Weight Control Research Articles

Understanding Adult’s Experiences and Perceptions of How to Maintain Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Qualitative Synthesis

Abstract Background Many adults do not meet physical activity recommendations for optimal health, and this is often because people find it difficult to maintain physical activity in the long term. This study focuses on identifying and synthesising factors that may influence the maintenance of physical activity in adults with and without known health conditions. Method A systematic review and qualitative synthesis using thematic analysis was conducted. Four databases (MEDLINE, SPORT Discus, APA, and Web of Science) were systematically searched for studies published from inception to February 2023 that included qualitative data about people’s experiences of maintaining physical activity. Results A total of 9337 abstracts were screened and 68 studies from 14 countries were included. Six main themes were identified: (1) influence of others (e.g. four forms of social support, accountability); (2) contextual and environmental influences (e.g. cost and access of physical activity, weather); (3) health-related influences (e.g. reflexivity about how physical activity improves health conditions, weight control); (4) making it work (e.g. flexibility, prioritising exercise); (5) habits; and (6) psychological processes (e.g. enjoyment, identifying as a physically active person). Conclusion People who maintained their participation in physical activity found it enjoyable, prioritised it, and integrated it into their daily routine. Participants were motivated to continue being physically active when they realised the benefits for their health. Social support, in particular companion support, was a key component facilitating continued engagement. Findings specific to maintenance of physical activity included reflexivity of how physical activity benefited health, flexibility, and identifying as a physically active person.

Determinants of child body weight categorization in parents and health care professionals: Anexperimental study.

Parents infrequently recognize childhood overweight/obesity and healthcare professionals (HCPs) also struggle to visually identify it, potentially limiting the offer and uptake of weight management support. This study examined perceptual and attitudinal/cognitive determinants of child weight judgements amongst parents and HCPs to identify targets for intervention. We used a mixed experimental design with parents and HCPs as the between-participants factor. Stimulus gender, age and BMI centile were the within-participant repeated measures factors. One hundred and fifty-six HCPs and 249 parents of children aged 4-5 or 10-11 years viewed simulated child images. They estimated their relative size and categorized the weight status of each figure. Stimuli were photo-realistic figural scales based on 3D-scans of 4- to 5- and 10- to 11-year-old children varying in adiposity. Participants also reported their beliefs about causes, controllability and categorization of child weight. Both groups accurately estimated the figures' relative size. However, categorization of higher weight figures was poor, demonstrating a mismatch between perceptual judgements of size and categorization of weight status. Lower levels of comfort with assigning 'overweight' categorizations to children, and a stronger belief that weight was controllable by the child/parent, predicted less accurate weight status categorizations. Parental and HCP misperceptions when categorizing children's higher weight are related to attitudinal/cognitive factors, including reluctance to label a child's weight status as overweight and beliefs about whether a child's weight can be controlled by them or their family.

The role of anti-aging approaches in managing hypogonadism in sedentary older males

IntroductionWith thirty percent of the world’s population not getting enough exercise, Worldwide, physical inactivity ranks as one of the most common causes of premature mortality. Rapid drops in physical activity, decreased mobility, and early morbidity are aging characteristics. As the population over 80 continues to rise, aging raises the danger of age-related illnesses and changes in hormone release.AimUnderstanding the aging process is useful in developing pharmacological therapies and identifying therapeutic targets for age-related testosterone deficiency. Therefore, this study’s purpose is to present a thorough evaluation of the effects of anti-aging strategies on testosterone levels in older, inactive men.MethodsA literature search was completed for clinical and preclinical studies published in English between 2014 and 2024 related to age, sedentary life, testosterone, and anti-aging strategies.ResultsA sedentary lifestyle and low testosterone are linked to a vicious cycle. A sedentary lifestyle lowers testosterone levels, which leads to depression, exhaustion, low energy, and weakened bone and muscle strength. These effects exacerbate the detrimental consequences of aging and physical inactivity. Anti-aging techniques can prevent and treat age-related diseases, including calorie restriction, a balanced diet, regular exercise, weight control, diabetes management, and quitting smoking. Regular exercise raises total testosterone, free testosterone, and muscle steroidogenesis. In older men, testosterone replacement treatment increases bone density, cholesterol, protein synthesis, strength, erectile function, sexual desire, and general cognitive performance. However, some studies suggest dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation may provide health improvements without negative effects, potentially reversing arterial aging and reducing cardiovascular disease risk.ConclusionThis article evaluates the prospects for anti-aging procedures to assist in reducing the adverse effects of aging and physical inactivity in men.

