Web Design Research Articles

USABILITY AS A PROBLEM OF EXPRESSIVE WEB DESIGN TOOLS: FROM THE PRACTICE OF WEB USABILITY TO THE CONTEXT OF WEB ACCESSIBILITY

The article is devoted to the problem of analyzing the issue of web usability and web accessibility of using educational web resources in the context of the problems of expressive web design tools. The author considers web usability and web accessibility systems as components of a universal design problem that goes beyond narrow technical issues of website content consumption. An important component of the research discourse of the publication is the study and interpretation of the experience of using educational Internet resources from the point of view of the system of expressive means, aesthetic solutions and artistic and project properties of web design. It is concluded that the artistic nature of an educational website has the capacity for representation within the user experience. It is proved that the parameter of external consistency of expressive means is extremely important for the problem of web accessibility. If a website's learning model uses more than one visual system, this requires coordination of visual solutions at all levels of interface design. The author emphasizes that the practice of gaining experience using an educational web resource is based on functional criteria. At the same time, the usability characteristics are not enough to identifythe typological structure of a certain site and to determine, on this basis, a universal approach to the construction of visual solutions. Practically in all the considered cases there are artistic-figurative or aesthetic-stylistic features, which are either part of the functioning system, or are considered as independent aesthetic components. The inevitability in the functioning of websites requires designers to come up with such solutions that would determine not only the functional properties of the website, but also its artistic direction. The conducted analysis shows that the aesthetics of network Internet resources is formed based on the principles of usability and is a utilitarian system that has its own functionality and a wide range of usage norms. Based on this, educational websites have significant differences compared to representative web resources that form visual messages within a different artistic and figurative system.

Perancangan Prototipe Web Diseminasi Sensus Pertanian 2023 dengan Responsive Web Design

After carrying out the complete enumeration in the 2023 Agricultural Census, BPS is obliged to present the data that has been obtained through data dissemination, one of which uses a website. However, the previous census web dissemination, ST2013, only got usability testing results of 66.19% and mobile device users had difficulty viewing information on the web. Therefore, we need a ST2023 web dissemination that has a responsive design on all screen sizes. To overcome this problem, researchers conducted a study to design a responsive 2023 Agricultural Census Dissemination Web Prototype using Responsive Web Design techniques. The prototype was then evaluated using usability testing and got a result of 81.64%. Responsiveness and compatibility tests on various browsers have also been carried out and got the results that the prototype is responsive on all screen sizes and performs well in most browsers on different devices.

PROTOTYPING A WEB-PUBLISHED ACADEMIC ENGLISH COURSEBOOK FOR INDONESIAN PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM STUDENTS

This publication addresses the prototyping phase of a web-published academic English coursebook, which is exclusively designed and developed to assist the 6th semester primary school teacher education study program students at Universitas Negeri Makassar in learning academic English. Large-scale social restriction due to Covid-19 pandemic, which restricts any form of regular face-to-face meeting, and the fact that an English coursebook has not been developed yet at the locus of this study led the authors to set this as both an important and urgent goal to be reached through design-based research, which comprised (1) preliminary study; (2) prototyping; (3) assessment; and (4) systematic reflection. In prototyping the artefact, standard web programming languages including PHP, HTML, and CSS were synergized. The samples of this study were 5 classes consisting of 125 6th semester students majoring in primary school teacher education study program at Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia. Through iterative cycle of prototyping, the findings of this study provide an ideal design of a web-published academic English coursebook exclusively addressed to solve a contextual educational issue detected in the locus of this research, as mandated by literature on design-based research. Besides, this publication discusses ideas of web design and development that work for academic English learning purposes. In addition, this publication also deals with the effectiveness issue of the web-published academic English coursebook in assisting non-English major students in learning academic English through online distance learning delivery mode. This publication theoretically contributes to the domain of teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) and instructional learning design.

