Web Map Research Articles

GeoGraphViz: Geographically constrained 3D force‐directed graph for knowledge graph visualization

AbstractKnowledge graphs are a key technique for linking and integrating cross‐domain data, concepts, tools, and knowledge to enable data‐driven analytics. As much of the world's data have become massive in size, visualizing graph entities and their interrelationships intuitively and interactively has become a crucial task for ingesting and better utilizing graph content to support semantic reasoning, discovering hidden knowledge discovering, and better scientific understanding of geophysical and social phenomena. Despite the fact that many such phenomena (e.g., disasters) have clear spatial footprints and geographic properties, their location information is considered only as a textual label in existing graph visualization tools, limiting their capability to reveal the geospatial distribution patterns of the graph nodes. In addition, most graph visualization techniques rely on 2D graph visualization, which constrains the dimensions of information that can be presented and lacks support for graph structure examination from multiple angles. To tackle the above challenges, we developed a novel 3D map‐based graph visualization algorithm to enable interactive exploration of graph content and patterns in a spatially explicit manner. The algorithm extends a 3D force directed graph by integrating a web map, an additional geolocational force, and a force balancing variable that allows for the dynamic adjustment of the 3D graph structure and layout. This mechanism helps create a balanced graph view between the semantic forces among the graph nodes and the attractive force from a geolocation to a graph node. Our solution offers a new perspective in visualizing and understanding spatial entities and events in a knowledge graph.

LionVu: A Data-Driven Geographical Web-GIS Tool for Community Health and Decision-Making in a Catchment Area.

In 2018, the Penn State Cancer Institute developed LionVu, a web mapping tool to educate and inform community health professionals about the cancer burden in Pennsylvania and its catchment area of 28 counties in central Pennsylvania. LionVu, redesigned in 2023, uses several open-source JavaScript libraries (i.e., Leaflet, jQuery, Chroma, Geostats, DataTables, and ApexChart) to allow public health researchers the ability to map, download, and chart 21 publicly available datasets for clinical, educational, and epidemiological audiences. County and census tract data used in choropleth maps were all downloaded from the sources website and linked to Pennsylvania and catchment area county and census tract geographies, using a QGIS plugin and Leaflet JavaScript. Two LionVu demonstrations are presented, and 10 other public health related web-GIS applications are reviewed. LionVu fills a role in the public health community by allowing clinical, educational, and epidemiological audiences the ability to visualize and utilize health data at various levels of aggregation and geographical scales (i.e., county, or census tracts). Also, LionVu is a novel application that can translate and can be used, for mapping and graphing purposes. A dialog to demonstrate the potential value of web-based GIS to a wider audience, in the public health research community, is needed.

Disparities in the Health Benefits of Urban Green/Blue Space: A Case Study from Shandong Province, China

This study examined the relationships between different types of urban green and blue space (UGS/UBS) and self-reported health (SRH), and the disparities in the health benefits associated with them. Using data from a social survey in Shandong Province and multi-source data including remote sensing land use and vector polygons of parks from map service providers, we measured the proximity and coverage ratio of various UGS/UBS types. The Euclidean distance measures the proximity of homes to parks and rivers. The coverage ratio measures the total green space, forests, grassland, and freshwater. The health benefits were gauged by SRH. We found that the proximity to parks and rivers had a positive influence on the SRH of all the respondents. For the elderly, the proximity to parks and the coverage ratio of total green space and grassland within a 0.5 km circular buffer were significantly associated with SRH. The coverage ratio of the total green space and grassland both had positive relationships with the SRH of the high-income groups. The closer they were to rivers, the healthier the youth and females were. Our results suggest that urban planners should take the types of UGS/UBS into account to create a better living environment that optimally benefits residents’ SRH.

