Cob Weight Research Articles

Effects of Crop Geometry and Split Nitrogen Application on Spring Maize Growth, Yield Components and Yield in Digam, Gulmi, Nepal

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a heavy nutrient feeder that needs optimum spacing and appropriate time to apply nitrogen to get maximum yield. A field study was carried out at Digam, Gulmi, from February to June 2022 to examine the impact of crop geometry and split application of nitrogen on spring maize in two factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Factor A was the split application of nitrogen; (120 kg ha-1N at the time of sowing) and (60 kg ha-1N at the time of sowing + 30 kg ha-1N at knee height stage + 30 kg ha-1N before tasseling stage) and factor B included the three levels of spacing (75 cm x 25 cm, 60 cm x 25 cm and 50 cm x 25 cm). Plant height , stem girth , leaf number, cob girth, thousand grain weight, number of kernel rows per ear, number of kernels per row, and grain yield (3.45 MT ha-1) were all highest for treatment (60 kg ha-1N at sowing + 30 kg ha-1N at knee height + 30 kg ha-1N before tasseling). Likewise, plant height, leaf area index, cob length, cob girth, cob weight, thousand grain weight, number of kernels per row, grain yield (3.04 MT ha-1) and harvest index were highest in plant spaced at (75 cm x 25 cm), while the number of kernel rows per ear was highest in plants spaced at (60 cm x 25 cm). The lowest value of all parameters was found in plants at treatments; (120 kg ha-1N at the time of sowing) and (50 cm x 25cm). Similarly, the treatment (60 kg ha-1N at the time of sowing + 30 kg ha-1N at knee height stage + 30 kg ha-1N before tasseling stage) combined with spacing of (60cm x 25cm) was found to have a significant effect on grain yield (3.99 MT ha-1) which was statistically at par to the treatments, (60 kg ha-1 N at the time of sowing + 30 kg ha-1 N at knee height stage + 30 kg ha-1 N before tasseling stage) combined with spacing of (75 cm x 25 cm) (3.95 MT ha-1 ) . Thus, for the optimum and sustainable production of the spring maize, crop geometry of (75 cm x 25 cm) or (60 cm x 25 cm) can be recommended with three splits application of nitrogen at Digam, Gulmi.

Correlation between quantitative traits and grain productivity of the waxy maize hybrids

A subspecies of waxy maize (Zea mays L. ceratina) is characterized by the fact that its grain contains 100 % amylopectin starch, a valuable raw material for confectionery production, the manufacture of polymers, and a blood substitute. The absence of domestic waxy maize hybrids in the State List of Breeding Achievements necessitates the study in this area of breeding. The purpose of the current study was to identify dependencies that make it possible to increase the efficiency of the breeding process when developing waxy maize hybrids. The study was carried out at the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2020–2022. The objects of the study were 36 waxy maize hybrids developed by the method of interline hybridization. The studied traits differed in the degree of variation. High coefficients of variation were identified in the traits ‘grain productivity’ (V = 30.1 %) and ‘one cob weight’ (V = 21.5 %). The traits ‘number of rows’ (V = 8.4 %) and ‘grain yield during threshing’ (V = 8.2 %) turned out to be slightly varying. An increase in the values of any studied trait resulted in an increase in grain yield. However, the signs of productivity were not equivalent according to their effect on the formation of the grain productivity of the waxy maize hybrids. There have been identified the most influential traits of productivity, such as ‘number of cobs per 1 plant’, ‘one cob weight’ and ‘number of seeds per cob’. The correlation between them and grain productivity is positive, close (r = 0.73±0.12 – 0.82±0.10). The identified traits have been positively associated with the rest (r = 0.30±0.16 – 0.74±0.12), the selection of samples with high values does not reduce the values of other productivity traits. The identified dependencies must be taken into account when selecting the initial material and when developing waxy maize hybrids.

Effect of intercropping system on the growth and yield of baby corn (Zea mays L.)

