Week Of August Research Articles

Seasonal Incidence of Sucking Pests and Their Natural Enemies on Moth Bean [Vigna aconitifolia(Jacq.) Marechal

A field experiment was conducted at the College of Agriculture, NAU, Bharuch (Gujarat) to study the seasonal incidence of sucking pests and their natural enemies and their correlation with weather parameters on moth bean during kharif -2023. The studies on seasonal incidence indicated that jassid infestation began in the 1st week of August (31st SMW) and peaked during the 1st week of September (35th SMW). Whitefly infestation also began in the 1st week of August (31st SMW) achieved its peak during 2nd week of September (36th SMW). The population of thripscommenced from 1st week of August (31st SMW) reached its peak during2nd week of September (36th SMW). The population of ladybird beetle appeared from 2nd week of August (32th SMW) and reached its peak during 2nd week of September (36th SMW). The population of chrysoperla appeared from 2nd week of August(32nd SMW) and reached its peak population during 2nd week of September (36th SMW). Among the different environmental factors, morning relative humidity had a significant positive impact on the jassid and whitefly population. Bright sunshine hours showed significant positive influence on thrips and whitefly population. However no significant correlation was observed between ladybird beetle and Chrysoperla population with weather parameters.

Using a seed impact mill to limit waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) seed inputs in Iowa soybean

Abstract Mounting cases of herbicide-resistant waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer] in the U.S. Midwest have renewed the interest in nonchemical weed management strategies. Field experiments were conducted in 2021 and 2022 to quantify the effectiveness of a commercial combine equipped with a seed impact mill in preventing A. tuberculatus seed return to the soil seedbank in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Amaranthus tuberculatus seed shattering before crop harvest was quantified. Amaranthus tuberculatus started shattering seeds during the last week of August in both years. Overall, 51% of A. tuberculatus seeds were retained on the plant at harvest on October 23, 2021, compared with 61% at harvest on October 7, 2022. Viability of shattered A. tuberculatus seeds ranged from 84% to 94%. Additional seed shattering occurred when plants were disturbed by the combine header during soybean harvest, which caused 15% and 9% shattering in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Amaranthus tuberculatus seeds passed through the impact mill were grouped in three categories: no damage, moderate damage, and severe damage. In 2021, A. tuberculatus seeds with moderate damage had 26% lower germination and viability than seeds with no visible damage. In 2022, seed germination and viability of no-damage seeds did not differ from seeds with a moderate level of damage. No severely damaged seed germinated or tested viable in either year. Altogether, impact mill treatment reduced the number of germinable seeds by 87% compared with the no–impact mill treatment. These results indicate that seed impact mills can be a useful tool in Iowa soybean production to help manage multiple herbicide–resistant A. tuberculatus populations. However, A. tuberculatus seed shattering before crop harvest reduces the overall effectiveness of seed impact mills in preventing seedbank replenishments.

Effects of mulching on plant growth, viral diseases, earliness and fruit yield attributes of round gourd under variable sowing dates in North Indian plains

Abstract Round gourd is sensitive to low temperature (March), high temperature (May–June), high humidity (July–August), and whitefly-transmitted begomovirus diseases (July–September), thereby restricting its fruit availability period in North-Western Indian Plains. Mulches extend the growing season by modifying soil temperature and reducing the incidence of viral diseases. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of sowing time, mulching and their interaction on performance of round gourd crop so as to identify the best mulch at different sowing times. The field trials were conducted in a split-plot design during 2021 and 2022. The main plot consisted of six sowing dates, i.e., the first week of March (DS1), April (DS2), May (DS3), June (DS4), July (DS5) and August (DS6). The sub-plot comprised bare soil (BS) and three mulching treatments, viz., silver-black plastic mulch (SBPM), black plastic mulch (BPM) and paddy straw mulch (6 t/ha) (PSM). The BPM and SBPM increased the seasonal soil temperature over BS by 3.1–4.1°C and 2.1–3.1°C, respectively, whereas the PSM reduced the seasonal soil temperature by 2.3–3.5°C. The SBPM produced the best crop performance, followed by BPM and PSM in all sowing dates except DS5 in which the PSM outperformed BPM. The DS1 and DS2 were the best sowing times, and the crop performance gradually declined with each successive sowing time, except that the crop performed better in DS6 compared with DS5. The SBPM or BPM in DS2 and DS1 were the best treatment combinations for round gourd cultivation in the study area.

