Weed Management Practices Research Articles

Effect of integrated weed management practices on growth characters of jute (Corchorus olitorius)

Effect of integrated weed management practices on growth characters of jute (Corchorus olitorius)

Weed management practices influence productivity and profitability in kharif Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)

Weed management practices influence productivity and profitability in kharif Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)

Identification of weeds in cotton fields at various growth stages using color feature techniques

Weeds affect the growth and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), which is the most prevalent commercially viable non-food crop. Accurate differentiation between weeds and cotton plants is crucial for implementing precise weed-control strategies, optimizing crop yields, and minimizing herbicide usage. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using color feature techniques combined with Otsu's method (OTSU) to distinguish weeds from cotton plants at various growth stages. The results revealed that the image segmentation approach achieved a recognition rate of 74.17% during the second growth stage. In the third growth stage, the weed identification process primarily targeted lambsquarters (Chenopodium album). The standard deviation (SD) difference between the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) components of the plant images revealed that the difference between the SD values of R and B was <5, which could serve as an effective threshold for identifying lambsquarters. Additionally, the recognition rates for cotton and lambsquarters were 71.40% and 92.90%, respectively, and the overall recognition rate reached 82.10% during the identification process. The results of this study have practical implications for weed management practices, such as targeted herbicide application, mitigation of environmental impacts, and contribution to higher crop yields. Future research will focus on refining these methods by exploring advanced image processing techniques that integrate deep learning for automatic feature extraction, which will be evaluated for handling complex agronomic scenarios, such as leaf occlusion, varying growth stages, and image noise.

Effect of Sowing Methods, Weed Management and Growth Promoters on Yield and Quality Behavior of Kharif Maize (Zea mays L)

The present investigation was carried out during two consecutive kharif season in years 2022 and 2023 at students. Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U. P). The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design keeping sowing methods in main plot and weed management practices in sub plots with growth promoters in sub – sub plots with three replications. There was two sowing methods viz; Conventional methods (S1) and Ridge methods (S2). Whereas weed management practices were five, viz; Weed Free (W1), Weedy Check (W2), Atrazine Pre-emergence @ 1.25 Kg /ha (W3), Halosulfuron methyl Post-emergence @ 65g a.i./ha (W4), Atrazine Pre-emergence @ 0.75 l/ha + Halosulfuron methyl Post-emergence @ 35g ai./ha (W5). and there was Growth promoters’ practices were three viz; Gibberellic acid (Sayish) (G1), Amino acid + Humic acid (Spring ever) (G2), Cytokinins + Enzymes (Ambition) (G3). The experiment was shown on 10th July during 2022 and 13rd July during 2023 using hybrid maize DKC-9144. The crop was harvested at full ripe stage on 11 October and 14 October, in 2022 and 2023, respectively. The highest grain yield, biological yield, stower yield, harvesting index, protein content and protein yield was found under the treatment of S2 (Ridge method) in sowing method, treatment W2 (weed free) in weed control methods and treatment G3 (Cytokinins + Enzymes) in plant growth promotor.

Effects of Metribuzin on Soil Microbiome and Weed Management Under Varying Planting Practices and Potato Seed Dormancy