Professional training of future fine arts teachers for the use of graphic design

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of training future fine arts teachers for the use of graphic design. The goal of the article is to systematize and generalize scientific research on the training of future fine arts teachers for the use of graphic design. It was specified that in modern society the issues of forming the professional qualities of the art teacher, creating the conditions that would ensure their training in the system of higher pedagogical education are becoming particularly acute. After all, nowadays there is a need to develop design skills and mastery in future art teachers who could use graphic design in their professional activity, as well as teach this craft to students so that they can create brochures, magazines, books, advertising products, various packaging, web design etc. It has been proven that the training of such specialists who have the basics of design culture is an urgent problem of modern art pedagogy. It was determined that the formation of design skills in students as an integral component of the professional qualities of a future teacher of fine arts is realized in the process of their activity, during which individual characteristics are manifested, which contribute to the formation of a person’s positive attitude towards their profession and the people with whom they work, as well as the desire for personal growth and professional improvement. In general, the training of future fine arts teachers for the use of graphic design is a long, controlled, responsible process of forming professional competences, the result of which is knowledge and skills that future specialists will use in their further activities; it is the unity of theoretical and practical readiness of future teachers of fine arts to use graphic design in their professional activities. It has been confirmed that proper training of future art teachers with established professional competences will provide opportunities to become competitive in the service market.

Accessibility to E-Commerce Websites for People with Disability in Indonesia

Using a website has become a primary method for delivering information, doing promotion, and marketing activities. E-commerce business people acknowledged the importance of developing a reliable website to reach the market through the internet, as part of e-service, especially in a country with a large market share like Indonesia. Unfortunately, not every e-commerce web designer is aware of the website accessibility criteria, the lack of awareness creates barriers for persons with disabilities to access e-commerce websites, as buyers and sellers. The accessibility gap of those website limits the ability of persons with disabilities to optimize the presence of e-commerce as an economic opportunity. We need to overcome the barriers to create an inclusive society in Indonesia. This paper aims to provide an overview of the accessibility of e-commerce websites in Indonesia, to find the common web accessibility issues, classified them comparatively into several tiers, type of issues, and then calculates the correlation of total issues with the number of visitors. This study analyzes 39 e-commerce websites. We evaluate based on Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0, using an automated tool called "aXe". The study shows evidence of various accessibility issues of e-commerce websites in Indonesia, emphasizing the necessity of web designers to pay more attention to accessibility for users with disabilities. This study also provides several recommendations to website accessibility as part of e-service quality.

Rancang Bangun Website Reservasi Ramadhan Futsal Cilacap Dengan Metode Rapid Application Development

Futsal is a sport that is also popular with soccer players or fans. This sport aims to score as many goals as possible into the opponent's goal, just like soccer. The futsal field which is smaller than soccer allows it to be played indoors or outdoors, in this case several enterprise provide futsal field rental services, one of which is Ramadhan Futsal located in Cilacap Regency, Central Java. The Ramadhan Futsal field reservation process still uses conventional methods by coming directly to the field or through whatsapp media, the payment process is also by coming directly to the location. The reservation process requires extra time and costs in traveling to the location. Based on these problems, this research proposes a solution in the form of a futsal field reservation web design. The development method used is Rapid Application Development with iteration in design step. The implementation process with PHP language assisted with Laravel framework and SQL database. Testing is conducted using the black-box testing method to Ramadhan Futsal worker and Visitor, from 20 stages of testing, all of the tests were declared as success.

Математичне моделювання стохастичної динаміки взаємодії студентів різних спеціальностей в процесі інтегрованого навчання

The article proposes the concept of assessing the level of optimal load modes in terms of tasks (flow of tasks) for two groups of students in the process of integrated education in the specialty 126 "Information systems and technologies" and specialty 022 "Web design", by using the toolkit of Markov chains and equations Kolmogorov. The proposed approach allows you to reproduce the dynamics of states and the results of the mutual influence of two social groups, which are represented by a contingent of students in the context of processing the flow of tasks. Possible options for research may include comparing the level of productivity of each group, the influence of factors affecting their work, as well as the calculation of probabilities of states of social groups over time and marginal probabilities.

