Web Services Resource Research Articles

A Comparative Study on the Performance of iframe according to Web Service Resource Cashing

본 연구의 목적은 iframe을 사용하여 서비스를 제공하는 것에 대한 용이성과 확장성을 알리고, iframe을 사용하는 것을 고려할 수 있는 서비스를 제안하는 것이다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 iframe에 대하여 어떠한 방식으로 기업들이 사용하고 있는지 살펴보고 어떠한 경우 iframe을 사용하면 좋은지 그 효용성에 대하여 해결방안을 제시하였다. 이를 토대로 iframe의 성능 문제를 개선하기 위해 시도해볼 수 있는 다양한 케이스를 확인하기 위해 BenchMark를 생성해 iframe을 사용하지 않는 경우와 사용하는 경우, 그리고 다른 케이스들과 비교하여 어느 정도의 성능 향상이 반영되었는지 고찰하였다. 또한, iframe 기반의 웹서비스 개발을 고려해 볼 수 있는 경우를 고찰하였다. 본 연구는 Chromium 구글에서 진행하는 오픈 소스 웹 브라우저 프로젝트 기반인 Chrome 웹브라우저에서 제한적으로 진행되었으며, 타브라우저나 다른 디바이스에 대해서는 향후 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.The purpose of this study is to inform the ease and scalability of providing services using iframe, and to propose services that can be considered to use iframe Therefore, the cases of how companies use iframe were examined and a solution was suggested for the effectiveness of good cases using iframe. Based on this, in order to prove various cases that can be attempted to improve the performance problem of the if frame, it was considered how much performance improvement was reflected in the case where the if frame is not used, and when using it compared to other cases. In addition, it was considered in which cases it was necessary to develop an iframe-based web service. This study was limited in Chrome web browser, which is the basis of the open source web browser project conducted by Chromium Google. Further research is needed in the future on other browsers and other devices.

A Topic-Sensitive Method for Mashup Tag Recommendation Utilizing Multi-Relational Service Data

Tagging systems have been widely used as a major way of managing Web service resources. Many portals such as ProgrammableWeb and BioCatalogue allow users to create manual tags annotating Web services and their compositions (e.g., mashups). This is extremely helpful for managing and retrieving enormous Web service data. In the past few years, many tag recommendation approaches have been proposed for Web services that contain few or no tags. Most of them only exploit the textual content or tag service matrix information. Sometimes those approaches suffer from the data sparsity problem, especially when Web services have only few tags or their auxiliary textual contents are hard to be obtained. In real world, a plenty of relationships are available in recommendation systems, e.g., the composition relationship between services and the annotation relationship between mashups and tags. These multi-relational data can be utilized as additional features to improve the recommendation performance. In this paper, we exploit various types of relationships as features and propose a novel topic-sensitive approach based on the Factorization Machines for mashup tag recommendation. Factorization Machines is utilized to model the pair-wise interactions between all features and predict adequate tags for mashups. In this approach, we first obtain the latent topics of all tags as well as the description documents for mashups and APIs based on a novel probabilistic topic model. Then, a multi-relational network by mining various relationships from the Web service data is constructed. Various auxiliary informations are subsequently extracted from the network to train the Factorization Machines. The proposed model is evaluated on three real-world datasets and the experimental results show that it outperforms several state-of-the-art methods.

Use of On-Demand Cloud Services to Model the Optimization of an Austenitization Furnace