AbstractWeed infestation in potato field has become a major concern to smallholder farmers and environment, requiring sustainable intervention. This study aimed to determine (i) whether metribuzin application rate (0, 0.5, 1 (standard), 1.5, and 2 kg ai ha−1) has effects on soil microbes and soil nutrients in the short term using potted soil and (ii) the influence of potato seed dormancy (short; Shangi variety and long; Unica variety) and planting technique (surface, ridge, or furrow planting) on the efficacy of weed management practice (metribuzin (480 g L−1) herbicide and hoeing) in the field. Bacterial colony counts were recorded upon isolation from the potted soil. Soil nutrients were also analysed before and after metribuzin treatment. Data on crop growth (height and stem count), weed abundance, yield, costs, and revenues were recorded from a field experiment. Morphologically distinct bacterial strains were tested for Gram reaction and response to carbon utilization using analytical profile index kits (API 50 CH and 20 NE). In total, nine distinct bacterial strains were isolated and all were Gram positive, with variation in response to carbon substrates. Concentration of 2.0 kg a.i ha−1 significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced bacterial count in the first day, followed by an increase in the subsequent incubation days, while 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i ha−1 concentrations had the highest colony development index and species richness. Significant effects of metribuzin on soil pH, total N, and total organic C in the short term were revealed. Notably, weedy plots had the highest Shannon weed index. Weeds reduced stem count and height growth by 57% and 62% respectively. Plots with Shangi had 9.8% lower weed count than those with Unica and hence higher yield was recorded from the former. While surface planting had the lowest weed control efficacy, crop growth attributes, and yield, furrow and ridge planting were not significantly different. Weed abundance and crop growth attributes in metribuzin and hand-hoed plots did not differ significantly, yet hoeing resulted in 5.30 t ha−1 above that obtained from plots managed using metribuzin. Higher dry matter and tuber yield were observed from hoed plots with Shangi planted in furrow or ridge. Use of metribuzin resulted in higher net benefit ratio and marginal rate of return than hand hoeing. The results reveal that use of metribuzin early and later in the potato growing phase can minimize weed infestation, but the efficacy depends on planting method and seed dormancy.

Weed management strategies for grain legumes in different regions of Morocco

This study examines weed management in legume crops in Morocco. Faced with the challenges of climate change, financial profitability, and herbicide resistance, farmers are adopting a range of strategies, from plowing to herbicide use to agroecological practices. A survey of 244 farmers was conducted in different regions of Morocco. The results show that crop rotation is the most common weed management practice (81.15%), followed by herbicide use (59.43%) and manual weeding (35.25%). Major challenges include weed diversity (81.16%) and weed control budget constraints (84.84%). Farmers’ observations suggest that larger plots are associated with higher weed frequency, underlining the importance of adjusting herbicide application according to field size. In summary, Moroccan farmers are adopting an integrated approach, combining plowing, crop rotations, and herbicides for effective weed management, while facing complex challenges. It is essential to promote innovative and sustainable farming practices, guided by the results of this study, with an emphasis on developing weed-resistant legume varieties. In addition, raising farmers’ awareness of best practices, including the judicious use of herbicides, is crucial for sustainable agriculture in Morocco.

The Impact of Integrated Weed Management Practices on Nutrient Uptake in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The study investigated the impact of integrated weed management practices on nutrient uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and weeds at 90 days after transplanting (DAT) over the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons at the Crop Research Centre (CRC) farm of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut. Various weed control strategies, including the application of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides combined with manual weeding, were evaluated for their effectiveness in enhancing the uptake of essential nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) by rice, while also reducing nutrient loss to weeds. Among the strategies tested, the combination of Pyrazosulfuron at 150 g active ingredient per hectare (a.i. ha⁻¹) as a pre-emergence herbicide and Penoxsulam at 22 g a.i. ha⁻¹ as a post-emergence herbicide, supplemented with one manual weeding at 40 DAT, proved to be the most effective. This approach resulted in the highest nutrient uptake by rice and the lowest nutrient uptake by weeds. In this treatment, nitrogen uptake in the rice grains reached 62.7 kg per hectare in 2022 and 67.4 kg per hectare in 2023, significantly outperforming other treatments. The weed-free treatment, which involved complete weed eradication, also demonstrated high nutrient absorption, highlighting the importance of thorough weed control for optimal rice growth. Conversely, the untreated weedy check, where no weed control was implemented, led to the highest nutrient uptake by weeds, severely limiting the availability of nutrients for the rice crop. Manual weeding alone, without the use of herbicides, showed moderate effectiveness but was less efficient compared to the integrated approach combining herbicides and hand weeding.

