Weave Characteristics Research Articles

Construction of a Medical Radiation-Shielding Environment by Analyzing the Weaving Characteristics and Shielding Performance of Shielding Fibers Using X-ray-Impermeable Materials

As the scope of radiation use in medical and industrial fields has expanded, interest in radiation shielding is increasing. Most existing radiation shields use Pb-based products, primarily in the form of a laminated sheet, which requires attention as fine cracks may occur depending on the usage and storage conditions. The weight of the sheets limits users’ activities, and they pose a risk of heavy metal contamination. To address these problems, this study proposed a shielding fiber with improved flexibility and workability, and thus, produce a shielding garment. Masterbatches of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber were manufactured using the eco-friendly materials, BaSO4 and Bi2O3. Yarns were fabricated by the melt spinning process, and fabrics were woven. With 5 wt% of shielding material, the yarns’ shield against radiation and was sufficiently strong for fabric weaving. The fibers’ radiation shielding averaged 9–13%, with the Bi2O3 fiber displaying better shielding performance than the BaSO4. It is believed that the findings of this study on improving the yarn manufacturing process could be applied for protection against low-dose and scattered rays in medical applications and for aerospace radiation protection. In addition, the proposed shielding fibers’ flexibility makes them suitable for future use in the production of various radiation shields.

나주 복암리 정촌 고분 출토 직물의 종류와 제직 특성 고찰

The ancient tombs in Jungchon, Bogam-ri, Naju are important remains (Historical Site No. 404) that have served as a new turning point for research on the ancient culture of the Yeongsan River basin. Since 2013, the Naju National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage has conducted excavation surveys of the ancient tombs in Jungchon, Bogam-ri, Naju and excavated important artifacts including gilt bronze shoes. In particular, in the process of surveying Stone Chamber No. 1 in 2014, end cap ornaments of swords with round pommels, wooden-handled knives, and arrow barrels were excavated. Additionally, many textile fragments were discovered on the surfaces of these artifacts. These textiles were either mostly deteriorated or hardened with metallic rust.BR The excavated textiles consist of nine fragments and are constructed from warp-faced compound silk and plain silk manufactured from silk fibers. The present study scientifically examined these textile specimens through methods such as microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) analysis, and X-ray computed tomography(CT). Analyses of the results show that, the textiles cannot be dated based on their weaving characteristics alone due to their small size and faded colors. Nevertheless, the textiles are expected to be used as concrete materials capable of explicating the nature of the underlying remains and artifacts.

Superhydrophobic Fabrics with Mechanical Durability Prepared by a Two-Step Plasma Processing Method

Most studies on superhydrophobic fabrics focus on their realization using additive manufacturing (bottom-up) techniques. Here we present the direct modification of three different fabrics using a plasma-based method to obtain anti-adhesive and self-cleaning properties. A two-step plasma processing method is used: (a) for the creation of micro-nanoscale features on the fabric surface (plasma texturing step) and (b) the minimization of the fabric surface energy (by a short plasma deposition step of a very thin, low surface energy layer). The entire process takes only 14 min and all fabrics after processing exhibit high water static contact angles (WSCA > 150°), low contact angle hysteresis (CAH < 7°) and advantageous mechanical durability against hand-rumpling. The method is simple and generic, and it can be therefore expanded to other polymeric fabrics (i.e., acrylic) in addition to polyester, without any limitation rising from the weaving characteristics of the fabric or the starting nature of the material (i.e., hydrophobic or hydrophilic).