WEB EXPLORATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE WITH LIMITED ACCESSIBILITY: FIRST EXPERIMENTATION FOR HYPOGEUM ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES

Abstract. The accessibility to hypogeum archaeological sites is still one of the main challenges for the dissemination of Cultural Heritage knowledge, especially in the territories rich of ancient ruins like the Mediterranean area, where modern cities often hide underground ruins of historical settlements making the accessibility of these sites very difficult or even impossible. Digital reconstructions and virtual reality applications result in many cases the only chance to explore these archaeological sites. Terrestrial laser scanning and photogrammetry are the main technologies able now to digitise at a very high-level detail the hypogeum environments, whilst web virtual navigation systems are smart solutions for their dissemination and virtual fruition. However, this approach has some critical issues since the online virtual fruition needs further 3D model elaborations and web design processes. The work aims to develop and implement a web exploration system for the web fruition of hypogeum archaeological sites. The research was carried out on two hypogeum sites in Marsala (Italy), part of the ancient Roman city of Lylibaeum. The system was developed using WebGL JavaScript open-source libraries, allowing the construction of a virtual 3D navigation platform accessible on the web. In particular, in this work, the 3D dataset elaboration necessary to solve the limitations relative to the web browsing of complex 3D datasets is investigated and a possible smart solution based on open-source technology is proposed.

P-573 What are Greek adults’ and teenagers’ knowledge and attitudes to having children?

Abstract Study question What is the level of fertility awareness and attitudes to having children among Greek teenagers and adults? Summary answer Fertility awareness among Greek teenagers and adults is limited with fundamental misconceptions which may be defining attitudes and may impact family planning and reproductive autonomy. What is known already According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Greece is among the countries with the highest maternal age at first birth worldwide, while the total fertility rate has decreased alarmingly. The shift towards delayed parenthood is attributed to the lack of education concerning fertility issues and family planning options within the reproductive age population. This leads to dramatic misinterpretations regarding reproductive dynamic and respective choices. This study aimed to present current data and identify knowledge gaps. This will indicate where future initiatives should be focused to improve fertility awareness and education while respecting reproductive autonomy and individualism. Study design, size, duration This was a mixed methods study using an anonymous, online questionnaire. A 41-item questionnaire for adults and a 46–item questionnaire for teenagers were developed originating from a validated questionnaire from a previously published survey conducted in the UK. A total of 780 respondents completed the survey, which was live between the 11th and 26th of May 2022. Participants/materials, setting, methods Participants were adults and teenagers aged 17-45, who had not yet had children but wanted to in the future. Online Survey Software & Tools for WEB design was employed to generate a friendly-format questionnaire for the respondents. The methodology employed was via CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interviews). The questionnaire addressed demographics, knowledge on fertility matters, opinions and attitudes towards childbearing. Respondents were also offered the “prefer not to say”, and “don’t know” options. Main results and the role of chance The ideal age to have the first child differed significantly between men and women (32.33±4.50 vs 30.64±3.94; p < 0.001), as did the ideal age to have competed a family (38.71±5.18 vs 36.97±4.71; p < 0.001). Teenagers preferred to have completed their family at a younger age than the adults (33.82±5.87 vs 37.64±4.96; p < 0.001). The desired children number was 2.30±0.7 for men, 2.37±0.71 for women and 2.38±0.7 for teenagers. One third overestimated dramatically the start of fertility decline identifying it as age 46. Over 50% of men and teenagers were not aware of the timing of a women’s fertile window. Women seemed to be more informed on fertility and choose the physician as the educational resource (69%, 261/392), while men were mainly informed from their partners, and choose internet as the educational resource (67%,163/244). Women appeared more concerned with their fertility (191/392 vs 64/244) and felt more pressure to have children compared to men (135/392 vs 54/244; p = 0.02) mainly by their family. Interestingly, relating to reasons that my affected the decision to have children, the most common response for women was “I am not financially ready” (45%, 175/392), compared to men’s “I am ready to have children now” (39%, 96/244). Limitations, reasons for caution The fact that more women than men were included in the teenagers’ group posed a limitation. This study portrays knowledge and attitudes of a population of reproductive age that wants to have children, and hence cannot reflect on knowledge and attitudes on fertility of the general population. Wider implications of the findings Findings identify misinterpretations that may jeopardize family-planning, and lead to unintentional childlessness and age-related infertility. The desired number of children was greater than the actual number reported by OECD. This data calls the scientific community to enable informed reproductive choices by working interdisciplinary towards all-inclusively educating the general population. Trial registration number Not applicable