Effect of Integrated Weed Management Practices in Rice (Oryza sativa) Under SRI

An experimental study was conducted at the Annamalai University Experimental Farm in Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, between February and May 2023. The objective of this work is to chemically manage the developing weeds in rice during vegetative development using the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) technology. Additionally, the study aims to identify the weed flora in the experimental field. In this study, a Randomised Block Design with three replications was employed. The experimental treatments comprised optimal combinations of chemical and mechanical techniques for weed management. The experiment was structured in a randomised block design, consisting of seven treatments, and subsequently reproduced three times. Among the several treatments, the application of Penoxsulam + Butachlor @ 2L/ha (PE) on 3 days after transplantation (DAT) for rice, and the use of Conoweeder twice on 25 and 35 DAT (rice), effectively decreased weed density and thus reduced weed biomass. This led to an improvement in crop development and production. The greater plant height, drying matter potential (DMP), and grain yield seen with the application of Penoxsulam + Butachlor @ 2L/ha (PE) on 3 days after transplantation (DAT), and Conoweeder twice on 25 and 35 DAT, may be attributed to the effective management of a weed-free environment, especially during critical growth phases of the crop. Suppression of agricultural weed competition facilitated increased growth and development of rice crop, resulting in elevated grain and straw yield.

Intercomparison of Different Agrochemicals (Herbicides) and Manual Methods of Weed Control on Weed Population and Weed Control Efficiency in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop in Himachal Pradesh Dist

Aims: A research study entitled Intercomparison of different Agrochemicals (Herbicides) and manual methods of weed control on weed population and weed control efficiency in wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.) in Himachal Pradesh district Mandi. Study Design: The experiment was designed using a Randomized Block design method. Place and Duration of Study: Department of agronomy, School of Agriculture, Abhilashi university, Chail Chowk, Mandi, (H.P.) during the Rabi season of 2022-23. Methodology: The field trail was conducted with eight treatments and replicated thrice. The investigation included eight different weed control techniques i.e. T1 -weedy check, T2 - weed free, T3 - hand weeding at 30 DAS, T4 - 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + Sulfosulfuron @ 0.02 kg a.i. ha-1 at 30 DAS,T5 - Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1(P.E) + Quizalofop-ethyl @ 50 gm a.i ha-1 (PoE at 25 DAS) + one hand weeding, T6 - 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg a.i. ha-1, T7 - 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + one hand weeding at 30 DAS, T8 - 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg a.i. ha-1 + two hand weeding at 30 and 45 DAS. Results: The investigation found that the most effective ways to control weeds are by keeping the area completely weed free by using pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1(P.E) + Quizalofop-ethyl @ 50 gm a.i ha-1(PoE at 25 DAS) + one Hand weeding (Treatment T2) was found the most successful in terms of achieving the lowest weed density and highest weed control efficiency. Application of pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1(P.E) + Quizalofop-ethyl @ 50 gm a.i ha-1 (PoE at 25 DAS) + one hand weeding was found to be better than using herbicides to reduce weed infestation in wheat crops. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that integrated weed management practices weed-free treatment was the most effective option for managing weeds in wheat.

Ecology and Management of Sedges in Direct-seeded Rice: A Review

Sedges, resilient weeds from the Cyperaceae family, pose a significant threat to direct-seeded rice cultivation due to their perennial nature and robust propagules, which endure harsh conditions. Their emergence, growth and seed production during fallow periods contribute significantly to seed banks, making their management challenging compared to other weed types. Water levels in paddy fields dictate weed composition, favouring sedges and grasses under saturated conditions but shifting to grass weeds during cropping seasons, influenced by factors like soil conditions and rainfall. Managing sedges requires a multifaceted approach due to their perennial hydrophilic and pro-alkaline nature with extensive propagules. Sedges possessing strong root system with morphological similarities necessitate continuous weed control throughout the cropping season during the critical period ranging from 15 to 60 days after sowing for wet and dry direct-seeded rice. Effective weed management practices proved crucial for minimizing yield losses caused by infestation of Cyperus difformis, Fimbristylis miliacea and Schoenoplectus juncoides by many researchers. Various methods, including cultural practices like stale seedbeds, physical methods like summer tillage, biological approaches such as integrating poultry and chemical interventions like herbicide application, are utilized for sedge management in rice fields. Higher efficacy of ethoxysulfuron for management of majority of sedge weeds in rice has been reported by many workers. However, relying on a single strategy is insufficient to keep sedge populations below the threshold, necessitating a comprehensive and adaptable approach to weed control in rice cultivation.

