Web-based GIS Research Articles

Adopting and using geospatial technologies for teaching geography in Latin American higher education

ABSTRACT The article presents the results of a regional study analysing the factors that predict Latin American faculty adoption and use of geospatial technologies (GST) for teaching geography. The research involved an online survey with 337 participants from 17 countries, who answered a set of items adapted from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology on five GST – desktop GIS, web-based GIS, remote sensing, GPS, and digital globes. The data was analysed using a structural equation modelling. The results confirmed that faculty who identified pedagogical benefits of using GST considered technologies as easy to master, and valued the opinion of people influential to them about using technologies were more likely to be motivated to use GST for teaching. In addition, faculty willing to use the GST and report adequate institutional conditions were more likely to be using the technologies for teaching. Additional statistical testing found that human geography faculty expressed an infrequent use of these technologies compared to their physical geography and geospatial technologies colleagues, who did report a more consistent use of GST. These findings suggest a divide among Latin American faculty regarding the motivation and institutional conditions to implement technologies, based on their field of expertise.

GIS TOURISM WEB BASED OF KAMPUNG SEBERANG RAMAI, PERLIS

Tourism is an industry with significant economic impact as it contributes to the development of other economic sectors through a multiplier effect. The location of Kampung Seberang Ramai, which is relatively unknown to the public, makes it difficult to discover this area with paper maps. In addition, this area has a good potential to become a tourist attraction in Perlis. Currently, the area is being upgraded by MAIP under the Diraja Program Transformasi Kampung Seberang Ramai project to make it more attractive. The technology of GIS has many potential applications in tourism management and planning. Some of the most important aspects of GIS that could support tourism planning are managing spatial data and providing important value-added information. The objective of this study is to develop a web-based system for Kampung Seberang Ramai, Perlis. This web-based system will allow public users to access and visualize all information about Kampung Seberang Ramai, Perlis. Web-based design and development using SDLC method with waterfall model, digitization process, attribute table creation and software for this research. The software used is ArcGIS, Google Earth Pro, ArcGIS Online, and Wix Web Editor. The method of this study was used to collect the tourism information and present the tourism web-based content for tourists and analyze the user satisfaction in developing web-based content in four phases: Planning, data collection, web-based design and development, and testing phases. The result of this study is the creation of a web-based GIS of Kampung Seberang Ramai that provides history information and supports tourism development in Perlis Land. The benefits of this study will encourage Kampung Seberang Ramai to become an attractive place in the tourism sector and provide benefits to local villages in the form of profit in the socio-economic sector. Kampung Seberang Ramai should become an attractive place in the tourism sector and provide benefits to the local villages in the form of profit in the socio-economic sector.

A GIS-based approach for estimating community transportation exposure and capacity in the context of disaster resilience

Transportation is a critical sector for communities. It is, however, particularly vulnerable to climate change, and a disruption in its infrastructure impacts the whole community. Enhancing the resilience of transportation infrastructure is vital for reliable and sustainable functionalities, and subsequently, to more resilient communities. There are indices and frameworks that assess and evaluate transportation resilience and performance, ranging from component-based, to network and system metrics. The existing approaches, however, usually overlook location and capacity of critical transportation components. These two characteristics possess significant effects on the resilience and performance of the transportation sector. Moreover, the stress type and its magnitude should be incorporated in the resilience assessment. In this work, we leverage a recent resilience quantification framework to compute the Exposure and Capacity-based Transportation Resilience Index (EC-TRI), describing the resilience of the transportation infrastructure, focusing on the location and capacity of certain assets. We argue for the adoption of this index as a complement to existing frameworks, and we develop a web-based GIS framework to evaluate EC-TRI for communities within New Jersey (NJ). The novelty of EC-TRI lies in its consideration for the stress level, the exposure and capacity characteristics of transportation assets, as well as in its practicality and scalability. Users can leverage EC-TRI to locate the weak and vulnerable components within the transportation network, and to provide a community-based assessment of the resilience level of the transportation infrastructure. In addition, we provide EC-TRI as a highly scalable GIS framework, providing users with the ability to adjust the quantification components as per local needs and priorities.

