Web Of Science Research Articles

Rubella antibody levels in the healthy Chinese population: a meta-analysis

ObjectivesTo gain a comprehensive understanding of rubella seroprevalence in the healthy population in China and to offer data-driven support for the goal of rubella elimination.MethodsCNKI, Wanfang database, VIP database, CBM, PubMed, web of Science, and Embase databases were searched to collect studies reporting the positive rate of rubella antibody among the Chinese healthy populations between 2001 and 2022. We conducted a meta-analysis using R language, and data were combined using random effects model.ResultsA total of 97 studies were included, encompassing a sample size of 103,018. Meta-analysis showed that the overall prevalence of rubella antibody positivity in the Chinese healthy population was 77.29% (95% CI: 75.26-79.33). The prevalence of rubella antibody varied significantly based on age and vaccination status. Among the age groups studied, the <1-year-old group exhibited the lowest positivity rate for rubella antibody at 47.87% (95% CI: 41.53-54.21),while the ≥50 years old group showed the highest positivity rate at 85.43% (95% CI: 81.01-89.85); individuals with a history of vaccination demonstrated a higher antibody positivity rate compared to those without vaccination history.ConclusionsThe prevalence of rubella antibody in healthy Chinese population is relatively low. In order to establish a solid immunity threshold levels, it requires conducting timely immunization programs on key groups such as middle school students and the women of childbearing age on the basis of ensuring a high level of rubella-containing-vaccines (RCV) coverage, so as to achieve the goal of eliminating rubella.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024607949.

Short- and Long-Term Effects of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Air pollution contributes to up to 60% of premature mortality worldwide by worsening cardiovascular conditions. Ultrafine particles (UFPs) may negatively affect cardiovascular outcomes, and epidemiological studies have linked them to short- and long-term blood pressure (BP) imbalance. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the short- and long-term effects of UFP exposure on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure. Eligibility criteria were established using the Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome, and Study Design (PECOS) model, and literature searches were conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for studies published between 1 January 2013 and 9 October 2024. Risk of Bias (RoB) was assessed following World Health Organization (WHO) instructions. Separate meta-analyses were performed for the short- and long-term effects of UFP exposure on SBP and DBP. Additionally, we analyzed SBP and DBP imbalances across different timespans following short-term exposure. Results: The results showed an increase in BP during short-term UFP exposure, which returned to baseline values after a few hours. Changes in SBP were greater than in DBP following both short- and long-term exposure. Prolonged exposure to UFPs is associated with increased SBP and concurrently low DBP values. Chronic exposure to UFPs may lead to a persistent increase in SBP, even without a concurrent increase in DBP. Conclusions: The findings presented here highlight that UFPs may contribute to worsening cardiovascular outcomes in vulnerable populations living in air-polluted areas.

Do Therapeutic Recreation Mental Health Clinical Placements Provide Educational Experiences to Pre‐Registration Student Nurses?: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review

ABSTRACTClinical placements are a critical component in any pre‐registration student nurse's skill development and play an influential role in career specialisation upon registration. However, students are reporting to feel anxious and under prepared attending clinical placements, especially within mental health settings. Such a concern was highlighted in the Australian Government's Productivity Commission into Mental Health (2020). With recommendations for clinical placements to occur in therapeutic recreation environments, allowing increased interactions between students and individuals with a lived experience. Hence, this mixed methods systematic review aims to explore the experiences of pre‐registration student nurses completing their mental health clinical placement within a therapeutic recreation environment. Six databases were searched for the review; CINHAL, Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus and the ProQuest Dissertation and Theses database, yielding 10 214 articles. Data were imported to COVIDENCE for management and screening processes. Risk of bias was undertaken by two authors utilising the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for qualitative and quasi‐experimental studies and McGill's Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool 2018 Version for mixed methods studies. Data were extracted manually for the 13 included articles which met the review inclusion criteria. Following a thematic analysis of the extracted data, three themes emerged: an optimal learning environment, impact on stigmatising beliefs and influence on future career. Findings identified that therapeutic recreation environments pose numerous education benefits for pre‐registration student nurses. It is apparent through an immersive mental health clinical placement; student nurses are able to increase their mental health understanding through the lens of those with lived experiences. Such environments challenge stigmatising beliefs held by students prior to clinical placements and can lead to an increased desire to pursue a career within the mental health speciality. This review offers an insight into the many benefits for pre‐registration student nurses who complete their mental health clinical placements in therapeutic recreation environments, including reduced stigmatising beliefs, increased mental health knowledge and improved clinical confidence.Trial Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42023476280

