Index Web Research Articles

Contribution of Turkish Articles About Emergency Medicine to The International Literature

Objective: This study aimed to present characteristics of internationally published articles about emergency medicine originating from Turkey between 2002-2012 years.Methods: For our evaluation, all articles about emergency medicine published in Science Citation Index and Science Citation Index Expanded between 2002-2012 years were included. The articles were categorized according to subjects, hospitals, departments, years. The International Scientific Indexing Web of Knowledge was searched for all articles.Results: A total of 1812 articles were included. Of all articles, 64,3% (n=1165) were published in the last five years. Publications in the last five years were detected to increase at a rate of 4,6% per year. 78,1% (n=1416) of the articles were published in non-Emergency Medicine journals. “Turkish Clinics” journal in the non-Emergency Medicine journals group, with 46 articles, and the "Turkish Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery" in the Emergency Medicine group, with 134 articles, were the preferred journals. The most popular subjects were trauma, at 14,7% (n=266), followed by emergency medicine and management, at 14% (n=253). Conclusion: Significant publication growth was detected related to the development of Emergency Medicine in Turkey. The preference of non- Emergency Medicine journals, trauma as the most popular subject, and the effect of university hospitals were the interesting results of this study. The low number of multicenter trials and published articles in high impact factor journals have led us to consider the importance of publication quality, which requires additional effort.

Reduced tillage, but not organic matter input, increased nematode diversity and food web stability in European long-term field experiments.

Soil nematode communities and food web indices can inform about the complexity, nutrient flows and decomposition pathways of soil food webs, reflecting soil quality. Relative abundance of nematode feeding and life‐history groups are used for calculating food web indices, i.e., maturity index (MI), enrichment index (EI), structure index (SI) and channel index (CI). Molecular methods to study nematode communities potentially offer advantages compared to traditional methods in terms of resolution, throughput, cost and time. In spite of such advantages, molecular data have not often been adopted so far to assess the effects of soil management on nematode communities and to calculate these food web indices. Here, we used high‐throughput amplicon sequencing to investigate the effects of tillage (conventional vs. reduced) and organic matter addition (low vs. high) on nematode communities and food web indices in 10 European long‐term field experiments and we assessed the relationship between nematode communities and soil parameters. We found that nematode communities were more strongly affected by tillage than by organic matter addition. Compared to conventional tillage, reduced tillage increased nematode diversity (23% higher Shannon diversity index), nematode community stability (12% higher MI), structure (24% higher SI), and the fungal decomposition channel (59% higher CI), and also the number of herbivorous nematodes (70% higher). Total and labile organic carbon, available K and microbial parameters explained nematode community structure. Our findings show that nematode communities are sensitive indicators of soil quality and that molecular profiling of nematode communities has the potential to reveal the effects of soil management on soil quality.

Improving Speed and Accuracy of Image Retrieval using Elastic Search and Features Nearest Neighbor Search

A developing interest had shown as late in structure closest neighbor search arrangements inside Elastic search–one of the most well-known full-content web indexes. In this paper, we focus explicitly around Elastic search and Features Nearest Neighbor search (ESFNNS), which accomplishes sensitive speed-ups over the current term coordinate gauge. Features Nearest Neighbor search performs the image retrieval, which integrates the features of color, shape, and texture. This will engage an Elastic search with the capacity of quick data retrieval and accuracy when compared to the FENSHSES method.

Segregate of Distinctiveness, Significance and Priority in Ranking

Information recovery is an ordinary undertaking for various space territory clients for particular undertaking identified with their zone of enthusiasm for information revelation (KDD), Choice makings and so on. Information mining methods plays a essential part to extract data identified with client seek. Web indexes includes in recovering of Users' inquiries via seeking in numerous databases. As the clients of the innovation developing quickly, the huge gathering of information in kind of information joins and keeping up of that information by putting away in databases turned into a major issue for organizations to recover the Information Relevance to the given question, clients are absolutely relying upon the recovery information. Here comes the real issue in assessing the Relevance,Significance and difference of the outcome acquired. Positioning is the essential idea in showing any outcome on Web based Systems (WS), Automated Systems (AS), Data Retrieval Systems (IRS) by satisfying the basic properties. In this paper we examined in positioning properties, dissimilarity issues and concentrated an approach - Manifold positioning with sink focuses (MRSP) to address assorted variety and in addition pertinence and significance in positioning