A study was conducted on the possibility of growing vegetables (such as fenugreek, radish and Amaranthus) in baby corn and to investigate the impact of intercropping and competition indices of the intercropping systems. Therefore, this experiment was conducted in farmer’s field of Nambal village, Mancherial district, Telangana during the year of 2022-23 to assess the performance of baby corn intercropping with different vegetable crops. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 10 treatments comprising baby corn as main crop along with radish, fenugreek and Amaranthus as intercrops and control (sole baby corn) replicated thrice. The results of the research revealed that sole baby corn registered the maximum plant height (172.39 cm), number of leaves (14.68), leaf area (639.75 cm2), leaf area index (6.26) and dry matter production (9.5 t/ha) which were at par with baby corn + fenugreek intercropping system. The yield parameters viz. number of cobs per plant (3.07), cob length (16.21 cm), cob girth (6.82 cm) and individual cob weight (76.72 g), cob yield g/plant (166.23 g) cob yield t/ha (7.3 t/ha) and green fodder yield (23.2 t/ha) were consistently greater in baby corn + fenugreek and at par with sole baby corn intercropping system.

Relationship between Seed Properties and Outcome Components for Selection Criteria of Corn (Zea Mays L.) Products at Various Dosages of Popostium Fertilizer

This research was conducted to determine the relationship between seed developmental characteristics and yield components in a population of maize (Zea mays L.) grown at different potassium fertilizer rates. The information could be utilized as alternative selection criteria for maize genotypes with high-yielding potential. This research was conducted at the Experimental field of the Horticulture Seed Agency, Pekanbaru. Seven maize genotypes with four potassium fertilizer rates were grown in a 350 cm x 200 cm experimental plot with three replications. The genotypes used were Bisi 228. Pertiwi 3. Bisi 2. Decoral, Bisi 18. Betras 4. and Srikandi. Potassium fertilizer rates included 30 kg, 50 kg, 70 kg, and 90 kg per ha, respectively. Traits observed were plant height, tesseling flowering date, silking date, seed dry accumulation rate, effective seed filling period, cob length, cob weight, number of seed rows, number of seeds per cob, seed weight per cob, the weight of 100 seeds and seed yield per m2. Analysis of variance was performed to the data using SAS and further tested by honesty significant difference at 5% level. Variance component, heritability, genetic correlation coefficient, and selection response were calculated for all characters and effective seed filling duration. The results indicated that the genetic variance component was significant for all characters except for the dry matter accumulation rate. All characters' heritability values were quite high except for effective seed-filling duration and the number of seeds per cob. Phenotypic correlation coefficients were positively significant between seed yield per m2 and plant height, seed development rate, cob length, ear weight, number of seeds per ear, seed weight per ear, and weight of 100 seeds. The genetic correlations was significant between seed yield per m2 and plant height, seed development rate, number of seeds per ear, and seed weight per ear. All characters' direct selection response value is higher than the indirect selection response value.

Karakter Morfologi dan Depresi Silang dalam Galur F4 Jagung Ungu Hasil Persilangan Bersari Bebas

<p>Breeding of corn plants resulting from crosses experienced problems with inbreeding depression. Inbreeding depression can cause a decrease of good characters in maize lines. Information about inbreeding depression needs to be known so that it does not appear in the maize lines. This research aims to determine the presence of inbreeding depression in purple corn lines from open pollinated and to determine the morphological character as a selection criterion for the F4 lines. Research using experimental methods. Plant selection was carried out using the ear-to-row method. Isolation of plants using distance and time of planting method. Observation of morphological characters using Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) Color Charts and the inbreeding depression test. F4 lines has inbreeding depression on the characters of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, male flowering age, female flowering age, cob length, cob weight with husk, cob weight without husk, and weight of 100 seeds . The F4 lines of corn plants that did not experience inbreeding depression on plant height and stem diameter characters in lines F<sub>4</sub>-PxU-11-25-18 and F4-PxU-11-25-25. Characters that can be used in the selection of F5 generation corn lines are plant height, stem diameter, cob length, cob weight with husk, cob weight without husk, and weight of 100 seeds. These characters can be used as selection criteria for the next generation.</p>

