Weed Fishes Research Articles

Assessment of piscicidal effect of five toxicants for the eradication of weed fish Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Unwanted or weed fish in aquaculture pond may affect the growth and development of cultured fish species. The current investigation aimed to assess the piscicidal effect of five commercial toxicants on weed fish, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for a short period. The fish was exposed to four concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ppm) of dimethoate, pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, malathion, and Chillas along with control (without any toxicants) during a 48-hour static bioassay. Fish mortality and physicochemical parameters i.e., pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) of water were checked after every 8 hours. The pH of water varied from 3.46to 6.5 and DO range 2.70-5.66 during all experiments. After 48 hours of exposure, the maximum fish mortality was achieved by dimethoate (4.15, 8.30%), cypermethrin (4.16, 8.32%), malathion (4.0, 8.00%), and Chillas (4.0, 8.00%) at the highest applied concentration (2.0 ppm). While pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin showed the highest mortality at 1.5 ppm (4.16) with 8.32% as well as on 2.0 ppm (4.16, 8.32%). In conclusion, pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin was observed as the best toxicant as piscicide causing overall higher mortality on all applied concentrations. However, the long-term experiment is further needed to clarify the mortality trend and optimization of toxicants in a long-term experiment.

First report on the occurrence of Sargassum Weed Fish Histrio histrio (Lophiliformes: Antennariidae) in Nigeria deep water, Gulf of Guinea

We report the first occurrence of Sargassum Weed Fish Histrio histrio at Bonga Field in Nigeria Outer Continental Shelf approximately 120 km south-east of Delta State in February 2014. At high tides and under difficulty, we sampled some seaweeds in the epi-pelagic realm using a secured standard plankton net to the environmental research vessel that was cruising at a dead speed (≤4 knots). Upon examination of the weeds we collected, one adult Sargassum Weed Fish along with two gelatinous fingerlings were realised. This finding suggests the probable occurrence of more population of Sargassum Weed Fish in their macro-habitat (the Sargassum seaweeds) which are abundantly bound in the Gulf of Guinea deep waters. The specimen was photographed on-board and preserved immediately in 10 % formalin solution for a 24-h period and was thereafter reprocessed, and permanently preserved with 70 % ethanol. We recommend a major study of the marine seaweeds and their colonisers amongst Gulf of Guinea member states.

A study on the knowledge and perception level of rural youth towards adoption of aquaculture as an income generating source in coastal Odisha

Pisciculture contributes around 1% to India’s gross domestic product and over 5% to the agricultural GDP. The study was conducted in Balikuda, Biridi, Erasama, Jagatsinghpur, Kujanga, Naugaon, Raghunathpur and Tirtol blocks of Jagatsinghpur district. Both purposive and multistage random sampling methods were adopted for selection of the district, gram panchayat, village and respondents. A total of 180 numbers of respondents were selected for the purpose of the investigation. Based on the descriptive statistics, most of the respondents had medium knowledge about the general pond requirement and manuring and fertilization of the culture pond and harvesting. On the other hand, the youth entrepreneurs in pisciculture had low level of knowledge on predatory and weed fish eradication, stocking of the pisciculture. The youth entrepreneurs in pisciculture had high level of knowledge on harvesting of the pisciculture. Under marketing and storage perception factors 40.55 per cent of the respondents were strongly agreed with preservation of undisposed fishes is difficult. The main aim of pisciculture development program was for making substantial contributions to doubling of food production, improving the welfare of youth entrepreneurs, promoting exports and providing food and livelihood security to its rural youth entrepreneurs.

On the “otter-fish producers conflict” in South-Eastern Bulgaria

Predatory mammals compete with humans for game, livestock and fish. The otter (Lutra lutra L.) inhabits the whole river system in Bulgaria, including fish ponds, coming into conflict with fish producers causing damage due to its feeding habits. To clarify the manifestations of the conflict, an anonymous questionnaire among fish farmers and workers was provided. According to the survey, the market-sized fish was affected the most (93.75% of the respondents) by otter’s attacks, to a lesser extent the juveniles - 63.75% and the broodstocks - 62.5%, respectively. In the current study, 43.75% of respondents claimed that weed fish also suffers damage. A total of 77.5% of the respondents have tried to overcome the problem. In the present study, there was no report for using a non-lethal method. It can be concluded that the "Otter-fish producers conflict" in Bulgaria will be mitigated if compensations are provided for the economic losses.

AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF THE FISHING SECTOR IN NORTH SINAI

North Sinai is considered one of the most important marine fisheries governorates due to the multiple fish sources, both the Mediterranean coast, which covers an area of ​​about 3.2 million fad. and Bardwell Lagoon, which covers an area of ​​about 160 thousand fad. North Sinai Governorate has witnessed a decrease in the quantity of caught fish from about 5121 tons in 2013, to about 4416 tons in 2017, which resulted in high prices of fish, especially the mullet family from about L.E. 20/kg in 2013, to about L.E. 45/kg in 2017. The research aims to identify the current status of fishing activity within the different fishing gears in North Sinai, whether by studying the relative importance of the quantities of caught fish, according to the class, or review all the economic variables of the various fishing gears related to the nature of the activity. The research was based on the method of descriptive and quantitative analysis of the variables under measurement. The study relied on the secondary data published by the General Authority for Fish Resources Development and the CAPM. The preliminary data were obtained through a random stratified sample of 123 boats, 41 of which were inside El-Arish seaport and the rest were from Bardwell Lagoon boats. The results indicated that the average quantity of caught fish in El-Arish seaport during the period (2000-2017). It reached about 2083 tons, of which sardines contribute about 72.3%, and the quantity of caught fish by a statistically significant amount of about 104.5 tons, an annual decrease of about 5%. of the fish, the results indicated that the overall average amount of caught fish was about 3859 tones, of which the fish of the mullet family contributed about 25.7% during the same period. The results showed that the mullet, sea bass and grouper/sea weed fish were increasing annually by a statistically significant amount of about 24.7, 3.1 and 1 ton, with an annual growth rate of 2.5%, 6.1% and 5.8% respectively. The results indicated that the volume of investments in fishing activity amounted to about L.E. 175.4 million (equivalent to about L.E. 131 thousand/boat), Bardwell Lagoon contributed to by about 78.2% and the amount of caught fish about 24.1, 4 tons (equivalent to about 3080 kg/boat), Bardwell Lagoon contributed by about 73.8%. The value of caught fish for fishing boats amounted to about L.E. 134.1 million (equivalent to about L.E. 100.1 thousand/boat), Bardweel Lagoon contributed by about 83.2% and the total fishing costs reached about L.E. 105.4 million (equivalent to about L.E. 78.7 thousand/boat), Bardwell Lagoon contributed by about 74%. Total net revenues were about L.E. 44 million (L.E. 32.9 thousand/boat). The total added value of Fishing activity in North Sinai is about L.E. 86.4 million (about L.E. 64.5 thousand/boat), Bardwell Lagoon contributed by about 72.8%. Finally, the investment efficiency of the Debba boats, the Bawasa boats inside Bardwell Lagoon, the small boats, and the large boats inside the seaport of El-Arish reached about 0.246, 0.242, 0.299 and 0.17. The fishing efficiency was about 97.1%, 92.6%, 94.3% and 89.3%. In general, the Bardwell boats outperformed their counterparts in El-Arish seaport, and the small boats outperformed their large counterparts in El-Arish seaport. The research recommends increasing the number of small boats inside the seaport, in return for not allowing large boats to operate inside the sea port in El-Arish.

Efficacy of different piscicides in wanton killing of weed fishes

Removal of weed fish is a part of intensive aquaculture practices. In present study, trials were conducted to compare the efficacy of different piscicides used in the farmers' fields for eradication of weed fishes. Three treatments were undertaken to find out the best suited piscicide with respect to effectiveness, environmental hazards and cost involved for removing unwanted predatory and weed fishes during pre- stocking pond management. These treatments included: celphos tablet (Aluminium phosphide) @ 15 kg/ha/ m water, Technology option-I (T-I): commercial grade bleaching powder [Ca(OCl)Cl] (30% chlorine) @ 350 kg ha-1m-1 and Technology option-II (T-II): a combination of urea [CO(NH2 )2] @100 kg ha-1m-1 followed by commercial bleaching powder @175 kg ha-1m-1 after 18-24 hours. Trail was undertaken by the Dakshin Dinajpur KVK in the farmers' field in Dakshin Dinajpur district of West Bengal. The water pH, fish mortality rate (%), time taken for initiation of distress to the fishes, time for total fish kill, residual toxicity effect and cost for fish toxicants were recorded. It was observed that the initial pH of pond water was 5.5, 5.8 and 6.2 in FP, T-I and T-II respectively and at the end of the toxicity period, pH was 6.0, 7.8 and 7.5 in FP, T-I and T-II respectively. The fish mortality rates were 97%, 95% and 98% in FP, T-I and T-II respectively. The fish distress started after 30 minutes in FP, after 60 minutes in T-I and within 10 minutes in T-II. It was also found that the total fish killing occurred after 90 min, 240 min and 30 min. in FP, T-I and T-II, respectively. T-II exhibited the best result in all the aspects except the cost effectiveness. However, T-II was found advantageous due the ease of operation and quick but the advantages of the present method over the fish toxicants hither to use in India are ease of operation and quick restoration of normal pond conditions.Key words Piscicides; chlorine; urea; residual effect

