Wedge Grafting Research Articles

Studies on effect of wedge grafting in different varieties of avocado under North coastal region of Andhra Pradesh

Studies on effect of wedge grafting in different varieties of avocado under North coastal region of Andhra Pradesh

Response of Adenium (Adenium obesum) Types to Wedge Grafting

The present investigation entitled “Response of Adenium (Adenium obesum) types to wedge grafting.” was conducted at College of Horticulture,Dr.B.S.K.K.V., Dapoli,Dist.Ratnagiri (Maharashtra) during October-November of academic year 2023-2024. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) in ten treatment and three replications. The result revealed that early sprouting (11.47 days), number of sprout per plant (1.93), sprouting percentage (91.67 %) and survival percentage (86.67 %) maximum in type T3 (ADBSKKVCOH -3 Pink). Thus it can be observed that type T3 (ADBSKKVCOH -3 Pink) give significant result to sprouting as well as survival parameters by wedge grafting.

Optimization of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) grafting technique to enhance its adoption in cassava cultivation

Grafting techniques have been successfully adopted to improve resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, increase yields, fruit quality and study systemic signaling in plants. This technique has not been fully explored in cassava and there is currently no standardized grafting method for this species published especially in Africa. This is the first report on cassava grafting protocol in Africa with valuable advantages including utilizing a cost-effective and environmentally friendly wooden healing chamber. In this study, we describe an optimized cleft grafting protocol for cassava utilizing a wooden healing chamber and outline the step-by-step procedure with optimum conditions to generate a high grafting success rate. Using a top wedge grafting technique with high reproducibility and success rates, we developed a straightforward and robust grafting protocol for cassava (M. esculenta) cultivars. Grafting success was recorded and this protocol produced a high grafting success of 90 % and its reproducibility makes it suitable for mass production thereby addressing the need for efficient cassava propagation. This grafting protocol requires less specialized equipment and expertise making it more accessible to farmers and researchers with limited resources to promote the use of grafting for cassava growth, yield improvement and advanced studies such as systemic long-distance signaling in plants.•Optimization of cleft grafting method obtains a high success grafting rate of cassava.•A wooden healing chamber provides a controlled environment for graft healing.•Promoting cassava grafting; a priority to produce new cultivars and explore breeding research prospects.

Performance of Guava Stem Cutting – A Review of Successful Though Non-commercial Propagation Method

Propagation of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) can be successfully performed by stem cutting as demonstrated by many researchers time to time. Though, guava is found hard to root, use of root inducing hormone (IBA, IAA, NAA etc.), rejuvenating techniques (fungicide, wounding, Girdling etc.), growth supporting media (silt, Sand, cocopeat, vermicompost, vermiculite etc.) and suitable protected environment (mist house, polyhouse, net house etc.) ease the rooting of cutting. Despite of the fact that propagation through cutting is easiest and most convenient method of vegetative propagation to regenerate numerous planting materials in short duration, wedge grafting is still recommended as commercial method of propagation in Guava. This scenario raises the question on potentiality of stem cutting as viable propagation method. This might be due to complex mechanism behind guava stem cutting propagation which results in inconsistent and highly variable results. Moreover, propagation involves multiple factors which have combined influence on the performance of stem cutting viz., preparation of cutting, preconditioning treatment, season of taking cutting, type of cutting, chemical treatment, growing environment, growing media and container. Therefore, to establish guava stem cutting as viable and commercial propagation technique, in depth study of these factors is vital. This paper briefly discusses the research so far has done with relevance to various factors influencing performance of guava stem cutting while indicating possible future research directions for more encouraging and consistent results.

Interactive Effects of Grafting Time and Technique on the Sprouting Time and Growth of Guava Grafts (Psidium guajava L.)