Recommender systems use in weight management mHealth interventions: A scoping review.

The use of recommender systems in mobile health apps for weight control has grown, but user app uptake and engagement remain limited. The objective of our scoping review was to explore the influence of recommender systems on mHealth app user engagement, identify the theoretical frameworks that have been applied on digital health interventions designed for weight management, and examine the key aspects that support tailoring user engagement through recommender systems. Based on existing literature, we identified 13 articles on recommender systems for weight management. Themes emerged, including theoretical underpinnings, authors' domain knowledge, user motivation, and design. Most studies used constructs from the social cognitive theory. We found inconsistencies between authors' domain knowledge and the intervention's content, with few professionals from the health and psychology fields. Only 46% of articles measured user engagement, whereas gamification and tailored messages were common app features. Despite some positive weight change results, more attention is needed toward implementing behavior theory and other strategies to promote app user engagement. Future studies should more accurately measure user motivation and identify the best features and behavioral constructs to increase app user interaction. Larger studies with a more diverse population are needed to generalize findings and evaluate weight loss maintenance and physical activity habits among users of recommender system.

Next-visit prediction and prevention of hypertension using large-scale routine health checkup data.

This paper proposes the use of machine learning models to predict one's risk of having hypertension in the future using their routine health checkup data of their current and past visits to a health checkup center. The large-scale and high-dimensional dataset used in this study comes from MJ Health Research Foundation in Taiwan. The training data for models is separated into 5 folds and used to train 5 models in a 5-fold cross validation manner. While predicting the results for the test set, the voted result of 5 models is used as the final prediction. Experimental results show that our models achieve 69.59% of precision, 77.90% of recall, and 73.51% of F1-score, which outperforms a baseline using only the blood pressure of visitors' last visits. Experiments also show that a visitor who performs a health checkup more often can be predicted better, and models trained with selected important factors achieve better results than those trained with Framingham risk score. We also demonstrate the possibility of using our models to suggest visitors for weight control by adding virtual visits that assume their body weight can be reduced in the near future to model input. Experimental results show that around 5.48% of the people who are with high Body Mass Index of the true positive cases are rejudged as negative, and a rising trend appears when adding more virtual visits, which may be used to suggest visitors that controlling their body weight for a longer time lead to lower probability of having hypertension in the future.

Factors Affecting Life Satisfaction Among People With Physical Disabilities During COVID-19: Observational Evidence from a Korean Cohort Study.

To determine the factors influencing the life satisfaction of people with physical disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic, considering demographics, disability-related characteristics, health behaviors, and psychosocial characteristics. We used cross-sectional data from 301 respondents of the 2021/2022 survey of the Korean Health Cohort Study for People with Physical Disabilities. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the research subjects' characteristics, and chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression were used to identify the determinants of life satisfaction. Among socio demographic variables, occupation had a strong association with life satisfaction. Significant health behavior variables included daily regular meals, weight control effort, and chronic pain. All psychosocial characteristics (perceived stress, depression, suicidal ideation, cognitive function assessment, subjective health status, family satisfaction, income satisfaction) were strongly associated with life satisfaction. Results of the analysis of factors affecting life satisfaction showed that unemployment, lack of regular exercise, elevated stress, suicidal thoughts, and dissatisfaction with family contributed to increased life dissatisfaction. Economic support through job creation that considers the specific characteristics of people with disabilities, and social access through community integration services that encourage participation in social activities, should be prioritized.