Humanistic Pesantren: Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Visualization Analysis on Character, Moral, and Ethical Values

This research presents a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of the studies on character education in Indonesian Islamic boarding schools from Scopus datasets from 2011 to 2020. With a determined flow diagram and interactive Vosviewer visualization, the urgent goals are to describe the important elements of the bibliography, i.e., publication trends, the collaboration of the authors (co-authorship), and the terms used in the title and abstract (co-occurrence). It also synthesizes applied methods and classifies noble moral values. The summary of the findings are (1) networks visualization shows detailed links for mapping the status of topics that have or have not been widely explored or discussed, (2) many names are grouped, which means that they are working together, (3) the co-occurrence visualization shows the most dominant keyword is “Islamic boarding school,” (4) the instilling methods are classified as role models (exemplary), habituation, media-assisted, and integrated daily activities, and (5) the humanitarian values are classified as religious, friendliness, communication, environmental and social awareness, also responsibility. This SLR and BA’s major contribution is an extensive summary of the systematic classification and mapping of character, moral, and ethical values, and methods, as well as of the relevant literature. The growth of these developing topics is a recommendation for researchers to integrate methods in multi-disciplines and for achieving typical positive values. Finally, this review provides ideas and recommendations for determining the direction of further research. By examining connected or disconnected networks, readers may independently research using online mapping to generate fresh study ideas.

PROBLEMATYKA GROMADZENIA, PRZETWARZANIA I UDOSTĘPNIANIA DANYCH GEOPRZESTRZENNYCH

Aim of the study: The paper describes the problems of collecting, processing and sharing geospatial data on the example of the National Geodetic and Cartographic Resource (GUGiK). The Central Office of Geodesy and Cartography (GUGiK), on the basis of the acquired data, prepares spatial databases for the whole country, such as the database of topographic objects (BDOT) or the numerical terrain model. These data are used for further studies, environmental analyses such as hydrographic or sozological maps of Poland. Material and methods: The article indicates what functionalities and, above all, what geospatial data are collected in the geoportal, a government map service managed by the General Office of Geodesy and Cartography. The study included a survey of the geoportal. The purpose of the survey was to obtain information on whether this service is known to potential audiences seeking information on spatial data. Results and conclusions: The survey proved that the geoportal is a popular service used to display and process spatial data. Survey respondents use a lot of the data collected in the geoportal and take advantage of its functionality. Finally, an analysis was carried out of data obtained from the District Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation Center of Małopolska regarding the number of notifications of geodetic works, the number of applications for access to materials from the PZGiK, and the number of applications for extracts or extracts from the cadastral record - for the period 2014-2019.

German Toponyms in Georgia

Toponyms contain essential historical and geographical information. When quantitative and qualitative data are included in the study of toponyms, geodatabases are very convenient. Georgia is one of the noblest countries, where over a long history, various national minorities left their mark, which was also reflected in toponyms. Based on the importance of toponyms, we started creating geodatabases, where spatial and statistical data are collected. The article discusses new toponyms and their changes in relation to the latest migration processes in the history of Georgia. These toponyms are German settlements in Georgia. More than 200 years have passed since the creation of the first German settlement in the country. Within the research framework, a database was created where alphanumeric and population census data of different periods are included. Finally, the data is displayed on a digital online map, where all available data can be viewed.

Settlement of Defaults in the Implementation of Agreements for the Use of Mapping Services with Drones on Mapping Services Drones Indonesia (MSDI)

Settlement of Defaults in the Implementation of Agreements for the Use of Mapping Services with Drones on Mapping Services Drones Indonesia (MSDI)

A Public Participation GIS for Geodiversity and Geosystem Services Mapping in a Mountain Environment: A Case from Grayson County, Virginia, U.S.A.

Geodiversity and geosystem services are essential concepts for conservation efforts in mountain regions. Approaches that integrate both natural and human dimensions of mountain abiotic nature are best suited for this purpose; however, geodiversity research and associated conservation efforts along this vein are still developing. Here, we explore the potential of a public participation GIS, which integrates qualitative surveys with quantitative geodiversity information, to assess possible relationships between geodiversity and geosystem services for Grayson County, Virginia, U.S.A. Specifically, we: (1) used a geodiversity index to model geodiversity for the study area, (2) used a public participation GIS to map geosystem services markers, and (3) visualized geodiversity–geosystem services hotspots to uncover potential relationships between geodiversity and geosystem services values. Participants placed 318 markers, most frequently representing aesthetic (32%), artistic (22%), and educational (15%) geosystem services values. The majority (55%) of these markers corresponded to low and very low quantitative geodiversity index scores. Geosystem services value markers were clustered around population centers and protected areas. Although quantitative geodiversity measures are often used to identify and prioritize areas for conservation, our results suggest that locations valued by respondents would be missed using quantitative metrics alone. This research thus supports the need for holistic approaches incorporating place values to conserve and best understand relationships between people and abiotic aspects of mountain landscapes.

