Web Mashups Research Articles

Deep Neural Network Security Collaborative Filtering Scheme for Service Recommendation in Intelligent Cyber–Physical Systems

Cyber–physical systems (CPSs) is a security real-time embedded system. CPS integrates the information sensed by the current physical sensors, through high-speed real-time transmission, and then carries out powerful information processing to effectively interact and integrate the physical and the information worlds. With the aim to improve the quality of service, optimize the existing physical space, and increase security, collaborative filtering algorithms have also been widely used in various recommendation models for Internet of Things (IoT) services. However, general collaborative filtering algorithms cannot capture complex interactive information in the sparse Mashup–Web service call matrix, which leads to lower recommendation performance. Based on the artificial intelligence technology, this study proposes a recommendation algorithm for a security collaborative filtering service that integrates content similarity. A security collaborative filtering module is used to capture the complex interaction information between Mashup and Web services. By applying the content similarity module to extract the semantic similarity information between the Mashup and Web services, the two modules are seamlessly integrated into a deep neural network to accurately and quickly predict the rating information of Mashup for the Web services. Real data set on the intelligent CPS is captured and then compared with mainstream service recommendation algorithms. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm not only efficiently completes the Web service recommendation task under the premise of sparse data but also shows better accuracy, effectivity, and privacy. Thus, the proposed method is highly suitable for the application of intelligence CPS.

Design and Implementation of a Web-Based System to Support Collective Reflective Practice

The objective of this paper is to describe the design case of a web-based system that aims to facilitate the collective reflective practice of a learning group in an academic setting. The technical infrastructure of the system is fully implemented using free web services, which requires minimum technical knowledge or expertise. A key technical component of the proposed system is a web mash-up hub node that filters and aggregates the relevant posts coming from the participating members’ blogs. The overall design process, including the theoretical inspiration, the context, and the implementation, is presented in full detail. This design case can be utilized to inform and inspire other educators or reflective practitioners to design similar systems.

A General and Systematic Approach to Web Mashup Security

A General and Systematic Approach to Web Mashup Security

Retracted: Semantic Information Integration with Linked Data Mashups Approaches

The introduction of semantic web and Linked Data helps facilitate sharing of data on the Internet more easily. Subsequently, the resource description framework (RDF) is the standard in publishing structured data resources on the Internet and is used in interconnecting with other data resources. To remedy the data integration issues of the traditional web mashups, the semantic web technology uses the Linked Data based on RDF data model as the unified data model for combining, aggregating, and transforming data from heterogeneous data resources to build Linked Data mashups. There have been tremendous amounts of efforts of semantic web community to enable Linked Data mashups but there is still lack of a systematic survey on concepts, technologies, applications, and challenges. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate in detail semantic mashups research and application approaches in the information integration. This paper also presents a Linked Data mashup application as an illustration of the proposed approa...

An environment for End-User Development of Web mashups

End-User Development aims to find novel ways that are suitable and intuitive for end users to create their own applications. We present a graphical environment in which users create new mashups by directly selecting interaction elements, content and functionalities from existing Web applications without requiring the intervention of expert developers. Then, users just need to exploit a copy–paste metaphor to indicate how to compose the selected interactive content and functionalities in the new mashup. The environment is enabled by a Web-based platform accessible from any browser, and is suitable for users without particular programming skills. We describe the architecture of our platform and how it works, including its intelligent support, show example applications, and report the results of first user studies.

Resolving Web Services Mismatch in Mashup

Web Service Mismatch is a major aspect of web mashup problem. To reduce burden of resolving the mismatch for end-users, the approaches proposed in the literature used a mapping solution to resolve service mismatch. However, without structural information, these approaches would lead to inaccuracy. Here, we propose a structure-based data-mediation approach to improve accuracy. We model service mismatch problem as sub-tree homeomorphism problem and use approximate labelled sub-tree homeomorphism algorithm to resolve the mismatch. The paper presents a case to explain how data-mediation works and solves ambiguity caused by other approaches. We also conduct related tests to evaluate our work.