The present study was conducted during June to September, 2021 at the experimental orchard of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Haryana, India to investigate the impact of propagation methods, time, and varieties on the success rate of guava (Psidium guajava L.) propagation. The treatments were arranged in a three factorial layout using a Randomized Complete Design with three replications. In the months of June, July, August, and September, two different cultivars (L-49 and Hisar Safeda) and four different propagation techniques (Patch budding, T-budding, Wedge grafting, and Inarching) were applied six times each. The results revealed that wedge grafting exhibited the shortest time to sprout (14 days), whereas inarching displayed the longest duration for sprouting (54.33 days). The 2nd fortnight of July and the 1st fortnight of September demonstrated the most favorable time for bud sprouting. Moreover, Hisar Safeda exhibited superior performance compared to L-49 in terms of earlier sprouting and better growth. Therefore, propagation of guava using wedge grafting techniques during the months of July and September can be recommended for the study area and areas with similar agro-ecologies so as to achieve successful grafting within the shortest feasible timeframe. These findings offer crucial insights for agricultural practitioners seeking enhanced propagation techniques and optimal timings, thereby fostering improved guava cultivation practices and augmenting yields in similar agricultural settings.

Lateral Opening-Wedge Distal Femoral Osteotomy Made Easy: Tips and Tricks

A lateral opening-wedge distal femoral osteotomy is useful to offload the lateral tibiofemoral compartment for focal chondral defects or isolated lateral compartment arthritis. Although beneficial for these lateral compartment disorders, a distal femoral osteotomy requires careful forethought to optimize correction accuracy and safety. We recommend the following for effective execution of a distal femoral osteotomy: (1) Plan the desired correction preoperatively while accounting for an individual patient’s anatomy and femoral width. (2) Perform an iliotibial band Z-lengthening for large deformity corrections to not overconstrain the lateral structures. (3) Use the plate to help guide the level of the osteotomy, which will facilitate bony contact after the osteotomy and decrease plate prominence. (4) Perform the osteotomy with a saw anteriorly and an osteotome posteriorly for safety and stop the osteotomy approximately 1 cm short of the far cortex. (5) Fashion tricortical wedge grafts at the height of the planned correction to maintain reduction and facilitate plate placement. (6) Control the plate position to lie optimally at the level of the osteotomy, ensuring it is not proud and is parallel with the femoral shaft. With these presurgical and intraoperative steps, a lateral opening-wedge distal femoral osteotomy can be performed effectively.

Effect of Scion Dip Treatments and Growing Condition on Physiological Parameter of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Wedge Graft cv. Dashehari

The current study was carried out on wedge grafting in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dashehari during the2022-23 at the Fruit Research Station, Imaliya, Department of Horticulture, JNKVV Jabalpur. This research includes the use of many different plant growth regulators, ZnSo4, and growing conditions. The research was carried out using a statistical design known as Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD).The primary objective of this study is to determine the influence that different scion dip treatments and growing conditions have on the physiological characteristics of the plant. According to the findings, among the various treatments, IAA 200 ppm + ZnSo4 500 ppm under shade net condition was proved superior with respect to maximum chlorophyll content index (27,18.5), leaf area duration (2720.67 cm2/day, 2,620.67 cm2/day), leaf area index (8.65,1035) and light transmission ratio (24.05,18.15) at 60 and 120 days after grafting (DAG). It was also noticed that scion dip treatments with IAA 200 ppm in combination with ZnSo4 500 ppm under the shade net condition were favorable as compared to the open condition.

Wrist Arthrodesis Using a Trapezoidal Wedge Graft from the Distal Radius and a Low-Profile Reconstruction Plate

