Weight Control Methods Research Articles

Investigating the Prevalence of Eating Disorders, Factors Contributing to Eating Disorders and Weight Control Methods: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Residents of Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia.

Background:Eating disorders significantly affect quality of life, body image, self-esteem, and relationships. Previous studies have mainly focused on Western populations, leaving a gap in our understanding of the cultural, social, and environmental factors in non-western populations. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of eating disorders and its risk factors and examine the common methods for weight control used by affected individuals within the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods:Recognizing the importance of understanding the landscape of eating disorders in this population, we used diagnostic criteria from the validated Arabic version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to assess the severity and patterns of eating disorders. Data were collected remotely over one year using a self-administered questionnaire distributed at schools, colleges, parks, and malls. The questionnaire covered demographics, weight control methods, and diagnostic criteria. This study included 404 undiagnosed cases (n = 404) to provide a comprehensive overview of the prevalence and severity of eating disorders in this region. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results:Of the participants, 12 (2.9%) reported having a diagnosed eating disorder, and the severity levels varied across different disorders. Anorexia nervosa exhibited predominantly moderate severity (264, 65.3%), with lower percentages classified as low (119, 29.5%) or high severity (21, 5.2%). Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder demonstrated a varied distribution, with 131 (32.4%) classified as high severity, whereas bulimia nervosa was predominantly of low severity (242, 59.9%). Binge eating disorders were observed in a significant proportion of patients with moderate severity (203, 50.2%). Conclusion:There is an urgent need for heightened awareness, early detection, and intervention strategies tailored to the diverse spectrum of eating disorders in this region. Furthermore, understanding commonmethods that affect individuals' utilization of food and the severity and distribution of different disorders provides valuable insights into tailored interventions and support systems that promote healthier relationships between food and body image within the community.

Shanghai consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy(2024 edition)

Morbid obesity and its accompanying diseases have become one of the most serious public health problems warranting global effort and bariatric and metabolic surgery is still the most effective method for long-term weight control. Among all bariatric and metabolic procedures, sleeve gastrectomy is currently the most widely used, but it is not a perfect procedure. One of the most serious issues that this surgical procedure faces is the possibility of worsening existing or developing de novo gastroesophageal reflux disease after surgery. Moreover, there is currently a lack of high-level clinical trial evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy. Therefore, initiated by four domestic bariatric and metabolic surgery centers, 41 experts with rich experience in bariatric and metabolic surgery and diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease from China, Japan, and South Korea reached a consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in sleeve gastrectomy patients using the Delphi method. There are a total of 59 consultation questions in this consensus, of which 44 have reached a consensus. We hope that this consensus can not only serve as a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment, but also provide more possible directions for future high-quality clinical research.

Model predictive control with real-time variable weight for civil aircraft towing taxi-out control systems

Unlike the traditional method of taxying, where civil aircraft reach the runway by relying on their engines, the new mode of towing taxi-out may become preferred because of its lower energy consumption, lower emissions, and higher efficiency. To improve the tracking accuracy and lateral stability of the towing system, this study used a two-level time-varying weight control method (RMPC) based on model predictive control (MPC) and fuzzy control. The tractor speed and front wheel angle were set as the control variables in the MPC controller, and the real-time lateral displacement error and yaw angle error of the tractor were set as the fuzzy control inputs. The influence of the weight matrix on the accuracy and stability of path tracking was coordinated by online optimization of the MPC objective function weight. The simulations of multiple working conditions were performed using TruckSim software in Simulink, which showed that the proposed control method can limit the lateral displacement error of the tractor and aircraft within 0.4 m, which can be reduced by 70.83% and 77.4% compared with the single MPC, respectively. Additionally, the maximum yaw angle errors of the tractor and aircraft are reduced by 76.11% and 51.31% compared with the single MPC, respectively. Furthermore, the yaw angle error of tractors can be limited to 4° and that of aircraft can be limited to 6.5°, which is an improvement of the lateral stability and driving safety for the civil aircraft towing system. The new controller may provide technical insights and support for the practical development and safe application of the towing taxi-out mode.

A National Study Exploring the Association between Fasting Duration and Mortality among the Elderly.