Abstract This article describes a smart manufacturing framework, comprising an on-demand, cloud-based deployment of a modeling application in a manufacturing operation. A specific use case, the optimization of the austenitization of steel parts, is presented. The framework uses a Kepler workflow as a cloud service to orchestrate and manage the data and computations required to implement a run-time model-based control and optimization approach on Amazon Web Services (AWS) resources. Austenitization is an energy intensive heat treating process commonly employed to harden and strengthen ferrous metals, such as steel. Pre-finished steel parts are heated to a specific temperature in a continuously operating industrial austenitization furnace without oxidizing the surface. The steel parts are then rapidly cooled or quenched in an oil bath. There is significant potential to optimize energy productivity by managing the energy usage needed to achieve the properties of the metal part instead of managing to operational process settings. Models of this process, which predict the furnace energy consumption and temperatures of parts as a function of time and position in the furnace and map temperatures to properties, have been previously developed; however, for operational use, the data and models need to be orchestrated for run-time operation, access to infrastructure, scalability, security, and support. A cloud-based approach is an alternative to the on-premise approach, in which an infrastructure for data, computational, and security needs to be built and maintained to support the application. A workflow service makes it possible to combine and sequence simulation and optimization software applications developed in several distinct MATLAB (The Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA) model configurations that are needed for various data-based calculations. The final output of the computation is the optimal operating condition of the furnace that minimizes the fuel consumption without violating the part target specifications. The workflow can be triggered on demand by an operator of the furnace or run at periodic intervals. All the computational resources required are instantiated and run at the start of the workflow and shutdown at the end of the workflow.

A new service-oriented grid-based method for AIoT application and implementation

The traditional three-layer Internet of things (IoT) model, which includes physical perception layer, information transferring layer and service application layer, cannot express complexity and diversity in agricultural engineering area completely. It is hard to categorize, organize and manage the agricultural things with these three layers. Based on the above requirements, we propose a new service-oriented grid-based method to set up and build the agricultural IoT. Considering the heterogeneous, limitation, transparency and leveling attributes of agricultural things, we propose an abstract model for all agricultural resources. This model is service-oriented and expressed with Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA). Information and data of agricultural things were described and encapsulated by using XML in this model. Every agricultural engineering application will provide service by enabling one application node in this service-oriented grid. Description of Web Service Resource Framework (WSRF)-based Agricultural Internet of Things (AIoT) and the encapsulation method were also discussed in this paper for resource management in this model.

Resource management and scheduling policy based on grid for AIoT

This paper has a research on resource management and scheduling policy based on grid technology for Agricultural Internet of Things (AIoT). Facing the situation of a variety of complex and heterogeneous agricultural resources in AIoT, it is difficult to represent them in a unified way. But from an abstract perspective, there are some common models which can express their characteristics and features. Based on this, we proposed a high-level model called Agricultural Resource Hierarchy Model (ARHM), which can be used for modeling various resources. It introduces the agricultural resource modeling method based on this model. Compared with traditional application-oriented three-layer model, ARHM can hide the differences of different applications and make all applications have a unified interface layer and be implemented without distinction. Furthermore, it proposes a Web Service Resource Framework (WSRF)-based resource management method and the encapsulation structure for it. Finally, it focuses on the discussion of multi-agent-based AG resource scheduler, which is a collaborative service provider pattern in multiple agricultural production domains.

Using unified modelling language to model the publish/subscribe paradigm in the context of timed Web services with distributed resources

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present a unified modelling language (UML) framework to model timed Web services with distributed resources. We provide a graphical model of timed Web services that integrates the publish/subscribe paradigm in the context of distributed resources, with the goal that users have a formal framework to design this kind of systems. A formalization is then provided by using UML sequence diagrams with Combined Fragments (CFs) to represent the interactions between the roles involved and Web Services Resource Framework as a standard for the management of distributed resources. The formalization is based on a two-level process algebra. At the top level we have the CF description, and at the bottom the interactions inside them. An operational semantics is then defined for this model, and two case studies are presented to illustrate the applicability of this formalism.

GeneNetwork: A Toolbox for Systems Genetics.

The goal of systems genetics is to understand the impact of genetic variation across all levels of biological organization, from mRNAs, proteins, and metabolites, to higher-order physiological and behavioral traits. This approach requires the accumulation and integration of many types of data, and also requires the use of many types of statistical tools to extract relevant patterns of covariation and causal relations as a function of genetics, environment, stage, and treatment. In this protocol we explain how to use the GeneNetwork web service, a powerful and free online resource for systems genetics. We provide workflows and methods to navigate massive multiscalar data sets and we explain how to use an extensive systems genetics toolkit for analysis and synthesis. Finally, we provide two detailed case studies that take advantage of human and mouse cohorts to evaluate linkage between gene variants, addiction, and aging.

