Web Design Research Articles

The Role and Evolution of Frontend Developers in the Software Development Industry

The role of frontend developers has undergone significant transformation in the software development industry, evolving from basic HTML coding to advanced, dynamic web applications. In the early stages of the internet, frontend development was primarily concerned with static websites, but with the rise of more interactive, user-centered web design, frontend developers have become critical to delivering engaging and functional digital experiences. This paper explores the evolution of frontend development, focusing on the technologies and methodologies that have shaped the role, including HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, and modern frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue. The research also discusses the key responsibilities of frontend developers today, such as UI/UX design, responsive web design, and performance optimization. Furthermore, the paper identifies key challenges, such as staying up-to-date with rapidly evolving technologies, ensuring cross-device compatibility, and optimizing web performance. By reviewing the advancements in frontend development and the growing importance of user-centric design, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the current and future role of frontend developers in the software industry. The research also highlights how the ongoing evolution of web technologies will continue to shape the demand for skilled frontend professionals.

THE ROLE OF A CLIENT-ORIENTED APPROACH IN MANAGING WEB DESIGN PROJECTS

The article is devoted to the study of the place of the client-oriented approach in the management mechanism of web design projects. In the context of the dynamic development of the digital economy, as well as increased competition in the market of services in this area, the task of adapting development processes to individual customer needs becomes urgent. The purpose of the study is to identify the most effective methods of implementing a client—oriented approach to web design project management and characterize their impact on the final result. There are contradictions in understanding the optimal level of client participation in the project: on the one hand, high customer engagement helps to ensure that their needs are met, on the other hand, it sometimes significantly slows down the development process and significantly increases costs. It was concluded that the use of a client-oriented approach, provided that there is a well-organized process of interaction with the customer, can improve the quality of services and customer satisfaction, which, in turn, contributes to the successful implementation of projects. The novelty lies in the fact that an innovative methodology "Integrative client-centered design" is proposed. It is based on the synthesis of best practices of project management, design thinking, Agile approaches adapted to the specifics of web design projects. The article will be useful for web design project managers, developers, as well as management and marketing specialists who seek to implement effective strategies for interacting with customers.

Training On Making Website-Based Learning Media And Developing Students' Integrated Skills In Learning English At The Excelsis Deo Community Learning Center (PKBM) Manado

ABSTRACT This activity explores the implementation of integrated skills in English language learning and the incorporation of website-based learning media at the Excelsis Deo Manado Community Learning Activity Center (PKBM). The research addresses challenges in English education, including low student motivation, conventional teaching methods, and limited use of learning media. An integrated skills approach using children's literature is proposed to enhance language proficiency and cultural awareness. To support this method and overcome media limitations, the study introduces training on creating website-based learning media for teachers. This training covers web design, content management systems, and interactive element creation, aiming to produce engaging online learning environments. The combination of integrated skills teaching and modern, website-based learning media is expected to significantly improve students' English language skills and overall learning experience. This approach not only addresses current educational challenges but also bridges the gap between traditional pedagogy and contemporary learner needs, while providing older teachers with opportunities to adapt to new educational technologies. Keywords: Integrated skills, Website-based learning media, Students and Teacher Training, Children's literature.

Exploring the relationship between website quality and equity in living donor kidney transplant

BackgroundHealth system websites are important resources to guide health care decisions and may be useful tools to improve racial equity in access to living donor kidney transplant (LDKT).MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study of adult LDKT programs in the United States. We created an assessment tool for website quality across three domains: accessibility (access to LDKT specific information from the transplant center website), readability (ease of reading and clarity), and educational content (appropriateness and presentation of information, LDKT-specific content, program-specific characteristics, and adherence to equity-centered principles of web design).ResultsAmong the 185 transplant center websites reviewed, only 14.6% of LDKT sites could be accessed directly from the transplant center webpage. The median suitability assessment of materials (SAM)—a validated measure of website content for chronic kidney disease (CKD)—was 45 out of 86 (IQR 4) and the median Flesch-Kincaid grade level and ease score were 9.1 (IQR 0.8) on a scale of 0–18 and 51.2 (IQR 5) on a scale of 0–100, respectively.ConclusionThese results indicate that LDKT websites are currently not available, accessible, and understandable for many potential transplant candidates and donors. Optimizing the content and design of transplant center websites may be a promising and effective strategy for improving equity in access to LDKT.