Adapting a Telephone-Based, Dyadic Self-management Program to Be Delivered Over the Web: Methodology and Usability Testing.

The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified the need for web-based behavioral interventions to support individuals who are diagnosed with chronic conditions and their informal caregivers. However, most interventions focus on patient outcomes. Dyadic technology-enabled interventions that simultaneously improve outcomes for patients and caregivers are needed. This study aimed to describe the methodology used to adapt a telephone-based, facilitated, and dyadic self-management program called Self-care Using Collaborative Coping Enhancement in Diseases (SUCCEED) into a self-guided, web-based version (web-SUCCEED) and to conduct usability testing for web-SUCCEED. We developed web-SUCCEED in 6 steps: ideation-determine the intervention content areas; prototyping-develop the wireframes, illustrating the look and feel of the website; prototype refinement via feedback from focus groups; finalizing the module content; programming web-SUCCEED; and usability testing. A diverse team of stakeholders including content experts, web designers, patients, and caregivers provided input at various stages of development. Costs, including full-time equivalent employee, were summarized. At the ideation stage, we determined the content of web-SUCCEED based on feedback from the program's original pilot study. At the prototyping stage, the principal investigator and web designers iteratively developed prototypes that included inclusive design elements (eg, large font size). Feedback about these prototypes was elicited through 2 focus groups of veterans with chronic conditions (n=13). Rapid thematic analysis identified two themes: (1) web-based interventions can be useful for many but should include ways to connect with other users and (2) prototypes were sufficient to elicit feedback about the esthetics, but a live website allowing for continual feedback and updating would be better. Focus group feedback was incorporated into building a functional website. In parallel, the content experts worked in small groups to adapt SUCCEED's content, so that it could be delivered in a didactic, self-guided format. Usability testing was completed by veterans (8/16, 50%) and caregivers (8/16, 50%). Veterans and caregivers gave web-SUCCEED high usability scores, noting that it was easy to understand, easy to use, and not overly burdensome. Notable negative feedback included "slightly agreeing" that the site was confusing and awkward. All veterans (8/8, 100%) agreed that they would choose this type of program in the future to access an intervention that aims to improve their health. Developing and maintaining the software and hosting together cost approximately US $100,000, excluding salary and fringe benefits for project personnel (steps 1-3: US $25,000; steps 4-6: US $75,000). Adapting an existing, facilitated self-management support program for delivery via the web is feasible, and such programs can remotely deliver content. Input from a multidisciplinary team of experts and stakeholders can ensure the program's success. Those interested in adapting programs should have a realistic estimate of the budget and staffing requirements.

K modifikované koncepci "Akademického slovníku současné češtiny"

The presented paper is an outline of changes in the conception of the Academic Dictionary of Contemporary Czech (ADCC) for the period from 2020 onwards. We summarize the basic points of both the already implemented and planned changes in the concept and briefly characterize the future direction of work on the ADCC. The main motivation for the changes taken is the aim to finalize the dictionary core as soon as possible. In the paper we focus especially on issues regarding web design and macrostructural, microstructural as well as mediostructural phenomena. We are based, among other things, on the following postulates: (a) In accordance with the lexicographic trends of the present, the user aspect is given more emphasis in the ADCC than in the past. (b) We strive to create a lexical platform that will include various other dictionaries and offer links to corpora. (c) The ADCC is built as a growing dictionary, in the first phase the entries of 50 thousand most frequent words of contemporary Czech will be published.

