Web Page Design Research Articles

Exploring the customer orientation of Spanish pharmacy websites

PurposeThe strong regulation of the Spanish pharmaceutical sector encourages pharmacies to modify their business model, giving the customer a more relevant role by integrating 2.0 tools. However, the study of the implementation of these tools is still quite limited, especially in terms of a customer-oriented web page design. This paper aims to analyze the online presence of Spanish community pharmacies by studying the profile of their web pages to classify them by their degree of customer orientation.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 710 community pharmacies were analyzed, of which 160 had Web pages. Using items drawn from the literature, content analysis was performed to evaluate the presence of these items on the web pages. Then, after analyzing the scores on the items, a cluster analysis was conducted to classify the pharmacies according to the degree of development of their online customer orientation strategy.FindingsThe number of pharmacies with a web page is quite low. The development of these websites is limited, and they have a more informational than relational role. The statistical analysis allows to classify the pharmacies in four groups according to their level of developmentPractical implicationsPharmacists should make incremental use of their websites to facilitate real two-way communication with customers and other stakeholders to maintain a relationship with them by having incorporated the Web 2.0 and social media (SM) platforms.Originality/valueThis study analyses, from a marketing perspective, the degree of Web 2.0 adoption and the characteristics of the websites, in terms of aiding communication and interaction with customers in the Spanish pharmaceutical sector.

You, the Web, and Your Device

Understanding how people interact with the web is key for a variety of applications, e.g., from the design of effective web pages to the definition of successful online marketing campaigns. Browsing behavior has been traditionally represented and studied by means of clickstreams , i.e., graphs whose vertices are web pages, and edges are the paths followed by users. Obtaining large and representative data to extract clickstreams is, however, challenging. The evolution of the web questions whether browsing behavior is changing and, by consequence, whether properties of clickstreams are changing. This article presents a longitudinal study of clickstreams from 2013 to 2016. We evaluate an anonymized dataset of HTTP traces captured in a large ISP, where thousands of households are connected. We first propose a methodology to identify actual URLs requested by users from the massive set of requests automatically fired by browsers when rendering web pages. Then, we characterize web usage patterns and clickstreams, taking into account both the temporal evolution and the impact of the device used to explore the web. Our analyses precisely quantify various aspects of clickstreams and uncover interesting patterns, such as the typical short paths followed by people while navigating the web, the fast increasing trend in browsing from mobile devices, and the different roles of search engines and social networks in promoting content. Finally, we contribute a dataset of anonymized clickstreams to the community to foster new studies.<sup;>1</sup;>

The influence of user interface design on consumer perceptions: A cross-cultural comparison

With more than 4 billion websites on the World Wide Web, it has become essential for companies, especially those who operate worldwide, to make their websites as appealing as possible for their customer base. This paper intended to provide some insight for companies who want to offer their products online to German and Taiwanese customers. A total of 703 valid responses from participants of both countries were collected in this study. The experimental result revealed significant effect of color and price on the customers’ responses. The results also indicated that not only does color have a significant main effect on arousal, but that warm and cool colors influence Taiwanese and German participants to different degrees. Additionally, price resulted in a significantly high level of Perceived Usefulness and Pleasure. This paper can provide great insight to companies who wish to sell their products in one or both of these markets, which admittedly differ greatly from each other, by appropriate interface design of web pages.

Using e-portfolio for learning goal setting to facilitate self-regulated learning of high school students

ABSTRACTThis study aims to explore the influence of using e-portfolio for learning goal setting on self-regulated learning. The subjects were 40 second-year students (18 males and 22 females) taking the ‘Webpage Design’ course of the Department of Information Technology in a vocational high school. The experimental teaching lasted for ten weeks, and the students used e-portfolio for learning goal setting. The t-test result showed that the students’ self-regulated learning after using e-portfolio for learning goal setting is better than that before goal setting. The regression result showed that goal setting performance significantly and positively influences self-regulated learning. In other words, having goal setting or better goal setting leads to better self-regulated learning. Finally, limitation and recommendations for future work are proposed.

The evaluation of emotional experience on webpages: an event-related potential study

Different webpage appearances may induce different emotional experiences of users. What may happen in users’ brain from when they see the webpage to when they reveal emotional experience is still unknown. Thus, this study requires the participants to evaluate their emotional experience on webpages by pressing the mouse, with their electroencephalogram being recorded. By analyzing the average amplitude of event-related potentials, we find that at the early stage of cognitive process, parietal N1 component is sensitive to the arousal of emotional experiences. The P2 can distinguish webpages with medium emotional experience from those with good emotional experience. The late positive potential (LPP) shows enhanced responses to webpages with both good and poor emotional experiences, while the emotional processing represented by LPP shows cerebral lateralization at the frontal and fronto-central areas. The findings can not only help to better understand the emotional processing from the perspective of electrophysiology, but also provide reference measures to evaluate webpage design and assess its impact on users’ emotion.