EFFECT OF DRIP IRRIGATION AND GENOTYPES ON THE PRODUCTION TRAITS OF SWEET CORN (ZEA MAYS SACCHARATA STURT)

Sweet corn is one of the essential food crops in Indonesia because of its many benefits, such as, being a source of carbohydrates, oil, flour, animal feed, and others. Corn demand increases yearly, needing a large land area to meet its requirements. However, planting maize during the dry season or low rainfall faces more challenges. Therefore, using drip irrigation is a solution to ensure corn growth and sustained optimal production. The presented study aimed to determine the effects of drip irrigation on the production of two varieties of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) and began from February to May 2021 at the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Teuku Umar, Meulaboh, West Aceh, Indonesia. The study used a randomized design (split-plot) each for two irrigation levels: without drip irrigation (T0) and drip irrigation (T1) in main plots on two sweet corn varieties, Bonanza and Paragon. The parameters observed were cob diameter with cornhusk (mm), cob diameter without cornhusk (mm), cob length with cornhusk (cm), cob length without cornhusk (cm), cob weight with cornhusk (g), and cob weight without cornhusk (g). Analysis of variance showed that the drip irrigation treatments had no significant effect on all the recorded parameters. However, the varieties had a highly relevant impact on the cob diameter and length and considerably influenced the cob weight. Then again, the sweet corn varieties showed nonsignificant differences for all other variables.

Exserohilum turcicum (Northern Corn Leaf Blight) Severity on Maize Hybrids and the Associated Crop Performance in O.R. Tambo District, Eastern Cape, South Africa

<i>Exserohilum turcicum</i> is a fungus that causes northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) and has deleterious effects on maize production globally. Therefore, it is prudent to mitigate the effects of NCLB using genetic diversity. The objective of this research was to assess the severity of NCLB disease on the growth and yield of various maize genotypes. A randomized complete block design field experiment, replicated three times, was conducted to evaluate the effect of <i>E. turcicum</i> on 10 maize hybrids. Percent disease index, plant height, and leaf area were recorded at the silk stage. Cob weight, grain fresh weight, and grain yields were determined at harvest maturity. All measured parameters were significantly different (<i>P</i><0.05) between the maize hybrids. Of the 10 genotypes, four (PAN 4R-528R, PAN 4R-728BR, PAN 3R-724BR, and P1788BR) were susceptible, five (DKC74-74BR, PAN 5R-582R, PAN 5R-890R, PAN 5R-854R, and PAN 5R-590R) were moderately susceptible, and one (DKC80-40BR) was moderately resistant. DKC80-40BR exhibited greater cob weight, while DKC74-74BR was superior in all other plant growth and yield components. Interestingly, although not significant (<i>P</i>>0.05) and high, maize growth and yield parameters had negative correlations with disease incidence, except for grain fresh weight. Therefore, DKC80-40BR may be selected for cultivation in areas prone to NCLB to reduce maize susceptibility to the disease, while DKC74-74BR may improve crop performance. These hybrids could be considered as potential sources of resistance or tolerance to NCLB for further validation by plant breeders.

Effects of Foliar NPK Application on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Content of Sweet Corn Grown on Rengam Series Soil

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different rates of macronutrients as a foliar spray on the growth performance, yield, and nutrient content of sweet corn grown in the Rengam soil series. The treatments consisted of five rates of macronutrients as a foliar fertilizer at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 % NPK. Foliar NPK was applied 25 and 50 days after sowing to the sweet corn seedlings. The results showed that fresh cob weight, cob number, flowering, and dry matter yield of sweet corn significantly increased at the rate of 75%, and 100% of NPK foliar fertilizers. The macro and micronutrient concentrations in ear leaf, mature leaves, stem, cob, and flowers of 75 and 100% NPK treated corn were significantly increased over the control plants. The macronutrient content in the whole plant was also significantly higher at 75% and 100% NPK treatments. Fe and Mn contents in the whole plant were also the highest in 75% and 100% NPK treatments. Macronutrient concentration in ear leaf and whole corn plants significantly correlated with the fresh cob yield of corn. It is concluded that foliar application of N, P, and K macronutrients (75 to 100% NPK) enhanced the yield and quality of sweet corn.