The Impact of E-Accounting Service Quality on Customer’s Repurchase Intention: The Role of Customer Satisfaction as A Mediator - A Case Study in Vietnam

E-accounting service is a term that pertains to electronic accounting, which encompasses accounting systems that use computer technology for the recording and handling of financial data within organizations (Noronha & Kulkarni, 2012). The market for e-accounting services in Vietnam is becoming increasingly vibrant and fiercely competitive among service providers (Vu, 2021). This study aims to evaluate the factors influencing the quality of e-accounting services and subsequently determine the impact of e-accounting service quality on customer’s repurchase intention through the mediating factor of customer satisfaction. Through a survey of 380 firms that have been using e-accounting services, the study confirms that web design, customer service, security, and fulfillment positively influence the quality of e-accounting service quality. Furthermore, e-accounting service quality has a relatively strong effect on customer repurchase intention. The study also proposes several solutions to encourage e-accounting service quality as a basis for service providers to improve customer satisfaction and intention to repurchase their services.

Website Design Of Junior High School (Smp) Negeri 21 Bengkulu As Information Media And Promotion

In cyberspace there is a lot of information that is needed, especially in the world of education, therefore in this Global network SMP Negeri 21 Bengkulu Tengah which is one of the educational institutions in Bengkulu Province, especially in Central Bengkulu, needs to make breakthroughs and innovations in promoting its existence by creating a web site. With the creation of a Web site SMP Negeri 21 Bengkulu Tengah is very helpful for students and teachers in getting the information they need, all information needs about activities in the teaching and learning process and extracurricular activities can be obtained and seen on this website. The information is presented in a series of systems in the form of attractive web pages and designs using Xampp, Mysql and Dreamweaver Cs4 programs.The process of running the program to enter the website page the first time a person will enter on the initial display there are several menu tobols. The profile page is information at a glance about the school and activities at the school while our Services page has several menus including menus of school facilities, study rooms, school buildings, and sports, then on the contact us page there is complete school address information. The next menu is the guest book, in this guest book there is a column that can be filled in by web site visitors in the form of suggestions and responses that are to advance the Website of SMP Negeri 21 Bengkulu Tengah. The next menu is an information menu containing a location plan and road direction, this aims to provide information to website visitors in order to find out the location plan of SMP Negeri 21 Bengkulu. From the information above, it can be concluded that website programming using Dreamweaver CS4 macromedia can produce a website that looks attractive, and helps provide information and as a means of promotion increases competitiveness in accepting new students, and this website can be updated.

E-SERV-EX: A Multi-item Scale for Measuring Customer Expectations from the Online Retail Services

Purpose: The purpose of this article is the scale development, refinement, and psychometric evaluation of the multi-item scale (E-SERV-EX) for assessing the customers’ expectations from the online retail services and exploring the impact of different demographic and behavioral factors on customer’s expectation. Design/Methodology/Approach: It was conclusive research, which is quantitative and cross-sectional in nature. Data were collected through a survey method using a structured questionnaire from 518 respondents, selected through judgmental sampling from Delhi NCT. The primary statistical tools used in the study were exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis for scale development, and partial least square-structural equation modelling for hypothesis testing. Findings: The final scale had 31 items divided into nine dimensions. Assurance/trust, efficiency, fulfillment/reliability, responsiveness, security/privacy, web-design, personalization, price aspects, and customer engagement. Scales demonstrated good psychometric properties based on the findings from various reliability and validity tests conducted in this study. Web design was the most crucial factor, and personalization was the least important factor expected. When we speak about demographic factors, males had more expectations than females in individual and overall expectations. With an increase in age and income, customers’ expectations from online retailer services decrease. With the increase in distance from the physical retail outlet, customers’ expectations from online retail service increase. Consumers with more experience in internet usage and online retail usage had higher expectations. Consumers who surf and purchase more from online retailers also expect more. Practical Implications: The e-expectation scale developed in this study will help marketers and retailers better understand e-service quality expectations. Knowing the consumers’ expectations would help the retailers in framing the e-marketing mix and strategies. The expectations scale can be used in policy formulation and web designing. This scale will also help fill GAP 1 (expected service and management’s perceptions of consumer expectations) and GAP 5 (customer expectations and customer perceptions) of the service quality gap model of Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry. Originality/Value: This research paper contributes to the literature by developing, refining, and evaluating a novel multi-item scale, E-SERV-EX, with good psychometric properties for measuring customer expectations from online retail services whereas most of the papers in the past measured the perceptions. E-SERV-EX can be employed by marketers, retailers, and policymakers to develop effective e-marketing strategies, web designs, and policy formulation by understanding consumer expectations. Most importantly, this scale helps fill GAP 1 (expected service and management’s perceptions of consumer expectations) and GAP 5 (customer expectations and customer perceptions) of the service quality gap model proposed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry.