The Effect of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) Factors on Purchasing Behavior Intention of Cosmetic Consumers: Mediating Effect of Information Seeking Behavior, Moderating effect of consumption tendency

This study applied the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to identify the factors of TPB that influence the purchase behavior intention of cosmeceutical consumers and examined the mediating effect of information-seeking behavior in these relationships. The study was conducted over a three-week period, from the first to the third week of August 2024, targeting women aged 20 and above residing in the Seoul metropolitan area. A total of 325 respondents were used for statistical analysis. The summary of the results based on hypothesis testing is as follows. First, among the sub-factors of the Theory of Planned Behavior, attitude, subjective norms, perceived control, and purchase experience were found to have a significant positive influence on purchase behavior intention. Second, the TPB sub-factors of attitude, subjective norms, perceived control, and purchase experience were also found to significantly positively affect information-seeking behavior. Third, information-seeking behavior was found to have a significant positive impact on purchase behavior intention. Fourth, a mediating effect of information-seeking behavior was confirmed in the relationship between the sub-factors of TPB and purchase behavior intention. Fifth, the moderating effect of consumption propensity was confirmed. It should be noted that the results of this study are limited to the female respondents aged 20 and above residing in Seoul and the surrounding metropolitan area, thus caution should be exercised in generalizing the findings.

Introduction of wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Ukraine

Abstract Since the Russian invasion, Ukraine has faced humanitarian crises and challenges in diseases surveillance. The primary healthcare (PHC) system struggled with growing numbers of internally displaced and wounded people. In October 2022, the PATH-led, USAID-funded Support TB Control Efforts in Ukraine (STBCEU) project, supported implementation of wastewater surveillance (WWS) for SARS-CoV-2 in four oblasts on request of the Ministry of Health (MoH), expanding to 18 oblasts by October 2023. Samples were collected from 64 sites twice per week and tested for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A/B using BioExtract® Premium Mag test kits in regional laboratories. From October 2022 to April 2024, 4,784 samples were collected at municipal aqueducts, with SARS-CoV-2 delta and omicron variants detected across all regions. WWS sample results were compared with routine surveillance to assess trends in concentrations and reported cases among population. Gradual decrease in SARS-CoV-2 concentration to zero by May 29, 2023, coincided with a decrease in morbidity. In the last week of August 2023, the concentration of the SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater began its gradual increase with the beginning of new cases registration among the population within 2 weeks, by mid-September. From October 2023, SARS-CoV-2 dominated in 96.6% of positive WWS testing results; in other specimens, influenza and respiratory viruses have been identified. The implementation of WWS in Ukraine highlighted its effectiveness as a public health tool in settings where traditional surveillance methods are disrupted, providing timely data on the viral pathogens for outbreaks prediction and responses, underscoring its role in preventive health measures. The MOH of Ukraine recommended extending the method nationwide for routine surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens, enhancing Ukraine’s capacity to manage public health threats and strengthen the resilience of its health system against future crises. Key messages • WWS in Ukraine underscores its effectiveness as a public health tool, providing timely data on viral pathogens for outbreak prediction and response in disrupted settings. • Notable decline in SARS-CoV-2 concentration in wastewater correlates with reduced morbidity, highlighting WWS’s predictive value.

Response of Native and Non-Native Subarctic Plant Species to Continuous Illumination by Natural and Artificial Light.