Workload-based adaptive decision-making for edge server layout with deep reinforcement learning

Mobile edge computing (MEC) is crucial in applications such as intelligent transportation, innovative healthcare, and smart cities. By deploying servers with computing and storage capabilities at the network edge, MEC enables low-latency services close to end users. However, the configuration of edge servers needs to meet the low-latency requirements and effectively balance the servers’ workloads. This paper proposes an adaptive layout and dynamic optimization method, modeling the edge server layout problem as a Markov decision process. It introduces a workload-based server placement rule that adjusts the locations of edge servers according to the load of base stations, enabling the learning of low-latency and load-balanced server layout strategies. Experimental validation on a real dataset from Shanghai Telecom shows that the proposed algorithm improves average latency performance by about 40% compared to existing technologies, and enhances workload balancing performance by about 17%.

Среднемасштабное интернет-картографирование почвенного покрова

The article presents the results of the development of an open geoinformation system of soil cover based on a medium-scale soil map. The scale of the map is 1:100 000. Coverage of the territory—Okhansky Urban District of the Perm Krai. The relevance of the work performed is caused by the growing demand for digital soil-cartographic information on a medium scale, which is characterized by representativeness in the conduct of a land cadastre, environmental impact assessment, obtaining information about the thickness of the fertile layer in civil, industrial and road construction, as well as in the development of adaptive landscape farming systems. The purpose of the research is to develop and test a method for integrating archival soil-cartographic materials with open web GIS solutions for a modern level of visualization and efficient use of soil maps (using the example of a medium-scale level within the boundaries of the Okhansky Urban District of the Perm Krai). For vectorization, the scanned map was defined in the coordinate system of the Pulkovo 1942/Gauss-Kruger zone 10 projection. As a result of vectorization, the total number of soil contours was 648. The source of attributive information is the soil outlines of land uses in the Okhansky District of the Perm Krai. The structure of the GIS project, in addition to the layer of soil contours, contains thematic layers characterizing the granulometric composition and quality classes of soils, calculated by the method of A.S. Fatyanov. The developed technological scheme for creating an open soil web GIS has two main blocks: the development of a GIS project and web design. Between them is the result of the functioning of the qgis2web module, which allows you to create a web map from a GIS project. Open access to GIS is organized at the web page [Web resource: https://chascshin.github.io/Ohansk-GIS (accessed 27.09.24)]. Using GitHub Pages to host a site with a web map significantly reduces the cost of the final geoinformation project. However, the main disadvantage of GitHub hosting is the limitations on the count and amount of data.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Gadget dan Self Regulated Learning terhadap Minat Belajar pada Mata Kuliah Web Design Mahasiswa Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran

This study aims to investigate the influence of gadget use and self-regulated learning on the learning interest of students majoring in Office Administration Education who take Web Design courses. Through a quantitative approach, data was collected from odd semester students in the 2023/2024 academic year using a validated questionnaire. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that gadget use and self-regulated learning significantly affect learning interest, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.65, which means 65% of the variation in learning interest can be explained by these two variables. Hypothesis testing showed an F-statistic value of 24.56 (df = 2, sig < 0.01), confirming a significant influence between the independent variables and study interest. The results of this study indicate that gadget usage and self-regulated learning have a significant positive influence on the learning interest of students majoring in office administration majoring in web design.