BackgroundVarious intramedullary or dorsally based fusions have been utilised to perform wrist arthrodesis. Although the dorsal plate is rigid and well constructed, the standard of care was replenishing the arthrodesis site with an iliac crest bone graft. Due to the high morbidity of the donor site, alternatives such as distal radius bone grafts have gained popularity. In this study, wrist arthrodesis was performed with a locally accessible trapezoidal wedge graft from the distal radius and a low-profile reconstruction plate to evaluate the radiological and functional outcome.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 22 wrists, 14 brachial plexus injuries, 4 post-traumatic injuries, and 4 rheumatoid arthritis patients, with a mean follow-up of 31 months. Union was evaluated on radiography. The functional outcomes were evaluated using a visual analog scale incorporated into a questionnaire.ResultsAll 22 fusions united successfully, with a mean duration of 12 weeks and a wrist position of an average 17.5 degrees of extension and 6 degrees of ulnar deviation. The aesthetics of the wrist showed the most significant change, and overall satisfaction levels increased.ConclusionsA locally accessible cortico-cancellous graft from the dorsum of the radius is a reliable alternative to an iliac crest or carpal bone graft with high potential for the union. It also serves as a stable strut in our construct, allowing us to use a low-profile reconstruction plate. The Reconstruction (3.5 System) plate can be used safely with excellent results and a low implant prominence or breakage risk.

Morfologi dan Anatomi Bibit Alpukat Sambungan pada Stadia tumbuh Entres dan Metode Sambung Pucuk

Avocado is a fruit crop that is commercial and potential to be widely cultivated. Market demand for avocado was increased so production of avocado seed must increase too by grafting. The problem of grafting is often found in the connection between scion and rootstock that showed like elephant foot phenomenon, so it was necessary to study the linkage process between scion and rootstock. This research leads up to an increased percentage of finished graft seedlings that were ready for planting in the field. This method used a factorial experiment consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was the stages of entres (flushing, endodormancy, and ecodormancy), and the second factor was the grafting method (cleft graft, wedge graft, and splice graft). The research design used Complete Randomized Design with 4 replications and ANOVA with BNJ 5% test. The results showed all observations parameters interacted. Stage ecodormancy in splice graft resulted of vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) between scion and rootstock recovered better than other combination treatments by producing the best-grafted avocado seedlings growth with an increased percentage of grafted seedling by 42.50%, an interval of flushing by 4.91 days, and increased frequency of flushing by 1.83 times compared to stage flushing in cleft graft.

Optimizing the Time of Grafting in Jackfruit in the Subtropical Environment of Assam

An experiment was carried out at the instructional cum research farm, Department of Horticulture, BNCA, AAU, Biswanath Chariali during 2019-2020. The objective of the experiment was to check the best time of wedge grafting in Jackfruit in the subtropical conditions of Assam. A total of seven treatments were taken, viz. Grafting in March (T1), April (T2), May (T3), June (T4), July (T5), August (T6), and September (T7). Six to seven months old, vigorously growing uniform seedlings of Jackfruit grown from the seeds were selected as rootstocks. Mother plants of desirable traits were selected for the experiment. Scions of about 10-15 cm in length with a thickness of 5-7 mm and free pests and diseases were collected from one season (4-5 months) old terminal shoots. The selected scion shoots were defoliated (pre-cured) 7-10 days before grafting. Wedge grafting was adopted in the present study. Further, wedge grafting was performed with compatible rootstocks in the different months stated above and conclusions were made that the period from March to June could be considered as the suitable time for producing jackfruit grafts by wedge grafting method in Assam. March and April are the best months for grafting jackfruit, as weather conditions in terms of temperatures with daily maximum (21.1 -35.6°C) and minimum temperature (8.3 to 23.0°C), rainfall more than 100 mm, comparatively higher bright sun-shine hours are congenial from the success of grafting in terms of success percentage of stock and scion union, the time required for spouting, several buds developed and length of the scion on 90 days after grafting. While the temperature gradually rose from June onwards up to September and there was also quite a reduction in the amount of rainfall, due to which the moisture content present in the leaves of the scions dried up because of evapotranspiration and decreased in the percentage of graft success.

Comparative analysis of scaphoid nonunion treatment with screw fixation and angular stable plate.