NATIONAL SUBSCRIPTION AND LIBRARY ACQUISITION. PART TWO. THE PRINT AND ELECTRONIC BOOK ACQUISITION IN RUSSIA. STRUCTURE OF RUSSIAN MARKETS OF SCHOLARLY INFORMATION

Introduction. The national-level subscription to the global citation indexes Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus and the Freedom Collection of Elsevier released 70% of the electronic acquisition expenditures in the Russian libraries. The article aims at the analysis of the changes in the scope and structure of the book and electronic/print book acquisition budgets in the Russian libraries upon the state-funded national subscription. The article studies changes in the structure of the Russian markets of scholarly information broken in different reference groups.Materials and Methods. The article employs statistical analysis of the survey results. Materials comprise results of the data processing of the Russian surveys on the acquisition budgets in 2016–2018 and published results of the international surveys. We analyze three main reference groups and four sub-groups of the Russian institutions. Results obtained in Russia are compared with the results for American academics.Results. Our findings show that the acquisition budgets of Russian institutions demonstrate a shift towards the book and print book acquisition. Both trends differ from the international ones and the 2022 forecasts of the American libraries. The markets of electronic scholarly information show continuous concentration to the segment of universities. In 2018, relative shares of the university segment of the markets of electronic resources and electronic books made correspondingly 94% and 99%. In the electronic book market, the share of the reference group of the universities of the 5/100 project increased from 24% to 32%, whereas the share of two national universities shrank from 24% to 14%.Discussion and Conclusions. The results obtained probably indicate the effect of the national subscription on the library acquisition. The loss in the market positions of the group of Russian national universities can change leaders in the field of research output.

NATIONAL SUBSCRIPTION AND LIBRARY ACQUISITION. PART ONE. MATERIAL AND ELECTRONIC ACQUISITION BUDGETS IN RUSSIA

Introduction. Electronic acquisition budgets are indicators of the information supply of research and education in the organization and affect its research output. The national level subscription to the global citation indexes Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus and the Freedom Collection of Elsevier released 70% of eleсtronic acquisition expenditures in the Russian libraries. The article studies the effect of the state-funded national subscription on the structure and temporal dynamics of material and electronic acquisition budgets in the Russian libraries.Materials and Methods. Materials comprise results of the data processing of the surveys on acquisition budgets in 2012–2018 and published results of the international surveys. Following our previous studies, we analyzed three main reference groups: universities (with a separate group of the Russian leading universities), research institutions and public libraries. For the purpose of this study, we created additional sub-groups of leading institutions (centers of excellence) in each reference group. From the survey data we calculated the average unit costs (both of the material and electronic acquisition budgets) in each reference group/sub-group. We also calculated relative shares of electronic and print resources in the library material budgets.Results. Since 2016, the material budgets of Russian libraries have grown after the fall caused by the economic crisis in 2014. The state-funded national subscription to the global citation indexes and the Freedom Collection of Elsevier resulted in the 2–4 times decrease in material and electronic acquisition budgets of the centers of excellence in each reference group.Discussion and Conclusions. For the first time, our study revealed the negative effect of the state-funded national subscription on the material and acquisition budgets in Russian organizations. We registered a decrease in the material budgets of the major Russian public and scientific libraries and universities.

