Web-based Pharmacy Research Articles

Perancaangan Sistem Informasi Apotik Berbasis Web: Optimalisasi Layanan Pelanggan

This research discusses the development and implementation of a "Web-Based Pharmacy Information System" which aims to improve the efficiency of customer service and drug inventory management. By using web technology, PHP programming language, and MySQL database, this system allows pharmacies to monitor drug stocks in real-time, manage patient information, and provide integrated services. The use of PHP and MySQL in developing this application allows the automation of administrative tasks, including drug stock tracking, orders, and patient data management. This system also facilitates customer service with easy access to drug information and online drug ordering services. The research results show that the implementation of the Web-Based Pharmacy Information System has succeeded in increasing pharmacy efficiency, reducing drug stock shortages, and improving customer service. This system supports integrated drug management by integrating patient data, drug stock and customer service in one platform. Overall, this system illustrates how the use of web, PHP, and MySQL technologies can optimize customer service and medication inventory management in the pharmacy context, providing major benefits to pharmacies and patients.

Sistem Informasi Apotek Happy Berbasis Web

Happy pharmacy is a pharmacy that sells medicine located at street Kp. Asam, Kec. Rangkui, Pangkalpinang City, Bangka Belitung Island 33684. In running its business, Happy Pharmacy still uses a conventional system where all information regarding drug sales and sales reports is still done manually. This causes problems such as the problems that occr at the Happy Pangkalpinang Pharmacy, the author created a web-based pharmacy information system with the aim of making it easier for users to process and provide information regarding pharmacy data and to support the work effectiveness and accuracy of existing pharmacy data. the method that the author useus in building a web-based pharmacy information system uses the waterfall method which consists of several stages such as analysis, design, coding, testing and implementation. Data collection techniques used in the web-based pharmacy information system are interviews, observation and literature study. For system development, the language used PHP,MySQL.

DEVELOPMENT OF A WEB SERVICE FOR MONITORING IN PHARMACIES

Abstract. Nowadays, information technology is widely implemented in various spheres of life, including health care. This paper presents a web-based pharmacy monitoring service that plays an important role in improving the accessibility and convenience of health care. The article covers the development of pharmacy business processes, highlighting key performance factors such as sales performance and service levels. The web service architecture provides secure storage of medication and pricing data. The service is designed with simplicity and intuitiveness in mind, making it easy to order medications for different user groups. The analytics and reporting components provide management with the tools to make informed decisions based on sales data. The security and confidentiality of medical data is an important consideration. Web service development and maintenance requires an integrated approach, providing a reliable, convenient and secure service for medication ordering and pharmacy monitoring.
 Keywords: web service, monitoring, business processes, medication, databases, interface, architecture.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Apotek Manajemen dan Penjualan Obat Berbasis Web

This research aims to design and develop a web-based pharmacy information system to enhance efficiency and effectiveness of services in pharmacies. This web-based pharmacy information system has the potential to provide significant benefits in medication management, including accurate information about medications, improved inventory management, and enhanced patient care. The development method used in this research is the waterfall model, which includes stages such as requirements analysis, system design, coding, implementation, and testing. By using this method, the pharmacy information system was successfully designed and implemented, incorporating essential features such as medication data management, purchase and sales transactions, and reports that support efficient pharmacy management. The results of system testing show that the pharmacy information system functions well and meets expectations. This system facilitates users in managing medication data and transactions in the pharmacy. With this information system, pharmacy managers can operate their businesses more efficiently and provide better service to customers.

SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN DAN PEMBELIAN OBAT PADA APOTEK DIKA FARMA PONTIANAK BERBASIS WEB

ABSTRACT Pharmacies play a very important role in health services. Pharmacy as a form of business that has a high complexity also requires an information system in its business activities. All forms of recording, starting from recording incoming drug data, purchasing transactions, selling, searching for drug data and checking stocks to making reports are still done manually. This designed system aims to produce a drug sales and purchase information system at a web-based pharmacy in which it is integrated with an expired drug notification system, computerized recording of sales and purchase transactions, purchase and sales reports, assisting drug data management, and providing information to the public. regarding the availability of stock and the price of the drug sought at the Dika Farma Pontianak Pharmacy only through the web. This application is made using the stages of the Waterfall model which can produce data that is easily accessible, accurate, and fast in the report generation process.

Sistem Informasi Geografis Apotek di Kotawaringin Timur Berbasis Web

Geographical Information System is an information system that is specialized in processing data that has spatial information (spatial reference). In a narrower sense, a Geographical Information System is a computer system that has the ability to build, store, manage and display geographic information, for example, data that is identified according to its location in a database. The purpose of this geographic information system is to find out information on the location of the distribution of pharmacies and drug data information in East Kotawaringin, so as to help people and people who are not native to East Kotawaringin. The development of a web-based pharmacy geographic information system in East Kotawaringin uses the programming language PHP and MySQL as the database system.