Respon Pertumbuhan Jagung Lokal Pulut dan Siropu Gorontalo Terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan

In Indonesia, maize has a number of growth constraints and one of which is climate factor. The objective of this research was to determine the growth response of local maize variety. This research was conducted by applying a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors. The first factor is variety (V): pulut, siropu and jakaring (comparison) while the second factor is drought treatment (K) which comprises three treatments including control, drought for 45-55 days after planting (DAP), and drought for 55-65 DAP. In this case, all treatments are repeated three times. The research revealed that the growth of maize indicate different responses towards variety as shown by parameters of plant height, soil moisture content, cob diameter, cob length, cob weight with husks, cob weight without husks, dry weight of root, and number of cob row. Meanwhile the drought stress does not indicate significant response towards growth of maize the drought-tolerant variety of maize with parameter of number of cob raw is siropu local maize.Key words: staple food; local corn; drought stress; growth.Â

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Management and Planting Technique on Yield of Maize

The experiment was set up at the Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture's experimental farm chhapang at the Eternal University in Baru Sahib during 2019–20 to assess the impact of organic and inorganic nitrogen management and planting technique on maize yield. The experiment was designed as a split plot with a total of three replications of each of the two main plot treatments, Flat bed and Raised bed, and five sub plot treatments, 100% IO, 100% FYM, 50% IO + 50% FYM, 75% IO + 25% FYM, and 100% IO + 25% FYM. The observations were made at 25, 50, and 75 days following sowing. According to the results, treatment T3 (50% IO + 50% FYM) produced the highest levels of cobs per plant, cob diameter, cob number of grains per cob, cob weight per plant, cob length, test weight, index of harvest, yield of grain, and straw yield. Therefore, combining organic and inorganic inputs in T3 (50% IO + 50% FYM) with raised beds led to high maize yield performance. For sustainable maize development, the mixture of Raised bed with 50% IO + 50% FYM might be advised.

Biopriming with Trichoderma sp. and Application of Liquid Fertilizer to Increase Growth and Production of Corn (Zea mays L.) Plants

Corn (Zea mays) is one of the crop commodities that continues to be developed due to its usefulness, but its production is low due to a lack of balanced fertilization. The purpose of this study was to see the interaction effect of Trichoderma sp biopriming treatment and liquid fertilizer on the growth and production of corn plants. The research method was arranged in factorial form in a randomized block design. The first factor was Trichoderma biopriming and the second factor was liquid fertilizer. The results showed that the combination treatment of biopriming and liquid fertilizer enriched with Trichoderma sp and 2 grams of NPK gave the best results for number of leaves 13.17, stem diameter 1.25, fruit weight 125.50, cob weight 24.33, seed weight 90, 13. The results showed that the combination of bio-priming with liquid fertilizer enriched with Trichoderma sp and 2 grams of NPK gave better growth and production of corn.

The Effect of Compost and Liquid Fertilizer Application on the Growth and Production of Corn (Zea Mays L.) in Red Yellow Podzolic Land