DDoS attacks in cloud computing: Collateral damage to non-targets

The effects of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks on cloud computing are not very similar to those in traditional “fixed” on-premise infrastructure. In the context of DDoS attacks in multi-tenant clouds, we argue that, instead of just the victim server, multiple other stakeholders are also involved. Some of these important stakeholders are co-hosted virtual servers, physical servers, network resources, and cloud service providers. In this paper, we show through system analysis, experiments, and simulations that these stakeholders are collaterally affected, even though they are not the real targets of the attack. Damages/effects to these stakeholders include performance interference, web service performance, resource race, indirect EDoS (economic denial of sustainability), service downtime, and business losses. The result of our cloud-scale experiment revealed that overall energy consumption and the number of VM migrations are adversely affected owing to DDoS/EDoS attacks. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first novel contribution in regard to the effect characterization on non-targets in the cloud computing space. We make an effort to identify the targets of these effects and their origins, such as auto-scaling, multi-tenancy, and accounting in the cloud. We argue that there is an immense need to relook at the DDoS solutions in the cloud space where efforts are needed to minimize these effects. Finally, we have identified the detailed requirements of mitigation solutions to DDoS attacks in the cloud with an aim to minimize these effects. We provide an ideal solution design by taking characterization outcomes as important building blocks.

Cloud services for the Fermilab scientific stakeholders

As part of the Fermilab/KISTI cooperative research project, Fermilab has successfully run an experimental simulation workflow at scale on a federation of Amazon Web Services (AWS), FermiCloud, and local FermiGrid resources. We used the CernVM-FS (CVMFS) file system to deliver the application software. We established Squid caching servers in AWS as well, using the Shoal system to let each individual virtual machine find the closest squid server. We also developed an automatic virtual machine conversion system so that we could transition virtual machines made on FermiCloud to Amazon Web Services. We used this system to successfully run a cosmic ray simulation of the NOvA detector at Fermilab, making use of both AWS spot pricing and network bandwidth discounts to minimize the cost. On FermiCloud we also were able to run the workflow at the scale of 1000 virtual machines, using a private network routable inside of Fermilab. We present in detail the technological improvements that were used to make this work a reality.

Мультиагентные методы и инструментальные средства управления в сервис - ориентированной распределенной вычислительной среде

The paper discusses the issues related to ensuring the effective scaling of the job flow generated by problem-oriented distributed computing systems in heterogeneous Grid with hybrid nodes. Considers the multiagent methods and tools of the new generation, to ensure effective management of the combined job flow of scalable service-oriented software systems and load balancing for computing resources of runtime environment. Describes a high-level tools for developing services of scalable software systems. A distinctive feature of the presented methods and tools is use of elements of the economic theory (such as elements of regulation of supply and demand of resources) in the coordinated multiagent management of cluster Grid with hybrid nodes, both at the Grid level, and at the application level. The functions of problem-oriented computing environment (user application) is realized in the form of Grid-services using technology Web Services Resource Framework and patterns of interaction with local resource managers of Grid nodes. To create the agent of application is used development environment High-performance computing Service-oriented Multiagent System Framework, developed by the authors. A number of scientific services for experimental Grid are given as examples of organization of the problem-oriented computing environment (user application) using methods and tools considered in this paper. The results of their effective functioning is analyzed.

Multi-Agent Paradigm for Semantic Web Service in E-learning System

E-learning has become an alternative solution for the traditional learning. There is a need to manage the learning materials in e-learning environments in order to deliver it to learners according to their requirements. Semantic Web Services (SWS) aim at developing a machine understandable and common conceptual framework which share and accumulate concepts from different web service resources to meet a particular objective in question. Different SWS composition methods have been developed for different purposes and objectives. In this paper we have developed an Agent-based SWS composition method using two sets of agents i.e. Service Requester Agent (SRA) and Service Provider Agent (SPA) to represent the user's side and the solution side respectively for the problem of a course composition in e-learning systems. The SRA corresponds to requirements of different ebook/chapter and the SPA corresponds to books containing the relevant and required chapters in courseware. The course composition is primarily based on the important and relevant prime keywords in a courseware. Learning materials and other actors are described semantically in form of ontologies. Also, we present the use of reasoning rule to infer different relations between Agents, ebook/chapter and other actors in the proposed model.