Settlement of Defaults in the Implementation of Agreements for the Use of Mapping Services with Drones on Mapping Services Drones Indonesia (MSDI)

In general, natural human needs are divided into two, namely primary needs and secondary needs. Primary needs are absolute basic needs such as clothing, food and shelter. Meanwhile, secondary needs are needs related to creating a prosperous life such as economic needs. One form of welfare life created by humans is technology. Technology is a concept related to the type of use and knowledge of tools and skills. Various business people utilize technology as a business field, one of which is Mapping Services Drone Indonesia (MSDI). MSDI uses drone technology to provide mapping services. In the transaction between business actors and clients, an agreement arises. Therefore, researchers are interested in discussing two formulations, namely: 1) how is the concept of drone agreement standards in providing balance for various parties? 2) How is the default settlement procedure in the implementation of the agreement on the use of mapping services with drones at Mapping Services Drone Indonesia (MSDI)? This research uses normative legal research methods, namely collecting and analyzing secondary data using secondary data sources only, namely books related to the problem, related laws and regulations, related court decisions, legal theories and relevant scholars' doctrines, and case studies related to legal issues. Although this type of research is normative law, this research also uses purposive sampling technique, which is one of the sampling methodologies used in research to achieve research objectives. The purposive sampling technique used in the research is obtained from Mapping Services Drone Indonesia (MSDI). The theories used are the theory of responsibility and the theory of legal protection. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the agreement provided by the service provider / MSDI to the service recipient / client has fulfilled the principle of balance, such as the rights and obligations of each party, the payment system, and an explanation of risk sharing. This avoids conflicts of interest or possible risks in the future. In the context of the agreement, default resolution can be done in non-litigation or litigation. However, until now the default settlement can still be resolved in a non-litigation / peaceful manner.

Searching for Scalable Networks in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Infrastructure Using Spatio-Attack Course-of-Action

Unmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly being applied to various applications for a variety purposes, such as delivery, communication relay, mapping, and surveillance services. Through these, it is possible to provide flexible and stable network services. Unmanned aerial vehicles perform a wide range of tasks using Internet-of-Things technology, which needs Internet access. These internet connections, however, make it more possible for attackers to execute various security attacks on unmanned aerial vehicles. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the attack behavior of the adversary, which is called “course-of-action”, to preserve security in the unmanned aerial vehicle infrastructure. Based on learned data, the existing course-of-action method has the drawback of not functioning on various networks. As a result, in this paper, we propose a novel heuristic search-based algorithm to apply to various unmanned aerial vehicle infrastructures. The algorithm can build the optimal heuristic functions in various unmanned aerial vehicle network environments to explore the attack course-of-action and design the optimal attack paths to maximize total reward. Applying the proposed algorithm in two unmanned aerial vehicle network scenarios allowed us to confirm that the best attack path is well established.

A new method for constructing roads map in forest area using UAV images

High definition map is a map used for automatic driving. Its absolute precision is sub meter level, that is, the error between the position of an element on the map and the position of the element in the real world is less than 100 cm. In addition, compared with ordinary maps, high definition maps contain more geographic information, such as road width, slope, curvature, etc. At present, high definition roads map construction is largely for the main traffic road. However, there are few studies on the construction of high definition forest roads map for forestry production and management. Thus, it is imperative and helpful to explore an efficient and low-cost method for constructing high definition forest roads map that can provide accurate basic map services for forestry management activities. In this study, firstly, the DJI Phantom 4 RTK UAV was used for aerial photography to obtain the forest oblique images. Then, combined with close range photogrammetry, the high-resolution images under the forest are acquired and generated into dense point cloud images. Next, the two images are fused using iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm combined with manual registration; Finally, the fine-grained 3D scene model is generated by using the Context Capture 3D modeling software, based on which a high definition forest roads map was constructed using human-computer interaction model. Taking Menggongshan Forest Farm as an example, the construction of the fine 3D scene model was carried out to solve the problem of loopholes and ambiguities of the road model under forest, based on which the high definition forest roads map was constructed. To evaluate the accuracy of the forest roads map, the accuracy check was conducted. The results showed that the point position on the forest roads map, compared to the actual point, had a medium, minimum and maximum error of 0.076 m, 0.020 m and 0.170 m in plane, respectively, a medium, minimum and maximum error of 0.122 m, 0.005 m and -0.214 m in elevation, respectively. The accuracy of the high definition forest roads map meets the need of forestry production and management activities. It is feasible to adopt the method of UAV oblique photogrammetry combined with close-range photogrammetry, fine 3D scene model construction and human-computer interactive for constructing high definition forest road map. And this method can provide a low-cost and high-efficiency way for constructing high definition forest roads map, and also can better provide basic map data for forest management activities.