Abstract 4135708: Obesity and the risk of cardiac death in coronary artery disease

Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide reaching epidemic proportions. Obesity increases the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), but there is little prospective evidence about the effect of obesity on the risk of cardiac death in CAD patients. Aim: We aimed to investigate the effect of obesity and the risk of cardiac death in a prospective cohort of CAD patients. Methods: We have prospectively enrolled 1,946 patients with CAD (mean age 66.9±8.6, 68% male), with a mean follow-up of 8.7±2.2 years. BMI was measured at baseline and was categorized into 4 groups: 1) BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m 2 (normal weight, reference group), 2) BMI 25-29.9 kg/m 2 (overweight), 3) BMI 30-34.9 kg/m 2 (class 1 obesity), and 4) BMI >35 kg/m 2 (class 2 obesity). The primary endpoint was cardiac death and secondary endpoints were sudden cardiac death/arrest (SCD/SCA), non-sudden cardiac death, non-cardiac death, and heart failure (HF) hospitalization. Statistical analysis was performed with Cox regression and was adjusted for age, sex, type 2 diabetes, CCS class, kidney function (eGFR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL, smoking, SYNTAX score, and left ventricle ejection fraction. Results: The prevalence of BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m 2 was 18.5% (n=359), BMI 25-29.9 kg/m 2 was 47.8% (n=929), BMI 30-34.9 kg/m 2 was 24.0% (n=466), and BMI>35 kg/m 2 was 9.7% (n=189). During the follow-up, cardiac death occurred in 156 subjects, SCD/SCA in 75 subjects, non-sudden cardiac death in 81 subjects, and non-cardiac death in 197 subjects. BMI >35 kg/m 2 was associated with an increased trend of cardiac death (adjusted HR 1.92, 95% CI 0.92-4.01; p=0.08) and an increased risk of non-sudden cardiac death (adjusted HR 4.11, 95% CI 1.58-10.68; p=0.004) and HF hospitalization (adjusted HR 2.83, 95% CI 1.06-7-54; p=0.04), but not with SCD/SCA (adjusted HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.24-2.56; p=0.69) or noncardiac death (adjusted HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.43-1.69; p=0.64). The risk of cardiac death or secondary endpoints was not increased in patients with overweight or class 1 obesity. Conclusions: Class 2 obesity was associated with an increased risk of non-sudden cardiac death and heart failure hospitalization among CAD patients. Obesity may have adverse long-term effects on cardiac function and prognosis among CAD patients, supporting the benefit of optimal weight control therapy.

Impact of fruits and vegetables consumption on metabolic health: a case–control study

Abstract Background According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is recommended to consume more than 400 grams of (fruits + vegetables) per day to enhance healthful lifestyle and to lower the incidence of metabolic illnesses. Their low glycemic index helps prevent spikes in blood sugar, consequently controlling hunger. Our aim was to study the reflection of the intake of fruits and that of vegetables on metabolic risks in obese children. Results A case–control research enrolled 90 Egyptian children (44 obese and 46 normal weight control children) aged from 5 to 11 years. Thirty-three out of 46 controls (71.7%) consumed vegetables on a daily basis compared to only 27 (61.4%) among cases. As regards fruits, the daily consumption was frequented more among the obese group 25 (58.1%) and less frequented among the control group 20 (43.5%). No significant associations were found between vegetables/fruits’ consumption and the specified metabolic markers of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. Conclusion The role of fruits and vegetables is still debatable. In our study, the daily intake of fruits and vegetables was not significantly associated with changes in blood sugar or lipid levels.

Abstract 4125957: Feasibility and Acceptability of Behavioral Weight Loss Programs for Men in Trade and Labor Occupations

