harmful proteolytic fermentation in the colon may represent the main regulatory mechanism. With regard to metabolic status, HOPO provided better control of body weight and insulin sensitivity than PO. Conclusions: Compared with saturated fat, peanut oils better regulated the composition and metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota. In addition, HOPO exhibited better regulatory effects than PO.

Межличностная чувствительность, страх негативной оценки внешности и стыд собственного тела у девочек-подростков с расстройствами пищевого поведения

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study relevance.&lt;/strong&gt; Recent years have been marked by the rising frequency of eating disorders (EDs) and the growing popularity of various weight control behaviors in adolescents. Although numerous studies have shown that interpersonal functioning is impaired in people with EDs, personal traits reinforcing these impairments have not been studied enough. &lt;strong&gt;Objective&lt;/strong&gt;. The study focused on the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity, fear of negative appearance evaluation, body shame and weight control behaviors in clinical (n=54) and community (n=54) samples of adolescent girls (aged 13&amp;mdash;17). &lt;strong&gt;Method&lt;/strong&gt;. The participants filled out a survey and 3 measures in person. The measures included Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (Boyce, Parker, 1989; Razvaliaeva, Polskaya, 2021), Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation scale (Lundgren et al., 2004; Razvaliaeva, Polskaya, 2020), and Phenomenological Body Shame Scale-Revised (Siegel et al., 2021). &lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;. Girls with EDs reported food restrictions, purging, body measurements and multiple weight control behaviors, whereas girls from the community sample reported engaging in sports as a weight control behavior. Fear of negative appearance evaluation, body shame and interpersonal sensitivity score significantly higher in girls with EDs; the first 2 traits are also related to numerous weight control behaviors. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;. The study was the first to show that interpersonal sensitivity, fear of negative appearance evaluation and body shame were more pronounced in Russian-speaking adolescent girls with EDs, especially in girls with numerous weight control behaviors.&lt;/p&gt;

Relationship of Body Composition and PMS Symptoms: A Systematic Review

Aims: Recent studies show that body composition is one of the most important factors in the menstrual cycle. The purpose of this study is to investigate more comprehensively the effect of body composition and anthropometric indicators on the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Materials and Methods: This study is a secondary study that is considered a systematic review according to the implementation method. The statistical population is all the studies that have dealt with the issue of the effect of anthropometric indicators on PMS from different aspects. Results: The final synthesis was performed on 7 articles after screening the studies. The synthesis of articles related to the relationship between anthropometric indicators on PMS showed that 47.8% of women in the world have PMS, with the highest prevalence being reported in Iran at 98%. Studies have shown that the incidence of PMS, increased appetite, and weight gain in women with a BMI greater than 25 kg / m2 is more common. Weight gain causes endocrine disorders that lead secretion of more sex hormones in obese or overweight women, which in turn leads to the symptoms of PMS. Studies have shown a direct and significant relationship between PMS symptoms waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WTHR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), which according to the results, more central fat mass in women causes more severe symptoms of this syndrome. Also, studies showed that the risk of depression and anxiety in women with PMS with a higher BMI and body fat mass is higher. Conclusion: Weight control and improvement of eating habits, can be effective in reducing the incidence of PMS symptoms. Furthermore, the high prevalence of PMS in studies requires further investigation and principled interventions with regard to physical and mental factors in this period.

Efficacy of single anastomosis sleeve-ileal bypass in weight control and resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus – a retrospective cohort study