Service Mapping and Scheduling With Uncertain Processing Time in Network Function Virtualization

Service Mapping and Scheduling With Uncertain Processing Time in Network Function Virtualization

Mobility and Congestion in Urban India

We develop a methodology to estimate robust city-level vehicular speed indices, exactly decomposable into uncongested speed and congestion. We apply it to 180 Indian cities using 57 million simulated trips measured by a web mapping service. We verify the reliability of our simulated trips using a number of alternative data sources, including data on actual trips. We find wide variation in speed across cities that is driven more by differences in uncongested speed than congestion. Denser and more populated cities are slower, only in part because of congestion. Urban economic development is correlated with faster speed despite worse congestion. (JEL O15, O18, R23, R41)

The Use of Web GIS in The Rapid Evaluation Process of The Post-Earthquake Urban Building Stock

Map Application Programming Interfaces and Geographical Information Systems have been actively used to manage direct and analyze after-crisis spatial data. The use of GIS and cloud-based technologies has made spatial data analysis easier. Additionally, GIS and its components were increasingly used instead of conventional methods for damage assessment. The main purpose of the research is to exhibit the utility of web GIS software on damage assessments in the city after the 24 January 2020 Elazig Earthquake. The utility of web maps has been exhibited particularly in terms of collection, analysis, and access of end-user. In this particular research, ArcGIS software and web service have been used. The research has three phases: creating a database, uploading to web services, and creating web maps. Additionally, the building attribute data has been collected from onsite measurements to create a database, which is used in a rapid evaluation method for the detection of risky buildings in Elazig. Building attribute data collection and results of rapid evaluation method have been achieved as outcomes of the project called ‘The Creation of the information bank framework to Influence Urban Transformation and Earthquake Risk Maps for the Center Neighborhoods of the Elazig City’ project. In the last part, Elazig Building Information and Management System (EBİS), based on ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS Enterprise, was created with the base of GIS. As result, the structural condition of the buildings examined and how the buildings will perform under a probable destructive earthquake.

Pembuatan Peta Online Obyek Wisata dengan Google My Maps

This research is motivated by current technological advances, especially information technology which has been able to change people's habits in their daily activities. Starting from business information processing activities, education, to the process of fulfilling daily needs that can be met with internet technology. In this study, an online map of tourist objects was created with Google My Maps with sample data, namely tourist objects in Pacitan Regency. The results of this study are an online map of tourist objects in Pacitan Regency which can be used as a promotional medium in accordance with current technological advances, and also with this Online Map it is hoped that it can increase the number of tourist visits to Pacitan Regency which will increase local revenue. from the tourism sector

OSM-SLAM: Aiding SLAM with OpenStreetMaps priors.