Fresh Water Fish Fauna of Govind Sagar Reservoir Bundelkhand Region, District Lalitpur UP, India

The present study was aimed to investigate fish fauna of Gobind Sagar Reservoir Bundelkhand region district Lalitpur. Ichthyological study was conducted for twelve months (Feb. 2018-Mar. 2019). It was found to contain a total 29 species of fish fauna besides planktons, benthos and avian fauna. Various major carps, minor carps, cat fishes and weed fishes were identified. Endangered species like Notopterus chitala, Notopterus notopterus, Ompok bimaculatus and Eutropiichthys vacha were also observed.

Особенности количественного распределения рыб дельты Дона в тёплый сезон 2015 г.

Изучены видовое разнообразие и особенности качественного и количественного распределения рыб в некоторых протоках дельты реки Дон, которая является верхней границей крупного эстуарного экотона между экосистемами бассейна этой реки и Азовского моря. Впервые определены удельная численность и удельная биомасса мелких донных и придонных видов рыб в протоках дельты, различающихся условиями обитания. Установлено, что непромысловые мелкие виды рыб доминируют по численности, а в отдельных случаях — и по биомассе, что определяет их важную роль в трофической структуре экотона дельты. Для сообществ рыб отмечены низкие значения индекса разнообразия Шеннона, что подтверждает хорошо выраженное доминирование эврибионтных короткоцикловых непромысловых рыб. Дальнейшее повышение солёности Азовского моря может привести к увеличению количественных показателей солоноватоводных понто-каспийских эндемиков в дельте Дона.

Effect of Fish Size and Treatment Conditions on the Piscicidal Activity of Nerium indicumLatex Powder

Comparative toxicity of Nerium indicum latex powder (NILP) was studied against two common predatory and weed fishes of different body size in laboratory condition and cemented and muddy pond. LC50 of NILP for predatory fish Channa punctatus was 2.13 mg/L, 7.80 mg/L and 19.26 mg/L to small size, middle size and large size fish respectively in laboratory condition after 24 h exposure periods. Similar trends were also observed in case of cemented and muddy ponds but doses were 1-4 times higher than laboratory conditions. Similar trend of result was also observed against weed fish Mystus mystus. No further mortality was observed beyond 24 h in all set of experiments suggested fast degradation of the toxicant in water. Key-wordsToxicity, Fish, Botanicals, Nerium indicum, Piscicidal Activity -------------------------------------------------IJLSSR----------------------------------------------INTRODUCTION One of the most important factors that adversely affect the aquaculture production is the presence of pests, predators and competitors of cultivated organisms. The predatory and weed fishes share and better utilized the cultured carp habitats as well as food also [1-2]. So, the removal of these unwanted fish population is necessary before the seed of cultured carps was added. Application of piscicides is the best method for eradication of unwanted fish population [3]. There are many kinds of piscicides of different effectiveness are used [4-5]. The chemically derived piscicides (toxaphene) are long lasting and its toxicity remains persist up to years and detoxify slowly, as its concentration reaches to level suitable for re-stocking [6]. On the other hand, the plant derived piscicides has gained unprecedented impetus because they detoxify rapidly i.e., easily biodegradable with less hazard of environmental contamination and have high piscicidal properties and safe for operator [7-9]. Access this article online Quick Response Code: Website:

ICHTHYOPHTHIRIOSIS – CAUSE OF SIGNIFICANT LOSSES OF CARP FINGERLINGS

Ichthyophthiriosis is widespread parasitic disease of fi shes caused by a ciliated protozoan, Ichthyophthirius multifi lis. Th is parasite is capable of affecting most of species of freshwater fi shes, including all cyprinids. The parasites usually can be found on skin and gill in the form of white prominent spots 0.1-1 mm in diameter, which looks as if the fi sh was sprinkled with grits. Within these tissues, infections cause localized lymphocyte infi ltration, focal necrosis and varying degrees of epithelial proliferation. Investigations were carrieed out during a last 10 years, while monitoring the health condition of carp fi sh. Diagnosis of ichthyophthiriosis was performed by clinical and microscopic examination. Disease was present in carps throughout their life, but the most susceptible were young categories. The parasites were present on the skin and gills earlier in 10-day-old fi ngerlings. The outbreaks are most common in spring, aft er overwintering when water temperatures increase and also does the parasite replication rate. High stock density, water quality and poor condition contribute to illness. Since the disease causes signifi cant losses of carp fingerlings it is necessary to perform its adequate controls and therapy. In order to prevent the disease it is need to to rear young fi sh separately from other fish categories, prevent weed fi shes from entering the ponds and employ hygienic and prophylactic measures. All technological measures which can improve the condition of fi sh are most eff ective against ichthyophthiriosis. It is important to add lime into the pond from time to time. Eff ective chemical treatments for I.multifi liis include copper sulfate, potassium permanganate, malachite green, salt and formalin. Malachite green is a teratogen, and prohibited for use, while copper sulfate, potassium permanganate and formalin are also under currently reviewing for the use as parasiticides in food fi sh. So that, non-iodized salt is the only permitted and safe therapeutic for the moment.

Fresh Water Fish Species D iversity in Matatila Reservoir Bundelkhand Region, District Jhansi UP, India

The present study was aimed to investigate fish species diversity of Matatila Reservoir Bundelkhand region district Jhansi. Ichthyological study was conducted for twelve months (Feb.2013-Mar.2014). It was found to contain a total 27 species of fish fauna besides planktons, benthos and avian fauna. Various major carps, minor carps, cat fishes and weed fishes were identified. Endangered species like Notopterus chitala, Notopterus notopterus, Ompok bimaculatus and Eutropiichthys vacha were also observed.

Comparative Biodiversity of Two Medium Reservoirs of North India

Studies were conducted in two medium reservoirs viz. Dhaura and Baigul of Uttarakhand from June 2006 to May 2007 to assess the present species composition of phytoplankton, zooplankton, macro- benthos (molluscs) and fishes. The study revealed a moderate to fair plankton, molluscs and fish diversity in both reservoirs. During study period, 30 species of phytoplankton, 15 species of zooplankton, 9 species of molluscs and 33 species of fishes were recorded from the experimental water bodies. The average plankton population in terms of phytoplankton and zooplankton was found in the range of 28,201–218,229 and 952–11,581 U/l from Dhaura and Baigul reservoirs, respectively. Microcystisaeruginosa belonging to group Cyanophyceae was most dominant species among phytoplankton. The macro benthic invertebrate diversity in the form of molluscs was comprised of 9 species from these reservoirs. The fish diversity was represented by 33 species comprising 8 species of carps, 14 species of cat fishes/other carnivorous fishes and 11 species of weed fishes. Study of various biological parameters reveal that these reservoirs are moderately productive and if managed properly, the production at all trophic levels can be enhanced. The details of the observations of the above work are described in the paper.

Use of Aqua-chemicals in the Hatcheries and Fish Farms of Greater Noakhali, Bangladesh

This study was carried out in greater Noakhali region (Lakshmipur, Noakhali and Feni) to evaluate the type of aqua-chemicals used in aquaculture activities where data were collected through questionnaire interview, Focus Group Discussion (FCD), personal contact with fish farmers, hatchery and nursery owner, farm workers. A variety of aqua drugs and chemicals including antibiotics have been using in the region by farmers for fish health management and increasing production. Aqua-chemicals were commonly used for pond preparation, disease control and treatment of the carps, tilapia, prawns and weed fishes. Carps show very positive results when they were treated against the diseases, Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS), Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS), Saprolegniasis, Argulosis, Fin rot, Dropsy, Ichthyophthiriasis with oxytetracycline, potassium permanganate, sumithione, malachite green, dipterex, pillar sulfan, secofon, timsen, geolite and lime. The study also identified the problems associated with the use of chemicals which included lack of knowledge regarding the use of chemicals, appropriate dose, method of application and indiscriminate use of chemicals.

Use of Rotenone as Piscicide: Toxicity Levels in a Few Common Freshwater Predatory and Weed Fishes

Toxicity of rotenone was studied in a few common freshwater predatory and weed fishes through wet laboratory experiments for its use as a piscicide during pond preparation. Cube root powder (CRP) (ENT-133 Rotenone) containing 9% rotenone was used as the toxicant source. Lethal concentration of CRP for these common predatory and weed fishes varied between 0.75–2.70 mg L−1 (0.068–0.243 mg L−1 of rotenone). Acute toxicity study revealed Puntius sophore to have more susceptibility to rotenone toxicity with 24 h LC50 value of CRP at 0.50 mg L−1 (0.045 mg L−1 rotenone) compared to 1.17 mg L−1 (0.105 mg L−1 rotenone) in Anabas testudineus and 1.90 mg L−1 in Channa punctatus (0.171 mg L−1 rotenone); while Heteropneustes fossilis showed higher tolerance with 24 h LC50 value at 2.42 mg L−1 (0.218 mg L−1 rotenone). Such result suggested rotenone toxicity to depend on the respiratory behavior of fish. The marginal reduction in 48 h LC50 of CRP compared to its 24 h value and no fish mortality beyond 48-h in all tested species suggested faster degradation of the toxicant in water. Since application of the piscicide aims at eradication of all commonly available species of predatory and weed fishes in the culture pond, the study suggested a dose of 2.5 mg L−1 of CRP (0.225 mg L−1 rotenone) for pond application.