This study addressed the following questions: How does continuous lighting (CL) impact plant physiology, and photosynthetic and stress responses? Does the impact of CL depend on the source of the light and other environmental factors (natural vs. artificial)? Do responses to CL differ for native and non-native plant species in the subarctic region and, if differences exist, what physiological reasons might they be associated with them? Experiments were conducted with three plants native to the subarctic region (Geranium sylvaticum L., Geum rivale L., Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch.) and three non-native plant species (Geranium himalayense Klotzsch, Geum coccineum Sibth. and Sm., Potentilla atrosanguinea Loddiges ex D. Don) introduced in the Polar-Alpine Botanic Garden (KPABG, 67°38' N). The experimental groups included three species pairs exposed to (1) a natural 16 h photoperiod, (2) natural CL, (3) an artificial 16 h photoperiod and (4) artificial CL. In the natural environment, measurements of physiological and biochemical parameters were carried out at the peak of the polar day (at the end of June), when the plants were illuminated continuously, and in the second week of August, when the day length was about 16 h. Th experiments with artificial lighting were conducted in climate chambers where plants were exposed to 16 h or 24 h photoperiods for two weeks. Other parameters (light intensity, spectrum composition, temperature and air humidity) were held constant. The obtained results have shown that plants lack specific mechanisms of tolerance to CL. The protective responses are non-specific and induced by developing photo-oxidative stress. In climate chambers, under constant environmental conditions artificial CL causes leaf injuries due to oxidative stress, the main cause of which is circadian asynchrony. In nature, plants are not photodamaged during the polar day, as endogenous rhythms are maintained due to daily fluctuations of several environmental factors (light intensity, spectral distribution, temperature and air humidity). The obtained data show that among possible non-specific protective mechanisms, plants use flavonoids to neutralize the excess ROS generated under CL. In local subarctic plants, their photoprotective role is significantly higher than in non-native introduced plant species.

Assessing the Impact of Weather Parameters on the Population Dynamics of Insect Pests in Cucurbit Vegetables under Mid-Hill Conditions of Himachal Pradesh

A study focusing on population dynamics of sucking and leaf-eating some insect pests along with their correlation with weather parameters in cucurbits was conducted at research field, Department of Entomology, Dr. YSPUHF, Solan, H.P., India from June-October, 2019 and 2020. The results revealed that Amrasca biguttula biguttula (I), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (W), Aulacophora foveicollis (L), Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (F), Liriomyza trifolii (B), Aulacophora sp., were recorded as the major insect pests. In bitter gourd, maximum population of jassids recorded was (2.33/leaf) in first week of August while, maximum whitefly population in bottle gourd (2.96/leaf) during last week of August and in ridge gourd during last week of July (3.76/leaf). The maximum red pumpkin beetle population on bitter gourd (2.4 beetles/plant) and bottle gourd (2.6 beetles/plant) was observed during last week of August while, hadda beetle attained peak population during first and third week of August in ridge gourd (1.0/plant) and bitter gourd (1.1 adults/plant), respectively. Maximum leaf miner infestation (2.7 mines/leaf) in bottle gourd and ridge gourd was observed during first and third week of August. All pest attained maximum population between 30 to 32 SMW when weather parameters values were Tmax: 27.50 to 28.90; Tmin: 20.60 to 20.80 oC; RH: 79 to 80 %; Rainfall: 25.80 to 30.20 mm. Relative humidity and rainfall played major role with non-significant positive influence on the population build-up of these pests in cucurbit crops along with temperature. The present findings on weather-driven pest dynamics can inform strategies to boost crop yields and reduce farmers' economic losses in similar environments.