Objective: Men who work in trade and labor occupations experience high rates of obesity and related cardiovascular disease due to high rates of sedentary leisure time and poor diet. Despite this, they are underrepresented in weight control programs. This pilot randomized trial evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a 6-month program tailored to this occupational group versus a non-tailored standard-of-care behavioral weight loss program. Methods: Men with overweight or obesity working in trade and labor occupations were randomly assigned to either a tailored program or the DPP Group Lifestyle Balance program delivered via 16 one-hour virtual group sessions. In-person assessments were conducted at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Semi-structured interviews and self-report were used to assess the acceptability of the interventions. Feasibility was assessed using recruitment metrics and proportion group sessions and study assessments completed. Results: Participants (N = 28; median 44.0 years, interquartile range (IQR): 38.5-54.5), median 31.8 BMI, IQR 31.1-39.6) were recruited into the study over 7 months, and 71% and 79% were retained for assessments at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Overall, participants attended a median of 7 of the 16 group sessions (IQR 2.5-11.5). The tailored group completed a median of 11 of 16 weekly online progress reports (IQR 5-15). All participants reported that they would recommend the programs to other men and felt confident that they would continue using the strategies learned in the programs. Though the trial focused on feasibility rather than efficacy, median weight losses at 6 months were -3.0% in the tailored group (95% CI -9.3, -0.6) and -1.9% in the standard group (95% CI -7.4, 2.0). Conclusions: Results suggest that both the tailored and standard weight loss interventions were well received by this group, but engagement was low. Future research should focus on understanding how to increase engagement rather than exclusively tailoring the program to this occupational group to enhance this group's involvement with cardiovascular disease prevention programs.

Association between selenium biomarkers and insulin resistance in women with obesity: A case-control study.

Although literature demonstrates controversial results regarding the association between selenium and glucose metabolism, no studies have specifically targeted a population with obesity even though this group is vulnerable to insulin resistance. To evaluate the association between selenium biomarkers and insulin resistance in women with obesity. This case-control study recruited 84 women with obesity and 129 with healthy weight (control). Selenium intake was assessed by 3-day food record. Selenium concentration in plasma, erythrocyte, and urine was assessed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Serum glucose, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were assessed in a fasting blood sample. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Beta Cell Function (HOMA-β) and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance were calculated according to standard methods. Women with obesity had higher dietary selenium intake in comparison to the control group (p < 0.001). Further, the plasma and erythrocyte concentrations were lower in individuals with obesity (p < 0.001), while selenium in urine was higher (p < 0.001) than in controls. No significant differences in insulin resistance markers were observed between groups. Selenium intake was positively associated with HOMA-β in both groups. In women with obesity, selenium intake was also positively associated with insulin and HbA1c, while in the controls the clearance of selenium was negatively associated with insulin and HbA1c. There was a positive correlation between dietary selenium intake, fasting insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-β (p < 0.05). Women with obesity present impaired selenium metabolism. Further, we observed an association between dietary selenium and markers of insulin resistance, which may reflect the possible negative action of selenium on insulin signaling.

Design and Depolymerization of Bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) Terephthalate‐Containing Polyurethanes for Vat Photopolymerization

AbstractVat photopolymerization (VPP) of highly aromatic polyurethanes (PUs) expands the library of additive manufacturing (AM) materials and enables a vast array of ductile thermoplastics, rigid and flexible thermosets, and elastomers. Aromatic diisocyanates and various diols enable printing of rigid, highly aromatic cross‐linked parts, which offer high glass transition temperatures and tunable thermomechanical performance. The judicious control of molecular weight of the photo‐reactive telechelic oligomers allows for a fundamental study of the influence of cross‐link density in highly aromatic 3D PU printed objects. VPP AM produces objects with high resolution, smooth surface finish, and isotropic mechanical properties. Thermal post‐processing is critical in maintaining excellent thermomechanical properties with semi‐crystallinity as a function of cross‐link density. Due to the presence of two ester carbonyls in the bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate chain extender, the printed parts are readily amenable to depolymerization with methanolysis to produce difunctional dimethyl dicarbamates under modest reaction conditions. Dimethyl dicarbamates serve as suitable monomers for subsequent polycondensation.

Generalization of the Carothers equation for linear step growth polymers

In the synthesis of linear step-growth polymers molecular weight control is accomplished through the addition of a controlled amount of monomer carrying the functional group B in excess (B-B or H-B types). The Carothers equation is used to calculate average chain lengths. This paper extends the analysis of chain lengths to include the effect of monofunctional monomers carrying the limiting group A (H-A), allowing the systematic analysis of complex systems containing both bifunctional and monofunctional species of any type (A-A, B-B, H-B and H-A). This refinement is particularly relevant for the synthesis of oligomers from systems with complex feed composition.