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Oral Diseases

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo summarize the current knowledge of the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and its critical role in various oral diseases.MethodsWe reviewed the recent research on NETs through PubMed and Web of Science. An analysis of recent research results was summarized from three aspects: NETs induction and formation, functions of NETs, and NETs in oral diseases.ResultsThe relationship between neutrophils and NETs is critical to the body's defense against microbial invasion. NETs can effectively combat pathogens with an anti‐inflammatory effect and meanwhile it can contribute to inflammation. Moreover, it can synergize with other immune cells to respond to stimuli, such as pathogens, host‐derived mediators, and drugs. It was revealed that NETs play different roles to influence various oral diseases like periodontitis, endodontic infection, oral mucosal diseases, maxillofacial tumors, and many other oral diseases.ConclusionThe balance between the protective and potentially harmful effects of NETs is a key factor in determining the outcome of infections and inflammatory responses. The role of NETs in oral diseases needs to be further studied to enable better understanding of its role in the different oral diseases.

Global Research Trends in Green Finance: A Systematic Literature Review of Regional Contributions (2001-2024)

This study presents the systematic analysis of existing literature on global research trends in green finance, focusing on regional contributions from 2001 to 2024. Using data from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, this analysis identifies patterns in publication volume, regional leadership, and thematic evolution in green finance research. The findings reveal a substantial increase in scholarly output, particularly in response to climate agreements such as the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals. Notably, countries like China, the United Kingdom, and emerging contributors, including Pakistan, are leading in research output. The study underscores a shift from foundational studies on sustainable finance to specific applications in green bonds, ESG criteria, and climate finance. Additionally, it highlights strong international co-authorship networks, especially among researchers in Europe, North America, and Asia, which facilitate cross-border collaboration and knowledge dissemination.

Abstract 4136758: Apabetalone: evaluating cardiovascular and safety outcomes in meta-analysis

Background: Epigenetic mechanisms play a pivotal role in the transcriptional programs associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Apabetalone, an orally available inhibitor of BET proteins that serve as key epigenetic readers, and modulating gene expression - holds promise as a therapeutic intervention in CVD management. Understanding its efficacy and tolerability is crucial for delineating its potential impact on disease progression and patient outcomes. Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of apabetalone in patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods: The meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023423298). Databases searched included Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Web of Science. Three unique RCTs with total of 2897 patients were included, with trial durations ranging from 12 to 124 weeks. Primary outcomes assessed were all-cause mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI). Data analysis was performed using the inverse variance common effect model. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or its increased risk. Results: Among the primary outcomes, no significant effects of apabetalone were observed on all-cause mortality (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.23) or non-fatal MI (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.11). Apabetalone demonstrated favorable effects on increasing Apo A1 (SMD 0.20, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.35) and HDL (SMD 0.29, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.49). However, no significant effects were observed for changes in Apo B, LDL, non-HDL, total cholesterol. Subgroup analysis did not reveal any significant differences in outcomes. Significant effects were noted in secondary outcomes. Apabetalone showed a significant increase in adverse events (AEs) leading to withdrawal (RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.15) and ALT and AST increases greater than three times the normal value (RR 4.50, 95% CI 2.73 to 7.41). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis highlights the significant impact of apabetalone on certain lipid parameters and adverse events. However, it did not demonstrate significant effects on all-cause mortality or non-fatal MI. Further well-designed and reported RCTs were warranted to elucidate the clinical implications of apabetalone in selected group of patients that might benefit the most from apabetalone that may also improve cardiovascular disease management.