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder exacerbated by obesity. Single Anastomosis Sleeve-Ileal Bypass (SASI) has emerged as a promising metabolic bariatric procedure that combines sleeve gastrectomy and ileal bypass, facilitating substantial weight loss and T2DM remission through restrictive and malabsorptive mechanisms. This study aims to evaluate the effects of SASI on T2DM remission, weight loss, and safety in one year follow-up. A retrospective cohort study analyzed 31 patients with obesity and T2DM who underwent SASI. Data collected included demographic characteristics, preoperative and postoperative BMI, HbA1c levels, and bariatric outcomes, including %TWL and T2DM changes. The mean age was 45 years, with a mean preoperative BMI of 40.7 kg/m². One year postoperatively, the mean %EWL was 85.6% and %TWL was 31.7%. T2DM remission was achieved in 24 (77.4%) patients, improvement in 4 (12.9%), and no change in 3 (9.7%). Hypertension improved in 21 (87.5%) patients, with 12 (50%) achieving remission. Significant reductions in BMI and HbA1c levels were observed (p < 0.001). Responders (R) and non-responders (NR) groups showed significant differences in postoperative BMI and %EWL (p = 0.007, p = 0.023). One patient experienced a Clavien-Dindo Grade III complication; no deaths occurred. SASI is an effective and safe procedure for treating T2DM, resulting in significant weight loss and metabolic improvements over a one-year follow-up. SASI seems to be a favorable option for T2DM management in metabolic bariatric surgery.

Restricted Feeding Of Weight Control Diets Induces Weight Loss And Affects Body Composition, Voluntary Physical Activity, Blood Metabolites, Hormones, And Oxidative Stress Markers, And Fecal Metabolites And Microbiota Of Obese Cats.

Feline obesity puts many cats at risk for comorbidities such as hepatic lipidosis, diabetes mellitus, urinary tract diseases, and others. Restricted feeding of specially formulated diets may improve feline health and safely support weight loss while maintaining lean mass. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of restricted intake of weight control diets on weight loss, body composition, voluntary physical activity, serum metabolic and inflammatory markers, and fecal metabolites and microbiota of obese cats. Twenty-four obese adult domestic shorthair cats [body weight (BW) = 5.51 ± 0.92kg; body condition score (BCS) = 8.44 ± 0.53] were used. A leading grocery brand diet was fed during a 4-wk baseline to identify intake needed to maintain BW. After baseline (wk 0), cats were allotted to one of two weight control diets (DRY or CAN) and fed to lose 1.5% BW per wk for 18wk. At baseline and 6, 12, 18wk after weight loss, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans were performed, blood and fecal samples were collected, and voluntary physical activity was measured. Change from baseline data were analyzed statistically using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS, with P<0.05 being significant and P<0.10 being trends. BW was reduced by 1.54 ± 0.51% per wk. Restricted feeding of both diets led to BW (P<0.01) and fat mass loss (P<0.01), reduced BCS (P<0.01), reduced leptin (P<0.01) and insulin (P<0.01) concentrations, and increased superoxide dismutase (P<0.01) and active ghrelin (P<0.01) concentrations. Change from baseline fecal scores were reduced (P<0.01) with restricted feeding and weight loss, while total short-chain fatty acid, acetate, and propionate concentration reductions were greater (P<0.05) in cats fed CAN than those fed DRY. Fecal bacterial alpha diversity measures increased (P<0.01) with restricted feeding and weight loss. Fecal bacterial beta diversity was altered by time in all cats, with wk 0 being different (P<0.05) than wk 6, 12, and 18. Change from baseline relative abundances of 3 fecal bacterial phyla and over 30 fecal bacterial genera were impacted (P<0.05) or tended to be impacted (P<0.10) by dietary treatment. Our data demonstrate that restricted feeding of both weight control diets was an effective means for weight loss in obese adult domestic cats. Some changes were also impacted by diet, highlighting the importance of diet formulation and format, and nutrient composition in weight control diets.

Degree of joint risk factor control and incident chronic kidney disease among individuals with obesity.

To investigate the extent to which joint risk factor control might attenuate the excess risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in participants with obesity. We included a total of 97 538 participants who were obese at baseline and matched 97 538 normal weight control participants from the UK Biobank in the analysis. The degree of joint risk factor control was assessed based on six major CKD risk factors, including blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, albuminuria, smoking and physical activity. The Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations between the degree of risk factor control and risk of CKD, following participants from their baseline assessment until the occurrence of CKD, death, or the end of the follow-up period. Among participants with obesity, joint risk factor control showed an association with a stepwise reduction of incident CKD risk. Each additional risk factor control corresponded to an 11% (hazard ratio: 0.89; 95% confidence interval: 0.86-0.91) reduced risk of CKD among participants with obesity, with the optimal controlling of all six risk factors associated with a 49% (hazard ratio: 0.51; 95% confidence interval: 0.43-0.61) decrease in risk of CKD. Furthermore, in individuals with obesity who jointly controlled all six risk factors, the excess risk of CKD associated with obesity was effectively neutralized compared with normal weight control subjects. Notably, the protective correlations between the degree of joint risk factor control and the incidence of CKD were more pronounced in men compared with women, in individuals with a lower healthy food score versus a higher score, and among diabetes medication users as opposed to non-users (pinteraction = 0.017, 0.033 and 0.014, respectively). The joint risk factor control is associated with an inverse association of CKD risk in an accumulative manner among individuals with obesity. Achieving ideal control over risk factors may effectively counterbalance the excessive risk of CKD typically associated with obesity.