Evaluation of online counselling services based on Turkish web-based pharmacy care setting: A retrospective observational study.

To determine the types of online pharmacy care services provided by the clinical pharmacists regarding identification of medication-related problems, provision of counselling services for health and disease conditions alongside medications' counselling for patients seeking online consultation about health, medication and lifestyle concerns based on Turkish web-based pharmacy care setting(WPCS). A retrospective, descriptive cohort study carried out on patients during their online visiting of Turkish WPCS seeking consultation for diverse kinds of concerns from September 2015 to March 2016. Patients' health and medication data were gathered for assessment of health-, medication- and lifestyle-related concerns. Descriptive analysis and Chi square test were used to analyse study data. Study outcomes included personalised online pharmacy care services regarding identification of medication-related problems, counselling services for health and disease conditions and medications' counselling alongside associations with counselling-related concerns by the WPCS. A total of 350 participants enrolled in this study and the majority of them were women (62.6%). Dermatological and gynaecological conditions represented the majority of disease conditions (51.4%, 44.6%), respectively. Within 1year, 63.7% of the study participants visited the Turkish WPCS more than three times. Medication- and health-related concerns were reported by 90.8% and 68.3% of the study participants, respectively. Medication side effects (44.1%) and an inappropriate medication timing (31.4%) were the major medication-related problems identified. A total of 477 different counselling services regarding health conditions and 990 counselling regarding medications were provided by the clinical pharmacist through the Turkish WPCS. The WPCS could be considered as an additional option for the clinical pharmacist to provide care services regarding identification of medication-related problems, provision of counselling about health and disease conditions alongside different medication counselling to improve health conditions and proper pharmacotherapy management.

Over-The-Counter Codeine: Can Community Pharmacy Staff Nudge Customers into Its Safe and Appropriate Use?

The misuse of opioids, including codeine which is sold over-the-counter (OTC) in United Kingdom (UK) community pharmacies, is a growing public health concern. An educational Patient Safety Card was developed and piloted to see if it nudged customers into the safe and appropriate use of OTC codeine. Exploratory analysis was conducted by (i) recording quantitative interactions for people requesting OTC codeine in community pharmacies; and (ii) a web-based pharmacy staff survey. Twenty-four pharmacies submitted data on 3993 interactions using the Patient Safety Card. Staff found the majority of interactions (91.3%) to be very or quite easy. Following an interaction using the card, customers known to pharmacy staff as frequent purchasers of OTC codeine were more likely not to purchase a pain relief medicine compared to customers not known to staff (5.5% of known customers did not purchase any pain relief product versus 1.1% for unknown customers (χ2 = 41.73, df = 1, p < 0.001)). These results support both the use of a visual educational intervention to encourage appropriate use of OTC codeine in community pharmacy and the principles behind better self-care.

Swedish Pharmacy Students' Expectations and Perceptions of Their Education and Future Pharmacy Profession.

Distance education is becoming more and more common, and today distance education is well established within academic settings. The aim was to investigate first-year pharmacy students’ expectations and perceptions of web-based pharmacy programs and of their future profession. Furthermore, student characteristics were compared over time. A questionnaire was distributed to all first-year students admitted to the pharmacy programs at Umeå University in 2017. The students were asked questions about their background, motives for choosing pharmacy education, and their expectations and perceptions of their education and profession. Factors of most importance when choosing the education were: the education is interesting, leads to an interesting job, and is web-based. The students’ expectations of the education were high, and they want to learn as much as possible and be well prepared for their future profession. Regarding the students’ perception of their future profession, three themes were identified: to help other people, professional development, and employment related issues. Student characteristics have changed over the years, suggesting that the web-based pharmacy education and the flexibility it entails attracts other groups of students today compared with when the programs started.

Who enrols and graduates from web-based pharmacy education – Experiences from Northern Sweden

IntroductionAs a response to the shortage of prescriptionists in Northern Sweden, a web-based Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy program was introduced at Umeå University in 2003. This study explored who is likely to enrol and graduate from the web-based bachelor program and whether the program has addressed the shortage of prescriptionists in rural Northern Sweden. MethodsData from three different sources were included in this study; the initial cohort including students admitted to the program in 2003 (survey), the entire cohort including all people admitted to the program between 2003 and 2014 (university's admissions data) and the alumni cohort including graduates who participated in an alumni survey in 2015. ResultsA typical student of the web-based pharmacy program is female, over 30 years of age, married or in a de-facto relationship and has children. Furthermore, the students graduating before 2009 were more likely to live in Northern Sweden compared to those graduating later. Discussion and conclusionThe results indicate that the introduction of a web-based bachelor of pharmacy program at Umeå University was to some extent able to address the shortage of prescriptionists in Northern Sweden. Web-based education may potentially help address the maldistribution of health professionals by providing flexible education opportunities.