Verifying that web pages have accessible layout

Usability and accessibility guidelines aim to make graphical user interfaces accessible to all users, by, say, requiring that text is sufficiently large, interactive controls are visible, and heading size corresponds to importance. These guidelines must hold on the infinitely many possible renderings of a web page generated by differing screen sizes, fonts, and other user preferences. Today, these guidelines are tested by manual inspection of a few renderings, because 1) the guidelines are not expressed in a formal language, 2) the semantics of browser rendering are not well understood, and 3) no tools exist to check all possible renderings of a web page. VizAssert solves these problems. First, it introduces visual logic to precisely specify accessibility properties. Second, it formalizes a large fragment of the browser rendering algorithm using novel finitization reductions. Third, it provides a sound, automated tool for verifying assertions in visual logic. We encoded 14 assertions drawn from best-practice accessibility and mobile-usability guidelines in visual logic. VizAssert checked them on on 62 professionally designed web pages. It found 64 distinct errors in the web pages, while reporting only 13 false positive warnings.

Approach Research of Keyword Extraction Based on Web Pages Document

Keywords selection is a fast growing industry in which different tools are used by the companies to suggest their webpage's keywords. The paper’s aim is to propose a method that suggests the keywords of a webpage based on the frequent terms. The method used in this paper is term frequency for defining the frequent terms. An Experiment is executed to validate the method results; and the result of the new method is compared to Google tool. The accuracy of the proposed method is 82.4%, which consider being a promising result. The experimental results show that this system in the judgment and the readability of web page content were superior to the general web page design of automatic summarization.

Design of APP for College Students' Fitness Running based on Android

At present, the decline of the college students' life quality has become an accepted fact. More and more students ignored the necessary physical exercise in college students' life which leads to deteriorate health condition of the students. Fitness running is a major form of exercise for all people. How to better record, monitor and evaluate college students' sports status? Exercise can be enforced and supervised. To solve this problem, a fitness running system that monitors and evaluates the health of students is designed in this paper. In this paper, the main contents are as follows: a) The reason for the design of a fitness system for college students are briefly illustrated b) The design of App client for fitness running c) The administrator web page design

A system for three-dimensional gaze fixation analysis using eye tracking glasses

Abstract Eye tracking is a technology that has quickly become a commonplace tool for evaluating package and webpage design. In such design processes, static two-dimensional images are shown on a computer screen while a subject's gaze where he or she looks is measured via an eye tracking device. The collected gaze fixation data are then visualized and analyzed via gaze plots and heat maps. Such evaluations using two-dimensional images are often too limited to analyze gaze on three-dimensional physical objects such as products because users look at them not from a single point of view but rather from various angles. Therefore in this study we propose methods for collecting gaze fixation data for a three-dimensional model of a given product and visualizing corresponding gaze plots and heat maps also in three dimensions. To achieve our goals, we used a wearable eye-tracking device, i.e., eye-tracking glasses. Further, we implemented a prototype system to demonstrate its advantages in comparison with two-dimensional gaze fixation methods. Highlights Proposing a method for collecting gaze fixation data for a three-dimensional model of a given product. Proposing two visualization methods for three dimensional gaze data; gaze plots and heat maps. Proposed system was applied to two practical examples of hair dryer and car interior.

Design and Implementation of Web Page Calendar Based on CSS and JavaScript

With the continuous development of the web development technology, dynamic web pages with interaction ability will be the mainstream. JavaScript combined with CSS is used to design web pages with dynamic effects, which becomes a preferred scheme of many web designers. The article put forward a design method of web page calendar based on CSS and JavaScript. First of all, use CSS to achieve the appearance style effect of the calendar, then, use JavaScript to achieve the date display function of the calendar. Experiment results show that according to different system dates display a calendar of the corresponding month.

Measuring web page complexity by analyzing TCP flows and HTTP headers

To understand website complexity deeply, a web page complexity measurement system is developed. The system measures the complexity of a web page at two levels: transport-level and content-level, using a packet trace-based approach rather than server or client logs. Packet traces surpass others in the amount of information contained. Quantitative analyses show that different categories of web pages have different complexity characteristics. Experimental results show that a news web page usually loads much more elements at more accessing levels from much more web servers within diverse administrative domains over much more concurrent transmission control protocol (TCP) flows. About more than half of education pages each only involve a few logical servers, where most of elements of a web page are fetched only from one or two logical servers. The number of content types for web game traffic after login is usually least. The system can help web page designers to design more efficient web pages, and help researchers or Internet users to know communication details.