Corn production in society is currently still low due to one of them, namely due to reduced soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of applying compost with liquid fertilizer on the growth and production of corn plants. The materials used in this study were compost enriched with Trichoderma sp, liquid fertilizer, bran, goat manure, water, corn, sugar and marginal soil media while the tools used are polybags measuring 30x40 cm, buckets, shovels, hoes, scales, seedling houses, rulers, plastic sheeting, calipers and writing implements. This research method is arranged in a factorial form consisting of two factors, namely the first factor is the application of compost which consists of three levels and the second factor is the application of liquid fertilizer which consists of four levels. The parameters observed in this study were plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), stem diameter (cm), weight of corn fruit (grams), weight of cobs (grams), total weight of seeds per cob (grams), and root weight. (m3), the results showed that the combination treatment of compost from EM4 and without liquid fertilizer gave the best results for plant height 225.00 cm, stem diameter 1.32cm, fruit weight 110.50g, seed weight 70.17g, cob weight 21.83 g, and root weight 32.67 g, while the combination of treatment with terichoderma sp compost and liquid fertilizer enriched with 2% NPK gave the best results for the number of leaves 12.83. The results showed that the combination of compost from EM4 and without liquid fertilizer gave the best results for the growth and production of corn plants.

Study of drought stress correlation on yield and yield components of maize cultivars (Zea mays L.)

This article was investigated to study the correlation and analysis of drought stress regression on maize cultivars' yield and components. The variance analysis results showed a significant difference between drought stress levels in terms of plant height, total dry weight and number of seeds per row, the total weight of cob, grain yield, harvest index, stem diameter, and cob weight with protective leave. Also, there was a significant difference in ear weight without protective leaves, ear diameter, ear length, plant weight, 100-seed weight, and seed per ear on hybrid treatments. There were statistically significant differences between cultivars in plant height, leaf area, ear diameter, ear length, number of seeds per row, number of seeds per ear, the total weight of cob wood, 100-seed weight, harvest index, plant dry weight. The results of the correlation of traits for the mean levels of drought stress showed a positive and significant correlation between plant yield and plant height, seed per row, ear length and weight of 5 pieces of wood and also with a total weight of cob wood, ear weight with bark showed the highest correlation. There is a significant correlation between leaf area and stem diameter, plant weight, total dry weight at the probability level of 0.05. Correlation coefficients between traits in non-stress conditions showed a positive and significant correlation between grain yield and height, ear length and grain in the row, which was a significant increase compared to stress conditions. The correlation of traits under full stress conditions also showed that the correlation coefficient between cob length trait and positive height was positive and significant. From the study of correlation coefficients between maize traits in non-stress conditions, it can be concluded that the most important components of grain yield are cob length and grain per row. While the correlation coefficients under moisture stress conditions show that the grain trait in the row has a positive and significant correlation with yield, under stress conditions in the cob stage did not show any traits with correlation yield.

Vegetatife Growth Response Response of Maize Application Of Several Types Of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Bioformulations

One of the causes of low maize yields is soil fertility. The depreciation of soil fertility is partly due to the loss of soil nutrients, which can occur through crop harvesting (nutrient harvesting), run off and leaching. In addition, farmers tend to use chemical fertilizers and pesticides as a means of controlling pests, diseases and weeds. This study was conducted with the aim to see the effect of various bioformulations of Liquid Organic fertilizer enriched with goat urine, T. harzianum and humic acid on better growth and production of corn plants. This research method was arranged in the form of a Completely Randomized Group Design with 5 treatments of LOF bioformulation combination applications made from Goat Urine, Humic Acid and T. harzianum. Those are control (without LOF), goat urine, goat urine and T. harzianum, goat urine and humic acid, and goat urine, T. harzianum and humic acid. The results showed that the application of goat urine, T. harzianum and humic acid gave the highest increase in corn plant height (203.00 cm), the largest number of leaves (11.83 leaves), the largest stem diameter (1.27 cm), the heaviest cob weight (17.67 g). The treatment of LOF enriched with goat urine, T. harzianum and humic acid showed very high results on all parameters measured.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAGUNG (ZEA MAYS L) KECAMATAN AMALI KABUPATEN BONE