Bilimsel İletişim ve Literatür Kullanım Kültürü: Literatür Eskimesi Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme

In this study, inferences were made on the literature usage patterns of the academicians involved in Communication Sciences with the method of citation analysis. Depending on the changing conditions of today, it is possible to say that the boundaries between the disciplines are disappearing. It is also seen that the developments in Information and Communication Technologies directly affect the disciplines and even cause new definitions for Social Sciences. “Digital Humanities”, “Computational Social Sciences”, “Computational Linguistics” and so on definitions such as these are the result of this interaction. In line with these developments, citation analysis was used to measure the use of scientific resources in Communication Sciences. Between 1990 and 2018, the bibliographic data of books and book chapters indexed in the field of Communication in the Book Citation Index of Web of Science were examined. In terms of annual growth rate, Communication Sciences literature has been observed to be close to exponential growth curve. In the book / book chapters published in the field of Communication Sciences, it was found that the use of journals was lower than the use of non-journal materials. “Audiology & Speech-Language”, “Pathology”, “Psychology” and “Behavioral Sciences” are the sub-areas where journal usage is more intense than other types of sources. For all years and all subject areas in the field of Communication Sciences, half-life is calculated as 9 years. The highest area of half-life was History with 26 years, while the lowest was the Public Administration as 7 years.

SATISFAÇÃO NO TRABALHO DE DOCENTES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi analisar os artigos empíricos publicados sobre satisfação no trabalho de docentes de Educação Física que atuam na educação básica. A consulta foi realizada nas bases de indexação LILACS, SciELO, Scopus e Web of Science. O processo de seleção resultou em 18 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão da revisão. A maior parte dessas produções científicas é nacional, se concentra principalmente na Região Sul do Brasil, com abordagem quantitativa e uso de questionários/escalas como instrumento de medidas. A análise dos resultados expostos nos artigos revelou que os docentes estavam majoritariamente satisfeitos com a avaliação global do trabalho e com aspectos do trabalho englobados nas dimensões relevância social, leis e normas do trabalho, progressão na carreira e autonomia no trabalho, apresentando-se insatisfeitos com aqueles referentes à remuneração e às condições de trabalho.

Systemic corticosteroids for the management of cancer-related breathlessness (dyspnoea) in adults.

Dyspnoea is a common symptom in advanced cancer, with a prevalence of up to 70% among patients at end of life. The cause of dyspnoea is often multifactorial, and may cause considerable psychological distress and suffering. Dyspnoea is often undertreated and good symptom control is less frequently achieved in people with dyspnoea than in people with other symptoms of advanced cancer, such as pain and nausea. The exact mechanism of action of corticosteroids in managing dyspnoea is unclear, yet corticosteroids are commonly used in palliative care for a variety of non-specific indications, including pain, nausea, anorexia, fatigue and low mood, despite being associated with a wide range of adverse effects. In view of their widespread use, it is important to seek evidence of the effects of corticosteroids for the management of cancer-related dyspnoea. To assess the effects of systemic corticosteroids for the management of cancer-related breathlessness (dyspnoea) in adults. We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Science Citation Index Web of Science, Latin America and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) and clinical trial registries, from inception to 25 January 2018. We included randomised controlled trials that included adults aged 18 years and above. We included participants with cancer-related dyspnoea when randomised to systemic corticosteroids (at any dose) administered for the relief of cancer-related dyspnoea or any other indication, compared to placebo, standard or alternative treatment. Five review authors independently assessed trial quality and three extracted data. We used means and standard deviations for each outcome to report the mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). We assessed the risk of bias and quality of evidence using GRADE. We extracted primary outcomes of sensory-perceptual experience of dyspnoea (intensity of dyspnoea), affective distress (quality of dyspnoea) and symptom impact (burden of dyspnoea or impact on function) and secondary outcomes of serious adverse events, participant satisfaction with treatment and participant withdrawal from trial. Two studies met the inclusion criteria, enrolling 157 participants (37 participants in one study and 120 in the other study), of whom 114 were included in the analyses. The studies compared oral dexamethasone to placebo, followed by an open-label phase in one study. One study lasted seven days, and the duration of the other study was 15 days.We were unable to conduct many of our predetermined analyses due to different agents, dosages, comparators and outcome measures, routes of drug delivery, measurement scales and time points. Subgroup analysis according to type of cancer was not possible.Primary outcomesWe included two studies (114 participants) with data at one week in the meta-analysis for change in dyspnoea intensity/dyspnoea relief from baseline. Corticosteroid therapy with dexamethasone resulted in an MD of lower dyspnoea intensity compared to placebo at one week (MD -0.85 lower dyspnoea (scale 0-10; lower score = less breathlessness), 95% CI -1.73 to 0.03; very low-quality evidence), although we were uncertain as to whether corticosteroids had an important effect on dyspnoea as results were imprecise. We downgraded the quality of evidence by three levels from high to very low due to very serious study limitations and imprecision.One study measured affective distress (quality of dyspnoea) and results were similar between groups (29 participants; very low-quality evidence). We downgraded the quality of the evidence three times for imprecision, inconsistency, and serious study limitations.Both studies assessed symptom impact (burden of dyspnoea or impact on function) (113 participants; very low-quality evidence). In one study, it was unclear whether dexamethasone had an effect on dyspnoea as results were imprecise. The second study showed more improvement for physical well-being scores at days eight and 15 in the dexamethasone group compared with the control group, but there was no evidence of a difference for FACIT social/family, emotional or functional scales. We downgraded the quality of the evidence three times for imprecision, inconsistency, and serious study limitations.Secondary outcomesDue to the lack of homogenous outcome measures and inconsistency in reporting, we could not perform quantitative analysis for any secondary outcomes. In both studies, the frequency of adverse events was similar between groups, and corticosteroids were generally well tolerated. The withdrawal rates for the two studies were 15% and 36%. Reasons for withdrawal included lost to follow-up, participant or carer (or both) refusal, and death due to disease progression. We downgraded the quality of evidence for these secondary outcomes by three levels from high to very low due to serious study limitations, inconsistency and imprecision.Neither study examined participant satisfaction with treatment. There are few studies assessing the effects of systemic corticosteroids on cancer-related dyspnoea in adults with cancer. We judged the evidence to be of very low quality that neither supported nor refuted corticosteroid use in this population. Further high-quality studies are needed to determine if corticosteroids are efficacious in this setting.