Development of the two-factor modified Kids Eating Disorder Survey (M-KEDS): a validation study with hispanic adolescents

BackgroundDisordered eating behaviors and body dissatisfaction are highly prevalent among adolescents and linked to negative health outcomes. While Hispanic adolescents appear to be at high risk of disordered eating and body dissatisfaction, validated tools for assessment of these health concerns among this population are lacking.MethodsThis study used Confirmatory Factor Analysis to establish factorial validity for the Kids Eating Disorder Survey (KEDS) among a community sample of Hispanic adolescents. Internal consistency was measured by the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20).ResultsParticipants (N = 690) were Hispanic (100%) and female (53%), with a mean age of 12 years. After testing the psychometric properties of KEDS and implementing modifications, the resulting two-factor KEDS model (M-KEDS) showed acceptable fit (TLI = 0.98, CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.06) for the Weight Dissatisfaction (renamed to Negative Weight Attitudes) and Purging/Restriction (renamed to Extreme Weight Control Behaviors) sub-scales and good internal consistency (KR-20 = 0.77).ConclusionM-KEDS is a factorial valid instrument for assessing Extreme Weight Control Behaviors and Negative Weight Attitudes among Hispanic adolescents. Hispanics are among the fastest-growing racial/ethnic groups in the United States, warranting further research on negative weight attitudes and extreme weight control behaviors in this population.

A Study on the Effects of Obesity Stress and Body Shape Awareness on Physical Aesthetics in Adult Women after the Pandemic through Self-efficacy

This study investigated the relationship between obesity stress in adult women after the pandemic and body image awareness and the mediating effect of self-efficacy. The survey was conducted from June 1, 2023 to August 31, 2023, and the study sample was adult women in their 20s to 50s nationwide, with a convenience sample of 704 people used as the final analysis data. In summary, it was found that factors of body shape awareness such as awareness of obesity, body shape awareness, and weight control behavior increased due to factors of obesity stress such as surrounding awareness, negative behavioral emotions, and disease concerns due to weight gain after the pandemic. It can be interpreted to mean that there is a relationship between obesity stress and body shape awareness. Self-efficacy was shown to play a mediating role in body shape awareness and physical beauty consciousness of adult women’s obesity stress. These results show that although obesity stress increased after the pandemic, the more positively one recognizes one’s body shape, the more self-efficacy, which is the ability to solve one’s own problems and overcome obstacles, is increased, which helps one live a beautiful and healthy life. In addition, it was confirmed that the improvement of self-efficacy in adult women played a mediating role as a catalyst. Through this study, we hope to help solve the social disease of obesity by developing a more systematic program and active education so that people can pursue health and beauty by themselves and prevent the yo-yo phenomenon and its side effects through correct body shape recognition, body shape satisfaction, and weight control behavior through correct body shape recognition and self-belief or faith. We also hope to help solve the social disease of obesity by developing a more systematic program and active education so that people can pursue health through dieting.