일본 세이간지 소장 〈錦織千佛像〉의 조성경위 및 제직특성 연구

일본 세이간지 소장 〈錦織千佛像〉의 조성경위 및 제직특성 연구

INVESTIGATED CHARACTERISTICS OF WEAVING SECTIONS FROM FIELD DATA AND DEVELOPED SIMULATION MODEL

Weaving sections widely spread among other traffic facilities. Different types of weaving section have been recognized through various editions of Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). However, the HCM has suffered from inability to represent driver behaviour at these sections. Therefore, for each type, there is a specific behaviour. This study has focused on investigating weaving characteristics using more than 60 hours of field data and also MIDAS data have involved. The observed characteristics include merging and diverging points for weaving vehicles, how drivers react to weaving sections in terms of changing their speed, cooperative and aggressive behaviour of drivers and effective length for each type of weaving sections. Seven different sites have been investigated in the UK through this study. The results of this study indicate that the effective length is equal to full weaving length for weaving length less than 300m and 200m for the weaving length higher than 300m. Moreover, specific limits for merging and diverging points have been investigated through this study. Then, the simulation model has been developed to find out other characteristics from the simulation model such as applying new effective management by changing weaving section from Type A to Type B with significant increase in the capacity of the new section.

17세기 한국 능(綾)직물 연구

This study studies the fabrics from excavated 17th century tombs of Mrs. Min from Yeoheung family(1586~1656), Yeo-on Kim(1596~1665) and Won-rip Choi(1618~1690) and attempts to clarify the relationship between the fashion trend in fabrics of those times and the background behind it by viewing and examining the proportion of twill fabrics to the total silk fabrics and the characteristics of its weave and patterns. Looking into fabrics from the above tombs, twill fabrics accounted for 10.4%(13 pieces) 19.3%(16 pieces) and 9.2%(9 pieces) of total silk fabrics in each of the respective tombs. This forms a remarkable contrast with the fact that there was only one piece of twill silk fabrics(0.5%) and not any from the 16th century tombs of Mrs. Yoon from Papyeong family (0.5%) and Soo-ryoon Sim(0%). In particular, the percentage of hwamun-neung(patterned twill fabrics) in each of the tombs is 8.0%(10 pieces), 13.3%(11 pieces), 9.2%(9 pieces), which is much higher than that of non-patterned one. This is common to the twill fabrics from above three 17th century tombs. Patterns of hwamun-neung(patterned twill), simplified small flower patterns or geometrical figures, from the three excavated tombs are mostly arranged sporadically with blank space. It is supposed that these figurative characteristics reflected the aesthetic sense of the gentry at that time which valued simplicity and moderation for their Confucian standard. This phenomenon of increased use and production of twill fabrics in the 17th century resulted from different factors such as wars like Japanese Invasion of Korea(1592~1598), economic difficulty, government regulations against the production of high-class fabrics, development of weaving skill and its fixation, changes of fabric production environments, and changes of aesthetic sense preferring naive and moderate things to showy ones. As for the weaving characteristics of twill fabrics from the three 17th century tombs 3 leaf warp-faced twill was often used for the ground texture and 4 leaf warp-faced one was occasionally used. For pattern texture 6 leaf weft-faced twill was frequently used, 4 leaf weft-faced twill and 3 leaf weft-faced twill were used at times, and floating one was occasionally used as well.

The study on the yarn & weaving characteristics of Korean traditional plain weave - Focused from the Sang-go(上古) period to the Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮王朝) -

The study on the yarn & weaving characteristics of Korean traditional plain weave - Focused from the Sang-go(上古) period to the Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮王朝) -

Digital Image Processing Techniques: A Versatile System for Textile Characterization

Digital image processing has been utilised widely in manufacturing for accurate automated inspection. Image processing is one such technique that involves computer processing of pictures or images that have been converted to numerical form. This paper presents a critical review of the exhaustive work of digital image processing and analysis and their application to measure twist and its distribution in yarns, weave pattern, yarn colour. Techniques of spatial & frequency domain use to extract twist angle and orientation of fibre on yarn surface respectively. Characteristics of weave extracted by Obliqueness (OB) and Orthogonality (OR) and yarn color design obtained by transmitted and reflected images.