NATIONAL LAND COVER MAPPING USING VARIOUS REMOTE SENSING DATASETS IN GEE

National land-cover maps are essential for the development of the countries as land-use patterns have shifted dramatically throughout the world in the previous decades. With the latest development in the remote sensing community, the power and ease of web-mapping and web-based map and GIS services have increased. This work investigates several datasets for land cover categorization on a national scale across North Macedonia (25,713 km2) using Sentinel images within Google Earth Engine (GEE), a cloud computing platform designed to store and process huge data sets for analysis and ultimate decision making. Both single and synergetic use of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite images have been investigated. The basic land-cover components are generated, upon which the more detailed final land-cover/land-use data were derived and defined. Comparing the results of the datasets indicate the influence of the radar data over the optical data in land cover classification. Also, the influence of the investigated data over every class is calculated. The results showed that the various datasets lead to different overall accuracy. Also, the different datasets performed differently over single classes, even though their overall accuracy was the same. As a result, a high accuracy national-level land cover classification has been created. The results have been compared to the latest Corine data. The results can be critical to making informed policy, development, planning, and resource management decisions. This provided the standardized references from which landscape changes could be determined and quantified.

Development of Web-based Geographic Information System for Water Quality Monitoring of Watershed in Malang

Human activity and climate change significantly impact water quality, especially in Malang's watershed. This research aims to develop a web-based Geographic Information System (Web- GIS) for water quality monitoring in that watershed. The water quality data had been collected from Enviromental Office of Malang District and Malang City. Water quality in this application was determined using the STORET method, comparing water quality data to water quality standards according to Government regulation so that the water quality status at each monitoring point will be known. The total 57 monitoring points are visualized spatially in this application based on the sampling location plotted by Global Positioning System (GPS). The longitude and latitude coordinates of the monitoring location had been converted in GeoJSON using Quantum GIS (QGIS) software. Google Map API key was used to display a sampling location map on the website. Web-GIS application was tested functionally using a black box, compatibility, and usability testing. Based on the testing results, it worked correctly on Chrome, Edge, Mozilla, and Opera browsers for PC/Laptops and also for browsers on Android smartphones version 4 and above. The application could be appropriately used and efficiently based on usability testing results.

Pemetaan Lokasi Penjualan Pupuk Dan Obat-Obatan Pertanian Di Kabupaten Sumbawa Berbasis GIS (Geographic Information System)

Most of the residents of Sumbawa Regency live in rural areas with a livelihood as farmers. In agriculture, of course, farmers need the availability of fertilizers and agricultural medicines. Fertilizers and agricultural drugs have many benefits for farmers, one of which is to stimulate plant growth and to prevent pests on plants. This is done to increase the productivity of agricultural products. However, the existence of shops selling fertilizers and medicines spread across Sumbawa, especially in several sub-districts in Sumbawa Regency, makes farmers and the general public who do not know the area have difficulty finding information on the location of the sales shop. This study aims to produce a Web-based Geographic Information System by displaying a map visualization containing the location of shops selling agricultural fertilizers and medicines spread across Sumbawa Regency. In making this system using the programming language PHP and MySQL. The use of this system is expected to help the general public as well as local farmers who do not know the area in finding the location of shops selling agricultural fertilizers and medicines. This information system contains the address mapping of fertilizer and agricultural drug stores. The research was conducted in Sumbawa Regency. The results of this study are that the public can obtain information via smartphones, assist farmers and the general public in finding the location of sales stores. In addition, to shorten the time for farmers to find locations for selling agricultural fertilizers and medicines in the Sumbawa Regency area

Multipurpose GIS Portal for Forest Management, Research, and Education

The main objective of this research was to develop a web-based geographic information system (GIS) based on a detailed analysis of user preferences from the perspective of forest research, management and education. An anonymous questionnaire was used to elicit user preferences for a hardware platform and evaluations of web-mapping applications, geographic data, and GIS tools. Mobile GIS was used slightly more often than desktop GIS. Web-mapping applications that provide information to the public and the present research results were rated higher than the forest management application. Orthophotos for general purposes and thematic layers such as forest stand maps, soils, protected areas, cadastre, and forest roads were preferred over highly specialized layers. Tools for data searching, map printing, measuring, and drawing on digital maps were rated higher than tools for online map editing and geographic analysis. The analysis of user preferences was used to design a new multipurpose GIS portal for the University Forest Enterprise. The GIS portal was designed with a three-tier architecture on top of the software library for managing user access, working interactively with digital maps, and managing web map applications. The web map applications focus on tools and geographic information not available elsewhere, specifically timber harvest and logistics, research plots, and hunting game management.