Scaphoid fractures represent 5-10% of nonunion rate and the treatment options consist of an open reduction with correction of deformity, restoration of the scaphoid length with autologous wedge grafting and fixation. However, there is still no consensus in the literature on the best fixation method. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to compare plate fixation and screw fixation in treating scaphoid nonunion with humpback deformity and carpal instability. Prospective, non-randomised study comparing the treatment of two groups of patients with scaphoid nonunion. A total of 19 patients were included in the study, the first ten patients were included in group 1 (plate fixation), subsequently nine patients were included in group 2 (screw fixation). The nonunion duration was longer than 6months and patients did not present type III Scaphoid Nonunion Advanced Collapse (SNAC). Clinical evaluations included pain intensity, range of motion, grip strength, pinch test and functional scales Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Mayo Wrist Score. Radiographic evaluations consisted of radiographs of both wrists in AP, AP with ulnar deviation, lateral and oblique views. Patients further underwent a tomography of the affected wrist for bone deformity, carpal collapse and later consolidation evaluation. According to post-operative measurements, group 1 showed a significant improvement in the scapholunate angle (p = 0.011) and in the intrascaphoid angle (p = 0.002). Group 2 only showed an improvement in the scapholunate angle (p = 0.011). All patients in group 1 achieved consolidation in 8weeks, while group 2 patients had a slower consolidation, with a mean of 14weeks and standard deviation (SD) of 4.2, with statistical significance (p = 0.006). Our prospective study, despite the limitations, contributes to the literature for demonstrating a better fixation using plate, with a better correction of humpback deformity and Dorsal Intercalated Segment Instability (DISI) and a faster consolidation. II, therapeutics studies; prospective comparative study.

Evaluation of Different Grafting Methods in Promising Kiwifruit Varieties at Lumle, Kaski, Nepal

Kiwifruit is usually propagated by grafting and cutting. Suitable method of grafting in Kiwifruit should be identified to elaborate the commercial production. To evaluate the success rate of scion varieties with different grafting methods in Kiwifruit a study was conducted for two consecutive years 2018 and 2019 at Lumle, Kaski. Five different varieties of Kiwifruit as scion (Allison, Bruno, Hayward Oblong, Hayward Oval and Monty) and three different grafting methods (tongue, veneer and wedge) were used to identify successful method of grafting in Kiwifruit. Grafting was done on January 1st and 2nd in both years. In the first year, shoot length was recorded highest in Hayward Oblong with veneer grafting (96.10cm) whereas shoot diameter was obtained highest in Monty with wedge grafting (6.61mm). Similarly in the second year shoot length was recorded highest in Hayward Oblong with veneer grafting (97.10 cm) and shoot diameter was observed highest in Monty with wedge grafting (6.71mm). In both years, the highest (100%) graft success was recorded in Allison with wedge grafting.

Standardization of Wedge Grafting Technique in Guava (Psidium guajava L.) under Subtropical Conditions of Himachal Pradesh

The present investigation was carried out in the fruit nursery, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh w.e.f., June, 2019−July, 2020. In the present investigation two factors viz., time of wedge grafting (mid-June, mid-July, mid-August, mid-September, mid-February and mid-March) and use of polycap (Graft union covered with polycap or without polycap) were studied to standardize the ideal time for wedge grafting with or without the use of polycap under protected conditions. Wedge grafting is being used as a rapid and successful technique for year-round production of guava plants, even in harsh climatic conditions and coving the graft union with polycap has also been used for obtaining higher success due to the development of a congenial microclimate in the graft’s region. The results thus obtained showed that wedge grafting performed in guava during mid-February covered with polycap resulted in maximum graft-take (84.44%) and survival percent (80.31%). Whereas, wedge grafting executed during mid-July and covered with polycap resulted in maximum bud sprout (71.11%), minimum time for bud sprouting (10.67 days) and first leaf emergence (14.24 days). Wedge grafts performed in mid-July, covered with polycap also induced a notable increase in plant growth attributes in guava plants viz., production of number of leaves and sprout length at 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after grafting.