Sustaining Economic Growth: E-Service Quality’s Role in Fostering Customer Loyalty in Nigeria SMEs

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of e-service quality on customer loyalty with customer satisfaction as a mediator in the small and medium-sized business sector in Nigeria. The dimensions investigated in this study are reliability, web design, trust, empathy, convenience, and cultural inclusion. To the best of the researchers’ knowledge, there has not been any research done on this subject investigating the above dimensions among Nigerian SMEs across various cultural groups. Therefore, this study fills this gap by investigating the impact of culture, web design, trust, empathy, convenience, and reliability on SMEs. A questionnaire was used for the purpose of the study to collect primary data. Four hundred and ninety-two responses were obtained from the respondents, who were age 20 and above. The survey was carried out online across the four major poles of Nigeria (east, west, north, and south) because of their varying and distinct cultural background. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS 28, Smart PLS 4 and AMOS 29 for descriptive analysis and structural equation modeling to test the research model. The results showed that the service quality dimensions have a positive significant impact on customer satisfaction and also show that customer loyalty is positively impacted by customer satisfaction.

Slow and Steady or Fast and Furious: An Analysis of Completion Duration in open.uom.lk

The open.uom.lk platform is an open learning platform developed by the University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, offering free asynchronous online IT related courses. The platform was developed as an initiative to meet the growing human capital requirement of the IT industry in Sri Lanka, one of the only sectors showing strong growth even during the country’s recent economic crisis. In the two years since the release of its flagship course Trainee Full-Stack Developer, there have been over 270,000 enrolled learners. The course consists of six subjects covering Python programming, web design, and a professional practice module that includes a capstone project. Despite the massive number of enrollments, as in many other MOOCs, completion rates remain low. For instance, for the two beginner courses in programming and web design, into which all participants are enrolled automatically, completion rates stand at 7-10%. Completion rates for subsequent subjects are higher given that enrollment is conditional on completing prerequisites. From a planning perspective, it is not just estimates of how many participants complete the programs but also the time they take to do so that are integral for determining the future growth of the IT industry. As such, this study aims to develop a model for course completion using survival analysis which has the advantage of being able to model censored data (e.g. when duration is unknown due to non-completion) and provide forecasts of completion rates at different points in time. The analysis uses student activity completion reports and demographic information of participants including employment and educational background. The findings suggest that the course interaction variables, particularly the speed of completing early activities, are more important for predicting course completion than the demographic variables, though education and employment status are also significantly correlated with completion. The survival model could then be used for purposes of predicting both the completion probability as well as the timeframe within which the completion may be expected.

Cognitive effect of product-based animation on interface aesthetics of web-based stores

The increasing internet penetration and the convergence of the online population with the world population highlight the significance of user experience and marketing strategies in the digital landscape. Businesses aim to enhance their online marketing activities, while users seek ease of use, entertainment, and satisfaction from websites. In this context, web animation has emerged as a critical tool for capturing the attention of online consumers. Web animation, defined as “any kind of movement on websites,” has gained prominence due to improved internet speeds and software tools. However, its precise implications for consumer attitudes remain unclear.This paper delves into the impact of product-based web animation on consumer perceptions, specifically aesthetics, entertainment, satisfaction, loyalty, and ease of use. The research investigates whether product-specific animations can mitigate the potential negative effects of web animations and enhance their attraction to online users.The study draws on various hypotheses and employs statistical analyses to explore the influence of product-based animations compared to static websites. It finds that product-based animated websites have a more positive impact on consumer perceptions of entertainment, satisfaction, loyalty, and ease of use, while the effect on aesthetics is not statistically significant.These findings provide valuable insights for web designers and digital marketers, emphasizing the potential of product-based animations to improve user satisfaction and loyalty in e-commerce settings. The study also highlights the need for further research to explore the impact of animation on purchase intentions, consider mobile interfaces, and analyze animation effects across different user profiles and geographic regions, offering promising avenues for future investigations in this evolving field.