Effectiveness of supervised combined aerobic and resistance exercise in fatigue of prostate cancer survivors under androgen deprivation therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objectives Cancer-related fatigue is prevalent in prostate cancer patients. This symptom can negatively affect patients’ performance and emotional well-being, but there is no consensus on the best therapeutic approach. Despite the growing evidence on the management of fatigue with exercise, there are recognised limitations in its use when considering the different cancer patients. Specifically, prostate cancer patients under androgen deprivation therapy present several contributors to fatigue, emotional distress, inactivity, and deconditioning. The aim of this research was to describe the current literature on the effects of supervised combined aerobic and resistance training on fatigue in patients under androgen deprivation therapy. Methods We conducted a literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The GRADE and the Cochrane tools were used to assess the quality and risk of bias of the selected studies. Only randomised controlled trials in which combined aerobic and resistance training was used with prostate cancer patients under androgen deprivation therapy were included. A cancer-related fatigue meta-analysis was performed. Results Nine studies with a low risk of bias were included in the review. Regarding cancer-related fatigue, significant results that cannot be attributed to chance were found in favour of combined exercise (MD=0.71; 95 %; CI=0.05, 1.37; p=0.03; I2=91 %). The GRADE system showed a moderate recommendation. Conclusions Supervised combined aerobic and resistance training was proven to significantly improve fatigue in patients with prostate cancer under androgen deprivation therapy. These findings could provide clinicians with more information on the management of cancer patients under androgen deprivation therapy.

Effects of football training on cognitive performance in children and adolescents: a meta-analytic review

BackgroundThe cognitive development of children and adolescents is crucial for their academic success and overall well-being. Physical activity has been linked to improved cognitive performance, but the specific effects of football training on cognitive function in this population remain unclear. This meta-analytic review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the impact of football training on cognitive performance in children and adolescents.MethodsLiterature was searched through PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Embase, and Web of Science. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or crossover designs assessing cognitive performance following football training interventions. Outcome measures included attention, inhibitory control, and working memory. Data synthesis and meta-analysis were performed to determine the overall effect sizes.ResultsTwelve studies were included in the meta-analysis, comprising 1,574 children and 94 adolescents. Football training demonstrated moderate, statistically significant effects on attention (Hedges’ g = −0.77, p = 0.01), inhibitory control (Hedges’ g = −0.67, p = 0.02), and working memory (Hedges’ g = −0.44, p = 0.03). The findings suggest that football training positively influences cognitive performance in children and adolescents.ConclusionFootball training holds promise for enhancing cognitive function in children and adolescents, particularly in attention, inhibitory control, and working memory. Theoretical frameworks emphasizing environmental enrichment, cardiovascular fitness, and cognitive component skills help elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Future research should explore how football training compares to other sports and assess whether integrative drills that combine cognitive elements with skill practice offer greater cognitive benefits than skill training alone. These insights support the inclusion of football in educational programs to foster cognitive development.

Abstract 4125026: Effect Of Pressure-Controlled Intermittent Coronary Sinus Occlusion On Echocardiographic Features In Patients With STEMI: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis With Trial Squential Analysis