(1) Background: The benefits of weight management are widely recognized, and prolonged fasting duration has become a common method for weight control. The suitability of time-restricted eating (TRE) for elderly individuals remains controversial. This study aims to examine the correlation between fasting duration and mortality within a nationally representative cohort of elderly individuals in the United States. (2) Methods: Data were extracted from a prospective cohort study conducted as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018. Participants aged over 60 with complete data on dietary intake and mortality follow-up information were included. Fasting duration was assessed using two 24 h dietary recalls. All the participants were categorized into fasting duration quartiles. Mortality outcomes were ascertained through the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards regression models were utilized to analyze the association between fasting duration and mortality. (3) Results: The final analysis included 10,561 elderly participants (mean age 69.89, 45.58% male). Individuals with the longest fasting duration (over 12.38 h) had a significantly higher risk of CVD mortality compared to those with a normal fasting duration (10.58-12.38 h). This elevated CVD mortality risk was particularly pronounced in males, individuals over 70 years old, and non-shift workers. A non-linear relationship was observed between fasting duration and all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. (4) Conclusions: Prolonged fasting periods are associated with a higher risk of CVD mortality in the elderly population, although this correlation is not evident for all-cause, cancer, or other-cause mortality. A fasting duration of 11.49 h correlates with the lowest mortality risk. Additionally, elderly individuals with the shortest fasting duration exhibit elevated hazard ratios for both cancer and other-cause mortality. As with any health intervention, clinicians should exercise caution when recommending a fasting regimen that is personalized to the health condition of people who are older. Further research through randomized controlled trials should be conducted to comprehensively investigate the impact of TRE on mortality.

Exploring Vaping Patterns and Weight Management-Related Concerns among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review.

Background: Electronic cigarettes or vapes are battery-operated devices that heat a liquid, often containing nicotine and flavouring substances, to produce an inhalable aerosol. Despite being used as an alternative to traditional smoking, many studies have reported their health risks and ineffectiveness in smoking cessation. The impact of e-cigarettes on weight control behaviours, a known effect of traditional cigarette smoking, is unclear. Herein, a systematic review was conducted to explore the relationship between e-cigarette use and body weight changes in adolescents and young adults. Methods: The existing literature from databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar until October 2023 was searched and included in the review. The methodological quality of all selected studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklists for Studies. Results: Out of 5117 citations, 20 publications featuring cross-sectional studies with adolescent participants were qualitatively analysed. The high rates of e-cigarette usage seemed to correlate with increased weight concerns, particularly among females. Regular e-cigarette users who reported being overweight and used calorie restriction for weight reduction were more likely to view vaping as a weight loss or control strategy. Young adults (<24 years) may consume more flavoured e-cigarettes than older users (>25 years). Conclusions: This study revealed a significant use of e-cigarettes among high school students, driven by taste preferences, weight management, and perceived harm reduction. Particularly among girls facing body image pressures, vaping serves as a weight control method. This highlights the need to assess cardiovascular risks and advocate for further research, including longitudinal studies, to inform public health strategies effectively.

Orthorexic tendency and its association with weight control methods and dietary variety in Polish adults: a cross-sectional study.

The methods for controlling weight play a central role in formally diagnosed eating disorders (EDs) and appear to be important in the context of other nonformally recognized disorders, such as orthorexia nervosa (ON). These methods also have an impact on eating behaviors, including dietary variety. Our study aimed to: (i) assess the intensity of ON tendency by sex and BMI groups, (ii) evaluate the associations between ON tendency, weight control methods, and dietary variety, and (iii) determine the extent to which weight control methods and dietary variety contribute to the ON tendency among both females and males. Data were gathered from a sample of 936 Polish adults (463 females and 473 males) through a cross-sectional quantitative study conducted in 2019. Participants were requested to complete the ORTO-6, the Weight Control Methods Scale, and the Food Intake Variety Questionnaire (FIVeQ). Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to evaluate associations between ON tendency, weight control methods, and dietary variety. Females exhibited a higher ON tendency than males (14.4 ± 3.4 vs. 13.5 ± 3.7, p < 0.001, d = 0.25). In the regression model, the higher ON tendency was predicted by more frequent use of weight control methods, such as restricting the amount of food consumed, using laxatives, and physical exercise among both females and males as well as following a starvation diet in females, and drinking teas to aid bowel movements among males. Moreover, the higher ON tendency was predicted by higher dietary variety, lower age in both sexes, and higher level of education among males. However, there were no differences in ON tendency across BMI groups. In conclusion, the findings showed that ON tendency was predicted by a higher frequency of weight control methods commonly used by individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). The resemblance to these two EDs is also suggested by the higher intensity of ON tendency among females and younger people. However, the prediction of ON tendency by dietary variety indicates that the obsessive preoccupation with healthy eating may not be advanced enough to observe a decrease in the dietary variety among these individuals.

Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among medical students

IntroductionOrthorexia nervosa is defined as an unhealthy obsession with eating healthy food. Recent studies currently demonstrated that students in health-oriented academic programs, highly focused on nutrition and physical exercise, are more prone to develop orthorexia nervosa than students in other educational areas.ObjectivesDetermine the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in medical students and identify associated factors.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study in the faculty of medicine of Sfax in Tunisia, between February and April 2023. We used ORTO-15 for the assessment of orthorexia.Results The research has enrolled 220 students. Their mean age was 21.40±1.68 years, with female predominance (70%). The mean Body mass index (BMI) was 22.46±4.15 kg/m2. The prevalence of overweight (BMI≥25 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) were respectively 19.5% and 3.6%. Over a third of students (34.1%) were using means of weight control, of which the diet represented 62.66% of cases. The participants had consulted a nutritionist in 11.4% of cases. The ORTO-15 mean total score was 36.88±6.76, with a mean score of 12.95±2.69 for cognitive dimension, 13.31±2.70 for clinical dimension, and 10.61±2.52 for emotional dimension. A total of 60% of participants had a score under the threshold. Orthorexia was significantly associated with female gender (p&lt;10 -3), overweight or obesity (p=0.037), the use of weight control methods (p&lt;10-3), following a diet (p&lt;10-3), and consulting a nutritionist (p=0.009).ConclusionsIn our study, orthorexia seems to be quite widespread among medical students, particularly females, who are overweight or obese, and who use weight control methods.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Perioperative Delta Weight and Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Resolution after Adenotonsillectomy.

The first-line treatment for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is adenotonsillectomy. Post-operative weight gain is a well-documented phenomenon. We hypothesized that higher peri-adenotonsillectomy delta weight correlates with lower rates of OSA resolution in pediatric patients. This was a retrospective cohort study consisting of 250 patients from 2 to 17 years of age at a tertiary academic medical center between January 2021 and December 2022. Polysomnography results and body mass index (BMI) changes were collected through the electronic health record. Univariate and multivariate logistical regression analyses were performed, adjusting for confounding factors. Perioperative delta weight and pre-operative baseline AHI values were significant predictors of residual OSA. For every 1-kilogram gain in weight, the odds of residual OSA (AHI >5) increase by 6.0% (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02-1.10, p < 0.002), and the odds of residual severe OSA (AHI > 10) increase by 8% (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04-1.12, p < 0.001). Increased AHI, Black/African American race, and male sex were also factors associated with incomplete OSA resolution. Increased peri-adenotonsillectomy delta weight is associated with higher rates of residual OSA in children. Patients and families should be counseled about appropriate weight loss and control methods before adenotonsillectomy. IV Laryngoscope, 134:4141-4147, 2024.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pre-diabetic older people regarding pre-diabetes.