Building a Low-Cost Geographic Website for Collecting Citizen Science Contributions

In 2004, shortly after the introduction of Google Maps, Paul Rademacher created the first web mashup mapping housing data from Craigslist. Since then, web mapping has become ubiquitous on websites and mobile applications in many realms, including social networking, collaborative mapping, and citizen science. During this time, web mapping technologies have developed rapidly. A wide variety of new software from both private vendors and open source collaborators has made the barrier to entry for web mapping platforms relatively easy to overcome. Using this technology can assist geography researchers to collect information from citizen scientists. In this project, we explore different low-cost, low-barrier options of web technologies for citizen science websites. Using this information, we created a website to collect volunteered information about low water crossing hazards perceptions in central Texas. Choosing the right combination of software to implement a geographic citizen science project requires understanding the basics behind web portals. Web mapping portals are built on a GeoStack, or the layers of database and storage, data server, imagery server, and viewer that allow seamless integration of web portal technologies. We present the most popular open source software choices for each GeoStack layer and a comparison of the features for these products. For our project collecting low water crossing hazard information, we selected a combination of WordPress blogging software and a Google Maps plug-in called GeoMashup. The software allows users to submit possible low water crossings as point data in addition to descriptions and photos. Other users can comment and verify locations. A group of undergraduate students, some with geographic information system (GIS) experience and some without, tested the software for usability. The results indicate that the software is easy to use for most students regardless of GIS experience. Using such a portal should allow applied geography researchers to work with citizen scientists to collect photos and information about a wide variety of geographic phenomena.

A novel methodology towards a trusted environment in mashup web applications

A mashup is a web-based application developed through aggregation of data from different public external or internal sources (including trusted and untrusted). Mashup introduces an open environment that is exposed to many security vulnerabilities, threats and risks. These weaknesses will bring security to the forefront when developing mashup applications and will require new ways of identifying and managing said risks. The primary goal of this paper is to present a client side mashup security framework to ensure that the sources for mashup applications are tested and secured against malicious intrusions. This framework is based on risk analysis and mashup source classification that will examine, analyze and evaluate the data transitions between the server-side and the client-side. Risk filtering using data mining suggests a new data mining technique also be utilized to enhance the quality of the risk analysis by removing most of the false risks. This approach is called the Risk Filtering Data Mining algorithm (RFDM). The RFDM framework deals with three types of clusters (trusted, untrusted and hesitation or unknown) to handle the hesitation clusters. Our proposal is to employ Atanassov's Instuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (A-IFs) as it improves the results of an URL. Finally, the results would be evaluated based on five experimental measures generated by a confusion matrix, namely: Accuracy (AC), recall or true positive rate (TP), precision (P), F-measure (considers both precision and recall) and Fβ.

Implementing the Main Functionalities Required by Semantic Search in Decision-Support Systems

This paper exploits different semantic web technologies and builds a prototype of semantic web mashup functionality based on an architecture proposed by us. The main scope is to improve decision-making processes. In this paper, we are focusing on querying different ontologies in order to improve decision-making semantic search. As a conclusion, we demonstrate that in order to improve decision-making semantic search there is a need of special constructions that a query language must support.

Peer-to-Peer Orchestration of Web Mashups

Web mashups are web applications built on top of external web services through their open APIs. As mashups are becoming increasingly complex, there is a need for systematic support for their development and orchestration. This paper presents a peer-to-peer approach to mashup orchestration where a network of agents carries out orchestration using continuation-passing messaging. The approach supports exception handling and recovery. Our experimental results show clear performance gains of the approach over traditional centralized orchestration in service-oriented computing and orchestration done by application servers hosting mashups.

