Weeks Of Application Research Articles

فعالية برنامج تدريبي تخاطبي لتنمية الأداء اللغوي لدى عينة من أطفال الشلل الدماغي

استهدفت الدراسة معرفة فعالية برنامج تدريبى تخاطبي لتنمية الأداء اللغوى لدى عينة من أطفال الشلل الدماغى ، اکتشاف مدى استمرار أثر البرنامج التدريبى التخاطبى لأطفال الشلل الدماغى فى تنميه الأداء اللغوى لديهم وذلک بعد فترة أسبوعين من التطبيق ، تکونت العينة من (12) طفلا ممن يعانون من الشلل الدماغي ،منهم (6) أطفال مجموعة تجريبية من مرکز (التدخل المبکرللعلاج الطبيعي بالمنزلة ) التابع لوزارة الصحة ، بمتوسط عمر زمنى ( 7.566) وإنحراف معيارى مقداره 0.742 )، و (6) أطفال مجموعة ضابطة من مرکز (الرحمة لطب المخ و الأعصاب بطلخا) التابع لوزارة الصحة ، بمتوسط عمر زمنى(000‚8) وبإنحراف معيارى مقداره( 0.933) ، واستخدمت فى الدراسة الأدوات التالية: إختبار المصفوفات المتتابعة لرافن، مقياس الأداء اللغوي ( إعداد الباحثة)، البرنامج التدريبي التخاطبي (إعداد الباحثة) ، وقد أسفرت نتائج الدراسة عن وجود فروق دالة إحصائية بين متوسطات رتب درجات أطفال المجموعة التجريبية ومتوسطات رتب درجات أطفال المجموعة الضابطة بعد تطبيق البرنامج التدريبي التخاطبي على أبعاد مقياس الأداء اللغوي لصالح المجموعة التجريبية ، ووجود فروق دالة إحصائية بين متوسطات رتب درجات أطفال المجموعة التجريبية قبل وبعد تطبيق البرنامج التدريبي التخاطبي على أبعاد مقياس الأداء اللغوي لصالح القياس البعدى، و عدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائية بين متوسطات رتب درجات المجموعة التجريبية فى القياس البعدى ومتوسطات رتب درجاتهم فى القياس التتبعى على مقياس الأداء اللغوي بعد شهر من انتهاء تطبيق البرنامج . Abstract The study aimed at identifying the effectiveness of a speech training program for the development of language performance in a sample of children with cerebral palsy. The extent of the impact of the training program on children with cerebral palsy continued to improve their linguistic performance. After two weeks of application, the sample consisted of 12 children Cerebral Palsy, of which 6 children and their children are experimental group of the center of (early intervention of natural therapy) of the Ministry of Health, with an average age of (7.566) and a standard deviation of (0.742) and (6) children and their children. Nerves) of the Ministry of Health, with an average life time (0.742) The study found that there were statistically significant differences at the level of (0.01) between the average scores of the group members' grades. The results of the study were: And the mean scores of the control group after the application on the dimensions of the measure of linguistic performance for the benefit of the experimental group, and the existence of statistical differences between the level of significance (0.01) average scores of the grades of members of the experimental group before and after the application of the current study program on dimensions of the scale The performance of the language in favor of the dimension measurement, and the absence of statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group scores in the telemetry and the mean scores of their scores in the trace measurement on the linguistic performance scale two weeks after the end of the application of the program.

Ameliorative effects of crocin on tartrazine dye-induced pancreatic adverse effects: a biochemical and histological study.

The present study aimed to analyze the impact of tartrazine (T) and crocin (Cr) applications on the pancreas tissues of the Wistar rats. A total of 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 rats in each group, including the Control, T, Cr, and T + Cr groups. After 3 weeks of application, the pancreatic tissues of the rats were removed under anesthesia and rat blood samples were obtained. Tissues were analyzed with biochemical and histopathological methods. It was determined that T administration increased malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), glucose, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, and total cholesterol levels. However, it decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and HDL levels when compared with the other groups. It was observed that Cr administration significantly increased GSH, SOD, CAT, TAS, and HDL levels when compared with the control group. In the T group, histopathological changes were observed in pancreatic tissue, leading to damages in exocrine pancreas and islets of Langerhans and increased caspase-3 immunoreactivity (p ≤ 0.001). Co-administration of Cr and T brought the biochemical and histopathological findings closer to the control group levels. The administration of T induced damage in the pancreas with the administered dose and frequency. Cr can increase the antioxidant capacity in pancreas tissue. Co-administration of T and Cr contributed to the reduction of the toxic effects induced by T. It could be suggested that Cr administration ameliorated T toxicity.