Designing Inclusive Web Applications with Accessibility in Mind

This article explores the critical importance of designing inclusive web applications with accessibility in mind. It delves into the ethical, legal, and business imperatives driving the need for accessible web design, highlighting that over one billion people worldwide live with some form of disability. The article discusses key accessibility standards, particularly the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), and outlines essential techniques and tools for implementing and testing web accessibility. These include semantic HTML, ARIA roles and attributes, color contrast considerations, keyboard navigation, and alternative text for images. The article also examines various testing tools such as Lighthouse, WAVE, axe DevTools, and screen readers. Furthermore, it presents a compelling business case for accessibility, emphasizing benefits such as an expanded user base, improved SEO, enhanced brand reputation, and legal compliance. Through comprehensive exploration of these topics, the article underscores that accessibility is not just a regulatory requirement but a fundamental responsibility that leads to better digital experiences for all users

Kimberly Bryant’s Black Girls Code: closing the opportunity gap in technology for black women and girls

Research methodology This case study was developed using publicly available published sources like the company’s website, articles, blogs, videos, filings, etc. Multiple sources were used to put together the chronology, quotes and details. This case is not disguised. All the key figures in the case study are identified by their real names. Case overview/synopsis Black Girls Code (BGC) was founded by Kimberly Bryant (Bryant, she) as a nonprofit organization in 2011. BGC conducted workshops and programs to teach young girls of color technology, science, engineering and math and train them in Web design, developing apps and robotics. It aimed to address the lack of diversity in science and technology. The organization has received support from tech giants like Google, Facebook and IBM. In one decade, the organization trained more than 30,000 girls and aimed to teach one million girls by 2040. In 2021, the BGC board ousted Bryant, citing allegations of workplace impropriety. She was put on paid administrative leave by the board. This ousting was done in the aftermath of complaints by several employees who raised concerns about Bryant’s conduct. The former and current employees said that high turnover in the organization was due to Bryant’s leadership, which was rooted in fear, and that she would publicly insult managers. The board formed a special committee to evaluate the concerns and sent Bryant on administrative leave. Cristina Jones, who succeeded Bryant as CEO, brought about several changes in the organization and expanded the scope of science, technology, engineering and math to include arts. She expanded the courses to include design, gaming and others. She was looking forward to launching one million black girls in tech by 2040. But before she could go on, she needed to ensure that the ouster of the founder did not hinder the activities at BGC in any manner and also needed to address the concerns of employees, students and funders. Complexity academic level This case can be used to learn about nonprofits, the role of nonprofits in building an equitable society and nonprofit entrepreneurs. The objective is to understand how passionate entrepreneurs can create organizations that can make a high impact with limited resources but with ambition and vision for radical change. This case also helps in learning the challenges encountered due to the rapid growth of startups and the role of the leader in handling such growth. This case can be integrated into any of the existing courses or taken as a special case study to illustrate the gender and racial disparities that exist even in highly developed countries like the USA.

СУЧАСНІ МЕТОДИ ІНТЕРНЕТ-ПРОСУВАННЯ НА РИНКУ ДВЕРЕЙ

This article highlights current strategies and effective methods of promoting products in the door market via the Internet in the competitive struggle for sales markets. Analyzing a highly competitive industry, the authors examine various aspects of an effective online presence to increase store traffic and sales. The article focuses on the analysis and comparison of various modern methods of Internet promotion in the context of the door market, with an emphasis on determining the most effective approaches to their application, in particular, such as: social networks, search engine optimization, e-commerce, video marketing, cooperation with influencers, retargeting, content -marketing and adaptive web design. The authors examine each of these methods in detail, evaluating their cost, complexity of setup, and potential effectiveness for different target audiences. Special attention is paid to analyzing the needs of different market segments, such as: young professionals, married couples, older generations, eco-conscious buyers, developers, owners of commercial premises and real estate investors. The article examines exactly how strategies can help increase competitiveness and effectively attract the attention of the target audience. The authors emphasize the importance of a comprehensive approach and individual targeting of each segment, taking into account their unique needs and preferences. The article also includes recommendations for the optimal combination of various Internet marketing methods to maximize the effectiveness of marketing efforts in the door market. Conclusions and proposals are based on a deep analysis of modern trends in digital marketing, as well as on the experience of the author team in this field. The article contains practical recommendations for companies specializing in the sale of doors, which seek to successfully market their products via the Internet. In particular, modern trends and innovative approaches for optimizing electronic business in the field of door production and their implementation are considered. This work can be useful for marketers, door manufacturers, and anyone interested in developing effective Internet marketing strategies in specific markets.