Retracted: Semantic Information Integration with Linked Data Mashups Approaches

The introduction of semantic web and Linked Data helps facilitate sharing of data on the Internet more easily. Subsequently, the resource description framework (RDF) is the standard in publishing structured data resources on the Internet and is used in interconnecting with other data resources. To remedy the data integration issues of the traditional web mashups, the semantic web technology uses the Linked Data based on RDF data model as the unified data model for combining, aggregating, and transforming data from heterogeneous data resources to build Linked Data mashups. There have been tremendous amounts of efforts of semantic web community to enable Linked Data mashups but there is still lack of a systematic survey on concepts, technologies, applications, and challenges. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate in detail semantic mashups research and application approaches in the information integration. This paper also presents a Linked Data mashup application as an illustration of the proposed approaches.

On the benefits of providing versioning support for end users

End users with little formal programming background are creating software in many different forms, including spreadsheets, web macros, and web mashups. Web mashups are particularly popular because they are relatively easy to create, and because many programming environments that support their creation are available. These programming environments, however, provide no support for tracking versions or provenance of mashups. We believe that versioning support can help end users create, understand, and debug mashups. To investigate this belief, we have added versioning support to a popular wire-oriented mashup environment, Yahoo! Pipes. Our enhanced environment, which we call “Pipes Plumber,” automatically retains versions of pipes and provides an interface with which pipe programmers can browse histories of pipes and retrieve specific versions. We have conducted two studies of this environment: an exploratory study and a larger controlled experiment. Our results provide evidence that versioning helps pipe programmers create and debug mashups. Subsequent qualitative results provide further insights into the barriers faced by pipe programmers, the support for reuse provided by our approach, and the support for debugging provided.

Identification, Impact, and Refactoring of Smells in Pipe-Like Web Mashups

With the emergence of tools to support visual mashup creation, tens of thousands of users have started to access, manipulate, and compose data from web sources. We have observed, however, that mashups created by these users tend to suffer from deficiencies that propagate as mashups are reused, which happens frequently. To address these deficiencies, we would like to bring some of the benefits of software engineering techniques to the end users creating these programs. In this work, we focus on identifying code smells indicative of the deficiencies we observed in web mashups programmed in the popular Yahoo! Pipes environment. Through an empirical study, we explore the impact of those smells on the preferences of 61 users, and observe that a significant majority of users prefer mashups without smells. We then introduce refactorings targeting those smells. These refactorings reduce the complexity of the mashup programs, increase their abstraction, update broken data sources and dated components, and standardize their structures to fit the community development patterns. Our assessment of a sample of over 8,000 mashups shows that smells are present in 81 percent of them and that the proposed refactorings can reduce the number of smelly mashups to 16 percent, illustrating the potential of refactoring to support the thousands of end-users programming mashups. Further, we explore how the smells and refactorings can apply to other end-user programming domains to show the generalizability of our approach.

Data-driven synthesis of multiple recommendation patterns to create situational Web mashups

As a typical situational application, Web mashup reflects and accommodates some key features of Internetware paradigm. Mashup provides a development fashion that integrates data, computation and UI elements from multiple resources into a single Web application, and promises the quick rollout of creating potential new functionalities opportunistically. This paper focuses on the problem of recommending useful suggestions for developing data-driven mashups by synthesis of multiple patterns. We present a rapid and intuitive system called iMashupAdvisor, for aiding mashup development based on a novel automated suggestion mechanism. The key observation guiding the development of iMashupAdvisor is that mashups developed by different users might share some common patterns, for instance, selecting similar mashup components for similar goals, and gluing them in a similar manner. Such patterns could reside in multiple sources, e.g., the data dependency between mashup components, the interaction between users and mashup components, or the collective intelligence from existing applications created and maintained by programmers, etc. iMashupAdvisor leverages the synthesis of these patterns to recommend useful suggestions for a partial mashup, such as the missing components, connections between them, or potentially relevant options, to assist mashup completion. This paper presents the data model and ranking metrics of the synthesis process, and introduces efficient algorithms for the retrieval of recommendations. We also experimentally demonstrate the efficiency of our approach for benefiting the proposed rapid mashup development.