Prevalence, incidence, impairment, course, and diagnostic progression and transition of eating disorders, overweight, and obesity in a large prospective study of high-risk young women.

We examined prevalence, incidence, impairment, course, and diagnostic transitions for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, eating disorders, overweight, and obesity in a high-risk sample of 1,952 young women (Mage = 19.7 years) who completed diagnostic interviews over a 3-year period. The baseline prevalence of any eating disorder was 13.3% and 25.4% showed onset (incidence) over 3-year follow-up. Baseline prevalence of overweight and obesity were 17.2% and 11.9%, respectively, with respective 3-year incidence rates of 18.3% and 6.8%. The average duration of eating disorders ranged from 2.2 to 5.0 months. Episode duration for overweight and obesity were 14.9 and 20.0 months, respectively. Most eating disorders (82%-96%) showed remission within 1 year; recurrence rates varied from 12% (atypical anorexia nervosa [AN]) to 44% (subthreshold bulimia nervosa). Three-year remission rates for overweight (53%) and obesity (34%) were lower, as was recurrence (15% and 9%, respectively). All eating disorders were characterized by a mixture of binge eating and compensatory weight control behaviors. Functional impairment was elevated for half the examined eating disorders and obesity. Diagnostic progression varied from 3% of those with atypical AN progressing to AN to 29% of those with subthreshold binge eating disorder progressing to binge eating disorder. Regarding diagnostic crossover, the most frequent pattern was shifting from a threshold to a subthreshold eating disorder, followed by shifting from a binge-related eating disorder to overweight. Results extend knowledge of the natural history of eating disorders and provide novel evidence of the relation between eating disorders and overweight/obesity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

THE RELEVANCE OF THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROFESSIONAL IN GUIDING EXERCISE AND ITS BENEFITS FOR WOMEN DURING PREGNANCY

INTRODUCTION Thais papear explore lhe benfeito desligado fiscal exercesse durinha pregnancy and. Lhe importante desligado Professional Fiscal Educativo guinche too censure afeta and. Maximize positive out comes for pregam homem. The min ressarce problem. Si too understand show lhe pratique desligado fiscal activities, under especialize guinche, can. Influencie lhe fiscal and. Mental hialita desligado pregam homem. OBJECTIVE The stud ais too anualize and. Highlight lhe positive impactos desligado regular fiscal exercesse durinha pregnancy, as gel as lhe mede for propor professional guinche. METHODOLOGY The metodólogo involves a literature review, selecting and analyzing relevant studies that address lhe relationship between fiscal exercesse and gestational health, emphasizing lhe benefits and necessary precautions to avoid complications. It includes scientific articles, clinical practice guidelines, and recommendations from recognized health institutions, indicating that regular fiscal exercesse durinha pregnancy significantly contributes to lhe improvement off cardiovascular, muscular, and mental health in pregnant women, in addition to assisting in weight control and preventing gestational complications such as gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia. The presence off a Physical Education professional is crucial to adapting exercises to lhe individual needs off pregnant women and ensuring lhe correct execution off activities, minimizing risks. CONCLUSIONThis reaffirms lhe importance off fiscal exercesse durinha pregnancy, highlighting lhe mede for professional guinche to ensure safety and efficacy. The results obtained are relevant for promoting maternal and fetal health, suggesting that lhe inclusion off a Physical Education professional in lhe monitoring off pregnant women can enhance lhe benefits off exercesse.

The E3 ligase OsPUB33 controls rice grain size and weight by regulating the OsNAC120-BG1 module.