Localisation as Sociocultural Adaptation of Modern Design of Visual Communications

The aim of the article is to ground and formulate the definition of the term “localisation” in design using the example of visual communications. Results. A review of definitions and interpretations of localisation in different scientific and industrial spheres highlights that the term has different semantic meanings. In the sphere of visual communications, the concept appeared in web design, programming interfaces of programmes and games in the context of language, as well as technical, normative (State Standards) and legal parameters. Nowadays, the use of the term has expanded to the majority of graphic design, branding and marketing product. Its content is associated with sociocultural characteristics of the target groups. Interviews conducted with experts in the re-publishing and redesign of English-language books in the Ukrainian language, advertising communications, curatorship in mural placement and social poster display confirm the relevance of the content and design adчaptation to the specifics of target groups. Localisation in design is defined as a strategy in increasing the functional and communicative efficiency of the project through the adaptation of the content and design to the specifics of sociocultural, legislative, technological, geographical and historical conditions of its use within the country, region, etc. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the theory of design, the term “localisation” is grounded and introduced (using the example of visual communications); the specifics of using the concept of “local” in the context of consideration of these phenomena are clarified; the results of interviews of Ukrainian experts with experience in the localisation of visual communications are presented; the necessity in sociocultural adaptation of the content and design of visual communications to the requests of target groups is emphasised. Conclusions. In conditions of globalisation, the significance of localisation of visual communication projects is increasing. Its implementation requires immersion in the local culture and/or close contact with their representatives during the design process. However, the most effective localisation can be carried out directly by a representative of the target group as a carrier of its local culture.

E-Learning Web Elements for Brickwork Course in theConstruction Technology forVocational Training

E-learning web is a learning material delivered in electronic media through HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language), programming for the Construction Technology Program. This study was conducted to design and develop reference material asan e-learning web for the brickwork course based on modifying the ADDIE model. The objective of this study is to identify the aspects of web element requirements, the appropriateness of design, format, and content in the e-learning web of the brickwork course and the usability of the e-learning web. This study is a development and survey involving three types of respondents: three creative multimedia experts from Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,lecturers, and students in construction technology programs from vocational colleges.The questionnaires and feedback forms were used using dichotomous and Likert scales. Theresults of the study indicated that all lecturers and students agree with the appropriateness of the design, format, content, and usability of the e-learning web. Overall, the development of the e-learning web of the brickwork course for the construction technology program is expected to help improve student understanding and be beneficial as an input for web developers, especially for developing educational materials for Web 4.0.

RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI MARKETPLACE PENATU MOBILE WEB BERBASIS RESPONSIVE WEB DAN FRAMEWORK EXPRESS.JS

This research developed a mobile web marketplace application for laundry services to address user difficulties such as finding the nearest location, managing physical receipts, and obtaining service information. Utilizing a responsive web design approach and flexbox techniques, the front end of the application was designed to be optimal across various devices. The back end was built using Express.js with the controller-middleware-route concept to maintain code organization. Furthermore, the Geocoding API and Distance Matrix API were implemented to calculate the distance between customers and laundry services. Testing was conducted using black box testing by developers and usability testing by participants. The results indicated that the front end of the application provided an optimal user experience with an overall satisfaction rate of 89.57%, and the back end was effective in managing data with middleware features and the integration of the Geocoding API and Distance Matrix API, achieving a usability satisfaction rate of 89.22%. This research demonstrates that the responsive mobile web application is effective and efficient in assisting users in finding suitable laundry services, thereby enhancing convenience and service efficiency.