Human Skin Bacterial Community Response to Probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938) Introduction.

The introduction of a strain or consortium has often been considered as a potential solution to restore microbial ecosystems. Extensive research on the skin microbiota has led to the development of probiotic products (with live bacterial strains) that are likely to treat dysbiosis. However, the effects of such introductions on the indigenous microbiota have not yet been investigated. Here, through a daily application of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 on volunteers’ forearm skin, we studied in vivo the impact of a probiotic on the indigenous skin bacterial community diversity using Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) for 3 weeks. The results demonstrate that Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 inoculum had a transient effect on the indigenous community, as the resilience phenomenon was observed within the skin microbiota. Moreover, Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 monitoring showed that, despite a high level of detection after 2 weeks of application, thereafter the colonization rate drops drastically. The probiotic colonization rate was correlated significantly to the effect on the indigenous microbial community structure. These preliminary results suggest that the success of probiotic use and the potential health benefits resides in the interactions with the human microbiota.

The First Human Clinical Trial on the Skin Depigmentation Efficacy of Glycinamide Hydrochloride

A previous study identified certain low molecular anti-melanogenic peptides that share a common sequence with α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and end with a glycinamide moiety. Glycinamide itself also showed anti-melanogenic activity in cell-based assays, but neither glycine nor acetyl glycinamide were active, which indicated a special structure and activity relationship. The aim of this study was to examine the skin depigmentation efficacy of glycinamide hydrochloride in human subjects. The primary skin irritation potential of glycinamide hydrochloride was evaluated by patch testing in 30 human subjects. The skin depigmentation efficacy of glycinamide hydrochloride was evaluated in a double-blinded clinical test in 21 human subjects. The test product and a control product were applied to designated sites on the right or left side of the face twice daily for eight weeks. Skin color parameters, i.e., the melanin index, the L* value (representing skin lightness), a* value (redness), and b* value (yellowness) were measured using instruments. The individual topology angle (ITAo, representing skin color) was calculated from L* and b values. The degree of skin pigmentation was visually assessed by two testers. The primary skin irritation test showed that a solution containing glycinamide hydrochloride up to 10% did not induce any adverse skin responses. In the efficacy test, the test product significantly reduced the melanin index, and increased L* value and ITAo after two weeks of application relative to the baseline value at the start of the test. It also significantly lowered the degree of pigmentation after 6 weeks of application, relative to the baseline value. Differences in the melanin index, L* value, ITAo and the degree of pigmentation between the test and control groups became statistically significant after six weeks or eight weeks of application. No signs of skin irritation were observed during the efficacy test. The present study suggests that glycinamide hydrochloride has great potential to be used in the control of skin hyperpigmentation.

Effect of 6-BAP application on shoot production of Melaleuca alternifolia seedlings

Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) is one of the families of Myrtacea, which produces essential oils from their leaves, called tea tree oil (TTO) that is used as ingredients for cosmetics, antiseptics and pesticides. TTO leaves production of M. alternifolia plants can be increased by stimulating the growth of new shoots using 6-BAP hormone. The purpose of this study was to obtain appropriate dosage of 6-BAP to induce shoots in M. alternifolia seedlings. This research was conducted at the Dramaga Permanent Nursery in Bogor for 6 weeks from July-Agustus 2019 with M. alternifolia seedlings originating from grafts over 4 months old. Completely randomized design (CRD) with different 6-BAP concentration treatments in 5 replicates was used. The 6-BAP (benzyl amino purine) with a concentration of 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm and without hormone (as control) were sprayed on the leaves and stem. The results showed that 6-BAP affected shoot length and number of leaves. Spraying with 5 ppm 6-BAP dose increased the length of shoots and the number of leaves after 6 weeks of application amounting to 1.9% and 11.4%, respectively.