Extreme wildfires over northern Greece during summer 2023 – Part A: Effects on aerosol optical properties and solar UV radiation

In Mediterranean countries, such as Greece, the frequency of forest fires has increased in recent years, primarily due to the widespread impacts of climate change. At the end of August 2023, Greece experienced a record-breaking heatwave that triggered severe wildfire incidents, significantly impacting the atmospheric conditions of several cities, among them Thessaloniki. A significant number of wildfires occurred in northern Greece (Evros), burning thousands of hectares of the protected Dadia forest (Natura 2000) and releasing a significant load of smoke into the atmosphere. According to the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) a total area of 90,000ha was burnt collectively by the Evros extreme wildfires during August 2023. The emissions led to severely adverse air pollution conditions, causing reduced visibility across an extended eastern Mediterranean region for several days. In this work, we analyze the influence of the transported biomass burning particles on the aerosol properties in the free troposphere, as well as on the surface UV radiation levels over Thessaloniki during the last week of August 2023. The transported smoke plume was detected over the Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics (LAP) in Thessaloniki, approximately 240 km away from the burning area, from August 22nd to the 25th. During this period, the presence of smoke led to exceptionally increased levels of aerosol optical depth (AOD), reaching up to 3.4 at 340nm (the highest ever recorded in Thessaloniki), as well as high Ångström exponent (AE) values, peaking at 2.4 for the 440–870nm range, followed by high Fine Mode Fractions (FMFs), indicating the prevalence of fine-mode smoke aerosol particle. Moreover, during the event, the presence of the biomass burning aerosols led to a strong attenuation of the solar UV irradiance by up to 90 %, reaching unprecedented levels, similar of a solar eclipse. The primary goal of this study is to highlight the extensive impacts that wildfires have, which are anticipated to increase in frequency in the near future, due to the predicted rise in the rate of occurrence of summer heatwaves especially for Mediterranean areas and specifically for Greece. Furthermore, the great value of the synergistic monitoring of the event with ground-based remote sensing instrumentation, along with satellite aerosol observations and modeling tools, is made prominent.

Effect of Different Nutrient Management Practices on Kharif Rice Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Soil Properties in Telangana

The field experiment was conducted during kharif-2019, 2020 and 2021in RARS Warangal, located at 180 01.077 N latitude 790 36.197 E longitude and an altitude of 259 m above mean sea level to study the effect of different nutrient management practices on rice yield, nutrient uptake and soil properties in Telangana. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized block design with 5 treatments (T1 = Organic Farming, T2 = Chemical farming, T3 = Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), T4 = Control and T5 = Natural farming) replicated in four times. Rice (WGL-32100) was sown during third week of July, transplanted in third week of August and harvested at 135 days after sowing. The results indicated that, significantly higher grain yield (5357 kg ha-1) was recorded in INM over control (3632 kg ha-1), natural farming (3986 kg ha-1) and organic farming (4843 kg ha-1) but at par with chemical farming (5164 kg ha-1). Significantly higher straw yield (6428 kg ha-1) was recorded in INM over control (4326 kg ha-1), natural farming (5100 kg ha-1), organic farming (5668 kg ha-1) and chemical farming (5856 kg ha-1). Significantly higher nitrogen uptake (87.42 kg ha-1) was recorded in INM over control (56.58 kg ha-1), natural farming (67.58 kg ha-1) and organic farming (75.39 kg ha-1) but at par with chemical farming (81.46 kg ha-1). Significantly higher phosphorus uptake (27.34 kg ha-1) was recorded in INM over control (17.80 kg ha-1) and natural farming (19.76 kg ha-1) but at par with organic farming (25.52 kg ha-1) and chemical farming (25.86 kg ha-1). Significantly higher potassium uptake (96.66 kg ha-1) was recorded in INM over control (56.31 kg ha-1), natural farming (68.20 kg ha-1) and organic farming (81.27 kg ha-1) but at par with chemical farming (89.29 kg ha-1). The maximum increase in the OC, available N, P2O5 and K2O were noted in INM (6.9 g kg-1, 186, 45 and 296 kg ha-1, respectively). The lowest value of OC, available N, P2O5 and K2O were noted in control (4.1 g kg-1, 58, 18 and 201 kg ha-1, respectively).