Case report: Pediatric hepatopulmonary syndrome despite strict weight control after craniopharyngioma surgery

Childhood-onset craniopharyngiomas, though rare, are intracranial malformations that can cause obesity by disrupting the hypothalamus, a condition that often persists even after tumor resection. This severe obesity increases the risk of diabetes and fatty liver disease in childhood. Concurrently, panhypopituitarism, including growth hormone (GH) deficiency, may develop. Notably, some individuals with GH deficiency may exhibit a normal growth rate, making GH therapy unnecessary for growth purposes. However, in these cases, GH therapy may still be beneficial in preventing the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Although weight management is traditionally considered the gold standard for preventing liver cirrhosis, its effectiveness can be limited by hypothalamic dysfunction and the difficulty of achieving successful weight control. Our case study highlights a patient with normal growth despite GH deficiency, who did not receive GH replacement therapy and continued to struggle with hypothalamic obesity. Despite effective body weight control, the patient developed hepatopulmonary syndrome, indicating that relying solely on weight management may not be sufficient to prevent liver complications. This case underscores the importance of addressing GH deficiency even when growth is normal. Our findings suggest that GH replacement therapy could be beneficial for preventing liver cirrhosis in such cases.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYEPICHLOROHYDRIN DIOLS

Polyepichlorohydrin (PECH) is a functional polymer with high value in energy materials. Cationic ring-opening polymerization of epichlorohydrin (ECH) with a diol initiator and Lewis or protic acids catalyst, proceeds through an activated monomer mechanism (AM) allowing control of the polymer's average molecular weight and polydispersity index. In the present investigation, PECH diol was synthesized under the catalysis of boron trifluoride etherate, with the ECH monomer:ethylene glycol as an initiator molar ratio of 1:0.045, achieving a low molecular weight nM = 1935 g/mol, low polydispersity index PDI = 1.25, predominantly in the linear chain configuration with the terminal hydroxyl group.

Influence of Gut Microflora on Eating Disorders

Eating disorders (EDs) have attracted extensive attention worldwide as a disease that seriously affects eating behaviour and weight control. The impact and pathogenesis of the gut microbiota in EDs remain important research directions and have sparked interest in developing treatments for these conditions. This review examines the intricate interactions between the gut microbiota and the gut-brain (GB) axis, and Eds focuses on bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and anorexia nervosa (AN). According to the findings, the pathophysiology of AN and BED is correlated with lower levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and beneficial bacteria in the gut microbiota. In addition, as a key mediator, the GB axis affects the neural pathways and behaviours between the brain and the gut, thereby exacerbating EDs symptoms. This review highlights the potential of gut microbiota-targeted therapies as adjunctive treatments for EDs. However, this study also has certain limitations. For example, more investigation is required to explore the clear mechanism and causal relationship between the gut microbiome and other EDs. Future studies should clarify the function of gut bacteria in EDs and advance treatment strategies.

Memristive Artificial Synapses Based on Brownmillerite for Endurable Weight Modulation.

Exploring a computing paradigm that blends memory and computation functions is essential for artificial synapses. While memristors for artificial synapses are widely studied due to their energy-efficient structures, random filament conduction in general memristors makes them less preferred for endurability in long-term synaptic modulation. Herein, the topotactic phase transition (TPT) in brownmillerite-phased (110)-SrCoO2.5 (SCO2.5) is harnessed to enhance the reversibility of oxygen ion migration through 1-D oxygen vacancy channels. By employing a heteroepitaxial structured 2-terminal configuration of Au/SCO2.5/SrRuO3/SrTiO3, the brownmillerite SCO2.5-based synapse artificial synapses are exploited. Demonstration of the TPT behavior is corroborated by comparing oxygen migration energy by density-functional theory calculations and experimental results, and by monitoring the voltage pulse-induced peak shift in the Raman spectra of SCO2.5. With the voltage pulse-driven TPT behaviors, it is reliably characterized by linear, symmetric, and endurable long-term potentiation and depression performances. Notably, the durability of the TPT-based weight control mechanism is demonstrated by achieving consistent and noise-free weight updates over 32 000 iterations across 640 cycles. Furthermore, learning performances based on deep neural networks and convolutional neural networks on various image datasets yielded very high recognition accuracy. The work offers valuable insights into designing memristive synapses that enable reliable weight updates in neural networks.