One of the risk factors of diabetes is the pre-diabetes stage which is significantly prevalent in older people. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of the pre-diabetic stage are of great importance and can decrease complications. The present study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the pre-diabetic older people. This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2022 to August 2022 on 219 pre-diabetic older people referring to Sina Hospital in Tabriz, one of the most populated cities in the northwest of Iran. Data were collected using questionnaires of Knowledge, Attitude, Practice-Prediabetes Assessment Questionnaire (KAP-PAQ). The data were analyzed by SPSS 21. The mean scores of knowledge (in the range of 0-17), attitude (in the range of -10, + 10), and practice (in the range of 0-26) were 1.72 ± 1.0, 2.24 ± 1.92, and 5.76 ± 2.61, respectively. The older people's knowledge and practice levels in the pre-diabetes stage were low and about 50% of them had negative views. According to the Spearman correlation test, there was a positive significant relationship between the older people's knowledge and practice (p < 0.001, r = 0.234). The older people in the pre-diabetes stage had low knowledge and attitude and a negative viewpoint towards correcting lifestyle on diet, exercising and physical activity, weight control, diagnostic and screening methods. Increased knowledge about pre-diabetes and strengthened positive attitude towards correcting lifestyle through counseling as well as empowering the pre-diabetic older people can increase the efficiency of pre-diabetes prevention and control programs and prevent its progression to the diabetes stage.

Orthorexia nervosa among Tunisian medical students: Relationships with self-esteem and stress

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa (ON) in a sample of medical students and to examine the relationship between ON, self-esteem, and perceived stress. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey among medical students of the Faculty of Medicine of Sfax (Tunisia). Participants completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. We collected their sociodemographic and clinical data. ON was assessed using the self-reported scale, ORTO-15. We used the Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale and Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to assess self-esteem and the level of perceived stress, respectively. Results: Ninety-five medical students (75 [78.9%] females and 20 [21.1%] males) were included in the study. The mean age was 25.9 ± 3.3 years. A history of psychiatric disorders was reported by 17 (17.9%) of participants, 26 (27.4%) tried to control their weight, and 39 (41.1%) were physically active. We found a tendency for ON in 49 (51.6%) participants. The mean scores were 39.19 ± 4.48 for the ORTHO-15 scale, 29.74 ± 6.59 for the Self-Esteem Scale, and 21.25 ± 6.79 for the PSS. Orthorexia was significantly correlated with the use of weight control methods (P = 0.03), physical activity (P = 0.04), and history of psychiatric disorders (P = 0.04). Neither self-esteem (P = 0.1) nor the level of perceived stress (P = 0.5) was associated with ON. Conclusions: Our study found a high prevalence of orthorexic behaviors in medical students. No association was found between ON and self-esteem and perceived stress. Further clinical and longitudinal studies are needed to identify the risk factors of ON.

Clinical Study on the Effect of Aromatic Plants on Stress and Appetite Control in 20s Women

Purpose: This study explores the health complications, such as binge eating, resulting from extreme weight control methods driven by distorted body perception. In cases where the desired weight is not achieved, increased stress levels are observed. Notably, adolescents and young women constitute 1-3% of the nervosa prevalence rate, with women representing 90% of this demographic. This highlights the significance of addressing stress-induced nervosa. The objective is to evaluate the effects of inhaling pomegranate scent on stress and appetite control among women in their 20s.Methods: Participants were instructed to spray a designated fragrance 1-2 times onto a scent strip, inhale it from approximately 5cm away from the nose, and then complete stress questionnaires and appetite evaluations. The data were processed and analyzed using SPSS 26.0.Results: Among overweight participants, a decline in appetite was observed after inhaling the scent (M=4.11) compared to before (M=6.67). Despite this decrease, the variations in appetite across different groups did not show a statistically significant difference. However, the study found a notable reduction in stress levels associated with appetite after inhaling the pomegranate scent, with post-inhalation stress scores (M=20.38) being significantly lower than pre-inhalation scores (M=49.33). These results suggest the effectiveness of pomegranate scent in reducing appetite-related stress.Conclusion: The findings indicate that inhaling pomegranate scent may help reduce stress levels in women in their 20s, aiding in the management of stress-related appetite issues. This research is expected to contribute valuable insights for the development of fragrance products aimed at reducing stress and controlling appetite.

Breastfeeding and pumping as maladaptive weight control behaviors.