Reconstructing the timing of South Africa’s influenza season over the past century from newspaper records

ABSTRACT While the contemporary influenza season in South Africa is understood, its historical occurrence and dynamics are not. This study applies methods in historical geography, using archival newspaper reports to reconstruct the historical influenza season in South Africa over the past century (1904–2019) to examine changes in the seasonality of influenza in South Africa, and to compare this to contemporary records. A 20% seasonal threshold was calculated and applied to the data to return this approximate 19-week season, with the start of the influenza season ranging from week one in 1917 to week 41 of the year in 1918. On average, over the past century, the South African influenza season has started in the first week of May and ended in the last week of August, lasting 19 weeks. This outcome aligns with the contemporary influenza season described in other studies. These records reveal considerable interannual variability in length and timing with no unimodal shifts. The most linked climate phenomenon to influenza transmission rate were cold and winter conditions. This has important implications in advancing the timing of influenza vaccines to the late summer and early autumn weeks. Moreover, this shows how archival newspaper proxy records can help us reconstruct the past.

Exploring the impact of giving free food samples and loyalty cards on sustainable food choices: A stepped wedge trial in workplace food outlets

Free samples and loyalty cards are frequently used, but there is little rigorous empirical testing of their effects. We conducted a stepped wedge trial in 29 workplace food outlets to investigate their effects on sales of plant-based meals. Outlets were randomly assigned to three sequences that entered the intervention in the first, second, or third week of August 2022. Free samples of plant-based meals were given out in the first week of the intervention; loyalty cards were available throughout, entitling the bearer to a free meal after they had bought three. The intervention period ended in the last week of August for all outlets. The free meal could be redeemed until one month later. We did not find statistically significant effects of the interventions compared to the baseline period. Our process evaluation indicated that many participants preferred to eat their habitual meal or were unaware of the loyalty cards.

The Sexual Health Clinic Role in Vaccine and Treatment Access During the 2022 Mpox Outbreak in King County, Washington.

Sexual health clinics were frontline providers in the 2022 US mpox public health response, though data on clinic-based mpox vaccine scale-up, diagnoses, and treatment are limited. We describe the role of a public health sexual health clinic (SHC) in King County's mpox response, between 5/23/22-10/31/22. In July 2022, the SHC implemented a dedicated vaccine clinic and presumptive tecovirimat treatment (prior to laboratory confirmation) with on-site dispensation. We describe SHC's vaccine scale-up and contribution to clinical care by calculating the weekly number of vaccines administered by SHC and the total number of patients diagnosed and treated for mpox within SHC, and comparing to countywide data. We calculated time from symptom onset to testing and time from testing to treatment, and assessed temporal changes in these metrics using linear regression. The SHC provided ≥1 vaccine doses to 7,442 individuals (10,295 doses), administering 42% of the 24,409 vaccine doses provided countywide, with the greatest contribution in the first week of August (n = 1,562, 58% of countywide vaccinations that week). Of 598 patients evaluated for mpox and tested, 178 (30%) tested positive (37% of countywide cases), and 152 (85% of SHC patients with mpox) received tecovirimat (46% of treatment countywide). Median time from symptom onset to testing decreased from 12 to 6 days (p = 0.045); time from testing to treatment decreased from 4.5 days to 0 days (p < 0.001). The SHC was central to mpox vaccination and treatment scale-up, particularly in the first months of the 2022 epidemic.