Global Publication Productivity in Materials Science Research: A Scientometric Analysis

This paper examines the world research profile and growing trend of publications on Materials Science for fifteen years spanning 2002-2016 based on the data retrieved from ISI Thomson Reuters Web of Science by using various statistical tools and techniques used in the emerging field of Scientometrics. The study uses Science Citation Index of ISI Thomson Reuters Web of Science for the period from 2002 to 2016 (for a period of fifteen years) of top fifteen countries in the field of Materials Science. The indicators used in this study are Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Doubling Time (Dt.), Activity Index (AI), Publication Efficiency Index (PEI), Relative Comparative Advantage for Publication (RCAP). The findings of the study reveal that the percentage share of Materials Science publications of the World is 5.61 out of the total scientific publications of the World; the study indicates that China topped the table with 2,87,736 publications, followed by the USA (2,17,422); there is an exponential growth of publication for the world (R2 = 0.967) in Materials Science field; the Annual Growth Rate (RGR) is highest for Iran (through it ranked fifteenth in terms of publications), i.e. 27.00; Activity Index is more than one for nine countries which indicates that the research efforts of these countries correspond to the worlds average; It is evident from the study that the USA (1.48), England (1.19), Australia (1.14), Germany (1.09) and France (1.07) have more than one PEI which clearly indicates that there is an impact of publications in Materials Science by these countries is more than the research effort devoted during 2002 to 2016; China topped the list with the highest mean value of Relative Comparative Advantage for Publication (RCAP) i.e. 2.23. RCAP value of China, South Korea, Taiwan, India, Iran, Japan, Russia and France are more than one. The data indicate that these countries are specialised in the field of Materials Science.