Effect of sustained insulin-releasing device made of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates on retinal function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

In this study, we developed a subcutaneous insulin-releasing device consisting of a disk-shaped capsule and drug formulation comprised of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates, then evaluated its efficacy on retinal function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In vitro release studies showed that recombinant human insulin was released with a constant rate for more than 30 days. The device was able to maintain a basal level of blood glucose in diabetic rats for a prolonged period of more than 30 days, simultaneously preventing a decrease in body weight. For assessing the pharmacological effect of the device on retinal function in diabetic rats, electroretinograms were conducted for 12 weeks. The reduction in amplitude and delay in implicit time were attenuated by the device during the initial 4 weeks of application. The increase in gene expression of protein kinase C (PKC)-γ and caspase-3 in the diabetic retina was also attenuated by the device. Immunohistochemistry showed that the increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in the diabetic retina was attenuated by the device. Histological evaluation of subcutaneous tissue around the device showed the biocompatibility of the device. In conclusion, the insulin-releasing device attenuated the reduction of retinal function in STZ-induced diabetic conditions for 4 weeks and the efficacy of the device might be partially related to PKC signaling in the retina. The long-term ability to control the blood glucose level might help to reduce the daily frequency of insulin injections.

Biomimetic Effect of Nano-Hydroxyapatite in Demineralized Enamel before Orthodontic Bonding of Brackets and Attachments: Visual, Adhesion Strength, and Hardness in In Vitro Tests

Dietary habits with high consumption of acidic food can induce in orthodontic patients an increased risk of demineralization lesions around orthodontic brackets and bands. The purpose of the present laboratory study is to assess the in vitro visual efficacy of a biomimetic nano-hydroxyapatite remineralizing solution in a hypomineralized enamel surface and its effect on adhesion of fixed orthodontic appliances and on enamel microhardness. Intact teeth were demineralized, and subsequently the areas of demineralization were visually recorded using a 0–100 scale. Subsequently, a remineralizing solution (Biorepair® Repair Shock Treatment) was applied for ten minutes once a day/for one week per month for a total remineralizing treatment of 3 months. Visual effects were recorded. Moreover, bond strength was recorded and adhesive remnant index scores were measured for both orthodontic brackets and composite attachments both before demineralization and after demineralization and application of remineralizing solution. Also, Vickers microhardness was measured. All data were submitted to statistical analysis. The application of remineralizing solution induced a significant in vitro reduction of demineralized areas after the first week of application. No significant differences between untreated enamel surfaces and remineralized surfaces were detected after 2 months of remineralizing treatment. Bond strength values were significantly reduced for both brackets and attachments after remineralizing treatment. However, attachments showed higher adhesion values than brackets in both conditions tested. Remineralized enamel showed significantly higher microhardness values than demineralized enamel and lower values than intact enamel.

A Commercially Available Skin Care Lotion with a pH of 4.5 and 10% Urea Improves Skin Surface pH, Stratum Corneum Hydration and Epidermal Barrier Function in Subjects with Dry Skin and Atopic Diathesis

OBJECTIVE: The physiological skin surface pH is crucial for several epidermal barrier functions, like stratum corneum integrity, cohesion and restoration. Alterations of the “normal” acidic nature of the skin surface have been shown to correlate with specific skin conditions like aged or inflamed skin and are leading to impaired skin barrier function and formation. It is previously demonstrated that topical acidification in atopic dermatitis improves stratum corneum function, skin barrier structure and clinical signs in dermatitis. Against this background, we examined the impact of a slightly acidic skin care product containing urea on stratum corneum hydration, skin surface pH and epidermal barrier function in subjects with dry skin and atopic diathesis. METHODS: Stratum corneum hydration, skin surface pH and transepidermal water loss were biophysically measured before and after a 4-week treatment period with the test product (pH 4.5, 10% urea) compared to the reference product in 25 volunteers. In addition, dynamic epidermal barrier parameters like stratum corneum integrity, cohesion and recovery were investigated by using a previously described tape stripping approach. RESULTS: It was shown that the test product (pH 4.5, 10% urea) significantly elevated stratum corneum hydration and improved the acidic nature of the skin surface by lowering the skin surface pH to a greater extent compared to the reference product. After the 4-week treatment period a significant faster barrier restoration was detected on the test site treated with the test product compared to the reference product. Moreover, the test product strengthens the skin barrier integrity and cohesion. CONCLUSION: The present marketed skin care lotion was shown to increase epidermal barrier function after 4 weeks of application. Balancing and controlling the skin surface pH in subjects with dry and atopic-prone skin by application of the herein tested o/w emulsion with a given pH of 4.5, in combination with a 10% urea content seems to be effective and beneficial. The results are important for the formulation of topical products for dry and atopic-prone skin.