Studying War in a Time of War: Russian Imperialism in the Seventeenth and Twenty-First Centuries

Abstract In the first two weeks of August, 535 Russian soldiers were seriously wounded in Eastern Ukraine. The year was 1678. 1678 saw some of the heaviest fighting in the Russo-Turkish of 1676–81, as the Ottoman and Russian Empires, alongside their local allies, struggled to gain control of the strategic location of Chyhyryn. In summer 2023, that town on the Dnipro was only around 300km from the front in the Russo-Ukraine war. To read about soldiers being injured and killed in service of imperial expansion three centuries ago as we watch the same empire engage in the same activities in the same location today brings home how history and the present are inescapably connected. Indeed, historians of violence have faced this problem before, as with a group at the University of Pittsburgh working on Gun Violence and Its Histories, who explicitly seek to use histories of violence to think about gun violence in the modern USA. Military histories have long been an established part of the study of Russian history, highlighting the technological, imperial, bureaucratic, and diplomatic aspects of organized state violence. The present moment demands a re-evaluation of histories of Russia at war, one that considers such issues as histories of disability and pain, and also engages with recent calls to decolonize Russian studies. Putting into dialogue these different perspectives on war and violence we can consider if, why, and how we can study the history of war during a time of war.

Exploring the daytime boundary layer evolution based on Doppler spectrum width from multiple coplanar wind lidars during CROSSINN

Abstract. Over heterogeneous, mountainous terrain, the determination of spatial heterogeneity of any type of a turbulent layer has been known to pose substantial challenges in mountain meteorology. In addition to the combined effect in which buoyancy and shear contribute to the turbulence intensity of such layers, it is well known that mountains add an additional degree of complexity via non-local transport mechanisms, compared to flatter topography. It is therefore the aim of this study to determine the vertical depths of both daytime convectively and shear-driven boundary layers within a fairly wide and deep Alpine valley during summertime. Specifically, three Doppler lidars deployed during the CROSSINN (Cross-valley flow in the Inn Valley investigated by dual-Doppler lidar measurements) campaign within a single week in August 2019 are used to this end, as they were deployed along a transect nearly perpendicular to the along-valley axis. To achieve this, a bottom-up exceedance threshold method based on turbulent Doppler spectrum width sampled by the three lidars has been developed and validated against a more traditional bulk Richardson number approach applied to radiosonde profiles obtained above the valley floor. The method was found to adequately capture the depths of convective turbulent boundary layers at a 1 min temporal and 50 m spatial resolution across the valley, with the degree of ambiguity increasing once surface convection decayed and upvalley flows gained in intensity over the course of the afternoon and evening hours. Analysis of four intensive observation period (IOP) events elucidated three regimes of the daytime mountain boundary layer in this section of the Inn Valley. Each of the three regimes has been analysed as a function of surface sensible heat flux H, upper-level valley stability Γ, and upper-level subsidence wL estimated with the coplanar retrieval method. Finally, the positioning of the three Doppler lidars in a cross-valley configuration enabled one of the most highly spatially and temporally resolved observational convective boundary layer depth data sets during daytime and over complex terrain to date.

Detection of dengue in German tourists returning from Ibiza, Spain, related to an autochthonous outbreak, August to October 2022.

In February 2023, German public health authorities reported two dengue cases (one confirmed, one probable) and four possible cases who travelled to Ibiza, Spain, in late summer/autumn 2022; the infection was probably acquired through mosquito bites. Case 1 visited Ibiza over 1 week in late August with two familial companions; all three developed symptoms the day after returning home. Only Case 1 was tested; dengue virus (DENV) infection was confirmed by presence of NS1 antigen and IgM antibodies. Case 2 travelled to Ibiza with two familial companions for 1 week in early October, and stayed in the same town as Case 1. Case 2 showed symptoms on the day of return, and the familial companions 1 day before and 3 days after return; Case 2 tested positive for DENV IgM. The most probable source case had symptom onset in mid-August, and travelled to a dengue-endemic country prior to a stay in the same municipality of Ibiza for 20 days, until the end of August. Dengue diagnosis was probable based on positive DENV IgM. Aedes albopictus, a competent vector for dengue, has been present in Ibiza since 2014. This is the first report of a local dengue transmission event on Ibiza.