A secure proxy-based cross-domain communication for web mashups

A web mashup is a web application that integrates content from heterogeneous sources to provide users with an integrated and seamless browsing experience. Client-side mashups differ from server-sid...

IMashup: a mashup-based framework for service composition

The Web has undergone a tremendous change from a primarily publication platform towards a participatory and “programmable” platform, where a large number of heterogeneous Web-delivered services (including SOAP and RESTful Web services, RSS and Atom feeds) are emerging. It results in the creation of Web mashup applications with rich user experiences. However, the integration of Web-delivered services is still a challenging issue. It not only requires the developers’ tedious efforts in understanding and coordinating heterogeneous service types, but also results in the time-consuming development of user interfaces. In this paper, we propose the iMashup composition framework to facilitate mashup development and deployment. We provide a unified mashup component model for the common representation of heterogeneous Web-delivered service interfaces. The component model specifies necessary properties and behaviors at both business and user interface level. We associate the component model with semantically meaningful tags, so that mashup developers can fast understand the service capabilities. The mashup developers can search and put the proper mashup components into the Web browser based composition environment, and connect them by data flows based on the tag-based semantics. Such an integration manner might prevent some low-level programming efforts and improve the composition efficiency. A series of experimental study are conducted to evaluate our framework.

Interactive Voice Response Mashup System for Service Enhancement

Mashup service is common in the realm of web development. Mashup, generally, is a web page that sources two or more data sources to create a new and an improved service. While mashup service is a common phenomenon in the web development scenario, there is no such mashup for services that are based on voice user interface in the Interactive Voice Response (IVR) systems. IVR based telephony services have been popular because they are an easy and a convenient means to inquire, seek information or book services. At the same time frequently used service, like taxi usually has multiple service operators. Though the Same Service is provided by Multiple Operators (SSMO) to the end user, their access points are different and require the user to choose a particular service operator to call. Unlike a web portal or a web mashup, there is no way for the user to comparatively and simultaneously check the offerings from SSMO and choose the best among them. This paper describes a novel approach, based on a recent patent, to create a mashup service by integrating two or more IVR services. Keywords: IVR Mashup, User experience, Telephony channel, service integration.

A Lightweight Platform for Web Mashups in Immersive Mirror Worlds

Cloud City Scene is a lightweight platform that enables visualizations of Web mashups in an immersive mirror-world environment in which annotations blend in with buildings, terrain, and objects, letting users interact with the underlying real-world scene.

MAIZ: A web Mashup Application for Information services to citiZens during Disaster Situations

In this paper is presented an information system based on Web Mashup application for offering various information services in disaster situation (floods). This system will allow damaged citizens wearing mobile devices to discover services such as: emergency shelters and housing, flooded neighborhood, collection centers, river level, red cross, flood-damaged roads, jammed roads, and so on; these citizens could be suffering from crisis due to flood damage. We consider the possibility of designing an information system based on Web Mashup application to make use of several contents retrieved from external data sources and maps to create services for guiding people who cannot be found by their families, rescuing injured people, helping people who need to be rescued from their inundated homes, moving people to hospitals or emergency shelters, and other available services near their current location. The aim of this work is to propose a framework based on existing services to able to support a complete set of services to alert people in risk situation, help and rescue people affected by a natural disaster. This is the main difference with related works such as those been proposed in the context of Katrina flood in New Orleans.

Proposing a context-aware enterprise mashup readiness assessment framework

Web mashups have received a lot of attention recently as more enterprises are engaged in enterprise 2.0 initiatives. So far, there is insufficient research on the adoption and diffusion of Web mashups in an enterprise context. In this paper, we discussed the benefits and issues associated with enterprise mashups. We proposed a context-aware enterprise mashup readiness assessment framework to help enterprise managers and decision makers determine their needs and readiness for enterprise mashups. A case study was conducted to verify the usefulness of the proposed framework. The results show that our work can be used to guide enterprises with their decision making for the adoption of enterprise mashups and thus contribute to the development of a rigorous strategy for enterprise mashup adoption, development and diffusion.