In Vitro and Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Nine Antiacne Medicinal Plants.

The present in vitro and randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial aims to determine the efficacy and safety of nine Mediterranean antiacne medicinal plants. The antimicrobial, antisebum, and anti-inflammatory activities of the plant extracts were evaluated in cells from the immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human monocytic cell line (THP-1) as well as in a double-blind, randomized, and placebo‐controlled trial. Most of the extracts showed no significant cytotoxic effects on HaCaT cells up to 250 μg/ml. Inula helenium (IH) and Saponaria officinalis (SO) inhibited sebum production at 90 μg/ml and 30 μg/ml, respectively. The inhibition effect of SO on the growth of Cutibacterium acnes was 1.2 times higher than that of chloramphenicol. IH and SO extracts significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced IL-6 and TNF-α production in THP-1 cells reaching the control levels of untreated cells at a concentration of 250 μg/ml. SO, IH, and Solanum nigrum (SN) extracts inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, an antiacne herbal cream (AHC) was prepared from different portions of extracts from SO, IH, and SN, and its efficacy was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, and controlled efficacy study with 41 acne patients, ages 18–24, who were asked to apply AHC (n = 27) or a placebo (n = 14) two to three times daily for six weeks. Results obtained indicate that the AHC has unique synergistic effects that halt sebum production, combined with highly antiseptic and anti-inflammatory activity, in which 54.95% (t = 19.37 P < 0.001) of acne inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions disappeared after two weeks, 85.3%, after five weeks (t = 14.19 P < 0.001), and 91.4%, at the end of the sixth week of application (t = 5.7 P < 0.001). In conclusion, SO, IH, and SN as single extracts and in combination as AHC showed significant antimicrobial, antisebum, and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in a double-blind, randomized, and controlled antiacne efficacy. Therefore, AHC represents an interesting alternative treatment for acne.

Efficacy of topical interventions for temporomandibular disorders compared to placebo or control therapy: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

This systematic review focused on the efficacy of topical products in reducing temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD)-associated pain, in comparison to placebo or control interventions. The EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE via PubMed databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using topical interventions in adults diagnosed with TMD. The pain intensity was the primary outcome, and other clinical findings were the secondary outcomes. The risk of bias was evaluated according to the Cochrane's handbook. The search up to February 7, 2020 identified a total of 496 unduplicated references. Nine RCTs with 355 adult patients diagnosed with TMD were included. The meta-analysis did not show a significant reduction in baseline pain intensity in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) group, when compared to the placebo group (P = 0.288). One study demonstrated a statistically significant pain score decrease for Theraflex-TMJ compared to placebo after 10 d of treatment (P = 0.003) and follow-up, 5 d after the last application (P = 0.027). Ping On reduced pain at 4 weeks of application (P < 0.001) but not after 7 d of application (P = 0.136). In one study, cannabidiol (CBD) significantly improved the pain intensity compared to placebo (P < 0.001). However, no differences were found with capsaicin in the two studies (P = 0.465). Evidence was of low quality because the studies were considered as having an unclear or a high risk of bias and a small number of studies were analyzed. The evidence is not sufficient to support the use of topical NSAIDs and capsaicin, and limited evidence was found for Threraflex-TMJ, bee venom, Ping On, and CBD, with only one study reporting for each. Additional studies are recommended to validate these results.