Can Internet Anxiety Affect Electronic Journals Usage? A CrossSectional Study with Iranian Postgraduate Dental Students

Objective: To investigate internet anxiety among the dentistry students at Kerman University of Medical Sciences and its relationship with electronic journals use. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all 72 postgraduate dental assistants at Dentistry School of Kerman University of Medical Sciences were considered. Internet anxiety questionnaire included demographic questions and questions measuring online journals use and the barriers of using. The data then analyzed using independent t-test and linear regression, with significance level set at 5%. Results: The use of printed books was reported by 78.2% of the sample while the use of electronic books was 45.8%. The use of atlas was 28.9%, while the use of indexes and abstracts was 57.2. The participants used online journals mostly for research (30.8%) and education (27.7%). The most important advantages of online journals were fast access (25.1%) and easy use (19.9%). To get informed about online journals contents, they mostly used search engines and online databases (79%). The most important criterion was indexing in Web of Science (20.8%). A significant relationship between Internet anxiety and academic year was detected (p<0.05) also increase in internet use significantly increased Internet anxiety (p=0.001). We suggested increasing the knowledge and skill of dental students with online resources toward decreasing the level of their Internet anxiety. Conclusion: A reverse relationship was observed between the academic year and internet anxiety, in other words, senior students were more anxious than the junior ones. This study did not ask about computer literacy, other studies have reported a negative relationship between computer literacy, Internet literacy and internet anxiety, so it is suggested to increase the knowledge and skill of students with computer, internet and online resources.

BITCOIN MINING CARBON FOOTPRINT

The theoretical framework of the study covers the formation and development of cryptoeconomics, as well as its impact on the environment. The term cryptoeconomics is used to refer to a new industry, which develops around cryptocurrencies and blockchain. Cryptocurrency mining consumes a lot of electricity. As of September 2019, the estimated annual electricity consumption was 78.93 TWh (with an electricity price of 0.05 USD). This model was used to create the Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Index web service. If we assume that electricity for mining is generated at coal-fired power plants only, then knowing the energy consumption of bitcoin miners, we can estimate carbon dioxide emissions at the upper boundary. In this case, carbon dioxide emissions are about 80.43 million tons of CO2, which corresponds to 0.24% of the total emissions in the world. The aim of this work is to simulate carbon dioxide emissions caused by bitcoin mining, taking into account the regional distribution of miners and various sources of electricity that are used for mining. To achieve it, the following tasks were set: 1) the formation of a reasonable list of mining pools; 2) clarification of the geographical distribution of miners; 3) assessment of the distribution of mining capacities by region; 4) evaluation of air pollution by regions. The problem of increasing electricity consumption by the network of bitcoin (and other cryptocurrencies) miners and the corresponding environmental impact should be discussed with policymakers, industry participants and the general public. According to the proposed method for assessing the geographical distribution of mining using the traffic of mining pools web pages, carbon dioxide emissions is about 44.12 million tons per year (0.13% of global emissions), which is two times lower than the upper boundary estimate.

Seeing 21st Century Data Bleed through the 15th Century Wound Man

Are individuals at risk of "data bleedout" in 21st century environments saturated with wearable devices? Is there a good way of visualizing the range of wearables and related technology so that we can see the impact on both the human and their data? Wearable have been around for a long time ? eyeglasses date to the 13th century and artisans created wearable clocks in the 16th century. The wearable technologies of the 21st century are multiple and plentiful in many commercial markets. CCS Insight has updated its outlook on the future of wearable tech, indicating that 411 million smart wearable devices, worth a staggering $34 billion, will be sold in 2020 [1]. This estimate depends upon a strong growth in the sector; global wearable retail sales in 2017 reached 126 623 units [2]. Much of this growth is expected to come from young adult sectors; according to the Global Web Index, 71 percent of those ages 16 to 24 want "wearable tech," defined as a smart watch, smart wristband, or smart eyewear. Nearly two-thirds of global Internet users have worn a piece of technology already or are eager to do so in the future [3].