Farmers have only used chemical fertilizers so far that lead to a deterioration in soil quality and a reduction in production stability. This is a problem faced by corn farmers in Amali Sub-District, Bone Regency where the production produced is insignificant and the quality is not good. One of the ways to increase the yield of production can be done by improving the cultivation techniques of local varieties. Improvement of cultivation techniques can be achieved by the application of environmentally friendly agricultural systems, such as the use of organic fertilizers that are able to overcome the problems of the soil compaction process and supply macro and micro nutrients into the soil so that their content is sufficient for plant growth and development. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of applying organic fertilizer on the growth and production of corn crops in Amali Sub-District, Bone Regency. The experimental design used was a randomized block design consisting of 5, namely: control (O), chicken manure fertilizer = 5 tons.ha-1 (O1), cow manure fertilizer = 5 tons.ha-1 (O2), goat manure fertilizer = 5 tons.ha-1 (O3), horse manure fertilizer = 5 tons.ha-1 (O4). Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Based on the results of the study, the treatment of the application of types of organic manure is very significantly influential on each parameter of growth of corn plant yields such as plant height 275.03 cm, number of leaves 275.03, leaf width 15.0b cob diameter 3.87a. cob weight 3.58b pipil weight 138.62 and dry weight 56.87c. The type of treatment of organic fertilizer for animal manure that can provide the highest nutrients is goat manure

EFEKTIFITAS PENGGUNAAN LIMBAH AIR CUCIAN BERAS DALAM MENGURANGI PENGGUNAAN PUPUK NPK MUTIARA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays L.)

Zea mays L. is one of the food crops that people like because it has a lot of nutritional content. In increasing the growth and production of Zea mays L. plants, it can be done by integrating rice washing water waste with inorganic fertilizers in order to minimize the use of chemical fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using rice washing water waste in reducing the use of pearl NPK on vegetative growth and production of Zea mays L. plants. This research was carried out at the Greenhouse of the Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Musamus University in June - September 2022 with a cultivation scale in polybaq. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 7 treatments and 3 replications, namely: K0 = Control; K1=rice washing water without pearl NPK; K2=rice washing water+25% pearl NPK; K3=rice washing water+50% pearl NPK; K4=rice washing water+75% pearl NPK; K5 = rice washing water + 100% pearl NPK; A6= 100% NPK pearl. Parameters observed were: plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, cob weight, cob weight without cob, number of rows of seeds per ear, cob diameter, cob length, and 100 seed weight. Observations were analyzed using the method of variance. If there are significantly different treatments, then proceed with the BNT test at the 95% confidence level. The results showed that the treatment of rice washing water + pearl NPK had a significant effect on the growth and production of Zea mays L.. Based on data from the analysis carried out by treating rice washing water waste + 50 % to 75% Pearl NPK can increase the vegetative and generative growth of corn plants so as to minimize the use of inorganic fertilizers by 25% -50% of the recommended dose.
 Keywords: Rice washing water, Zea mays L., Pearl NPK Fertilizer

KAJIAN PARAMETER GENETIK KARAKTER KUANTITATIF TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) DI LAHAN KERING

The narrow-sense heritability and expected selection response are very important to be recognized in the F2 population of maize to determine the character to be selected. This study aimed to estimate the narrow-senseheritability and the expected selection response of quantitative characters in the F2 population. The experimental method used in this study was field experiments on dry land using pumping wells for irrigation. This was conducted from April to October 2022 in Amor-Amor Hamlet, Gumantar village, North Lombok district. The experiment was carried out in two growing seasons; namely: the first growing season was to establish kinship with NC1 and the second season was to test the results of crosses by used a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The number of treatments was 105; derived from 35 male parents. Each treatment was replicated 2 times, so there were 210 experimental units. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA); and then calculation of narrow sense heritability and response selection expectations was conducted. The results showed that the narrow sense heritability of all the quantitative characters observed was low, while the selection response of the biomass weight per plant was high; Plant height, leaf angle, and dry cob weight per plant were moderate and other characters were low. Fresh biomass weight per plant can be used as a selection criterion for improving the stay-green character. Yield can be improved through enhancing dry cob weight per plant.
 
 Keywords: corn; heritability; response of expected selection and dry land.