E-Commerce Website

Abstract: This research paper presents the design and development process of an e-commerce website using HTML, CSS, and React. The study aims to create a user-friendly and visually appealing platform for online shopping, focusing on enhancing user experience and optimizing performance. The research incorporates a comprehensive analysis of existing e-commerce websites, with a specific focus on improving navigation, usability, and conversion rates. Through the application of HTML, CSS, and React, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of these technologies in creating an engaging and efficient e-commerce website. The research findings highlight the significance of well-designed interfaces, intuitive navigation, and responsive design in enhancing customer satisfaction and driving business growth. The outcomes of this study provide valuable insights and practical implications for e-commerce businesses seeking to develop or enhance their online presence through effective web design and development practices.

AFFECTING OF E-COMMERCE WEBSITES ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: A CASE STUDY OF HOME PRODUCTS USERS

This study aims to find out how the website's design, the quality of the information, security, responsiveness, and trust all affect customer satisfaction in the context of e-Commerce website of home product users in the Thai population. The objectives of this study are to investigate web design, information quality, security, responsiveness, and trust toward customer satisfaction in e-Commerce websites in home products. Data was gathered through a customers of home products thru online survey, and 385 participants response from home product user were analyzed using the JAMOVI program. The research results indicate that web design, security, responsiveness, and trust are crucial factors affecting customer satisfaction towards e-Commerce websites of home products. However, information quality has insignificant affecting on customer satisfaction in e-Commerce websites of home products. The findings in this study suggest that e-Commerce websites should have a good design website of their home product contents accurately and quickly, responding to the customers properly.

SHEET WEBS OF LINYPHIOID SPIDERS (ARANEAE: LINYPHIIDAE, PIMOIDAE): THE LIGHT OF DIVERSITY HIDDEN UNDER A LINGUISTIC BASKET