A comparative study between oral zinc therapy with or without steroid application in symptomatic oral lichen planus: a randomized controlled trial

Objectives Lichen planus is an autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting the buccal mucosa, tongue, and gingiva. As a result of its effect on matrix metalloproteinase, zinc is useful for treating the lesions and preventing their recurrences. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a combination of oral zinc acetate 50 mg tablets and the 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide Orabase with Orabase alone in the healing process of symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP). Study Design Forty patients attending the Department of Oral Medicine were randomly included in the study and were categorized into 2 groups, group A and group B. Group A (control group) and group B (case group) each comprised 20 patients with clinically and histopathologically confirmed OLP and symptoms of burning sensation. Group A received the 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide Orabase 2 times daily. Group B received 50 mg zinc acetate tablets plus Ora-base 2 times daily for 8 weeks. Orabase was discontinued after 1 week of application in the case group, whereas zinc acetate tablets were continued throughout the treatment period. The follow-up period was 2 months. Lesion size and burning sensation were measured by using the Thongprasom scale and the visual analogue scale (VAS) at initial and weekly visits till cessation of treatment. Results A decrease in pain intensity from the first visit to the follow-up visit was statistically significant in both groups (P = .000). Group B showed higher mean pain intensity from the initial visit to the follow-up visit compared with group A. Mean difference between the first and follow-up visits in the study group showed that there was a gradual decrease in pain intensity, whereas the control group showed minimal difference compared with the study group; the difference was not statistically significant (P = .498). There was statistically significant gradual decrease in lesion size till the follow-up period in both groups (P = .000). Conclusions Oral zinc therapy was found to be an adjunct in reducing burning sensation and lesion size in symptomatic OLP. Lichen planus is an autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting the buccal mucosa, tongue, and gingiva. As a result of its effect on matrix metalloproteinase, zinc is useful for treating the lesions and preventing their recurrences. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a combination of oral zinc acetate 50 mg tablets and the 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide Orabase with Orabase alone in the healing process of symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP). Forty patients attending the Department of Oral Medicine were randomly included in the study and were categorized into 2 groups, group A and group B. Group A (control group) and group B (case group) each comprised 20 patients with clinically and histopathologically confirmed OLP and symptoms of burning sensation. Group A received the 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide Orabase 2 times daily. Group B received 50 mg zinc acetate tablets plus Ora-base 2 times daily for 8 weeks. Orabase was discontinued after 1 week of application in the case group, whereas zinc acetate tablets were continued throughout the treatment period. The follow-up period was 2 months. Lesion size and burning sensation were measured by using the Thongprasom scale and the visual analogue scale (VAS) at initial and weekly visits till cessation of treatment. A decrease in pain intensity from the first visit to the follow-up visit was statistically significant in both groups (P = .000). Group B showed higher mean pain intensity from the initial visit to the follow-up visit compared with group A. Mean difference between the first and follow-up visits in the study group showed that there was a gradual decrease in pain intensity, whereas the control group showed minimal difference compared with the study group; the difference was not statistically significant (P = .498). There was statistically significant gradual decrease in lesion size till the follow-up period in both groups (P = .000). Oral zinc therapy was found to be an adjunct in reducing burning sensation and lesion size in symptomatic OLP.

Phosphorus pools in sulfuric acid sulfate soils: influence of water content, pH increase and P addition

Acid soils often have low P availability limiting plant growth, which is addressed by application of inorganic fertilizers and neutralizing agents. However, little is known about the effect of addition of inorganic P and neutralizing agents on P pools in acid sulfate soils under submerged or moist conditions. Sulfuric acid sulfate soil (pH < 4) was amended with two neutralizing agents (NaOH or Ca(OH)2) to achieve soil pH 4 or 5.5, without or with addition of inorganic P equivalent to 20 kg ha−1. Soils were incubated at 25 °C in either submerged or moist conditions (100% of maximum water holding capacity). After 2 weeks, soil P pools (labile P, moderately labile P, non-labile P and residual P) and Fe and Al oxides were determined. Adjustment of pH had little effect on the measured parameters. Labile, moderately labile and non-labile P pools were higher with P addition than without P addition. With P addition, labile and non-labile P pools were up to twofold higher in submerged incubation than in moist incubation. Labile P, non-labile P and residual P represented 70%, 15% and 15% in submerged incubation and 40%, 40% and 30% in moist incubation, respectively. In submerged incubation, Fe oxides were higher in soils amended with neutralizing agents than in the original soil which can be explained by the higher pH. A high proportion of added P was available after 2 weeks of application particularly in submerged incubation. The pH increase had little effect on P availability.