Introduction: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is the treatment of choice for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Nevertheless, pPCI is still associated with poorer outcomes particularly left ventricular dysfunction. Pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion (PiCSO) is a novel therapeutic approach proposed to improve myocardial perfusion and its function in patients with STEMI. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of PiCSO on left ventricular function in STEMI patients. Methods: We performed a comprehensive search on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Our primary endpoints were left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF%), left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), and left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV). The secondary endpoint was infarct size. We performed Trial Squential Analysis (TSA), and we pooled our continuous data as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in the fixed effects model. Results: A total of four studies, with 335 patients, were included in the analysis. Our pooled analysis showed that PiCSO significantly increased LVEF% compared to pPCI (MD = 3.52, 95% CI [1.05, 6.00], P= 0.005). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of LVESV and LVEDV (MD = -1.1, 95% CI [-9.28, 7.08], P= 0.79; MD = -1.69, 95% CI [-9.14, 5.76], P= 0.66, respectively). With regard to infarct size, a significant reduction was observed in PiCSO group compared to pPCI (MD = -4.26, 95% CI [-7.39, -1.14], P= 0.007). The TSA curve crossed the conventional boundary for statistical significance, indicating that the available evidence reach the predetermined threshold. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis revealed that PiCSO could mitigate left ventricular dysfunction in STEMI patients by improving LVEF% and reducing infarct size. Nevertheless, PiCSO failed to show a positive impact on LVESV and LVEDV. Further large-scale studies are warranted to draw a definitive conclusion.

Abstract 4136210: Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Safety in DAPT De-escalation: Transitioning from Ticagrelor to Clopidogrel in Acute Myocardial Infarction Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention at twelve-Month Follow-Up

Background: In the management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) plays a crucial role in preventing recurrent ischemic events. Recent studies have explored the feasibility and safety of de-escalating DAPT from ticagrelor to clopidogrel. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching several databases, including Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, MEDLINE (including MEDLINE InProcess) (OvidSP), Web of Science, Embase (OvidSP), and Scopus. We assessed the risk of bias using the ROB2 Cochrane tools for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The analysis was performed using RevMan Cochrane software. Results: A total of ten studies including observational and clinical studies involving N=18,001patients (11,458 de-escalated from ticagrelor to clopidogrel after 12 months and 6,543 remained on ticagrelor after 12 months post-PCI) were included. There was no difference in the risk of all-cause death (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.38; p=0.90), cardiovascular death (RR 1.09; 95% CI 0.68 to 1.74; p=0.73), myocardial infarction (RR 0.90; 95% CI 0.71 to 1.14; p=0.37) and stroke (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.50 to 1.32; p=0.41) between the two groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, transitioning from ticagrelor to clopidogrel in acute myocardial infarction following percutaneous coronary intervention appears to be a feasible strategy for de-escalating dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). While maintaining efficacy in preventing adverse cardiovascular events, such as stent thrombosis, this approach may mitigate bleeding risks associated with prolonged ticagrelor use.

Antioxidant Therapies in the Treatment of Aminoglycoside‐Induced Ototoxicity: A Meta‐Analysis

ObjectiveA feared complication of aminoglycoside treatment is ototoxicity, which is theorized to be attributed to the production of aminoglycoside‐induced reactive oxygen species. Previous studies using animal models have suggested that numerous therapies targeting reducing oxidative stress may prevent ototoxicity from aminoglycosides. However, few clinical studies have been conducted on these antioxidants. This systematic review and meta‐analysis examines the effectiveness of antioxidant therapies in the treatment of aminoglycoside‐induced ototoxicity.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov.Review MethodA literature search was conducted in August 2024. This review sought randomized controlled trials to be conducted on humans to examining otologic outcomes in aminoglycoside‐induced ototoxicity following administration of medications intended to reduce oxidative stress.ResultsA systematic review yielded 2037 results, of which seven studies met inclusion criteria. N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) was investigated in four studies, aspirin in two studies, and vitamin E in one study. Six studies examined the benefit of antioxidant treatments for up to 8 weeks after administration while one study tested subjects' hearing after 1 year. In pooled analysis, two studies assessing NAC showed the greatest reduction in ototoxicity (RR 0.112, 95% CI, 0.032–0.395; p = 0.0007; I2 = 18%), followed by two studies examining aspirin (RR 0.229, 95% CI, 0.080–0.650; p = 0.0057; I2 = 0%). One study performed with vitamin E did not find a reduction in ototoxicity compared to the placebo (RR 0.841, 95% CI, 0.153–4.617; p = 0.8416).ConclusionsMultiple studies have shown that NAC and aspirin are effective in reducing ototoxicity from treatment with aminoglycosides. However, there is a lack of high‐quality evidence. Additional studies should examine whether aspirin and N‐acetylcysteine provide long‐term benefit, and which of the other promising antioxidants translate from animal models.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 2024