Grain size and weight are important determinants of crop yield. Although the ubiquitin pathway has been implicated in the grain development in rice (Oryza sativa), the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the Plant U-box (PUB) E3 ubiquitin ligase OsPUB33 interferes with the OsNAC120-BG1 module to control rice grain development. Functional loss of OsPUB33 triggers elevated photosynthetic rates and greater sugar translocation, leading to enhanced cell proliferation and accelerated grain filling. These changes cause enlarged spikelet hulls, thereby increasing final grain size and weight. OsPUB33 interacts with transcription factor OsNAC120, resulting in its ubiquitination and degradation. Unlike OsPUB33, OsNAC120 promotes grain size and weight: OsNAC120-overexpression plants harbor large and heavy grains, whereas osnac120 loss-of-function mutants produce small grains. Genetic interaction analysis supports that OsPUB33 and OsNAC120 function at least partially in a common pathway to control grain development, but have opposite functions. Additionally, OsNAC120 transcriptionally activates BIG GRAIN1 (BG1), a prominent modulator of grain size, whereas OsPUB33 impairs the OsNAC120-mediated regulation of BG1. Collectively, our findings uncover an important molecular framework for the control of grain size and weight by the OsPUB33-OsNAC120-BG1 regulatory module and provide promising targets for improving crop yield.

Unfavorably Altered Fibrin Clot Phenotype in Women Following Postpartum Hemorrhage of Unknown Cause: Effect of Lower Coagulation Factors.

Increased clot permeability and susceptibility to lysis have been reported in women with heavy menstrual bleeding. We hypothesized that similar alterations in fibrin clot properties may also be present in women with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) of unknown cause. To determine fibrin clot properties and their determinants in women after PPH of unknown cause. We studied 52 consecutive women, aged 35 years (27-40), after at least 3 months since PPH of unknown cause and 52 matched controls for age, weight, and fibrinogen. Coagulation factors (F), antithrombin, thrombin generation, along with a comprehensive plasma fibrin clot analysis including fibrin polymerization, clot permeability (K s), and fibrinolysis efficiency were determined. Women with PPH showed reduced activity of FII (-10.3%), FV (-6.6%), FIX (-6.5%), FX (-7.2%), and FXI (-5.7%) compared with the controls, though all values were within ranges (all p < 0.05). There were no intergroup differences in fibrinogen, FVIII, FXIII, and thrombin generation. The PPH group formed with a delay looser plasma fibrin network (K s; +16.3%, p = 0.008) with lower maximum absorbance and shorter clot lysis time (CLT; -13.5%, p = 0.001) compared with the controls. On multivariable logistic regression, PPH was independently associated with higher C-reactive protein (per 1 mg/L, odds ratio [OR] = 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-2.68), lower FII (per 1%, OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.98), lower FV (per 1%, OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.97), and shorter CLT (per 1 minute, OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98). Prohemorrhagic fibrin clot properties, with lower, though normal coagulation factors, characterize women with PPH of unknown cause, which suggests novel mechanisms contributing to this type of bleeding.

Fasting in Judo—Between Healthy Weight Control and Health Hazard: A Narrative Review

Rapid weight loss strategies and weight cycling (losing and gaining weight repeatedly) are acknowledged problems in sports with weight categories, including judo. Extreme fasting, especially if combined with dehydration and intense physical exercise, may harm health and development, particularly those of children and teenagers engaging in judo competitions. However, there is substantial evidence for positive health effects of other forms of fasting. Here, we aim to provide an updated overview of the potential health risks associated with extreme dietary strategies in judo and contrast them with health-promoting fasting approaches. We conclude that the literature on the long-term health consequences of fasting in judo is scarce. This applies specifically to its potential association with eating disorders. Although many reports have highlighted the short-term risks of rapid weight loss, vulnerability and protection factors remain poorly understood. Rigorous scientific studies are needed to disentangle the factors that render fasting in judo healthy or unhealthy, considering both physical and mental health. We argue that a better understanding of weight management in judo is crucial to preventing health risks and designing healthy weight loss strategies, especially for young athletes.

Impact of Dietary Fatty Acid Composition on the Intestinal Microbiota and Fecal Metabolism of Rats Fed a High-Fructose/High-Fat Diet.