It is well recognized by the general public that breastfeeding expends calories. In our clinical practice, a number of postpartum women with a history of or a current eating disorder (ED) report using breastfeeding and/or pumping breast milk to influence their body shape and weight. This appears to be either a form of weight control behavior or, in some cases, a compensation for perceived overeating or binge eating. Breastfeeding and pumping have not generally been identified as maladaptive weight control behaviors, nor have they been a subject of research to date. We suggest that this practice should be investigated to determine how common it is, its potential role in maintaining EDs or contributing to relapse in the postpartum period, and to better understand other potential harms it may cause to both the mother and infant/child. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE: Breastfeeding and pumping may be used as maladaptive methods of weight control by women with EDs. This behavior is under-recognized in clinical practice and has received little research attention. We argue that maladaptive breastfeeding and pumping warrant further investigation, as the behaviors may play an important role in maintaining an ED or in contributing to relapse during the postpartum period and may also indirectly harm the infant/child.

Providing a Framework for Performance Evaluation of Organizations in Successfully Implementing TQM, Based on Knowledge Management Approach and Organizational Agility

Nowadays, any organization, in order to be aware of the desirability and quality of its activities, especially in dynamic environments, urgently needs an evaluation system to assess its system’s performance and efficiency. In this study, the performance of production and service organizations has been evaluated according to the effect of knowledge management success factors and organizational agility on the success factors of total quality management (TQM (total quality management)). Considering that the two areas of knowledge management and organizational agility are among those influential on TQM and each has been examined separately in the previous studies in relation to it, none of the previous studies has focused on all these three areas together. Therefore, in the present study, in addition to evaluating the performance of organizations based on the success factors of TQM, we seek to identify the influential factors and success factors of each of the three areas of knowledge management, organizational agility, and TQM; then, the impact of knowledge management and organizational agility on the success factors of TQM is evaluated. To express the above-given relationship, group interpretive structural modelling (ISM (interpretive structural modelling)) techniques have been used to rank the components of each domain; also, fuzzy quality function deployment (FQFD (fuzzy quality function deployment)) technique has been applied to find the weight and relationship of the three mentioned domains by examining the independent and interface variables of the previous step. The weights resulting from two-stage house of quality have been used as the weights for the design of the two-stage data envelope analysis (DEA) model by the weight control method. Finally, the above-given factors in knowledge-based companies located in Khorramabad Science and Technology Park have been studied and the results have been expressed.

ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ СИСТЕМ WIM НА АВТОМОБІЛЬНИХ ДОРОГАХ

Introduction. The introduction to the paper highlights the general role of the weight control of motor vehicles on roads by WiM – methods (Wegh-in-Motion) in the assurance of the traffic safety and in the transportation infrastructure preservation. Problem statement. The issues of the paper concern the problems of implementation of contemporary technologies of the High-Speed WiM (HS-WiM) where the conditions of the measurements of the loads from the vehicle generate high measurement error. Purpose. The main goal of the paper is to perform an analytical review of methods of the weight control of vehicles and of competitive aspects of existing WiM technologies and also the analysis of the practice of WiM application. Results. The analytical reviewing led to the following results: it was revealed that the basic principle of WiM systems operation consists in determining the dynamic wheel/axle loading of a vehicle transmitted to the pavement; data thus obtained shall be used to reveal the overloading. Modern WiM systems give possibilities to obtain data concerning axle number, axle spaces, vehicle length and speed, axle (or wheel) dynamic loading, number of equivalents of standard axle loading, and also data regarding the traffic flow characteristics; it was concluded that WiM systems can be divided into two main types: the systems operating at low speed of a vehicle (up to 15 km/h, LS WiM) and those operating at steady speed of the traffic flow (up to 130 km/h, or high speed, HS WiM). LS WiM ensure the accuracy of the measurement in a range from 3 % to 5 % and belong to the methods of weight control of motor vehicles approved by the legal metrology as well as the static weighing does. HS WiM control is more sensitive to the external factors due to the effect of a vehicle dynamic and thus cannot assure the above stated accuracy of measurements, moreover, cannot assure the appropriate accuracy for the satisfactory number of trucks. HS WiM systems are not approved by the legal metrology; factors affecting the accuracy of measurements in HS WiM systems were analyzed. It was revealed that the effect of a vehicle dynamic on the measurement error can be mitigated assuring the compliance of the road pavement surface condition with the standard requirements mainly with those concerning pavement surface roughness.