Exploring multimodal biomarker candidates of post‐traumatic epilepsy following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

AbstractThis review systematically analyzes potential biomarker candidates for post‐traumatic epilepsy (PTE) in humans who have experienced moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Focusing on biomarkers across biofluid‐based protein, genetic, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological categories, this review distinguishes between TBI patients who develop PTE and those who do not. The review adheres to established methodologies outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Data presentation follows the Meta‐analyses of Observational Studies (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched and yielded 7538 records, of which 18 met inclusion criteria (moderate–severe TBI in humans, follow‐up of at least 6 months, and no prior history of epilepsy). The review aggregates data from 15 cohort and 3 case–control studies (risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale). Statistically significant biomarkers were identified, with neurophysiological biomarkers showing the strongest effect size in a two‐study meta‐analysis. PTE, a severe long‐term outcome of TBI affecting 2% to 53% of individuals with TBI, lacks validated biomarkers for forecasting development, crucial for designing preventive clinical trials. A multimodal approach, integrating biofluid‐based protein, genetic, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological data, offers a promising strategy to enhance the predictability of PTE development and, potentially, its treatment. The study's protocol is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews PROSPERO (Registration ID: CRD42023470245).

Propolis in Dental Implantology: A Systematic Review of Its Effects and Benefits

Dental implants are widely recognized for their effectiveness in restoring missing teeth, yet their success is often compromised by infections or inadequate osseointegration. Propolis, a natural resinous substance with potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic properties, has emerged as a promising adjunct in dental implantology. This systematic review critically evaluates the current evidence on the incorporation of propolis into dental implants, focusing on its impact on antimicrobial efficacy, bone healing, and overall implant stability. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42024577122. The PRISMA diagram visually represented the search strategy, screening, and inclusion process. Two reviewers conducted a comprehensive literature search across five databases: PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. The review synthesized findings from 13 studies; in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, highlighting that propolis significantly enhances antibacterial and antifungal activities against pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Streptococcus mutans, thereby reducing the risk of peri-implant infections. Additionally, propolis promotes osseointegration by stimulating osteoblast activity and reducing inflammatory cytokine expression, leading to improved bone formation and implant stability. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of propolis further contribute to a favorable healing environment, enhancing the long-term success of dental implants. The systematic review underscores the potential of propolis as a safe, biocompatible, and effective material for improving dental implant outcomes. However, it also identifies the need for more extensive clinical trials to fully establish standardized protocols for propolis application in implantology. This review provides an overview of propolis’s potential role in dental implants and suggests promising avenues for future research to optimize its benefits in clinical practice.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Sclerocarya birrea on Metabolic Disorders: Evidence from Preclinical Studies

Background/Objectives: Metabolic disorders, including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases, are significant global health issues. Nutraceuticals, such as Sclerocarya birrea (SB), known for its high polyphenol content, are increasingly explored for managing these conditions. This study aims to evaluate the antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antihypertensive effects of SB in animal models to understand its potential as a natural intervention for metabolic diseases. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Searches across databases like PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus identified studies using SB in animal models of metabolic disorders. Inclusion criteria were studies with SB intervention, control groups, and quantitative measures of metabolic parameters. The study was registered with INPLASY (INPLASY2024100031). Results: The meta-analysis revealed that SB significantly reduces blood glucose levels in diabetic animal models. Acute administration of SB showed a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) of −7.13 (95% CI: −11.44 to −2.83) at 1 h and −9.75 (95% CI: −15.92 to −3.59) at 2–4 h post-administration. Chronic administration indicated a non-significant reduction in glucose levels (SMD: −5.69, 95% CI: −16.38 to 5.01). Conclusions: SB appears to have the potential for reducing blood glucose levels and may offer benefits for other cardiometabolic risk factors, including lipid profiles and oxidative stress. However, variability in the results underscores the need for further research, including standardized animal studies and clinical trials, to confirm these effects and clarify the mechanisms by which SB may impact metabolic disorders.