Yaratıcı Okuma Çalışmalarının Yaratıcı Düşünme Becerilerini Geliştirmeye Etkisi

Every age has its own unique phenomena forming its social life. In today's information age, this phenomenon is expressed as “producing knowledge”. The secret of success in the age of information is to produce new, practical and useful information. In this regard, the human profile that is planned to be trained in the age of information is also required to have these three characteristics. As creativity is the first condition of producing new and beneficial information, reading which has an important place in acquiring information needs to be based on creativity. In this study, it was tried to determine the effect of creative reading on creative thinking. The present study employs an experimental research methodology using pre-test and post-test control group design. The sampling of the study is composed of two classes of fourth-grade students attending a school affiliated to the Ministry of National Education (MoNE). Experimental and control groups consist of 19 students. As the data collection tools, How creative are you? scale was used which developed by Whetton and Cameron (2002) and adapted to Turkish by Aksoy (2004). In the 14 weeks of application, the experimental group was applied creative reading process and creative reading techniques, the control group was applied 2015 Turkish curriculum. The findings can be summarized as follows: Reading studies conducted with the Turkish teaching program resulted in a significant decrease in the students 'ability to think creatively and reading studies with creative reading significantly increased the students' creative thinking skills. Furthermore, when examined final tests of experimental and control groups, the creative thinking skills of the experimental group with creative reading are significantly higher than the control group.

The Effect of Adapted Basketball Exercises on the Development of Non-Oral Communication Skills of Autistic Children

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adapted basketball exercises on the development of nonverbal communication skills of autistic children. Among the single-subject research models, multiple-polling inter-polling behavior was used. The population of the study consists of children with mild autism spectrum disorder in the special education center in which autistic children are educated in Isparta. The sample of the study was determined by using simple random sampling method for two (2) mildly autistic children of ten (10) years. Written consent was obtained from the parents for the selected children to participate in the study. The aim of the study is to teach selected children the skills of non-verbal communication, to the other person, to shake hands and to shake hands with the other person. The study lasted a total of seventeen (17) weeks, one week of observation and sixteen weeks of application. The same program was applied to both children during the study. The content of the program consists of teaching basic technical skills specific to basketball. These skills include ball holding, right and left hand bouncing, right and left hand dribbling, chest pass, bounce pass, overhead pass and smash techniques. The skills were adapted to the readiness levels of both children. In order to record the data, video camera, entry level data recording form and teaching process data recording forms were used. The data obtained at the end of the application were analyzed by showing on the graph. Since the number of participants was two (2), the data obtained during the seventeen (17) week period were converted to point points in accordance with the scale protocol and converted to line graphs to reveal the change. When the findings of the study were evaluated, it was seen that there were positive changes in the development of non-verbal communication skills of autistic children who extended their hands, squeezed their hands and shook hands with the other person.

Anti-sebum efficacy of guava toner: A split-face, randomized, single-blind placebo-controlled study.

Guava has benefit phytochemicals that are important for skin-disorder treatment. Nevertheless, its efficacy against oily skin has never been reported. The guava toner was developed and clinical evaluated. The base toner was formulated, accelerated stability tested, and sensory-evaluated in 10 volunteers. The highest preference base was incorporated with guava extract, stability examined, and skin irritation assessed in 21 volunteers by a single application close patch test. Anti-sebum efficacy was split-face, randomized, single-blind placebo-controlled evaluated in 21 volunteers for 28days and monitored by Sebutape® on forehead and nose. The stable toner base with the greatest preference (83.20±1.85%) was incorporated with 3%, 4.5%, and 6% of guava extract. The toners were stable with none of skin irritation. The toner with 6% guava extract was selected for efficacy evaluation. Guava toner significantly reduced oiliness of forehead (13.10±3.67%, P<0.05) and nose (21.43±3.21%, P<0.001) better than the base toner. The activity on nose was significantly noted (10.72±3.51%, P<0.05) since the 3rd week of application. Anti-sebum guava toner was efficiently evidence approved and suitable for a daily application to improve the efficacy.