Development of WebGIS using open source geospatial technologies for Krau Wildlife Reserve

Malaysia has a significant amount of biodiversity and has developed protected areas to conserve and sustain this tremendous degree of biodiversity. A protected area is known for its recognized natural, ecological or cultural values. However, the protected areas confront many obstacles, including poor or non-existent management plans. Remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can help with the speedy and cost-effective identification of biodiversity and environmentally sensitive areas. WebGIS (Web-based GIS) is useful for simplifying complicated geographical and temporal data on biodiversity such as the existence of threatened species, protected areas, and as well as on socially and environmentally significant ecosystem services. This study aimed to produce a WebGIS platform for Krau Wildlife Reserve (KWR) protected area using geospatial remote sensing and GIS data. The developed WebGIS played an important role in evaluating human activities near KWR that may impact the ecology and result in the extinction of natural habitats.

ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS KEBUN KOPI 2016 – 2019 DENGAN METODE SPASIAL TEMPORAL (STUDI KASUS: SELURUH INDONESIA)

In 2019 Indonesia was ranked 4th (fourth) after Brazil, Vietnam, and Colombia as the world's largest coffee producer, 760,963 tons produced from 1.2 million hectares of land consisting of smallholder plantations (Perkebunan Rakyat / PR), large private plantations (Perkebunan Besar Swasta / PBS), and large state plantations (Perkebunan Besar Negara / PBN). The productivity of the plantation can be seen from comparing the area of the plantation with the production of coffee, the national productivity has only reached 0.77 tons of greenbean coffee/ha/year. This figure is considered still very small when compared to its potential which reaches 3tons of greenbean coffee/hectare/year. Temporal mapping method can be used to find out the level of productivity more easily based on location and time. Thus, the priority of handling coffee area becomes more focused and on target. The web-based GIS platform provides flexibility in terms of access and attractive appearance. The information presented is more communicative and easy to understand for interested users. This study uses ArcGIS Online with an operation dashboard to visualize the results of this study. The results showed that in the last two years arabica productivity in 2019 and 2018 was the highest in West Phak - Phak district with a figure of 1,575 kg/ha in 2019 and 1,580 kg/ha and the lowest was in Tabanan Regency at 29 kg/ha in 2019 and located in Wonosobo Regency at 26 kg/ha in 2018. For robusta in 2019 the highest was in Ogan Komering Ulu Timur district with a figure reaching 5,186 kg/ha and in 2018 the highest was in Kota Pagar Alam district with a figure reaching 2,890 kg/ha. ha and the lowest was in Muna Regency at 57 kg/ha in 2019 and in Nias Regency at 12 kg/ha in 2018.Keywords: ArcGis, Coffee, Coffee Producer, Operation Dashboard, Yield,

FOSS (Free Open Source Software) Integration to Implement WebGIS-Based Information System of Kelud Volcano

The purpose of this research is to establish a webGIS-based disaster information system. WebGIS application is used as a dissemination strategy of geospatial information of the data obtained from the surrounding area of Kelud Volcano. This application utilizes the Free Open Source Software (FOSS) standardized by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). The initial step in the development of this system includes providing a database for geospatial data storing consisting of landslide-prone zones, land suitability, and tourism which were the focus of this research. The second step is the GeoJSON data conversion and Web Mapping Service (WMS) creation. This study has several results in the form of; 1) the establishment of a web-based GIS application system using FOSS standardized by OGC provides benefits in terms of cost efficiency in the development and provides convenience for the application because it is widely used by the community; 2) the development of information systems built in two directions between community participation and disaster web managers shows effective results; 3) the results of the two system tests show that the system built has no functional problems but, the version of the web browser used needs to be considered. This application is expected to build a communication aspect between policymakers and the community concerning an integrated disaster information management.