Effect of Pre-sowing Treatments on Vegetative Growth and Production of Graftable Rootstocks in Mango

The present investigations “Studies on the effect of pre-sowing treatment and time of wedge grafting on production of saleable grafts in mango” were carried out in the nursery block of Fruit Science Department. The study was conducted using wild mangoes seeds. The seeds were divided in two equal halves, one half of seeds were sown with intact seed coat (K1) while, in other half the mango kernels were extracted (K2), both type of seeds were then soaked in 6 different chemicals of varying concentrations viz. C1- KNO3 @ 0.5%, C2- KNO3 @ 1%, C3- KNO3 @ 1.5%, C4- BA @ 50 ppm, C5- BA @ 100 ppm, C6- GA3 @ 100 ppm, C7- GA3 @ 200 ppm, C8- beejaaumrit @ 2%, C9- beejaaumrit @ 3%, C10- panchgavya @ 2%, C11- panchgavya @ 3% for 12 hours and C12- Control. The germination and vegetative parameters were observed. The results of study revealed that the e×tracted kernels pre-soaked with GA3 @ 100 ppm produced earliest germination, 50 % germination, high rate of germination, germination percentage, number of leaves, maximum leaf area, highest seedling vigour index, while, on pre-soaking extracted kernel with KNO3 @ 0.5% produced maximum seedling diameter. The Seedling raised from extracted kernels pre-soaked in KNO3 @ 0.5% (C1K2) attained graftable diameter within 210 days of sowing. The present investigation was conducted during 2019-2020 at the nursery block of College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri Hamirpur (H.P) to study the effect of pre-sowing treatments on germination, growth and production of graft-able seedlings.

Cytological Studies on Graft Union Development with Perennial Chilli Rootstocks

Grafting technology in vegetable crops is becoming increasingly popular as an alternative tool to improve the biotic and abiotic resistance besides improvement in horticultural traits. By utilizing the right combination of resistant rootstock and scion, desired variability can be achieved to improve the yield and quality of vegetables. A study was conducted at the College orchard, Department of Vegetable science, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during the year 2020-2021 to evaluate the graft compatibility with two chilli rootstocks. The experimental material consisted of two perennial rootstocks viz., CC-CBE-001 and CF-CBE-007 and three scion materials viz., TNAU Chilli Hybrid CO 1, Ranga hybrid and Bangaram hybrid. Wedge grafting was done using 60 days old rootstock and 45 days old scion seedlings with nine treatments. The adhesion line wall thickness of pith cells were determined at different stages after grafting. The wound healing of the scion-rootstock union was studied using microscopic examination of the grafting region on the 5th, 10th, 15th and 20th day after grafting. It was observed that ten days after grafting, vascular bundle was formed and a large amount of callus was produced to bridge the scion and rootstock. Despite interspecific grafting, callus formation, subsequent cell differentiation and vascular connection were established, resulting in effective graft compatibility, according to the anatomical and histological analysis.

EFFICIENCY OF VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CAJÁ-DE-JABUTI UNDER CONCENTRATIONS OF INDOLEBUTYRIC ACID AND GRAFTING METHODS

ABSTRACT The objectives of the tests were to evaluate concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) combined with different types of cuttings and grafting methods on the vegetative propagation of cajazeira-dejabuti (S. testudinis). The experiment with stem cuttings was conducted in a greenhouse with an intermittent misting system. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 5 x 6 factorial arrangement consisting of five cutting types: apical, medial, basal, stratified, and tanchan, and six IBA concentrations: 0, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, and 5,000 mg kg-1, with four replications of ten cuttings. The experiment with the root cuttings followed a randomized block design composed of six IBA concentrations (0, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, and 5,000 mg kg-1) with four replications, evaluating after 120 days the percentages of live, sprouted, rooted, and calloused cuttings, and the number and dry mass of roots and sprouts. Five grafting methods (chip budding, shield budding, cleft grafting, wedge grafting, and splice grafting) were tested by evaluating the graft success and sprouting percentages at 30 and 60 days after grafting, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. The IBA concentrations of 0, 2,000, 3,000, and 5,000 mg kg-1 increased the number of sprouts in tanchan cuttings. The tanchan cuttings showed the highest survival and percentage of sprouts regardless of the IBA concentration. The IBA concentration of 2,200 mg kg-1 promotes higher rooting rates in root cuttings. Splice grafting provides higher graft success and sprouting rates.