In the last decades, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) proved to be a fundamental topic in the field of robotics, due to the many applications, ranging from autonomous driving to 3D reconstruction. Many systems have been proposed in literature exploiting a heterogeneous variety of sensors. State-of-the-art methods build their own map from scratch, using only data coming from the equipment of the robot, and not exploiting possible reconstructions of the environment. Moreover, temporary loss of data proves to be a challenge for SLAM systems, as it demands efficient re-localization to continue the localization process. In this paper, we present a SLAM system that exploits additional information coming from mapping services like OpenStreetMaps, hence the name OSM-SLAM, to face these issues. We extend an existing LiDAR-based Graph SLAM system, ART-SLAM, making it able to integrate the 2D geometry of buildings in the trajectory estimation process, by matching a prior OpenStreetMaps map with a single LiDAR scan. Each estimated pose of the robot is then associated with all buildings surrounding it. This association allows to improve localization accuracy, but also to adjust possible mistakes in the prior map. The pose estimates coming from SLAM are then jointly optimized with the constraints associated with the various OSM buildings, which can assume one of the following types: Buildings are always fixed (Prior SLAM); buildings surrounding a robot are movable in chunks, for every scan (Rigid SLAM); and every single building is free to move independently from the others (Non-rigid SLAM). Lastly, OSM maps can also be used to re-localize the robot when sensor data is lost. We compare the accuracy of the proposed system with existing methods for LiDAR-based SLAM, including the baseline, also providing a visual inspection of the results. The comparison is made by evaluating the estimated trajectory displacement using the KITTI odometry dataset. Moreover, the experimental campaign, along with an ablation study on the re-localization capabilities of the proposed system and its accuracy in loop detection-denied scenarios, allow a discussion about how the quality of prior maps influences the SLAM procedure, which may lead to worse estimates than the baseline.

Worldwide Dissemination of blaKPC Gene by Novel Mobilization Platforms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Systematic Review.

The dissemination of blaKPC-harboring Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KPC-Pa) is considered a serious public health problem. This study provides an overview of the epidemiology of these isolates to try to elucidate novel mobilization platforms that could contribute to their worldwide spread. A systematic review in PubMed and EMBASE was performed to find articles published up to June 2022. In addition, a search algorithm using NCBI databases was developed to identify sequences that contain possible mobilization platforms. After that, the sequences were filtered and pair-aligned to describe the blaKPC genetic environment. We found 691 KPC-Pa isolates belonging to 41 different sequence types and recovered from 14 countries. Although the blaKPC gene is still mobilized by the transposon Tn4401, the non-Tn4401 elements (NTEKPC) were the most frequent. Our analysis allowed us to identify 25 different NTEKPC, mainly belonging to the NTEKPC-I, and a new type (proposed as IVa) was also observed. This is the first systematic review that consolidates information about the behavior of the blaKPC acquisition in P. aeruginosa and the genetic platforms implied in its successful worldwide spread. Our results show high NTEKPC prevalence in P. aeruginosa and an accelerated dynamic of unrelated clones. All information collected in this review was used to build an interactive online map.

Mapping Peer-Reviewed Scientific Studies on Plant Trait–Service Linkages Across Ecosystems: A Bibliometric Analysis

The concept of ‘ecosystem service’ has gained momentum in the twenty-first century to bridge the gap between human–nature interactions. However, the challenge remains to map the flow of ecosystem services (ES) for their efficient management. Among the multiple existing methods, biophysical assessments provide better knowledge of the state of the ecosystem and its mapping for complimentary services. Trait–service linkage is one of the tools to reliably link biodiversity with ES if we better understand the role functional traits play in the underlying ecosystem processes. In this paper, we have performed a bibliometric analysis of published literature on ES and plant functional traits to identify the current state of knowledge on trait–service linkage, biases, research gaps, and challenges. There was a skewed geographical basis for trait–service linkage studies; most studies were conducted in Europe and North America. The majority of the research focused on supporting and regulating ES, mainly carbon sequestration, biomass production, and climate regulation, using a particular set of vegetative traits, such as leaf, root, and plant height, and ignored most regeneration traits, except for a few flower traits. A matrix to quantify the association between ES and selected plant traits (specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, vegetation height, wood density, canopy density, root length, root density, flowering time, flower color and flower size) revealed that the two leaf traits (specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content) in the linkage have contrasting associations with multiple ES. The study illustrated that there is still a considerable research gap in linking plant traits with essential ES (biomass production, climate and water regulation). Thus, suggest future studies on ES should focus more on trait–service linkage across major ecosystems to underpin key ecosystem processes for better sustenance of ES and human well-being.