Utilization of a Web-Based Geographic Information System for Land Mapping and Some Its Overview: A Case Study in Sukabumi District, Indonesia

Land used for residence and agriculture is a source of life, especially in Indonesia. This is because most of the sources of livelihood, especially those living at the sub-district level, are mostly engaged in agricultural activities. Therefore, land data collection is very important, starting at the sub-district level. Unfortunately, the information system that supports this does not yet exist, especially in the Sukabumi district. Hence, this study to overview and use a web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) for land mapping, especially in Sukabumi District, Indonesia. The method used in this study was to conduct interviews with land officials at the sub-district level and several communities in the area. Information system problems from potential users are then addressed by designing a web-based information system and integrating it with GIS applications. The developed information system provides menus and sub-menus adapted to the needs of potential users. So far, the information system has been accessible and can help land officials at the sub-district level and several communities in the area. This will provide the level of detailed information that local communities need in responding to information related to their lands to minimize social conflicts.

A web-based GIS platform supporting innovative irrigation management techniques at farm-scale for the Mediterranean island of Crete

The aim of this paper is the creation of an integrated and free-access web platform for parcel irrigation water management on a large spatial scale (Water District of Crete, in Greece) in order to: a) accurately determine the irrigation needs of the main crops for Crete such as olives, citrus, avocados and vineyards, b) design strategies, for optimal adaptation of the agricultural sector in the context of climate change, and c) incorporate the dynamic integration of the above information through the creation of a digital platform. In the proposed decision-making system, essential factors are taken into account, such as real-time meteorological data, information about the type and spatial distribution of the agricultural parcels in Crete, algorithms for calculation crop evapotranspiration per development stage and age of the crops, satellite remote sensing techniques in combination with field surveys to depict accurate soil texture map for the whole island of Crete as well as sustainable cultivation practices for saving water per crop and parcel geomorphology. Based on the proposed decision-making system, users will have the opportunity in any specific location/farm in Crete to know the irrigation needs of the crops in real-time and obtain information about proper climate-water adaptation practices. The main novelty points of the proposed platform include the derivation of parcel-level soil texture data from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and field samples, the comprehensiveness of the irrigation management information, the relatively low data requirements and the application interface simplicity provided to the end-user.

COVID-19 Variant Surveillance and Social Determinants in Central Massachusetts: Development Study.

BackgroundPublic health scientists have used spatial tools such as web-based Geographical Information System (GIS) applications to monitor and forecast the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic and track the impact of their interventions. The ability to track SARS-CoV-2 variants and incorporate the social determinants of health with street-level granularity can facilitate the identification of local outbreaks, highlight variant-specific geospatial epidemiology, and inform effective interventions. We developed a novel dashboard, the University of Massachusetts’ Graphical user interface for Geographic Information (MAGGI) variant tracking system that combines GIS, health-associated sociodemographic data, and viral genomic data to visualize the spatiotemporal incidence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with street-level resolution while safeguarding protected health information. The specificity and richness of the dashboard enhance the local understanding of variant introductions and transmissions so that appropriate public health strategies can be devised and evaluated.ObjectiveWe developed a web-based dashboard that simultaneously visualizes the geographic distribution of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Central Massachusetts, the social determinants of health, and vaccination data to support public health efforts to locally mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsMAGGI uses a server-client model–based system, enabling users to access data and visualizations via an encrypted web browser, thus securing patient health information. We integrated data from electronic medical records, SARS-CoV-2 genomic analysis, and public health resources. We developed the following functionalities into MAGGI: spatial and temporal selection capability by zip codes of interest, the detection of variant clusters, and a tool to display variant distribution by the social determinants of health. MAGGI was built on the Environmental Systems Research Institute ecosystem and is readily adaptable to monitor other infectious diseases and their variants in real-time.ResultsWe created a geo-referenced database and added sociodemographic and viral genomic data to the ArcGIS dashboard that interactively displays Central Massachusetts’ spatiotemporal variants distribution. Genomic epidemiologists and public health officials use MAGGI to show the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 genomic variants at high geographic resolution and refine the display by selecting a combination of data features such as variant subtype, subject zip codes, or date of COVID-19–positive sample collection. Furthermore, they use it to scale time and space to visualize association patterns between socioeconomics, social vulnerability based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s social vulnerability index, and vaccination rates. We launched the system at the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School to support internal research projects starting in March 2021.ConclusionsWe developed a COVID-19 variant surveillance dashboard to advance our geospatial technologies to study SARS-CoV-2 variants transmission dynamics. This real-time, GIS-based tool exemplifies how spatial informatics can support public health officials, genomics epidemiologists, infectious disease specialists, and other researchers to track and study the spread patterns of SARS-CoV-2 variants in our communities.