Vaginal mesh grafts and the Food and Drug Administration

Vaginal mesh grafts and the Food and Drug Administration

Determination of internal mechanical characteristics of woven fabrics using the force-balance analysis of yarn pullout test

Pullout test is a conventional and suitable method to investigate the effects of yarn properties and the structural characteristics of weave on fabric mechanical behaviour. Frictional specifications of the fabric yarns influence the fabric strength and efficiency and its ability to absorb energy. This paper is concerned with formulating an analytical model on yarn pullout force in plain-woven fabrics. The model can predict variations in the internal mechanical parameters of woven fabrics based on a force-balance analysis. These parameters are yarn-to-yarn friction coefficient, normal load at crossovers, lateral forces, lateral strain, weave angle variations, and pullout force. These parameters were predicted using fabric deformation data, which were measured by image processing method during a yarn pullout test and the information of weave angle of fabric, its modulus and density, which were obtained experimentally. Yarn pullout force was calculated through Amonton's friction law to evaluate the efficiency of the presented model. This study demonstrates that the force-balance model is correlated quantitatively with the experimental yarn pullout results.

Kuzeybatı Anadolu (Avunya) Halı ve El Dokumaları Envanteri 2003

The ethnographic inventory project for North­west Anatolia (Avunya) carpet and hand-weaving is carried out within the framework of the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA-TUKSEK). The study was initiated in 2002. In 2003 initial inventory studies have been con­ducted in Ayvacik, Ezine, and Bayramic, all towns of Canakkale province. The Avunya region, which is the focus of our research project on carpets and hand-weaving is located on the north-eastern outs­kirts of Kazdagi (Mt. Ida) on the Anatolian si­de of the Canakkale province. This area inclu­des Lapseki, Can, Biga, Ezine, Bayramic, Ye­nice, and Gonen, Edremit, Balya and Havran within the Balikesir province. When we look at this situation it becomes clear that Kazdagi (Mt. Ida) is located at the critical crossroads of ancient road connecti­ons. From here it is easy to reach Edremit bay, the Marmara sea, the Canakkale straits (Dardanelles) or Balikesir. Because of the easy connections in the region, and commercial ac­tivities, different cultures have affected the re­gional carpet and hand-weaving traditions. During the 2003 field research, it has been un­derstood that the closer we get to the Yenice province of Avunya, the Avunya carpet and hand weaving characteristics become more varied. In the context of the research, woven samples have been studied and examined from different points of view such as material, technique, surface ornaments, color and use specifications.

The Flexural Behavior of Woven Prepreg Thermoplastic Composites

Studies on the flexural damage behaviors of satin and plain continuous-fiber-impregnated thermoplastic (COFIT) prepreg woven composites were carried out. Their weaving characteristics such as float length, interlace region, etc., which are believed to affect composite properties, were determined. It was found that the satin weave exhibits better flexural properties such as flexural strength and modulus than the plain weave system, with a more obvious trend in the 3-ply laminate system. The presence of hole damage significantly influences the damage resistance of the woven system. Both woven systems show a reduction in flexural properties with increasing hole size. In the 3-ply system, due to the greater thickness of the laminate, it was found that the weaving characteristics influence the resin flow and subsequently influence the wetting between the laminates and also affect the composite properties. From the SEM photographs, it was found that the satin weave exhibits better wetting at the interply region, resulting in better flexural properties than the plain weave. In contrast, the plain weave exhibits debonding failure at the interply region, which is obviously observed at the interlace area. This situation might be due to insufficient molding conditions such as molding temperature, time, or pressure. It is obvious therefore that different woven patterns require different molding conditions to obtain optimum properties.

Effect of Samples Cutting Position and Gage Length or Specimen Geometry on the Mechanical Properties of Woven Thermoplastic Prepreg

Woven composites are getting acceptance in many engineering applications such as tranportation, construction and automotive, albeit in most instances are rather confined to those of thermoset matrices. In view of many favourable circumstances, thermoplastic based systems are slowly gaining recognition which can be easily attributed to their unique properties. For example, these include better damage tolerence, ease of handling, recyclability, etc. However, they are always referred to those derived from fabrics, either impregnated or otherwise. Here, an alternative system was realized by utilizing the impregnated towpreg or simply continuous fiber impregnated thermoplastic (COFIT). Results on composite testing, using tensile measurement as an example apart from type of towpregs, weave characteristics, etc., it clearly shows that the tensile properties of any woven structures are dependent on specimen cutting position coupled with gage length too. Generally, the woven system's properties are manifested by the presence of what is called weave characteristics such as interlaces, floats length, crimps, etc.