An course examination in the context of constructivist learning: Art and activity through the platform of Coursera

With the widespread use of the Internet, it is observed that many concepts and practices in daily life are being reshaped. This form is also reflected in the field of education and e-learning processes are gaining importance in this context today. This article deals specifically with the Coursera platform, the Mass Online Open Lecture (MOOC) for life-learning learning activity, which has become a requirement of the modern age and which allows the individual to be constantly up-to-date. In general, the Coursera assessment is an art module and this module has been examined specifically for Art and Effective lesson. The data evaluated in the introductory section are examined in the framework of the web page design related to this course, the level of access to the related course materials and the level of using the interaction tools. The results obtained were then evaluated in the constructivist teaching model perspective. According to the constructivist teaching model, teaching does not occur through information transfer, but through the experience of the student. The Art and Activity course in Coursera's art module has been reviewed in the context of the constructivist teaching model. In this study, it is concluded that interactive education technology is designed to the theory of constructivist teaching model and in this sense, the learner has features suitable for learning by experiential learning. The review was conducted on a single course in the arts module on the Coursera platform. Examination of the entire module and platform with other examinations in terms of the constructivist teaching model will contribute to achieving a holistic result. Keywords: Learning to life, MOOC, Coursera, constructivist teaching, educational program

Providing Services for Students with Disabilities in an Academic Library

Accessibility issues are at the forefront of library services as the number of students with disabilities attending colleges or universities continues to increase. Three areas where academic librarians can concentrate efforts to better meet the needs of these students are: bibliographic instruction, web page design, and staff training. While the suggestions presented here focus on providing enhanced service to students with disabilities. all students can benefit from increased sensitivity and understanding of different learning styles, improved quality of library service to better enable students to conduct research independently, and easier access to information.

A Two-Dimensional Webpage Classification Model

Regarding the webpage classification topics, most classification mechanisms may lack of consideration from the webpage article writer's perspective and the display characteristics of the webpage (color, graphic layout). Hence, this paper develops a Two-dimensional Webpage Classification model to analyze the webpage textual information and display characteristics from the perspectives of webpage users and designers. This model is consisted of the Webpage Block Distribution Analysis (WBDA) module, Webpage Emotion Category Determination (WECD) module and Webpage Specialty Category Determination (WSCD) module. Firstly, in WBDA module, the user and designer habits (such as the web browsing movement and the writing perspective of webpage) should be considered by combining with the eye movement tracking and tag-region judgment to determine the critical blocks and information of the webpage. Secondly, in WECD module, the webpage color codes are acquired to calculate the major colors of the webpage, and further determine the emotional category of webpage. Thirdly, the WSCD module analyzes the webpage textual information by integrating the keyword acquisition technology to identify the specialty category of the webpage. After that, the Two-dimensional category of the webpage can be obtained. In addition, this paper develops a web-based system accordingly for case verification to confirm the feasibility of the methodology. The verification results show that firstly for webpage emotion category judgment when 128 webpage files for training are imported into this system, the respondent's emotion evaluation score is increased to above Level 5 and the system recommendation success rate is increased to 75.78%. Secondly, for specialty category determination, when system uses 1010 to 1120 webpage files for training, the system performance can be increased to above 80%. Hence, the developed system has a high-performance level in webpage emotion category and specialty category determination. That is, this paper proposes a methodology of Two-dimensional Webpage Classification to classify the webpage file information contents and the effects on the emotions of the demanders to assist webpage providers in providing webpage suitable for demanders with the generated two-dimensional information of the webpage.

A FAIR-Based Approach to Enhancing the Discovery and Re-Use of Transcriptomic Data Assets for Nuclear Receptor Signaling Pathways

Public transcriptomic assets in the nuclear receptor (NR) signaling field hold considerable collective potential for exposing underappreciated aspects of NR regulation of gene expression. This potential is undermined however by a series of enduring informatic pain points that retard the routine re-use of these datasets. Here we describe a coordinated biocuration and web development approach to redress this situation that is closely aligned with ideals articulated in the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, re-usable) principles on data stewardship. To improve findability, biocurators engage authors of studies in collaborating journals to secure datasets for deposition in public archives. Annotated derivatives of the archived datasets are assigned digital object identifiers and regulatory molecule identifiers that support persistent linkages between datasets and their associated research articles, integration in relevant records in gene and small molecule knowledgebases, and indexing by dataset search engines. To enhance their accessibility and interoperability, datasets are visualizable in responsively designed web pages, retrievable in machine-readable spreadsheets, or through an application programming interface. Re-use of the datasets is supported by their interrogation as a universe of data points through the Transcriptomine search engine, highlighting transcriptional intersections between NR signaling pathways, physiological processes and disease states. We illustrate the value of our approach in connecting disparate research communities using a use case of persistent interoperability between the Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas and the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase. Our FAIR-aligned model demonstrates the enduring value of discovery-scale datasets that accrues from their systematic compilation, biocuration and distribution across the digital biomedical research enterprise.