The Research of Semantic Web Service Matching Algorithm Based on the Formal Concept Analysis

At present, as the number of web services resources on the network drastically increased, how to quickly and efficiently find the needed services from publishing services has become a problem to resolve. Aiming at the problems of low efficiency in service discovery of traditional web service, the formal concept analysis ( FCA) is introduced into the semantic Web service matching, and a Matching Algorithm based semantic web service is proposed. With considering the concept of limited inheritance,this method introduces the concept of limited inheritance to the semantic similarity calculation based on the concept lattice. It is significant in enhancing the service function matching in practical applications through adjust the calculation.

Costs of Cloud Computing for a Biometry Department

"Cloud" computing providers, such as the Amazon Web Services (AWS), offer stable and scalable computational resources based on hardware virtualization, with short, usually hourly, billing periods. The idea of pay-as-you-use seems appealing for biometry research units which have only limited access to university or corporate data center resources or grids. This case study compares the costs of an existing heterogeneous on-site hardware pool in a Medical Biometry and Statistics department to a comparable AWS offer. The "total cost of ownership", including all direct costs, is determined for the on-site hardware, and hourly prices are derived, based on actual system utilization during the year 2011. Indirect costs, which are difficult to quantify are not included in this comparison, but nevertheless some rough guidance from our experience is given. To indicate the scale of costs for a methodological research project, a simulation study of a permutation-based statistical approach is performed using AWS and on-site hardware. In the presented case, with a system utilization of 25-30 percent and 3-5-year amortization, on-site hardware can result in smaller costs, compared to hourly rental in the cloud dependent on the instance chosen. Renting cloud instances with sufficient main memory is a deciding factor in this comparison. Costs for on-site hardware may vary, depending on the specific infrastructure at a research unit, but have only moderate impact on the overall comparison and subsequent decision for obtaining affordable scientific computing resources. Overall utilization has a much stronger impact as it determines the actual computing hours needed per year. Taking this into ac count, cloud computing might still be a viable option for projects with limited maturity, or as a supplement for short peaks in demand.

RegPrecise web services interface: programmatic access to the transcriptional regulatory interactions in bacteria reconstructed by comparative genomics

Web services application programming interface (API) was developed to provide a programmatic access to the regulatory interactions accumulated in the RegPrecise database (http://regprecise.lbl.gov), a core resource on transcriptional regulation for the microbial domain of the Department of Energy (DOE) Systems Biology Knowledgebase. RegPrecise captures and visualize regulogs, sets of genes controlled by orthologous regulators in several closely related bacterial genomes, that were reconstructed by comparative genomics. The current release of RegPrecise 2.0 includes >1400 regulogs controlled either by protein transcription factors or by conserved ribonucleic acid regulatory motifs in >250 genomes from 24 taxonomic groups of bacteria. The reference regulons accumulated in RegPrecise can serve as a basis for automatic annotation of regulatory interactions in newly sequenced genomes. The developed API provides an efficient access to the RegPrecise data by a comprehensive set of 14 web service resources. The RegPrecise web services API is freely accessible at http://regprecise.lbl.gov/RegPrecise/services.jsp with no login requirements.

The NIH National Center for Integrative Biomedical Informatics (NCIBI)

The National Center for Integrative and Biomedical Informatics (NCIBI) is one of the eight NCBCs. NCIBI supports information access and data analysis for biomedical researchers, enabling them to build computational and knowledge models of biological systems to address the Driving Biological Problems (DBPs). The NCIBI DBPs have included prostate cancer progression, organ-specific complications of type 1 and 2 diabetes, bipolar disorder, and metabolic analysis of obesity syndrome. Collaborating with these and other partners, NCIBI has developed a series of software tools for exploratory analysis, concept visualization, and literature searches, as well as core database and web services resources. Many of our training and outreach initiatives have been in collaboration with the Research Centers at Minority Institutions (RCMI), integrating NCIBI and RCMI faculty and students, culminating each year in an annual workshop. Our future directions include focusing on the TranSMART data sharing and analysis initiative.