Enhancing daily oral PrEP adherence with digital communications: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) stands as an effective tool in preventing HIV transmission among individuals at risk of HIV infection. However, the effectiveness of daily oral PrEP is contingent on the adherence of its users, which can pose a challenge for many individuals. Various studies have explored different interventions aimed at bolstering PrEP adherence. One recurring type of intervention revolves around digital communication (e.g., SMS, mobile applications) to send reminders for PrEP usage. The objective of our systematic review and meta-analysis is to address the following research question: What is the effectiveness of digital communication interventions in enhancing daily oral PrEP adherence among individuals at a heightened risk of HIV infection? This paper presents our study protocol. Method and analysis We will conduct searches across four health-related databases: Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. We will also explore other sources, including clinical trials registries and grey literature. Our search will be restricted to original randomized controlled trials published in English, French, and Spanish conducted since 2012, when PrEP was approved, to today. To ensure rigor, three reviewers will perform the systematic review and meta-analysis. This systematic review will adhere to the guidelines outlined in the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Our primary outcome of interest is proper daily oral PrEP adherence, which we will measure using association metrics (e.g., odds ratios). Discussion This review will offer insights into the effectiveness of utilizing digital communication methods to assist individuals at risk of HIV in improving their PrEP adherence. Protocol registration number International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD42023471269.

Myopia control strategies: A systematic review and meta‐meta‐analysis

AbstractPurposeTo summarise pooled estimates of the efficacies of various myopia control interventions, as drawn from published meta‐analyses.MethodPubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science were searched from inception to February 2024 for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses reporting treatment effects of various myopia control strategies. The qualities of the included meta‐analyses were assessed using the 16‐item A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2. An intervention was defined as having a clinically significant effect if it resulted in a change in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of ≥0.50 D/year or axial length (AL) change of ≤−0.18 mm/year.ResultsA total of 38 studies were identified. The overall respective changes in SER and AL, mean difference (95% CI) were high‐concentration (≥0.5%) atropine 0.67 D (0.58–0.77) and −0.24 mm (−0.36 to −0.11); moderate‐concentration (>0.05% to <0.5%) atropine 0.48 D (0.34–0.62) and −0.23 mm (−0.27 to −0.19); low‐concentration (0.01%, 0.025%, 0.05%) atropine 0.33 D (0.23–0.43) and −0.14 mm (−0.19 to −0.09); orthokeratology −0.47 mm (−0.66 to −0.28); peripheral plus soft contact lenses 0.30 D (0.18–0.42) and −0.35 mm (−0.62 to −0.08); peripheral plus spectacles 0.77 D (0.40–1.14) and −0.43 mm (−0.78 to −0.08); multifocal spectacles 0.21 D (0.11–0.31); repeated low‐level red light therapy 0.55 D (0.46–0.65) and −0.25 mm (−0.29 to −0.20); outdoor time 0.17 D (0.16–0.18) and −0.04 mm (−0.06 to −0.01).ConclusionHigh and moderate concentrations of atropine, orthokeratology, peripheral plus spectacles and repeated low‐level red light demonstrated clinically significant effects on slowing AL elongation, while high and moderate concentrations of atropine, peripheral plus spectacles and repeated low‐level red light demonstrated clinically significant effects on slowing SER progression.

Is hip adductor or abductor strength in healthy athletes associated with future groin pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo systematically review the association between hip adduction and abduction strength, and adduction-to-abduction strength ratio in healthy athletes with the occurrence of future groin pain and time-loss groin injuries.DesignSystematic review...