Design and implementation of a secure mobile phone-based route navigator (mGuide), adapted for the visually challenged people

This paper is focused on the development of a turn-by-turn voice navigation mobile application “mGuide” adapted for visually challenged people (VCP). The application was developed in response to the challenges of outdoor navigation by VCP. The application optimizes five map servers to give not only the best real-time routing at any instance but also faster loading and retrieval of route data into the phone’s storage. The destination points of the user are obtained in real time using open street maps and stored in the database. Once the destination has been set and mode of travel chosen, the software gives turn-by-turn voice navigation till the destination is reached. In addition, the application can be able to read inbox messages as they are received. Furthermore, the application gives an audio alert to the user in case of lost route and redirects the user using alternative route. Testing of the application was done using 9 totally blind students and 1 partially blind student from Kenyatta University in Kenya, who were successfully guided. In testing the performance of the whole system, no sound alerts between 0 and 10 m from the middle of the road were heard. However, as the user deviated more than the 10 m from the path, sound alerts are heard. In conclusion, sound alert due to wrong turn is averagely 5.23 s.

Identifying Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Traffic Congestion Using Data Obtained from Google Maps Service Traffic Image

تحلیل وضعیت ترافیکی و پیشنهاد روش‌های مدیریت جریان ترافیک نقش اساسی در ارزیابی عملکرد بسیاری از سیستم‌های حمل‌ونقلی ایفا می‌کند. در بین روش‌های جمع‌آوری داده‌های ترافیکی، رویکردهای مبتنی‌بر فنّاوری‌های نوین که امکان گرد‌آوری حجم بسیاری از داده‌های پویای زمانی‌ـ مکانی را فراهم می‌آورند و استخراج روندها و الگوها را تسهیل می‌کنند اهمیت بسیاری دارند. در این پژوهش، تهران به‌منزلة پایتخت ایران، با ویژگی‌های اقتصادی و اجتماعی خاصی که دارد و تنوع سفرها که به وضعیت ترافیکی متغیر منجر می‌شود، مطالعه شده است. داده‌های حاصل از پردازش رقومی تصاویر ترافیکی به‌دست‌آمده از سرویس نقشة گوگل در بازة زمانی پیوستة یک‌ماهه‌ای (هفدهم فروردین تا هفدهم اردیبهشت 1398)، نخستین بار به‌منظور ارزیابی روند تغییرات میانگین ازدحام ترافیکی در سطح نواحی منطقة مطالعاتی، به‌کار رفته است. پس از استخراج داده‌های اولیه و با توجه به تغییر الگوی سفرها و در نتیجه، میزان ازدحام ترافیکی، شاخص ازدحام ترافیکی (CI) به‌تفکیک در روزهای کاری و غیرکاری، محاسبه شد و به مرکز نواحی 117‌گانة شهر تهران اختصاص یافت. با استفاده از تحلیل‌های توصیفی روی کلان‌داده‌های مورد بررسی، ساعات اوج ازدحام ترافیکی در بازة زمانی مورد مطالعه استخراج شد. سپس شاخص Getis Ord، نواحی پرازدحام منطقة مطالعاتی را براساس ارزیابی خوشه‌های مکانی، مشخص کرد. همچنین ارتباط زمانی بین مقادیر ازدحادم ترافیکی، در برش‌های زمانی متفاوت طی کل بازة زمانی مورد مطالعه، با استفاده از آزمون آماری کروسکال والیس ارزیابی شد و فرض صفر مبتنی‌بر همبستگی بین مقادیر میانگین ازدحام و در نتیجه، همبستگی زمانی بین مقادیر تأیید شد. با استفاده از تحلیل‌های پوششی نقشه‌های ترافیکی نیز، خوشه‌های ترافیکی پرازدحام در سطح اطمینان 90%، در اوج صبح و عصر، به‌تفکیک روزهای کاری و غیرکاری استخراج شد. نتایج این پژوهش می‌تواند در اصلاح و بازنگری محدوده‌های ترافیکی مؤثر باشد و همچنین به تحلیل‌های مرتبط با آلودگی هوا، مطالعات در زمینة قیمت‌گذاری معابر و بررسی روند شکل‌گیری و انتشار گلوگاه‌های ترافیکی در بازه‌های زمانی دلخواه، یاری برساند.