Effects of tourism information quality in social media on destination image formation: The case of Sina Weibo

This study investigates the role of content and noncontent cues of tourism information quality in forming users’ destination image in social media. Empirical analysis based on data collected from Sina Weibo users suggests that several content cues and web page design as a noncontent cue are positively related with cognitive and affective images, which lead to a conative image. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on the role of tourism information quality in social media by providing empirical evidence on destination image formation. It also helps tourism managers build their marketing strategies to attract more tourists through social media.

Scanpath Trend Analysis on Web Pages

Eye tracking studies have widely been used in improving the design and usability of web pages and in the research of understanding how users navigate them. However, there is limited research in clustering users’ eye movement sequences (i.e., scanpaths) on web pages to identify a general direction they follow. Existing research tends to be reductionist, which means that the resulting path is so short that it is not useful. Moreover, there is little work on correlating users’ scanpaths with visual elements of web pages and the underlying source code, which means the result cannot be used for further processing. In order to address these limitations, we introduce a new concept in clustering scanpaths called Scanpath Trend Analysis (STA) that not only considers the visual elements visited by all users, but also considers the visual elements visited by the majority in any order. We present an algorithm which automatically does this trend analysis to identify a trending scanpath for multiple web users in terms of visual elements of a web page. In contrast to existing research, the STA algorithm first analyzes the most visited visual elements in given scanpaths, clusters the scanpaths by arranging these visual elements based on their overall positions in the individual scanpaths, and then constructs a trending scanpath in terms of these visual elements. This algorithm was experimentally evaluated by an eye tracking study on six web pages for two different kinds of tasks (12 cases in total). Our experimental results show that the STA algorithm generates a trending scanpath that addresses the reductionist problem of existing work by preventing the loss of commonly visited visual elements for all cases. Based on the statistical tests, the STA algorithm also generates a trending scanpath that is significantly more similar to the inputted scanpaths compared to other existing work in 10 out of 12 cases. In the remaining cases, the STA algorithm still performs significantly better than some other existing work. This algorithm contributes to behavior analysis research on the web that can be used for different purposes: for example, re-engineering web pages guided by the trending scanpath to improve users’ experience or guiding designers to improve their design.

Effects of Chinese Font Size and Space on Efficiency of VDT Single-line Text Reading

This study investigated the factors which affect the single-line Chinese text reading efficiency on a visual display terminal (VDT) screen and in the end has given a reasonable suggestion. The efficiency of reading is dependent on how ergonomically the visual information is presented. A great quantity of investigations have shown that font size characteristics could affect readability. A detailed research of the influences of font size and space on efficiency for reading single Chinese information on a VDT screen has been carried out on young adults in this study, and reading speed as well as accuracy were used as two evaluation indicators to appraise reading efficiency. First, the calculation formula is obtained and the best range of Chinese font size and space is determined in a fixed reading distance under the VDT reading environment according to the classic theory of ergonomics. Then, Microsoft Word is used to assign a quantitative value to font size and space. Four sizes of fonts were used: 9, 10.5, 12 and 14 point, and all fonts were presented in 1, 2, 3 and 4 point spaces. In order to obtain simple and effective experimental combinations to reflect the results, an orthogonal experimental method is applied to design the experiment. Finally, the synchronous device is connected, and relevant data about reading time and accuracy is obtained by a record in E-prime 2.0 software. It shows, by statistical analysis, that the best combination for efficiently reading single Chinese information on a computer screen is 12 point font size and 2 point space. Furthermore, through further analysis, the best viewing angle is determined to be 21'. The outcome of this study will help as a guideline to all PC users, web page designers, information tips in public places so that readers can more easily grasp information accurately and rapidly.

Towards cultural translation of websites: a large-scale study of Australian, Chinese, and Saudi Arabian design preferences

ABSTRACTSince websites are developed and maintained by different cultures, web page design may be influenced by the originating culture. This study examines the usage of design attributes between Australian, Chinese, and Saudi Arabian cultures. This study used automated and manual techniques to investigate design attributes including layout, navigation, links, multimedia, visual representation, colour, and text. Significant differences were found in each of the listed design attributes, suggesting that different interfaces may be needed for successful communication with different cultural groups. The results of this study confirm and extend prior research and anthropological models. The contribution of this study is the scale (460 websites in total) and breadth (seven design attributes) of the research. It also provides revised insights into culture and website design and the concept of cultural translation of web content.

Erratum to: Project-based pedagogy for the facilitation of webpage design

Erratum to: Project-based pedagogy for the facilitation of webpage design