Comparative evaluation of grafting and budding methods in jackfruit

Inarching is the most widely practised vegetative method of propagation for multiplication of jackfruit in tarai region, but the method is cumbersome, and produces less number of plants from a single mother plant. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted to find out other alternative method for commercial propagation of jackfruit. The study was conducted for twelve months with five methods of propagation viz., inarching, wedge grafting, veneer grafting, patch budding and ring budding. for the earliest bud sprouting (18.08 days) with highest survival (74.38%), number of leaves (14.21) and girth of new growth (5.93 mm) were recorded with wedge grafting performed in the month of March. The highest number of primary branches (3.47) and length of primary root (15.36 cm) and secondary roots (32.84 cm) were obtained in plants multiplied through inarching in July. Maximum length of new growth (14.49 cm) at 90 days after fraftong (DAG) was observed in wedge grafting performed in April. Based on the results, wedge grafting has been found most appropriate propagation method to perform from December to April (best in March) under tarai conditions of Uttarakhand. Therefore, wedge grafting can be practised as an effective alternative method for jackfruit propagation instead of traditional inarching as the highest proportion of saleable grafted plants (77.56%) were also obtained through wedge grafting at 150 DAG.

Grapevine propagation through wedge grafting under semi-arid condition: A review

Grapevine propagation through wedge grafting under semi-arid condition: A review

Compatibility and initial development of grapevines ‘BRS Magna’ grafted on different rootstocks

ABSTRACT: Rootstocks are widely used in viticulture due to their resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Additionally, rootstocks can affect vine growth and fruit quality. This study evaluated the compatibility and initial developmental of the ‘BRS Magna’ grafted on different rootstocks The wedge graft technique on woody cuttings was utilized. The percentage of survival ranged from 0% (‘VR043-43’) to 98.33% (‘101-14 MGT’), and the rootstock were grouped into three distinct groups. ‘IAC 313 Tropical’ and ‘SO4’ rootstocks were those ones with the highest vigor in relation to initial shoot growth. However, ‘IAC 572 Jales’, ‘Harmony’, ‘3309 Couderc’ and ‘Gravesac’ had the best balance between initial shoot growth and root development. The ‘BRS Magna’ when grafted on rootstocks ‘IAC 313 Tropical’, ‘SO4’ and ‘101-14 MGT’ showed the highest initial development rates, while when grafted on ‘R99’, ‘R110’ and ‘420A’, it showed the lowest initial development.

Arthroscopic realignment and osteosynthesis of unstable scaphoid nonunion with cancellous bone graft from the ipsilateral radius.

The treatment of delayed union and established nonunion of the scaphoid using a volar approach with impaction of bone graft, either a cancellous or cortico-cancellous wedge graft, for osteosynthesis and maintenance of reduction. With the advancement of instruments and techniques of wrist arthroscopy, wider indications for wrist problems can be solved by this minimally invasive technique. We report our results of arthroscopic reduction, cancellous bone grafting to the regional distal radius, and headless screw fixation for the treatment of scaphoid nonunion, even with humpback deformity. Between August 2014 and February 2018, 41 patients (42 wrists) with unstable scaphoid nonunion received arthroscopic surgery. The mean follow-up was 38.1months (range 24-70months). We evaluated the results with a function questionnaire and clinical outcomes based on the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, range of motion and grip strength, and radiologic measurements. The union rate was 92.6% (38/41 patients) and union time was 4.6months. Patients regained almost a full range of motion compared with the contralateral wrist. The post-op Quick DASH, Mayo wrist score, and VAS pain score all had significant improvement, with p < 0.05. The scapholunate angle showed significant correction from pre-op 68.0° to post-op 58.3°. The average VAS satisfaction score at final follow-up was 8.7. Arthroscopic realignment and osteosynthesis for the treatment of unstable scaphoid nonunion with ipsilateral radius bone graft, even with humpback deformity, can achieve a high union rate, good radiological correction, and good functional recovery.