Hyoscine Butylbromide and the Duration of Labor: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study

Objectives: Hyoscine butylbromide is one of the drugs that is used to shorten prolonged labor and helps to decrease the complications and pain related to prolonged labor. To prescribe this drug, understanding its effect on the duration of labor is important through summarizing the available primary study results. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of hyoscine butylbromide in shortening the duration of labor through summarizing the available primary evidence. Materials and Methods: To this end, different electronic databases were searched including the International Scientific Indexing Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, and Scopus in order to find English published articles during 2000-2017. The obtained data were by Stata software. Finally, the effect of hyoscine butylbromide was estimated by the mean difference (MD) and CI as the summary measures using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Results: Based on the results, hyoscine butylbromide significantly reduced the duration of labor in the intervention group when compared to the placebo group in the first (MD = -67.77 minutes, 95% CI, -90.98 to -44.56) and second stages of labor (MD=-2.76 minutes, 95% CI, -4.79 to -0.74). However, it failed to significantly decrease the duration of labor in the third stage (MD = -0.45 minutes, 95% CI, -1.45 to 0.56) in the intervention group. Conclusions: In general, hyoscine butylbromide led to a significant reduction in the duration of labor in the first and second stages while it caused no significant decrease in its duration in the third stage. Thus, hyoscine butylbromide could be used for reducing labor duration in the first and second stages of delivery.

A Review: Map Reduce Framework for Cloud Computing

In this generation of Internet, information and data are growing continuously. Even though various Internet services and applications. The amount of information is increasing rapidly. Hundred billions even trillions of web indexes exist. Such large data brings people a mass of information and more difficulty discovering useful knowledge in these huge amounts of data at the same time. Cloud computing can provide infrastructure for large data. Cloud computing has two significant characteristics of distributed computing i.e. scalability, high availability. The scalability can seamlessly extend to large-scale clusters. Availability says that cloud computing can bear node errors. Node failures will not affect the program to run correctly. Cloud computing with data mining does significant data processing through high-performance machine. Mass data storage and distributed computing provide a new method for mass data mining and become an effective solution to the distributed storage and efficient computing in data mining.

The digital epidemiology of dysencephalia splanchnocystica, AKA meckel–gruber syndrome: Retrospective analysis and geographic mapping via google trends

Background: Genetic diseases are diverse and many of which have debilitating consequences affecting the individual, the society, and the economy. Trends databases, including Google Trends database, can be used to estimate the digital epidemiology of these diseases. Digital Epidemiology is valuable when it comes to conditions of low prevalence as in the case of ciliopathies including that of Meckel–Gruber Syndrome.Aims and Objectives: To assess the digital epidemiology and the geographic mapping of Meckel- Gruber syndrome via a trends database of the surface web.Materials and Methods: Google Trends database will be usedfor geographic mapping and retrospective analysis of interest of users of the Surface Web. The aim is to infer and predict the digital epidemiology of Meckel–Gruber Syndrome. A retrospective analysis is conducted as far as the trends database permits (2004-2017). The trends database was explored using the thematic expression of keywords specific to Meckel–Gruber Syndrome including its synonyms. Subsequently, descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out to estimate the digital epidemiology as well as the geographic mapping. The aim was to conclude the existence of any significant change in web users’ interest and the variation of that interest versus geography (country) and chronology (time).Results: Concerning geographic mapping, signals of web users were found to be originating from the United States (68.49%) and Finland (31.51%). Globally, the average value of the relative interest of surface web users in Meckel–Gruber Syndrome was 34.10 (+/- 14.59). There was an overall decline in web users’ attention towards the condition for the period 2004−2010 versus 2011−2017 (20.06 vs 4.88, p-value&lt;0.001) and for period 2004-2006 versus 2007-2009 (29.14 vs 14.19, p=0.001).Conclusion: Digital epidemiological analysis has been proven feasible with good accuracy via Googles Trends. In the case of Dysencephalia Splanchnocystica, the geographic mapping of the surface web has been limited to the developed world. Prospectively, Google Trends can be integrated into a predictive early warning system to anticipate any change in the interest of the users of the Indexed Web in a particular disease including genetic ones.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(5) 2018 81-86

A Study of Focused Web Crawling Techniques

In the recent years, the growth of data on the web is increasing exponentially. Due to this exponential growth, it is very crucial to find the accurate and significant information on the Web. Web crawlers are the tools or programs which find the web pages from the World Wide Web by following hyperlinks. Search engines indexes web pages which can be further retrieved by entering a query given by a user. The immense size and an assortment of the Web make it troublesome for any crawler to recover every pertinent information from the Web. In this way, different variations of Web crawling techniques are emerging as an active research area. In this paper, we survey the learnable focused crawlers.