Synergistic effects of L-glutamine and inorganic nitrogen molar ratios enhance the induction of somatic embryogenesis of Pinus maximinoi H.E. Moore

Clonal breeding programs of Pinus maximinoi require the establishment of a robust somatic embryogenesis (SE) protocol to produce enough cell lines to accelerate the effective continuous deployment of elite planting stocks to research and commercial compartments. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from immature zygotic embryo explants enclosed in megagametophytes of P. maximinoi collected from two plantations located in different climatic conditions. Cones were collected during the winter months from July to August and the influence of seed family, cone collection date and culture medium formulation, with emphasis on the organic and inorganic nitrogen supply, were studied. Ammonium to nitrate molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 in modified Litvay’s medium (mLV) produced the highest numbers of extrusions, while a 1:4 ratio mostly produced unhealthy, non-embryogenic extrusions. The formation of a tissue showing a rapidly-proliferating, spiky morphotype was produced in a medium supplemented with 1.5 g/L of L-glutamine. Morphologically advanced cultures with nodular structures were produced in megagametophytes from both plantations in a 1:2 NH4+:NO3− medium regardless of L-glutamine supplementation levels. The optimal medium for P. maximinoi SE induction contained a 1:2 NH4+:NO3− molar ratio with 1.5 g/L L-glutamine. The synergy between the molar ratio of NH4+:NO3− and L-glutamine resulted in the highest numbers of extrusions. The overall inductive competence window for somatic embryogenic response in P. maximinoi was determined to be from the second week of July to the first week of August for both plantations. The “peak” period was in the fourth week of July 2022. The success of the SE technology in P. maximinoi seed families is determined by the optimal inductive competence window of the immature megagametophytes enclosing zygotic embryos and the chemical composition of the induction medium in terms of the ammonium to nitrate molar ratio and the concentration of the L-glutamine used.

High-resolution digital outcrop model of the faults, fractures, and stratigraphy of the Agardhfjellet Formation cap rock shales at Konusdalen West, central Spitsbergen

Abstract. Structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry has become an important tool for the digitalisation of outcrops as digital outcrop models (DOMs). DOMs facilitate the mapping of stratigraphy and discontinuous structures like folds, faults, and fractures from the centimetre to kilometre scale. With pristine, treeless exposures, the outcropping strata in Svalbard, Arctic Norway, hold exceptional potential for analogue studies and are ideally suited for the acquisition of high-resolution DOMs. Here, we present the acquisition, processing, and integration of the Konusdalen West digital model data set, comprising both DOM and derived digital terrain model (DTM) data. Drone-based image acquisition took place over 2 weeks in July and August 2020. The Konusdalen West DOM and DTM cover a 0.12 km2 area and span a 170 m elevation difference. The DOM covers the upper two-thirds of the mudstone-dominated Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Agardhfjellet Formation. The Agardhfjellet Formation and its time equivalents are regional cap rocks for CO2 sequestration and petroleum accumulations on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. A total of 15 differential GNSS control points were used to georeference and quality assure the digital data assets, 5 of which function as reference checkpoints. SfM processing of 5512 acquired images resulted in high-confidence, centimetre-scale resolution point clouds, textured mesh (DOM), tiled model, orthomosaics, and a DTM. The confidence-filtered dense cloud features an average inter-point distance of 1.57 cm and has an average point density of 3824.9 points per metre. The five checkpoints feature root mean square errors of 2.0 cm in X, 1.3 cm in Y, 5.2 cm in Z, and 5.7 cm in XYZ. Increased confidences and densities are present along the western flank of the Konusdalen West outcrop, where a fault fracture network in mudstone-dominated strata is best exposed and photographed most extensively. Top and side view orthomosaics feature maximum resolutions of 8 mm per pixel, enabling the mapping of faults, formation members, marker beds, fractures, and other sub-centimetre features. Additional structural measurements and observations were taken in June 2021 to place the data in the geological context. Data described in this paper can be accessed at Norstore under https://doi.org/10.11582/2022.00027 (Betlem, 2022b).