Fate of Glyphosate during Production and Processing of Glyphosate-Resistant Sugar Beet ( Beta vulgaris).

Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide in commercial crop production for both conventional and herbicide-resistant crops. Herbicide-resistant crops, like glyphosate-resistant sugar beet, are often exposed to multiple applications of glyphosate during the growing season. The fate of this herbicide in resistant crops has not been publiclydocumented. We investigated the fate of glyphosate and main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid in glyphosate-resistant sugar beet grown in northern Colorado. Glyphosate residues were measured via directed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of sugar beet shoots and roots throughout the growing season, from samples collected at various steps during sugar beet processing, and from flow-through samples of greenhouse-grown beets. Sugar beet rapidly absorbed glyphosate after foliar application, and subsequently translocated the herbicide to its roots, with between 2 and 3 μg/g fresh weight measured in both tissue types within 1 week of application. However, only trace amounts of glyphosate remained in either the shoots or the roots 2 weeks after application. Analysis of irrigation flow-through in pot assays confirmed that the herbicide readily exuded out of the roots. Processing of the beets removed glyphosate and herbicide levels were below the limit of detection in the crystalline sugar final product.

Functional outcome of comminuted intra-articular distal radius fractures managed by Ligamentotaxis

Distal radius fracture is one of most common fractures seen in clinical practice. Comminuted intra articular fractures are usually associated with road traffic accidents, fall from height in young patients. In old age groups it is associated with severe osteoporosis due to trivial fall. All intra articular fractures need good reduction for better functional outcome. K-wire fixation with plaster application, open reduction and internal fixation with locking plate, external fixator application (Ligamentotaxis) are various described methods for treating this fractures. When there is severe commination k-wires and screws cannot perch age the small fragments and there is high chances of loss of reduction. Also when there is severe soft tissue swelling and in case of open fractures open reduction and internal fixation is not possible. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in our hospital from January 2017 to October 2018. Inclusion criteria include close and open comminuted intra-articular fractures of distalradius in skeletally mature patients. All patients treated by Ligamentotaxis (external fixator application). Exfix removal done after six weeks and started on physiotherapy. Every patient functional outcome assessed 4months after exfix removal using Mayo wrist scoring. Results: Overall 30 patients of comminuted intra-articular distal radius fractures treated by Ligamentotaxis. Non dominant hand involved in 10 patients and dominant hand involved in 20 patients. All patients under went removal of exfix after 6 weeks of application. All patients subjected to vigorous physiotherapy after exfix removal for 3 weeks. Functional outcome of every patient measured using mayo wrist score 4 months after exfix removal. Overall together the average mayo wrist score of operated wrist was 82 with excellent results in 46.66% of cases, good results in 36.66% of cases and satisfactory results in 10%of cases, poor results in 6.66% cases with a very significant p-value of

Topical Nitroglycerine Versus Lateral Sphincterectomy for Fissure in Ano: A Hospital Based Comparative Study