A new approach for incorporating 15N isotopic data into linear inverse ecosystem models with Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling.

Oceanographic field programs often use δ15N biogeochemical measurements and in situ rate measurements to investigate nitrogen cycling and planktonic ecosystem structure. However, integrative modeling approaches capable of synthesizing these distinct measurement types are lacking. We develop a novel approach for incorporating δ15N isotopic data into existing Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) random walk methods for solving linear inverse ecosystem models. We test the ability of this approach to recover food web indices (nitrate uptake, nitrogen fixation, zooplankton trophic level, and secondary production) derived from forward models simulating the planktonic ecosystems of the California Current and Amazon River Plume. We show that the MCMC with δ15N approach typically does a better job of recovering ecosystem structure than the standard MCMC or L2 minimum norm (L2MN) approaches, and also outperforms an L2MN with δ15N approach. Furthermore, we find that the MCMC with δ15N approach is robust to the removal of input equations and hence is well suited to typical pelagic ecosystem studies for which the system is usually vastly under-constrained. Our approach is easily extendable for use with δ13C isotopic measurements or variable carbon:nitrogen stoichiometry.

Improving Efficiency of Nearest Neighbor Search by Utilizing Spatial Inverted Index

Spatial queries with regular strategies like range request or closest neighbor Search include just the utilization of geometric properties of the items. An up-to-date answer for looking troublesome inquiries utilizes IR-tree technique and we have examined it in the paper. We propose another strategy with a goal of finding the closest neighbor of the inquiry while decreasing the delay time caused in looking what's more, enchasing the of the aftereffect of a question. Many web indexes are utilized to appear everything from everywhere; this framework is utilized to quick closest neighbor seek to utilize a watchword. Previous works, generally, emphasis on searching top-k Near Neighbors, each center point needs to facilitate the total addressing the Key words. The thickness over information protests over the space is not reflected. In the same manner, these methods are little proficient for an incremental query. Information Retrieval R Tree having a few disadvantages. The output of Information Retrieval R Tree gravely was pretentious due to rare disadvantages. Overcome with problem must to be observed. The resultant record is the technique of getting response over this issue.

Library and information science research in BRICS countries

PurposeThis paper aims to highlight the research output of library and information science of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) nations during the ten year period, i.e. 2005-2014, as reflected through the Web of Science database.Design/methodology/approachThis study used Social Science Index (SSCI) of Web of Science (WoS) citation database to collect data for the ten year period. All records indexed in SSCI were refined by subject area of “Information Science and Library Science” and selected countries. The downloaded results were analyzed by using specific parameters.FindingsWoS indexes different kinds of documents, such as articles, conference proceedings, biographical items, book reviews, corrections, editorial material, letters, reprints and reviews. Out of the BRICS output, almost 90 per cent of papers were articles. Other types of documents included conference papers, review papers and book reviews. China contributed nearly half of the documents followed by Brazil, South Africa, India and Russia. On an average, a document had cited 34 references. More than one-third of records did not receive any citations. It has been observed that the titles that had 11-16 words attracted the most number of citations. The top ten publishers in whose journals the researchers published included Emerald, Elsevier and Springer. The primary subject areas were information science and library science, information systems, interdisciplinary applications and management. About 85 per cent of the documents were published in English. Around 93 per cent of the non-English research publications were in Portuguese, the official language of Brazil.Originality/valueThere are not many studies on BRICS countries and that too about Library and Information Science (LIS) research output. This study may reveal insights into how LIS researchers interact with local and global issues in a specific spectrum of the world community.