Current Status of Semaglutide Injection andDevelopment Prospects in China

Obesity is a global issue that closely affects public health, and China’s obesity rate is among the highest in the world. Recently, Semaglutide injection was approved for marketing in China as the first weekly formulation for long-term weight control. This review consolidates and analyzes various types of research related to Semaglutide regarding weight loss, to comprehensively describe the different aspects of the drug. As a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), Semaglutide works by mimicking the action of innate hormone to enhance the cell signaling activity and corresponding outcome. It has been approved to effectively reduce weight and improve weight-related factors in overweight or obese patients with a guaranteed safety profile. Comparing to traditional methods of losing weight, this medication is time and effort-saving, which makes it highly competitive in this field. Although there are still unsolved issues and challenges faced by the drug, such as high price and acceptance among doctors and patients, it is highly likely to become a new and anticipated method of weight management in China

Polyalkenamers as Drop-In Additives for Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: A Promising Upcycling Paradigm.

We report a distinct strategy to upcycle waste polyalkenamers such as polybutadiene into new, performance-advantaged materials by using them as drop-in additives for ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The polyalkenamers serve as competent chain-transfer agents in ROMPs of common classes of cyclic olefin monomers, facilitating good molecular weight control, allowing low Ru catalyst loadings, and enabling efficient incorporation of the polyalkenamer into the synthesized polymeric material. We successfully demonstrate ROMP using model polyalkenamers and translate these learnings to leverage commercial polybutadiene and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) as chain transfer agents for ROMP copolymerizations. Critically, our strategy is shown to be highly efficient and operationally simple, quantitatively incorporating the polyalkenamer and inheriting aspects of its thermomechanical performance. Our results highlight a promising pathway for the upcycling of polyalkenamers and provide an alternative to existing deconstruction and functional upcycling strategies.

Assessing the effectiveness of health belief model-based educational interventions on weight control intentions among Malaysians

Obesity and overweight are major health concerns, with a 19.7% prevalence among Malaysian adults, as reported in the 2019 National Health and Morbidity Survey. This study assessed the effectiveness of an educational intervention on weight control intention using the Health Belief Model (HBM). A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving 140 participants equally divided into an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG). Post-intervention, the IG showed significant improvement in perceived self-efficacy in dieting (mean score 3.96 ± 0.85) compared to the CG (3.76 ± 0.86, p = 0.003). Perceived self-efficacy in exercise also increased in the IG (4.12 ± 0.52) compared to the CG (3.51 ± 0.94, p < 0.001). While behavioral intention scores improved in the IG (4.00 ± 0.59), the difference was not significant (p = 0.300). This study highlights that educational interventions using HBM can effectively improve self-efficacy and influence weight control behaviors.

Trend of body mass index and its impact on glycemic control in Finnish patients with type 2 diabetes

Abstract Background Obesity prevalence has increased in Finland and is prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Understanding the trend in body mass index (BMI) and its impact on glycemic control helps in the assessment of treatment strategies for T2D. We aimed to investigate the current trend in BMI among Finnish patients with T2D and the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) control across different BMI categories. Methods Regional data on electronic health records (EHRs) covering all public health care in North Karelia, Finland, were used. Patients with T2D (ICD-10 code E11) in 2012-2022 were identified from EHRs. In each study year, patients with ≥1 measurement of BMI and HbA1c were included in data analysis. Generalized estimating equations regression analyses were performed to evaluate the trends. Results The annual number of patients in the analyses ranged from 5149 to 10216 in 2012-2022. The unadjusted mean BMI remained stable. However, an increasing trend in BMI was observed in the age-adjusted model and remained unchanged with further adjustment for sex, duration of diabetes, and antidiabetic medication use, reflecting the aging of the patient population and lower BMI in aged patients. Patients with higher BMI had higher HbA1c levels in 2012-2022. The increasing trends in HbA1c over time were observed across different BMI categories (except for the obsess class III) accounting for age, sex, and duration of diabetes. However, a decreasing trend in HbA1c was found in the obese class III category with further adjustment for antidiabetic medication use, along with the highest usage rates of the new antidiabetic medications during the follow-up. Conclusions Our findings suggest that weight management requires increased attention in Finnish patients with T2D and is also important for better glycemic control. Multimodal treatment, including effective lifestyle counseling, self-care support, and medication management, is needed. Key messages • More attention and resources are needed to achieve optimal weight control. • Weight management could aid in better glycemic control.