Pharmacists' satisfaction with their work: Analysis of an alumni survey.

The level of job satisfaction among practicing pharmacists is important because it has been found to affect job performance and employee turnover. The Swedish pharmacy market has undergone major changes in recent years, and little is known about pharmacists' job satisfaction. The objective of this study was to investigate the level of job satisfaction and associated factors among graduates from the web-based pharmacy programs at Umeå University. Job satisfaction of pharmacists was measured as part of an alumni survey conducted with those who graduated from the pharmacy programmes between 2006 and 2014. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, and logistic regression was used to explore factors affecting job satisfaction. The total number of graduates who completed the survey was 222 (response rate 43%.) The majority of respondents were female (95%), and most were employed at a community pharmacy (85%). The mean age was 39.7 years. The majority of graduates (91%) were satisfied with their job "most of the time" or "all of the time", and 87% of the respondents would "definitely" or "maybe" choose the same career again. The multivariate analysis showed that increasing years in the current position (OR: 0.672 (0.519-0.871)) was associated with lower job satisfaction. Older age (OR: 1.123 (1.022-1.234)), the perception that the knowledge and skills acquired during university education is useful in the current job (OR: 4.643 (1.255-17.182)) and access to continuing professional development (OR: 9.472 (1.965-45.662)) were associated with higher job satisfaction. Most graduates from the web-based pharmacy programmes were satisfied with their current job. Access to continuing professional development seems to be important for the level of job satisfaction among pharmacists.

Students' Satisfaction with a Web-Based Pharmacy Program in a Re-Regulated Pharmacy Market.

In response to the shortage of pharmacists in Northern Sweden, a web-based Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy program was established at Umeå University in 2003. In 2009, the Swedish pharmacy market was re-regulated from a state monopoly to an open market, but it is unknown what impact this has had on education satisfaction. The objectives of this study were to examine the level of satisfaction among graduates from a web-based pharmacy program and to describe what subjects and skills students would have liked more or less of in their education. A secondary objective was to compare the level of satisfaction before and after the Swedish pharmacy market was re-regulated. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2015 with all alumni who had graduated from the pharmacy program between 2006 and 2014 (n = 511), and responses to questions about graduates’ satisfaction with the program were analyzed (n = 200). Most graduates (88%) agreed or strongly agreed that the knowledge and skills acquired during their education were useful in their current job. The graduates stated that they would have wanted more applied pharmacy practice and self-care counselling, and fewer social pharmacy and histology courses. Further, 82% stated that they would start the same degree program if they were to choose again today, and 92% agreed or strongly agreed that they would recommend the program to a prospective student. Graduates were more likely to recommend the program after the re-regulation (p = 0.007). In conclusion, pharmacy graduates were very satisfied with their education, and no negative effects of the re-regulation could be observed on program satisfaction.

Prevention of adverse drug events and cost savings associated with PharmD interventions in an academic Level I trauma center

The financial benefit of an established clinical pharmacy service in the trauma intensive care unit has not been well-described. This study was conducted to identify adverse drug events prevented by the clinical pharmacy team and to determine the net cost savings associated with their input on a multidisciplinary trauma service. Between July 2010 and June 2011, we conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical pharmacy activities and interventions on our 31-bed trauma unit managed by a multidisciplinary team. At the initiation of the study, a Web-based pharmacy documentation system was officially integrated into the trauma pharmacy work process. Based on this system, the type of intervention and a value of cost savings ($0-$6,000) were assigned to each activity. Cost-saving values for interventions were calculated from the literature describing the costs of adverse drug events and average drug costs. Over the year, a total of 2,574 pharmacy activity entries were documented in the Quantifi system. The total conservative estimate of cost savings associated with clinical pharmacy interventions amounted to $565,664. Considering the mean US hospital pharmacist salary and the highest quoted cost associated with the Quantifi program, the net cost savings associated with our clinical pharmacist interventions on the trauma service was $428,327. Most of the interventions (53%) fell under the category of pharmacotherapy improvement, with 21% in the category of quality/safety improvement and 18% as antibiotic stewardship. Prevention of 34 serious adverse drug events was documented. Antibiotic changes and discontinuing medications were other common interventions. Antimicrobial medications (668), anticoagulants (270), and gastrointestinal medications (231) were the most common medication classes involved in pharmacy interventions. Using a Web-based pharmacy documentation system, we were able to demonstrate prevention of serious adverse drug events and a significant cost savings by including clinical pharmacy in a multidisciplinary approach to caring for the seriously injured. Economic analysis, level III; therapeutic study, level IV.