Pencarian Jalur Terdekat Pada Pemetaan Sekolah Dasar Dengan Algoritma A-Star (A*) Berbasis Web

Elementary school is the starting place for a child to start education and get various kinds of experiences. Elementary school is the highest level of education compared to Junior High School and Senior High School. The large number of elementary schools makes parents/guardians not know for sure where the elementary school is located. This makes parents/guardians not have many references to send their children to school in the future. Based on the existing problems, the author proposes a web-based geographic information system that uses the A-Star Algorithm (A*) to be used as a means of information and also to add references to parents/guardians. The A-Star Algorithm (A*) is a method to search for information about the distance to reach the destination by selecting the closest route. The reason for using this algorithm is because the calculations are easy to understand. The result of this research is a web-based geographic information system that can provide information about 6 samples of elementary schools along with the location and the closest route that can be passed in the Mustikajaya District area.

Find-Natech: A GIS-based spatial management system for Natech events

Technological accidents triggered by natural hazards are considered as Natech events. Natech events involve chemical releases, which could cause serious health and environmental problems and large economic losses. Several studies have pointed out that the number of Natech events is on the rise. Learning lessons from Natech event data could provide critical ideas to risk managers and local governments to take action towards Natech risk reduction. However, there are currently only limited efforts to collect and analyze Natech event data, and especially there are no tools to manage historical Natech data from spatial perspective. This study proposes and develops of a web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) tool, Find-Natech, to collect, analyze and share historical data of Natech events. It presents a case study on analyzing the temporal-spatial distribution of hurricane-related Natech events in the United States based on data from the National Response Center (NRC) database. Furthermore, the case study shows that Find-Natech can support risk managers in understanding the geographical distribution of historical events, their spatial variation by changing over time which could be further used to understand the characterization of Natech events. In addition, the proposed tool can support conducting studies on understanding incidence of Natech events during natural hazards with scale effects at city, state, or national levels, to support risk governance and risk reduction strategies.

SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS UNTUK PEMETAAN PARIWISATA KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR BERBASIS WEB

Karanganyar is an area that has diverse tourism potential. In the delivery of tourist information for now is still in the form of books, posters, pamphlets, and brochures. Currently the number of tourist visits has decreased due to less effective promotions. The purpose of utilizing the web-based Geographic Information System (SIG) so that prospective tourists can find the location of tourist attractions interactively, the hope is to be used as information on Karanganyar regency attractions to all communities in various parts of the world quickly, accurately and thoroughly. This SIG can also provide information about the activities that take place (events) in the tourist attraction and mileage so that it is expected to influence prospective tourists to visit. System Development methods and their analysis use linear sequential methods (Waterfall) and structured modeling. Through this research, the results are a SIG application for Mapping Tourism of Web-Based Karanganyar Regency that is able to provide information to prospective tourists about the location of tourist attractions, infrastructure facilities and distance information.

WaterSmart-GIS: A Web Application of a Data Assimilation Model to Support Irrigation Research and Decision Making

Irrigation is the primary consumer of freshwater by humans and accounts for over 70% of all annual water use. However, due to the shortage of open critical information in agriculture such as soil, precipitation, and crop status, farmers heavily rely on empirical knowledge to schedule irrigation and tend to excessive irrigation to ensure crop yields. This paper presents WaterSmart-GIS, a web-based geographic information system (GIS), to collect and disseminate near-real-time information critical for irrigation scheduling, such as soil moisture, evapotranspiration, precipitation, and humidity, to stakeholders. The disseminated datasets include both numerical model results of reanalysis and forecasting from HRLDAS (High-Resolution Land Data Assimilation System), and the remote sensing datasets from NASA SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) and MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). The system aims to quickly and easily create a smart, customized irrigation scheduler for individual fields to relieve the burden on farmers and to significantly reduce wasted water, energy, and equipment due to excessive irrigation. The system is prototyped here with an application in Nebraska, demonstrating its ability to collect and deliver information to end-users via the web application, which provides online analytic functionality such as point-based query, spatial statistics, and timeseries query. Systems such as this will play a critical role in the next few decades to sustain agriculture, which faces great challenges from climate change and increased natural disasters.