Relationship between orthorexia nervosa and self-esteem in Tunisian medical students

IntroductionThe effect of self-esteem in eating disorders has been investigated in several studies, but it’s still not extensively investigated in orthorexia nervosa.ObjectivesTo study the prevalence and factors associated with orthorexic eating behaviors in medical students and it’s relation with self-esteem.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey among medical students of the faculty of medicine of Sfax (Tunisia). Participants completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. We collected their sociodemographic and clinical data. Orthorexia nervosa (ON) was assessed using the self-reported scale, ORTO-15. We used the Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale to assess self-esteem.ResultsNinety five medical students completed the survey. The mean age was 25.8±3.4 years and the sex ratio (F/M) was 3.75. The average body mass index was 23.64±3.53 kg /m2.Fifty-eight percent of the students (58%) reported that they were dissatisfied with their eating habits, and 27.4% tried to control their weight. Several methods of weight control were used, the most frequent (65.4%) were diet and physical exercise, none resorted to laxatives and 8.4% consulted a nutritionist.Self-esteem was very low in 27.1% and low in 34.7% of the students.Overall, the prevalence of orthorexia among our participants was 52.6%. The mean score of the ORTO-15 was 39.19±4.48.Orthorexia was significantly correlated with the use of weight control measures (p=0.035) and physical activity (p=0.042).Students with low self-esteem had higher tendency for orthorexia but with no significant correlation.ConclusionsOur study supports a non-negligible frequency of orthorexic behaviors in medical students but future studies are needed to assess the direct effect of self-esteem on orthorexia.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Role of Body Mass Index on Perceived Stress in Medical Students

IntroductionThe study period to become a medical professional is notoriously stressful This label can be attributed to various factors like long tedious training, social expectations, long work hours, high liability, sleep deprivation, and a constant lack of time to relaxin this vulnerable area, physical appearance, either weight loss or obesity, can affect the mental health of these young people.ObjectivesTo determine the role of body mass index (BMI) on the levels of perceived stress in medical students.MethodsOur study was descriptive and analytical cross-sectional, carried out with medical students in the faculty of medicine of sfax (Tunisia) during October 2022.An anonymous survey was asked to the students.Data collection was done by a self-administered questionnaire via Google Forms administered in the students’ Facebook groups. The questionnaire was composed of a part for the collection of socio-demographic data and a psychometric scale: -Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to determine the level of stressResultsA total of 95 responses was collected.The average age of our sample was 25.8±3.4 with female predominance (78,9%).The half of the population (53,7%) were residents in medicine.The majority of them (88,4%) had an average socio-economic level and singles (83,2%) .81,1% had a stressor related to studies in 50,5%,to family in 40 % and financial in 9,5%.Tobacco consumption were reported by 14,7 % .A psychiatric history was reported by 17.9% of the students, 76.5% of whom are anxiety disorders.27.4% tried to control their weight. Several methods of weight control were used, the most frequent (65.4%) was diet, none resorted to laxatives and 8.4% consulted a nutritionist.Almost half of the population (57,9%) slept between 5 and 7 hours.The average body mass index was 23.64 kg/m2 (SD=3.53).According to PSS scores, 21.1% of students had severe level of stress, 69.5% had moderate stress level while 9.5% had low level of stress.Those followed in psychiatry had a higher level of stress (p&lt;10-3), especially those with anxiety disorder (p=0,02).The students pressed for weight control were more stressed than their peers.The levels of stress were higher among underweight students (BMI &lt; 18.5) and overweight students (BMI &gt;25) without significantly correlations.ConclusionsThe current study revealed that medical students, especially underweight or overweight students, are more susceptible to develop stress symptoms,that is why psychic support must be available on their university.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Physiology of intermittent fasting

There is a continuing need for new and efficient weight-control methods due to the long-lasting consequences of the obesity pandemic on public health outcomes. Intermittent fasting, which comprises a variety of timing regimens for temporary food avoidance, such as alternate-day fasting, alternative full-day fasting patterns, and time-restricted feeding, is one strategy for enhancing weight and metabolic outcomes. The irregular conversion of fatty acids into ketones encouraged by these diets has positive metabolic consequences. The programmes generally support weight loss and have been associated with reduced blood pressure and dyslipidaemia. Intermittent fasting should be taken into consideration as a possibility for people who have a tendency to gain weight unhealthily using conventional eating habits, even if more research is needed on the long-term implications and this strategy should be avoided in particular health conditions.