Effect of Boron and Panchagavya on Growth and Yield of Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)

The experiment was conducted in the Crop Research Farm, department of agronomy during the summer season of 2022 on baby corn crop. The treatments consisted of 3 levels of boron (2kg, 3kg, 4 kg/ha) and Panchagavya (2 sprays of 2%, 3%, 4%) as a foliar spray at 15 and 30 DAS and a control. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. Application of Boron (4 kg/ha) and Panchagavya (2 sprays of 4%) produced maximum plant height (135.44 cm), plant dry weight (138.95 g), number of cobs per plant (3.06), weight of cobs with husk (44.85g), weight of cobs without cob (8.24g), cob yield with husk (7.48 t/ha), cob yield without husk (3.01 t/ha), green fodder yield (41.80 t/ha). Treatment combination with Boron 4 kg/ha and Panchagavya 2 sprays of 4% produced highest gross returns (Rs. 1,44,700/ha), net returns (Rs. 99,845/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.23) when compared to control (RDF).

Effect of Bio-fertilizer and Gibberellic Acid on Growth and Yield of Baby Corn (Zea mays, Poaceae)

The field experiment was conducted during Zaid season 2021-22 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P). The soil of the experiment plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.2), low in organic carbon (0.48%), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (13.6 kg/ha) and available K (215.4 kg/ha). The treatments consisted of three levels of Gibberellic acid 50, 100 and 150 ppm of foliar application and (20 g and 10g per kg litre of water) and two levels of Bio fertilizer {Azospirillum seed inoculation (10 and 20 g/kg of seed) and Azotobacter seed inoculation (10 and 20 g/kg of seed)} respectively and Azospirillum + Azotobacter 10 g/kg each gibberellic acid 150 ppm treatment combined. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments and were replicated thrice. Results defined those maximum values of plant height (185.29 cm), dry weight (90.42 g/plant), number of cobs per plant (2.64), cob length (19.76 cm), cob weight with husk (48.54 g/cob) and cob weight without husk (12.51 g/cob) cob yield with husk (11.04 t/ ha), cob yield without husk (4.15 t/ha) were recorded with application of Azotobacter 10g/kg + Azospirillum 10g/kg + Gibberellic acid 150 ppm (T9) treatment combination.

Efficacy Evaluation of Organic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality Parameters of French Beans, Maize and Kale in Different Counties of Kenya

Sustainable agriculture is an important global issue. Organic fertilizer application improves crop growth by supplying plant nutrients, including micronutrients, as well as improving the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil, thereby providing a better environment for root development by improving the soil structure. It has been widely reported that continuous applications of inorganic fertilizers alone resulted in deterioration of soil health in terms of physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. Understanding the nutrient variability and release pattern of organic fertilizers is crucial to supply plants with sufficient nutrients to achieve optimum productivity, while also rebuilding soil fertility and ensuring protection of environmental and natural resources. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of Fertiplus on growth, quality and yield in Kale, Maize and French Beans in Kenya. The trial plots were 3 m×3 m arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. The treatments consisted Fertiplus 4-3-3 alone; Fertiplus 4-3-3+100% recommended fertilizer practice; Fertiplus 4-3-3+50% recommended fertilizer practice; Fertiplus 4-3-3+75% recommended fertilizer practice; Reference product (Permeate); recommended fertilizer practice (Conventional) and the absolute control. Application of Fertiplus plus 50% of the recommended fertilizer practice led to the highest number of pods per plant (18) and application with 75% of the recommended fertilizer practice showed a peak harvest of fresh pods with 374.3 g per plant. In an area of 1 m2, application of Fertiplus and 50% recommended fertilizer practice had 6.7 kilograms of kale with a maximum of 14 mature leave per plant in a span of 20 days. In maize, the Fertiplus and 50% recommended fertilizer treatment showed the highest cob weight per plant (480 g) and an average grain yield of 396.7 g per plant compared to the doubled level (100%) of the recommended fertilizer practice that had 401 g per plant. From the study, it was observed that the highest yield of the three study crops were under the integrated treatments of the organic fertilizer and half the rate of synthetic fertilizer program.