Photographs of the webs of approximately 113 species in 52 genera show that the web architecture of linyphioid spiders (Linyphiidae and Pimoidae) present many variations on a single basic pattern. Nearly all species built webs with a more or less horizontal, continuous sheet with an open space just below the sheet. However, the details in the designs showed great diversity; we recognized >50 web traits, including positions relative to the ground or large objects; sheet shapes and orientations; secondary sheets; “slime” on the sheet; patterns and densities of lines in sheets; visible droplets on sticky lines; upward and downward directed dimples in the sheet with tensor lines; primary and secondary frame lines; retreats; and the presence, location, and designs of associated tangles. This survey probably substantially underestimates both intraspecific and intrageneric diversity of web forms. Intrageneric comparisons in just over 20 genera documented varying degrees of intrageneric variation; some genera show striking differences. Several web designs were widely distributed: sheets with dense tangles above commonly had arrays of lines attached to the sheet's upper surface; downward dimples in sheets commonly occurred at sites where the sheet curved upward, but upward-directed dimples were rare and small; and sheets built next to the surface of the ground almost always lacked extensive tangles above them. New web patterns not previously reported for linyphiid webs include: sandwich webs (pairs of closely spaced, otherwise naked sheets); extensive vertical sheets next to tree trunks; tubular retreats at the edges of the sheet where the spider rests; trough-like sheets just above the upper surface of a curled leaf; sizeable, apparently sticky droplets densely covering many lines that were apparently placed in pairs in the sheet; long sheet lines that converge at one corner; runways to a sheltered site where the spider waits beyond the sheet's edge; and apparent skeleton lines in the sheet (probably from early stages of construction). Patterns of lines within the sheet may reflect patterns of movement during sheet construction behavior. We propose that some webs on the substrate function to extend the spider's sensory field rather than detain prey and that some tangles below and perhaps some above the sheet may function to defend the spider from enemies. A suite of linyphiid traits, including leg, chelicera, and spinneret morphology; details of web design, such as numerous small upward-directed dimples in dome-shaped sheets but fewer, large downward-directed dimples in cup-shaped sheets; and attack behavior, appears to function to increase the speed with which spiders attack prey. The functions of many architectural features remain obscure.

Optimization of the Assessment Method Used in Web Design and Website Construction Course

In this article, the shortcomings of the existing assessment method used in Web Design and Website Construction course are analyzed, and the assessment method is optimized based on the practice of project-based teaching reform. The main idea is to take project implementation as the leading factor, increase the assessment proportion in the course teaching process, and assume actual static website design and implementation as the final assessment goal. This assessment method improves the shortcomings of existing assessment methods to a certain extent and comprehensively reflects the overall learning situation of students.

Survey Paper on Automated Tour Planner

We propose an algorithm called the Balanced Orienteering Problem, to design trips for tourists. This algorithm, combined with a recommender system for Travel and tourism management system is used to book a tour from anywhere in the world by a single dynamic website which will help the user to know all about the places and tour details in a single website. The admin can add packages to the website from a certain travel agents and hotels by create a tour page. Then the users can sign in and book each project, they can be confirmed by the admin in them manage booking page. The user can see the confirmation in my booking page. It is an easiest platform for all travellers which can be easily booked and know the all details. Tour Management system is a dynamic website for tourism business. It is dynamic and responsive web design. It is also called travel technology solution for agencies tour operation. Nearly Everyone goes on a vacation for this ‘a Tourism management system’ would play a vital role in planning the perfect trip.

Creating an International Resource Center for Pandemic and Disaster Nursing Education and Training

Introduction:Globally, nurses play pivotal roles in epidemic and emergency response. Nurses’ actions include supporting and informing surveillance and detection, dispensing live-saving medical countermeasures, implementing prevention and response interventions, providing direct care for patients, educating patients and the public, providing health systems leadership, and counseling community members. Despite these roles, there exist gaps in how countries train and prepare their nursing workforce for these health threats.Method:To help address this gap, the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security has developed an International Resource Center for Pandemic and Disaster Nursing. We have established an international working group to provide input on the goals and mission of the center, website development and functionality, and advocacy efforts. This working group has met four times over the course of the last year. We have also met with several organizations involved in nursing and epidemic and disaster preparedness and response, including the World Health Organization and the International Council of Nurses (ICN), to identify ways to align our work with other ongoing efforts.Results:Presently, we have developed a static website that provides access to evidence-based, open-source trainings and educational resources applicable to pandemic and disaster nursing. The website also provides listings of upcoming webinars, guest blog posts, trainings, and conferences relevant to disaster and pandemic nursing. The website will be launched in early 2023.Conclusion:The long-term vision for this center is to expand beyond a static website and create a vibrant and fully staffed virtual center. This center would be the first of its kind dedicated to developing the resources, technical assistance, partnerships, and advocacy efforts needed to build and support a global nursing workforce that is prepared for outbreaks and disasters. It would build on the existing wealth of expertise within the working group and forge lasting connections between disaster nurse experts across the globe.