An Integrated Web-Based GIS Platform for the Environmental Monitoring of Industrial Emissions: Preliminary Results of the Project

The European regulatory framework requires prior authorization for the use of plants and activities that may impact the environment, to ensure an adequate level of environmental and human health protection. Data on industrial wastewater, urban sewage, atmospheric emissions and waste management of installations subject to licenses generate interest among stakeholders (Environmental Protection Agencies, Police Forces, regions, provinces, municipalities, Local Health Authorities, operators, research bodies, citizens), but unfortunately, they are not properly digitized and processed, as they are often unavailable. Therefore, the main goal of this project is to provide a flexible, interactive and easy-to-use tool for stakeholders to allow them to consult these kinds of environmental data. For this purpose, a database integrated with a web-based Geographical Information System (GIS) platform to collect, manage and share pollutant emissions data, is currently being designed and developed. The web platform offers to users interconnected informative modules on required authorizations, license processes and analytical controls. Moreover, stored data from industries and on emissions are georeferenced and displayed in a web GIS map. Stakeholders have free but limited access to specific sections of the web platform, depending on their tasks. They can consult environmental data and GIS representations, download reports or documents and enter new data. This web application seeks to: (1) promote collaboration among stakeholders, (2) simplify the monitoring of an installation’s authorization status and industrial emissions trends, (3) optimize the environmental licensing procedures, (4) enhance the management of environmental control by the relevant authorities, (5) support health and environmental research, and (6) provide industries with innovative services for data transmission. To evaluate the performance and benefits of the newly-developed tool, a real-life pilot case has been applied using data from industries located in the Province of Ascoli Piceno (Marche region, Italy).

Геоинформационный мониторинг для решения экологических задач горнопромышленных территорий Среднего Урала

Geographic information monitoring is shown as the leading method of process control in old industrial territories. The main stages of geoinformation monitoring are outlined. The role of geographic information systems in the study of pollution components, systematization and accumulation of spatially distributed data, analysis and development of predictive solutions is considered. The solution of the problem of the conceptual organization of the geoinformation system of mining territories has been substantiated. The structure of software products and geographic information systems selection criteria are considered. The QGIS software product was chosen as the desktop geographic information systems. The functionality of JavaScript-libraries Leaflet and Highcharts, the possibility of their use as a web-based geographic information systems are described. The structure of the base layers of the geographic information systems, created for the organization of geoinformation monitoring of the old industrial territory of the Levikhinsky mine, is described. An algorithm for organizing spatially distributed data of the monitoring object, a fundamental algorithm for data processing are proposed. Considerable attention is paid to the typification and subsequent differentiation of the types of initial information, the storage of geographic information systems data in exchange formats. The author's algorithm of interaction between desktop and web-based geographic information systems is described. The provisions and technical solutions set out in the article allow using geographic information systems for operational monitoring, forecasting and comprehensive assessment, and management decisions.

SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS UMKM BAHAN MAKANAN DAN PANGAN BAGI MASYARAKAT DALAM MENGHADAPI NEW NORMAL

This study aims to build a web-based geographic information system for food material and foodstuffs UMKMs in Makassar City to disseminate geographic information that can be accessed anytime and from anywhere. The system is designed using a sequential waterfall method. Data sourced from the Makassar City Cooperatives and UKMs Office, field surveys, and interviews with UMKM owners. This system were developed to assist the government in providing information to the public about the location and distribution of UMKMs and other related information in dealing with the new normal, because it can visualize the distribution in Makassar City well. The system has been successfully developed through public testing, the average values ​​of which are user objectives (4.18), information quality (4.13), and System Quality (4.12).