Pharmacy Quality Alliance: Five Phase I demonstration projects: Descriptions and lessons learned

To describe the five Phase I Pharmacy Quality Alliance (PQA) demonstration projects and discuss lessons learned across the projects. Descriptive nonexperimental study. United States from July 2008 to November 2009. Community pharmacies from five states. Pharmacies viewed their performance scores on a reporting website and provided feedback. Pharmacy performance scores and pharmacist feedback about the scores and reporting websites. Considerable variation was found in the pharmacy performance scores. Some pharmacies did not have enough patients taking medications that were included in specific performance measures. Use of a website to report pharmacy performance was feasible across several different approaches. PQA has developed measures of pharmacy performance that can be used in programs intended to report pharmacy performance. It is feasible to calculate pharmacy performance scores and create Web-based pharmacy performance reports to provide feedback to community pharmacists. Further development of pharmacy performance reporting should occur.

Part I: Introduction

The level of job satisfaction among practicing pharmacists is important because it has been found to affect job performance and employee turnover. The Swedish pharmacy market has undergone major changes in recent years, and little is known about pharmacists' job satisfaction.The objective of this study was to investigate the level of job satisfaction and associated factors among graduates from the web-based pharmacy programs at Umeå University.Job satisfaction of pharmacists was measured as part of an alumni survey conducted with those who graduated from the pharmacy programmes between 2006 and 2014. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, and logistic regression was used to explore factors affecting job satisfaction.The total number of graduates who completed the survey was 222 (response rate 43%.) The majority of respondents were female (95%), and most were employed at a community pharmacy (85%). The mean age was 39.7 years. The majority of graduates (91%) were satisfied with their job “most of the time” or “all of the time”, and 87% of the respondents would “definitely” or “maybe” choose the same career again. The multivariate analysis showed that increasing years in the current position (OR: 0.672 (0.519–0.871)) was associated with lower job satisfaction. Older age (OR: 1.123 (1.022–1.234)), the perception that the knowledge and skills acquired during university education is useful in the current job (OR: 4.643 (1.255–17.182)) and access to continuing professional development (OR: 9.472 (1.965–45.662)) were associated with higher job satisfaction.Most graduates from the web-based pharmacy programmes were satisfied with their current job. Access to continuing professional development seems to be important for the level of job satisfaction among pharmacists.

Educational Mentor Program in a Web-based Doctor of Pharmacy Degree Pathway

To establish a successful educational mentor program for the Web-based doctor of pharmacy pathway at Creighton University, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions. A recruitment process was established and the educational mentor's responsibilities were identified. The roles of faculty instructors, the Office of Information Technology and Learning Resources, the Office of Faculty Development and Assessment, and Web-based Pharmacy Pathway Office as it pertains to the training of educational mentors were clearly delineated. An evaluation process for all key aspects of the program was also put in place. Student, instructor, and mentor evaluations showed overall satisfaction with the program. Persistent areas of concern include the difficulty in motivating students to participate and/or engage in learning with the mentors. Many students remain unclear about mentors' roles and responsibilities. Lastly, in regards to mentors, there is a limited utilization of provided online resources. The educational mentor program has become an invaluable component of the Web pathway and has enhanced the interactions of students with the content and mentor.

Instructor Workload of a Campus-Based versus a Web-Based Pharmacy Course

Instructor workload and workload sources were com- pared between an elective campus-based and web-based pharmacy course. Instructor workload was measured for each pathway by documenting the total time required throughout the semester to teach, maintain and evalu- ate the course. Specific workload items that were measured included: in-class activities, e-mail communications, discussion boards, office vis- its and grading term-papers and examinations. The web-based students (n =16) required a 5.4% increase in total workload for the semester and nearly 28 minutes of additional workload per student compared to cam- pus-based students (n = 25). The majority of workload involved with the web-based course came from receiving and sending e-mail while work- load from the campus-based course primarily came from in-class ac- tivities. Faculty workload was higher in the web-based course versus the campus-based course. Similar studies should be conducted on other courses to determine if these results are generalizable. (Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-HAWORTH. E-mail address: Website:

Pharmacy Students’ Attitudes Regarding a Web-Based Guide to Drug Information

The purpose of this study was to assess pharmacy students' attitudes toward the use of Web-based pharmacy reference guides. Reference guides exist to assist the user to quickly locate the desired information through defined search strategies. Web-based guides have several distinct advantages over a printed format. One major advantage is that they can be easily edited and posted on an Internet server. A Likert-type rating scale was developed to assess pharmacy students' attitudes toward the usefulness and effectiveness of the pharmacy reference guides. A total of 270 students from four drug information/literature evaluation pharmacy school courses were surveyed; 182 (67%) students returned the survey. Percentages from five questions with the assigned rating of one through five (strongly disagree to strongly agree) indicated that most students either agree or strongly agree that the Web-based guides were easy to use and effective in locating pertinent drug information resources. In summary, the results indicate that the guides are performing the intended purpose.