Biochemical alteration in freshwater fish Channa punctatus due to latices of Euphorbia royleana and Jatropha gossypifolia

Exposure of fish over 96 h to 40 and 80% of LC 50 (24 h) of aqueous latex extracts of Euphorbia royleana and Jatropha gossypifolia of family Euphorbiaceae significantly altered the level of total protein, total free amino acids, nucleic acids, pyruvate, lactate, glycogen and as well as protease activity also in muscle, liver and gonadal tissue of the fish Channa punctatus. The alterations in all the biochemical parameters were significantly dose-dependent. Withdrawal study also shows that there is a partial recovery in the levels of glycogen, pyruvate, lactate and nucleic acids, but nearly complete recovery in total protein, total free amino acids level and protease activity in all the three tissues of the fish after the 7th day of the withdrawal of treatment, which supports the view that the plant product is safer in use as pesticides for control of common weed fishes in culture ponds.

The possibilities of improving catchable fish stocks in lakes undergoing eutrophication

The area of Mazurian Lakeland is the biggest lake concentration in Middle Europe. Its lakes are subjected to various man‐made impacts and disturbances, resulting in many changes in the aquatic environment and the fish stocks. Most frequently these changes are typical of the process of accelerated eutrophication, and are connected with undesirable succession in the fish stocks. Generally, predatory species, which naturally regulate the stock and maintaiil its balance, disappear from the environment, as do other valuable fish species, e.g. coregonids. At the same time food resources (weed fishes, plankton) for those species develop abundantly.Assessment of the management of lakes by one of the State Lake Fish Farms located in Mazurian Lakeland is presented against a background of various man‐made influences on the aquatic ecosystems in this region. The State Fish Farm under study manages 56 lakes of total area over 5800 ha. For each of these lakes detailed records were available of the commercial catches of particular species and their artificial stockings over a period of 31 years. These, their trends and inter‐relationships have been analyzed. Artificial stockings represented one of the best methods of counteracting adverse changes taking place in the fish stocks, with a simultaneous utilization of the productive potential of the lakes. Against this background, forecasts are made of the expected changes, and basic approaches to the proper management of the fish stocks are suggested.

Sargasso Weed Fish "Nests" Made by Flying Fishes Not by Sargasso Fishes (Antennariids): A Historical Survey

Previous articleNext article No AccessSargasso Weed Fish "Nests" Made by Flying Fishes Not by Sargasso Fishes (Antennariids): A Historical SurveyE. W. GudgerE. W. Gudger Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The American Naturalist Volume 71, Number 735Jul. - Aug., 1937 Published for The American Society of Naturalists Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/280724 Views: 3Total views on this site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Philip W. Stevens, Clifford K. Bennett, James J. Berg Flyingfish Spawning (Parexocoetus brachypterus) in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico, Environmental Biology of Fishes 67, no.11 (May 2003): 71–76.https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024496801232

Spectrum of Fish-pigment

I HAVE lately observed the spectrum of a pigment-colour found under the scales in fins and tail, mouth and eyes, of a small smelt-like fish found in St. Vincent's Gulf, S.A. They are commonly known as the Weed fish, but Mr. Waterhouse, our Curator, informs me they are the Odax radiatus, O. frenatus, O. Richardsonii. These fish are perfect little gems for colour, being of a bright blue green (nearly blue) in O. Richardsonii, and about the eye most splendid; black centre, brilliant orange ring, outside of which is a most brilliant turquoise blue ring set in deep brown.

Zoology

Previous articleNext article FreeNatural History MiscellanyZoologyPDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The American Naturalist Volume 5, Number 12Dec., 1871 Published for The American Society of Naturalists Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/270872 Views: 13Total views on this site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article: E. W. Gudger Sargasso Weed Fish "Nests" Made by Flying Fishes Not by Sargasso Fishes (Antennariids): A Historical Survey, The American Naturalist 71, no.735735 (Sep 2015): 363–381.https://doi.org/10.1086/280724