Constructing Service Semantic Link Network Based on the Probabilistic Graphical Model

Abstract Automatic services collaboration calls for the development of semantically structured service network to maximize the utility of Web services. Service Semantic Link Network (S-SLN) is the semantic model for effectively managing Web service resources by the dependency relationship between services. We provided an effective method for constructing S-SLN based on the graphical structure representation of the dependencies embedded in a probabilistic model. A Markov network is an undirected graph whose links represents probability dependencies. We first learned Markov network structure from Web services data, and then transformed the undirected Markov network structure into a directed graph structure of S-SLN based on the same joint probability distribution. Finally, experimental results show the effectiveness of the method.

SLA-based management of software licenses as web service resources in distributed computing infrastructures

Until recently the use of applications requiring a software license for execution was quite limited in distributed environments. Due to the mandatory centralised control of license usage at application runtime, e.g. heartbeat control by the license server running at the home site of a user, traditional software licensing practices are not suitable especially when the distributed computing infrastructure stretches across administrative domains. In this paper we present a novel approach for managing software licenses as web service resources in distributed service oriented environments. Licenses become mobile objects, which may travel to the environment where required to authorise the execution of a license protected application. A first implementation has been realised for dynamic Grid environments in the European SmartLM project co-funded by the European Commission. The SmartLM solution decouples authorisation for license usage from authorisation for application execution. All authorisations are expressed as and guaranteed by Service Level Agreements. We will present the core technology, discuss various security aspects and how they are addressed in the SmartLM prototype, and present the evaluation of the prototype through a number of usage scenarios. Finally, we will give an outlook on specific issues and current work extending the solution to Clouds and service based systems in general.

Distributed data mining patterns and services: an architecture and experiments

SUMMARYDistributed data mining implements techniques for analyzing data on distributed computing systems by exploiting data distribution and parallel algorithms. The grid is a computing infrastructure for implementing distributed high‐performance applications and solving complex problems, offering effective support to the implementation and use of data mining and knowledge discovery systems. The Web Services Resource Framework has become the standard for the implementation of grid services and applications, and it can be exploited for developing high‐level services for distributed data mining applications. This paper describes how distributed data mining patterns, such as collective learning, ensemble learning, and meta‐learning models, can be implemented as Web Services Resource Framework mining services by exploiting the grid infrastructure. The goal of this work was to design a distributed architectural model that can be exploited for different distributed mining patterns deployed as grid services for the analysis of dispersed data sources. In order to validate such an approach, we presented also the implementation of two clustering algorithms on the developed architecture. In particular, the distributed k‐means and distributed expectation maximization were exploited as pilot examples to show the suitability of the implemented service‐oriented framework. An extensive evaluation of its performance was provided. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Research on Merging Cluster Algorithm for QoS-Oriented Supply and Demand

Discovering service-on-demand for large numbers of functionality-similar web services is one of the key issues in service discovery study. To find out the proper service among the functionality-similar web services, a merging cluster algorithm regarding QoS-oriented supply and demand is proposed in this paper. To meet the target, FCM clustering is adopted for agglomerative clustering between the user’s QoS requirement information and the QoS information from Web Service resources. Then, the sequence could be determined by similarity computation with the same clustering. Lastly, the numerical example is presented to illustrate that the service-on-demand can be discovered efficiently and effectively.

Verification of Time Constraints Consistency on Web Service Composition Based on ETPN

The work of Web Service verification mainly concentrated in testing service functional correctness, the non-functioning attribute description and verification is relatively rare. For the lack of non-functioning attribute service verification, the available time phrase of Web Service is added into the OWL-S model to describe time-attribute, establish the mapping rules and transformation method from OWL-S process model to ETPN, and the available time relation matrix is proposed to verify time constraints consistency based on the ETPN theory, it can help to remove the plan of service composition has time conflict and avoid the waste of Web Service resource.