A cross-sectional study on the use of big data for the past H1N1 influenza epidemic in obesity after COVID-19: Focused on the body slimming cream and leptin via DTC gene test.

Based on the big data of 2010, 2011, and 2012, when H1N1 influenza was prevalent around the world in the past, this study investigated the obesity rate, weight change, and dietary methods of Korean dieters based on the historical situation of the past H1N1 influenza epidemic in Republic of Korea. This is intended to be the data for utilizing the prognostic evaluation of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). After COVID-19, research on obesity should be conducted systematically, and to prevent obesity, nutrition education, customized inner beauty & cosmetics, and the development of body slimming cream and leptin for proper diet should be done at the national level. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between methods of weight control, generation, and gender, which have not yet been evaluated in the Korean adult population. The cross-sectional study was comprised of 25534 Korean who participated in the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) conducted in 2010, 2011, and 2012. A 17876 of the 19375 respondents 20years of age or older in the KNHNES answered about diet method. Two thousand and fifty-seven (15.63%) men and 4134 (25.77%) women thought of themselves as fat. However, 11973 people (66.96%) did not change weight in the past year, 2536 people (14.19%) had increase in weight, and 3.164 (17.70%) reduced weight. A total of 7176 people (48.11%) indicated that they attempted to reduce weight through exercising, while 5553 people (37.23%) did so through reduced food intake. This study was based on big data at the time of the H1N1 influenza epidemic in Korean population. The results of the present study will be helpful in the development of the body slimming cream and leptin via direct to consumer (DTC) gene test (GT) due to the rapid increase in obesity due to COVID-19 pandemic.

Factors associated with disordered eating and eating disorder symptoms in adolescent elite athletes

Abstract. Introduction: Recent studies indicate high prevalences of disordered eating or eating disorders in adult athletes and a worrying increase in adolescent athletes. Although several risk factors for developing eating disorders have been identified for adult athletes (e.g., personality factors, sport-related pressure), research on risk factors in adolescent athletes is scarce. Methods: This study investigates the prevalence of disordered eating and eating disorder symptoms and its association with personality- and sport-related risk factors in a sample of 439 elite athletes aged 13–18 years. Self-regulatory personality factors, sports and social pressure, as well as sports biographical data, were investigated in relation to different weight control methods and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire measuring disordered eating and eating disorder symptoms. Results: Results indicate a prevalence rate of clinically significant eating pathology of 5.5% for the total sample, in which female athletes aged 15–18 years show the highest rate (9.6%). The structural equation model indicates a predominant association of sports and social pressure and personality factors with eating disorder symptoms. Conclusion: Being in the age range 15–18 years, being female, and being an athlete in a high-risk sport (e.g., aesthetics, weight class, or endurance sports) were identified as risk factors as well as athletes’ mental association with weight loss and success, and athletes’ perceived social pressure on eating and on body shape. Disordered eating and eating disorders are not only of concern for adults but also for young elite athletes and recommendations for adolescent elite athletes, coaches, and parents are given.

The MSC Prosthetic Hand: Rapid, Powerful, and Intuitive

Amputees suffer from the weight, insufficient power, and uncomfortable control methods of their prostheses. Recent studies have introduced many ideas for both hardware and software to tackle these problems. In this letter, the authors introduce a preliminary platform of a robotic prosthetic hand system called the MSC hand that integrates effective mechanical mechanisms and intuitive control methods. The hand adopts mode-switchable twisted string actuators to provide a wide range of grasping speed (closing speed of 0.8 s) and grasping force (pinch force of 45 N) with a light weight of 390 g. All the fingers and the thumb flex and extend actively, and the thumb is also able to abduct and adduct passively. The active fingers are controlled by surface electromyographic signals, and a learning-based neurophysiologic model is used to estimate human intention for each finger. The model provides independent intentions for each finger, so the simultaneous and proportional control of multiple fingers is possible in real time. The performance of the MSC hand was verified through standardized experiments such as online simulation and the box and block test. In addition, a demonstration of gripping various objects was performed. The results showed rapid and precise gripping and intuitive control over the tasks.