Background/Objectives: An inappropriate intake of dietary fats can disrupt the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota, affect the host's metabolic status, and increase the risk of chronic diseases. The impact of dietary fat types on the composition and metabolic functionality of the intestinal microbiota has become a research focus over recent years. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of regular peanut oil (PO) and high-oleic-acid peanut oil (HOPO) on the composition and metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota. Methods: A dietary intervention test was conducted on SD rats fed a high-fat/high-fructose (HFF) diet. The composition and metabolic functionality of the intestinal microbiota of the experimental rats were investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fecal metabolomics. Results: Compared with saturated fat, PO and HOPO enhanced the diversity of intestinal microbiota in HFF diet-fed rats. Compared with PO, HOPO significantly increased the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Harryflintia (p < 0.05), which are able to generate butyrate and acetate. Compared with saturated fat, 318 and 271 fecal biomarkers were identified in PO and HOPO groups, respectively. In contrast, 68 fecal biomarkers were identified between the PO and HOPO groups. The inhibition of harmful proteolytic fermentation in the colon may represent the main regulatory mechanism. With regard to metabolic status, HOPO provided better control of body weight and insulin sensitivity than PO. Conclusions: Compared with saturated fat, peanut oils better regulated the composition and metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota. In addition, HOPO exhibited better regulatory effects than PO.

Межличностная чувствительность, страх негативной оценки внешности и стыд собственного тела у девочек-подростков с расстройствами пищевого поведения

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study relevance.&lt;/strong&gt; Recent years have been marked by the rising frequency of eating disorders (EDs) and the growing popularity of various weight control behaviors in adolescents. Although numerous studies have shown that interpersonal functioning is impaired in people with EDs, personal traits reinforcing these impairments have not been studied enough. &lt;strong&gt;Objective&lt;/strong&gt;. The study focused on the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity, fear of negative appearance evaluation, body shame and weight control behaviors in clinical (n=54) and community (n=54) samples of adolescent girls (aged 13&amp;mdash;17). &lt;strong&gt;Method&lt;/strong&gt;. The participants filled out a survey and 3 measures in person. The measures included Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (Boyce, Parker, 1989; Razvaliaeva, Polskaya, 2021), Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation scale (Lundgren et al., 2004; Razvaliaeva, Polskaya, 2020), and Phenomenological Body Shame Scale-Revised (Siegel et al., 2021). &lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;. Girls with EDs reported food restrictions, purging, body measurements and multiple weight control behaviors, whereas girls from the community sample reported engaging in sports as a weight control behavior. Fear of negative appearance evaluation, body shame and interpersonal sensitivity score significantly higher in girls with EDs; the first 2 traits are also related to numerous weight control behaviors. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;. The study was the first to show that interpersonal sensitivity, fear of negative appearance evaluation and body shame were more pronounced in Russian-speaking adolescent girls with EDs, especially in girls with numerous weight control behaviors.&lt;/p&gt;

Relationship of Body Composition and PMS Symptoms: A Systematic Review

Aims: Recent studies show that body composition is one of the most important factors in the menstrual cycle. The purpose of this study is to investigate more comprehensively the effect of body composition and anthropometric indicators on the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Materials and Methods: This study is a secondary study that is considered a systematic review according to the implementation method. The statistical population is all the studies that have dealt with the issue of the effect of anthropometric indicators on PMS from different aspects. Results: The final synthesis was performed on 7 articles after screening the studies. The synthesis of articles related to the relationship between anthropometric indicators on PMS showed that 47.8% of women in the world have PMS, with the highest prevalence being reported in Iran at 98%. Studies have shown that the incidence of PMS, increased appetite, and weight gain in women with a BMI greater than 25 kg / m2 is more common. Weight gain causes endocrine disorders that lead secretion of more sex hormones in obese or overweight women, which in turn leads to the symptoms of PMS. Studies have shown a direct and significant relationship between PMS symptoms waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WTHR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), which according to the results, more central fat mass in women causes more severe symptoms of this syndrome. Also, studies showed that the risk of depression and anxiety in women with PMS with a higher BMI and body fat mass is higher. Conclusion: Weight control and improvement of eating habits, can be effective in reducing the incidence of PMS symptoms. Furthermore, the high prevalence of PMS in studies requires further investigation and principled interventions with regard to physical and mental factors in this period.