Impact of conservation agriculture and weed management on carbon footprint, energy efficiency, and sustainability in maize-wheat cropping systems

This study assesses the impact of conservation agriculture (CA) and weed management practices on the productivity, profitability, energy use, and carbon sustainability of a maize-wheat cropping system. Fifteen treatment combinations, incorporating five tillage methods (conventional-till maize and wheat [CT-CT], conventional-till maize and zero-till wheat [CT-ZT], zero-till maize and zero-till wheat [ZT-ZT], zero-till maize and zero-till plus residue in wheat [ZT-ZTR], and zero-till plus residue maize and wheat [ZTR-ZTR]) and three weed management practices (recommended herbicide [H-H], integrated weed management [IWM-IWM], and hand weeding [HW-HW]), were tested in a strip plot design. The results showed that ZTR-ZTR significantly increased system productivity (6.90 Mg ha−1), net returns, and benefit-cost ratio (BCR; 2.69), compared to CT. However, CT systems had 173 % higher energy use efficiency (EUE) and 170 % higher energy intensity (EI) than CA systems. CA-based treatments used about 15 % direct renewable energy and 85 % indirect renewable energy, while CT systems used 15–20 % direct non-renewable energy and 85–86 % indirect non-renewable energy. Among weed management practices, recommended herbicides (H-H) led to the highest productivity (6.71 Mg ha−1), EUE (9.80), net returns (3003 US$ ha−1), and BCR (3.08), but also higher carbon footprints. This underscores the balance between productivity, energy efficiency, and carbon in agriculture.

Influence of various weed management practices on weed dynamics of transplanted rice

Influence of various weed management practices on weed dynamics of transplanted rice

Effect of crop establishment method and weed management practices on weed and rice yield under DSR system

Effect of crop establishment method and weed management practices on weed and rice yield under DSR system

Effect of weed management practices on growth and yield of rainfed castor

Effect of weed management practices on growth and yield of rainfed castor

Effect of weed management practices on growth yield and economics of Mesta (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.)

Effect of weed management practices on growth yield and economics of Mesta (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.)

Effect of weed management practices on weed dynamics and soybean productivity under mid hill zone of Himachal Pradesh

Effect of weed management practices on weed dynamics and soybean productivity under mid hill zone of Himachal Pradesh

Effect of organic and inorganic weed management practices on the productivity of irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L)

Effect of organic and inorganic weed management practices on the productivity of irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L)

Effect of Weed Management Practices on Weed Control Efficiency and Productivity of Rapeseed-mustard: A Review

Effect of Weed Management Practices on Weed Control Efficiency and Productivity of Rapeseed-mustard: A Review

Influence of sowing dates and weed management practices on weed dynamics, productivity and profitability of direct seeded rice

This study evaluated the impact of differential sowing windows and improved weed management strategies on weed dynamics, productivity, and economic viability of direct drum seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the temperate agro-ecosystem of Kashmir. A two-year field experiment was conducted utilizing a split-plot design with two sowing dates (May 10 and June 3) as main plots and six weed management practices as sub-plots. The earlier sowing date (May 10) resulted in significantly enhanced leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, and grain and straw yields compared to the later sowing (June 3). Among weed management treatments, four mechanized conoweedings (equivalent to weed-free conditions) and sequential application of bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor (60 and 600 g a.i. ha−1) as pre-emergence followed by 2,4-D (0.75 kg a.i. ha−1) as post-emergence demonstrated superior efficacy in weed suppression and augmentation of crop growth parameters and yield attributes. These treatments also exhibited the lowest weed index and highest benefit–cost ratio. The May 10 sowing, coupled with efficacious weed control measures, significantly reduced weed density and biomass while concomitantly improving nutrient uptake and economic returns. The results indicate that adopting a May 10 sowing date for direct seeded rice, in conjunction with either four conoweedings or the aforementioned sequential herbicide application, can optimize agronomic productivity and economic profitability under the temperate conditions of Kashmir. The study aided in choosing the best sowing window and efficient weed management strategy for attaining higher productivity and profitability of direct seeded rice in temperate conditions.

Phytotoxicity, yield and economics of castor as influenced by different weed management practices

Phytotoxicity, yield and economics of castor as influenced by different weed management practices