Background: Anal fissure is a common benign condition presenting as severe pain, constipations and bleeding per rectum. It is defined as longitudinal tear or defect in anal canal skin. Surgical treatment of this conditions requires hospital admission and complications, like bleeding, infection and to its severe extent continence disturbances. That warrants a new treatment modality as pharmacological sphincterotomy i. e topical GTN (glycerine trinitrate) whose effects are reversible, cost effective and simple.&#x0D; Objective: The objective is to compare the effectiveness of topical GTN over lateral sphincterotomy in terms of pain management and healing of fissure.&#x0D; Method: This was a comparative study carried out in the department of Surgery at Nepalgunj Medical College, Teaching Hospital. Two groups were created and 25 patients in each group were put randomly. First group (Group 1) used topical GTN whereas second group(Group 2) underwent lateral sphincterotomy for treatment of fissure. The two groups were reassessed at 4 and 8 weeks for pain and fissure healing.&#x0D; Result: Total number of patients was 50. Each group consisted of 25 patients. The male to female ratio in group 1 was 1:1.5 and in group 2 it was 1: 1.8. In group 1 patients after 4 weeks of application of GTN pain reduced from the mean of 80±15 at the time of presentation to 50±9.27. When these patients were seen after 8 weeks, the pain reduction on VAS was nil in 21 patients out of 25. In group 2 the mean score fell from 75±15 to 20±10 after 4 weeks and at 8weeks 23 out of 25 patients didn't have any pain. It was observed that the pain reduction and healing were faster in group 2 patients when evaluated after 4 weeks (p=0.0029). but at the end of 8 weeks both group patients were similar in terms of pain reduction and healing of fissure (p=.28).&#x0D; Conclusion: According to study local GTN application is as effective as lateral sphincterotomy with cost effectiveness, simple with tolerable side effect and no continence disturbances.

Damage Assessment and Management of Armyworm [Mythimna separata, Walker] in Winter Maize at Rampur, Chitwan

Mythimna separata Walker commonly known as armyworm (Rice Ear-Cutting Caterpillar), belonging to Lepidoptora: Noctuidae is one of the major insect pests of maize in Nepal. Application of selective pesticide is mostly used approach to control the pest population to minimize its possible damage. A field experiment was carried out to find out the loss by armyworm in maize field (variety RML32/17) during winter season of 2016/17. The experiment was laid under Randomized Complete Block Design with eight treatments and three replications in the research field of National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur. The treatments consisted of: i) Metarrhizium anisopliae ii) Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus iii)Spinosad iv)Furadon v) Magik vi)Lara-909 vii) Multineem viii) Control. The treatments were applied three times at 30DAS, 45DAS and 60DAS for each replication and armyworm damaged plants were counted after a week of application among the 30 sample plants tagged in each plot. Number of damaged plants by armyworm after each spraying and maize yield in each plot were recorded and analyzed by GenStat. It was found that least number of plants were damaged in plots applied with treatments Lara-909, subsequently followed by Spinosad while more plants were damaged successively in control and M. anisopliae. The highest average yield (6.73 ton/ha) was found in Lara-909 treated plot followed by Spinosad (6.67 ton/ha) which were significant with the lowest average yield found in control (5.76 ton/ha) but only statistical at par with rest of the treatments. Spinosad (Natural product of Saccharopolyspora spinosa) was found to be the best alternative of chemical pesticides for the eco-friendly management of armyworm.

Efficacy of a repair cream containing Rhealba oat plantlets extract l-ALA-l-GLU dipeptide, and hyaluronic acid in wound healing following dermatological acts: a meta-analysis of >2,000 patients in eight countries corroborated by a dermatopediatric clinical case.

BackgroundThe frequency of dermatological acts is increasing. These procedures often cause injuries and traumatic alterations in specific skin layers, slowing down wound healing.Patients and methodsAn open observational study lasting 1 month was conducted on 2,363 patients who had undergone various dermatological procedures. This study was conducted in eight European countries and an Asian country during which the tolerance and efficacy of a cosmetic cream based on Rhealba oat plantlets’ extract, l-ALA–l-GLU dipeptide, and hyaluronic acid were assessed on patients’ wounds.ResultsEfficacy was observed 5′ after the first application, which leads to an immediate relief, confirmed by the overall efficacy judged by the doctors as good or very good in 96.8% of the cases. In Germany, the efficacy of the same cream was assessed on children suffering from first- or second-degree burns. In this dermatopediatric case, the aim was to support the regeneration process and prevent scarring by using a topical cream rather than a silicon bandage or corticosteroids. A positive effect on skin regeneration and prevention of scaring could already be observed after 4 weeks of application without any undesired complication.ConclusionThis clinical focus complements the previous meta-analysis by demonstrating that the tested cream containing Rhealba oat plantlets’ extracts, l-ALA–l-GLU dipeptide, and hyaluronic acid could also be used with a great efficacy in children after thermal burns to prevent scaring.