Influence of Different Woven Geometry and Ply Effect in Woven Thermoplastic Composite Behaviour-Part 2

Works on woven composite both thermoset and thermoplastic are numerous, however in most instances they involve the use of preimpregnated fabric. It is apparent that woven thermoplastic system has significant potential due to the combined properties such as better damage tolerence, recyclability, easy processing, storage, etc. Here work on woven thermoplastic composites based on Continuous Fiber Impregnated towpreg (COFIT) tape rather than conventional approach is reported. The influences of different woven geometry and ply effect were investigated. Correlations between different woven geometry and weave characteristics were also noted. In general, the woven composite properties are influenced by many process variables such as type of towpreg, woven geometry, number of plies etc.

Effect of sample cutting direction on mechanical properties of woven thermoplastic prepreg

Woven textile composites are gaining popularity, judging from the many reports. However, in many instances they are confined to thermoset matrices. In view of many favorable circumstances, thermoplastic-based systems are slowly gaining recognition, which can be easily attributed to their unique properties, viz. better damage tolerance, ease of handling, recyclability, etc. However, reports usually refer to materials derived from fabrics, either preimpregnated or otherwise. Here, a combination of weaving and thermoplastic elements was studied through the utilization of continuous fiber impregnated thermoplastic prepreg (COFIT) to produce a woven system. The effect of sample cutting direction on the prepreg plain weave properties was examined. Correlations between different specimen geometries and weave characteristics were also noted. In general, the specimen cutting directions give rise to various differences in weaving characteristics, which in turn influence the properties obtained.

An Analysis of Dynamic Drape of Woven Fabric

In order to investigate dynamic drape of woven fabric, vibrational property of weave was analysed theoretically and experimentally. The motion of weave was considered to be shear deformation and the shear vibrational property was analysed using differential equation. Vibration tester, which was modified KES-LABOMODEL shear tester, was used to examine the motion of the weave. It was shown that weave with buckling like sine wave (buckled-shaped weave) was considered to be equivalent to plate-shaped weave by some correction of weave characteristics such as shear stiffness and weave mass. Women's thin dress fabrics were examined their vibrational properties and their amplitude angles of vibration decreased linearly with time. This means that their shear vibration damp by frictional effect between fibres and/or between warp and weft yarns in the weave and that viscostic effect in the weave can be neglected in the range observed. Viscostic effect of air resistance is also neglected when the length of weave is small (smaller than 0.1 m), but it becomes distinct if the length is large (larger than 0.5 m).The amplitude damping angle is in proportion to 2HGo/Go which are characteristic values of weave shear property measured by KESF system.

Creation Aid in Textile and Automation in Weaving Design

Weaving threads together into textile is an age old art. The mécanisation followed by tne automatic control of the process resulted in an acceleration of production while the conception and design procedures became more complex. The conception of the weave and the fabric can hardly be put under automatic control because of their artistic nature. On the other hand a preparation realized under technical constraints has to follow certain rules and we have introduced these into a computer. We have adopted a conversational mode to realize such a tool to aid fabrication. The operator can dialogue with the computer and he has the possibility to modify the fabric and the weave without having to worry about the calculations involved. These programs allow the weaver to construct a weave directly on a display screen by successive dialogues with the computer. During this construction the operator can get all the necessary technical details regarding the weave characteristics. Based on these results, he can modify, if necessary, the initial motif. The weave can then either be used directly or be modified (symmetry, rotation or by superposition of several weaves) before use. The juxtaposition of several weaves helps create the fabric. The warp-drawing-in and perforated card plans necessary to realize the textile on a dobby-loom are then computed so as to minimise the number of dobby-jacks to be employed. Nevertheless the operator can always modify, when necessary, the warp-drawing-in or the weave during the visualisation of the latter. Other subroutines were developed and integrated with the programme to accomplish tasks like warping calculations to minimise the spool displacements during the fabrication of the warp.