The Effectiveness of the HYPO Method (Hypnobreastfeeding and Oxytocin Massage) with Breast Milk Expenditure in Postpartum Post-Sc Mothers at RSIA Cahaya Bunda Cirebon City in 2023

With all these factors, it helps mothers and their families, especially their husbands, to be able to do oxytocin massage and hypnosis so that they can release the hormones prolactin and oxytocin to trigger milk release. (Josefa, 2013). The importance of exclusive breastfeeding can be seen from the role of the world, namely in 2006 the World Health Organization (WHO) issued Child Growth Standards which were then applied throughout the world whose contents emphasized the importance of giving only breast milk to babies from birth to 6 months of age. (Prasetyono, 2009). Apart from that, the importance of breastfeeding was also seen in world events, namely the World Breastfeeding Week in August 2008, The World Alliance For Breast Feeding Action (WABA) chose the theme Mother Support: Going For the Gold. The meaning of the theme is a movement to invite everyone to increase support for mothers to provide their babies with gold standard food. This study uses comparative research. That is using a control group design research. In this study there were two groups, namely the control group without treatment and the intervention group with treatment, then the results were measured through observation before being processed in the SPSS test. In the control group without intervention, the results of the majority of breastfeeding were ≤ 20 ml as much as 95%. Meanwhile, in the intervention group with the treatment, there was a majority of &gt; 20 ml of breast milk expenditure, as much as 90%. The average value of breastfeeding was 34.50 ml for the intervention group, 15 ml for the control group. There is an effectiveness between the HIPO method (Hypnobreastfeeding and Oxytocin Massage) and milk production in postpartum post SC mothers at RSIA Cahaya Bunda Cirebon with a significance value of 0.000 &lt;0.05.

Population Dynamics of Fall Army Worm, Spodoptera Frugiperda (J E Smith) Infesting Maize

Fall army worm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith) was found as major pest of maize in Rajasthan. Its peak larval incidence was observed in the first week of August (2.08 larvae/ plant) and second week of August (2.47 larvae/ plant) during 2019 and 2020, respectively. Its damage increased with crop growth and reached up to 48.33 and 58.33% during last week of September (39th SMW) during 2019 and 2020, respectively. The cob damage started in first week of September and peak damage was (36.67 and 42.22%) in the last week of September. Larval incidence exhibited positively significant correlation with mean temperature, and negative significance with rainfall.

1949 Improving the utilisation rate of ‘hot slots’ in an outpatient frailty service

Abstract Background North Middlesex University Hospital runs an outpatient frailty service where patients are referred for a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment. There is a daily ‘hot slot’ for patients who otherwise would have required hospital admission if not seen within seven days. We aimed to improve utilisation of hot slots from 50% to 100%. Empty hot slots result in the under-utilisation of pre-allocated resources and increase the workload of healthcare professionals in other departments. Methods Author ESK audited hot slot usage in November and December 2022, marking slots as ‘filled’ or ‘unfilled’. In January 2023 we established a clear referral process for the hot slots and implemented an education program targeted at referrers to increase awareness of the availability of hot slots and referral criteria. Authors ESK, NS and FM re-audited the hot slot usage from February to April 2023. Author FM analysed the data and conducted statistical testing of the results. Authors NS and FM produced visual representation of the data collected. Results After exclusion of periods where the hot slots were closed (n=13) including strike days, bank holidays and times with below minimum staffing; 82 hot slots were audited, pre-intervention (n=39) and post-intervention (n=43). The utilisation of hot slots increased from 51% pre-intervention to 86% post-intervention. Fisher's exact test shows this is statistically significant (p&amp;lt;0.0007). Conclusions The education program increased utilisation of hot slots but fell short of the targeted 100% utilisation rate. We made the hot slot available exclusively to the Geriatric Emergency Medicine (GEM) team for one week in August 2023 to assess whether this increases GEM utilisation of the hot slot. We intend to further analyse the data to review the appropriateness of referrals and try to improve this. A larger project could assess impact of hot slot usage on patient outcomes.