Abstract 4136969: Empagliflozin's Role in Post-Myocardial Infarction Management: Insights from a Meta-Analysis

Background: Empagliflozin, a Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor, is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure. Its safety and efficacy in patients with Myocardial Infarction (MI) have been studied recently. Research Questions/Hypothesis: What is the role of Empagliflozin in post-myocardial infarction management by preventing cardiovascular deaths, reducing hospitalization due to heart failure, and minimizing adverse events? Goals/Aims: Role of Empagliflozin in post-myocardial infarction management by preventing cardiovascular deaths, reducing hospitalization due to heart failure, and minimizing adverse events Methods: A literature search was done on PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception until May 2024. All Randomized Control Trials (RCT) reporting the safety and efficacy of Empagliflozin in MI management were selected. Outcomes were pooled as Mean Difference (MD) or Risk Ratio (RR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) in this meta-analysis using Revman 5.4. Results: Data from ten RCTs, with a combined sample size of 10,560 patients was pooled, and showed that Empagliflozin is superior to placebo in terms of Cardiovascular death (RR=0.75, 95% CI [0.64, 0.88],p < 0.0004) and hospitalization due to heart failure (RR=0.70, 95% CI [0.59, 0.82], p < 0.0001). However, the results were non-significant for both groups in terms of adverse events (RR=1.00, 95% CI [0.96, 1.03], p < 0.78). Conclusion: Empagliflozin significantly lowers the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with MI who are at a high risk of death due to cardiovascular causes.

Investigating the Association Between Traffic-related Air Pollution (PM2.5 and Benzene) and the Risk of Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background and aims: Asthma is a chronic disease that causes respiratory system inflammation. Recently, traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), especially particulate matter (PM2.5) and benzene, has been considered a factor that may increase the risk of asthma. This study investigated the association between TRAP (PM2.5 and benzene) and asthma risk. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the relevant published data were collected by searching the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases up to November 2022. The study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale checklist. The data were analyzed using Stata software (version 14), and the significance level in this meta-analysis study was considered to be<0.05. Results: In the first search, 4,909 and 4,825 studies were extracted for PM2.5 and benzene, respectively. After evaluating and considering the search criteria, 25 and 4 studies remained for PM2.5 and benzene, respectively. For PM2.5, the odds ratio (OR) for developing asthma in the TRAP-exposed group compared to the unexposed group was 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.19, P=0.002). For benzene, the OR of developing asthma in the exposed group was 1.19 when compared to the unexposed group (95% CI: 1.10-1.29, P<0.001). Conclusion: Based on this review study, there was a positive association between TRAP exposure and the development of asthma. The results confirmed that PM2.5 and benzene increase the risk of asthma.

Advancements in breast cancer management: a comprehensive review of ribociclib combined with endocrine therapy

Background: In this review, the complicated landscape of breast cancer management is explored with a focus on the promising synergies between ribociclib and endocrine therapy. Ribociclib mainly acts as a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor, which disrupts cell cycle progression necessary for tumor growth. This, in combination with endocrine therapy, aims to produce hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, which is a very relevant subtype with challenging therapeutics. Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted using multiple databases, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, covering the period from January 1990 to May 2024. Results: Pharmacokinetic studies underscore the efficacy and tolerability of ribociclib, thus providing vital information for dose adjustments, particularly among patients with renal and hepatic impairments. Ribociclib’s value in extending progression-free survival and improving overall survival has been shown by clinical trials such as the MONALEESA series. Quality of life considerations and patient-reported outcomes from these trials indicate that ribociclib has a broader effect on the well-being of the patients. However, despite the success experienced by this drug in clinical practice, it still has some side effects, including hematologic toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and thromboembolism associated with it. Ribociclib resistance mechanisms are multifaceted mixtures comprising genetic variations or mutations, compensatory signaling pathways, and epigenomic changes. While overcoming resistance remains challenging, ongoing research seeks to reconcile. Conclusion: Ribociclib combined with endocrine therapy represents a significant advancement in breast cancer treatment, albeit with challenges that necessitate ongoing research and holistic patient care approaches.