Examining the accessibility of ChatGPT for competency-based personalised learning for specially-abled people

PurposeThis study examines the web accessibility issues faced by users with disabilities when using ChatGPT, a popular chatbot. It is crucial for users with disabilities to have barrier-free access to Internet communications technology to be on par with other users. Because of its roots in artificial intelligence (AI) technology, ChatGPT can empower individuals with various abilities, providing access to the Internet and potentially leading to a substantial boost in digital inclusion for these users.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers focused on ensuring ease of access to ChatGPT’s webpage to achieve the study objective. They conducted manual testing with a visually impaired researcher. They used axe DevTools and Accessibility Insights to investigate the target page’s three most commonly used states for accessibility issues.FindingsThe researchers identified substantial and crucial web accessibility issues on the target page. These issues resulted in frustration and hindered complete access to information about ChatGPT’s features. The researchers stress the significance of prioritising web accessibility and urge web designers to integrate Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) standards into the initial stages of web development rather than addressing them as corrective measures. Given the United Nations' recognition of access to information and communication technology (ICT) as a pivotal Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for users with disabilities, it is imperative to elevate web accessibility to foster their economic self-reliance and independence. This study underscores this imperative.Research limitations/implicationsIn this study, researchers assessed the accessibility of ChatGPT on the Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge browsers. This investigation could potentially be broadened to encompass additional web browsers. Furthermore, the researchers focused on three distinct states of ChatGPT: the initial default state, the subsequent output state and the third state, which represents errors on the target page. Further, developers can employ the results to enhance the accessibility experience for users with varying abilities who interact with ChatGPT.Originality/valueFollowing a comprehensive examination of the current body of literature, the study pinpointed a gap in research, highlighting the necessity to conduct accessibility assessments for ChatGPT with regard to these particular users.

<em>Recetas de las Américas</em>: A Case Study in Hugo Static Site Generator for Bilingual Web Publishing

This article describes Recetas de las Américas, a static web project for historic newspaper recipes made with the static site generator Hugo. Static sites offer opportunities for robust online publishing without large computational, financial, or technical resources but are not without their own challenges and constraints. This paper presents Recetas de las Américas, discusses the place of static sites in the context of minimal computing, and examines the utility of Hugo for multilingual online publishing, including comparison between Hugo and other static site generators. Static publishing follows minimal computing principles and is a valuable tool for increasing access to digital publishing. Recently, static websites have experienced a renaissance thanks to the development of static site generators such as Jekyll, Hugo, Gatsby, 11ty, and Next.js among others which automate the tedious process of creating each static webpage. Unlike some other popular static site generators, Hugo’s multilingual capabilities are built-in, decreasing dependencies and complexity. This further lowers barriers to multilingual scholarly publishing, potentially increasing participation by historically marginalized communities as publishers and readers. Recetas de las Américas is a valuable case study in using the static site generator Hugo to publish a bilingual Spanish/English website. By sharing our workflow and lessons learned we hope to help others create their own multilingual static websites.

Responsive Web Design for Educational Institution: A Case of ALUMNIAppsapps

Responsive Web Design for Educational Institution: A Case of ALUMNIAppsapps

Computational design of asymptotic geodesic hybrid gridshells via propagation algorithms

Complex architectural structures may be built in a simple and cost-effective way if their geometry respects the fabrication constraints. Examples of such structures are provided by gridshells that are built from straight and flat slats which are bent on site so that they become tangential or normal to the design surface. Tangential slats follow geodesic curves on the surface, while normal slats are attached along asymptotic curves. Extending work by Frei Otto, Julius Natterer and others, who placed the slats tangentially, Eike Schling proposed structures which also contain slats normal to the reference surface. In the present paper we address those gridshells that consist of three families of bent elements, either tangential or normal to the design surface, and are arranged in a triangular web. We propose algorithms for the computational design of such webs that start from a boundary strip and propagate it, partially under additional guidance, to an entire web.