Wealth Of Nations Research Articles

Optimal Values of Power Equipment Parameters when Degassing of Solid Municipal Waste Polygons

The possibility of using the energy values of landfill gas to generate electrical and thermal energy based on a contact cogeneration gas turbine installation has been studied. The optimal values degree of increase pressure in the cycle are determined, which make it possible to determine the maximum specific electrical power and thermodynamic efficiency of a cogeneration gas turbine installation with steam injection, in which landfill gas from solid waste landfills is used as an energy carrier. It is concluded that using the proposed engineering solution, landfill gas from municipal solid waste can be usefully implemented in a cogeneration contact gas turbine installation, which will save the country's national wealth and at the same time solve pressing problems of modern cities associated with the disposal of municipal solid waste.

Moral sentiments and sustainable finance: A proposal for new market segmentation

This article revisits Smith's account of self-interest to critically explore challenges and debates surrounding sustainable finance in contemporary organizational and institutional settings. Adam Smith derives his notion of ‘self-interest’ as concerned with both ‘self-love’ (care for oneself) and ‘sympathy’ (care for others); elements that are increasingly siloed in contemporary business settings. Drawing inspiration from An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (WoN) and the insightful wisdom of The Theory of Moral Sentiments (TMS), this article aims to underscore how Smith's pivotal concepts, including sympathy, the impartial spectator, and justice, provide a strategic compass for characterizing demand within retail finance markets. More specifically, it argues for the potential for both demand and supply side considerations in sustainable finance to contemplate a more plural concept of self-interest. At the same time, it recognizes that currently available ESG (environmental, social, and governance) products are largely driven by ‘self-love,’ and as such, the ‘sympathy’ of investors is ignored, manipulated, or misplaced. To move beyond this socio-financial dilemma, we propose to segment sustainable finance into the ESG market and the SSI (social and sustainable investment) market, with the latter specifically addressing the demands for ‘sympathy.’ In this context, future work could explore and highlight the role of regulators in ensuring a Smithian self-interest in sustainable finance.

Africa must create centres of educational excellence for innovation and development.

This paper explores the following development questions that perplex most Africans: "Why do African countries rely on foreign companies and foreign experts for almost all our development projects? Why can't we build our own roads, process our own food, and mine our own minerals, oil, and gas? Why don't we have world-class hospitals and industries? How can we have so much natural wealth and yet be so poor? Why do we invent so little?" The answer lies in our failure to implement idea number two. There are two major ideas in educational policy. Idea number one is the obligation to educate all children because it is their fundamental human right as enshrined in the 1948 United Nations Declaration of Human Rights. Idea number two is the strategy of establishing and sustaining world class schools and universities for the education of the most highly gifted and highly talented citizens. Developed countries deploy both ideas aggressively. Underdeveloped countries in Africa have not implemented idea number two. Countries that have deployed idea number two have at least one university ranked among the top 200 in the world. The presence of great universities (top 200) in a country is a 21st century indicator of the presence of high levels of innovation, technology, development and wealth in that country. According to the three major rankings of world universities (Shanghai-ARWU, THE, and QS-topuniversities.com), none of the world's top 100 great universities is in Africa. Although Africa was a pioneer among the continents in innovations such as human language, domestication of fire, making of tools, invention of agriculture, development of writing, and creation of great centers of learning in ancient times, it has fallen behind other continents over the last 500 years and it has been disrupted by enslavement and colonization, and the structural adjustment programs (SAPs) of the IMF and the World Bank. Ancient African centers of innovation included the Ancient City of Benin and Timbuktu in Western Africa, the Kingdom of Kush and ancient Egypt in northern Africa, Axum in Eastern Africa, Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe in Southern Africa, and the Kingdom of Kongo in central-Africa. An African renaissance will only occur when we implement idea number two by establishing world class schools and at least one great university per African country.

Improving Ecotourism and Msmes Competence Through Ecotravel and Local Business Boost In Puhu Payangan Village, Gianyar

This study aims to identify the potential challenges faced by Puhu Village, Payangan District, and Gianyar Regency in efforts to develop a tourism-based economy and empower MSMEs in the local village. Puhu Village is one of the villages in Bali that has abundant natural and cultural wealth but has yet to be fully utilized optimally. This study uses a qualitative approach with field observation methods, in-depth interviews, and secondary data analysis to collect relevant information. The study results indicate that Puhu Village has great potential in developing nature-based tourism sectors, such as agrotourism and ecotourism, supported by natural beauty, local wisdom, and local traditions. However, several challenges must be overcome, including a lack of supporting infrastructure, minimal promotion, and low community participation in tourism activities. This study recommends improving infrastructure, training for local communities, and more effective MSME promotion strategies to support economic development in Puhu Village. With proper management, the potential of this village can be developed sustainably and provide economic benefits to the local community without ignoring aspects of environmental and cultural preservation.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CURRENT BIOMASS UTILISATION BY PALM OIL MILLS IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Oil palm biomass, which includes empty fruit bunches (EFB), mesocarp fibres (MF), palm kernel shells (PKS), and palm oil mill effluent (POME), are no longer seen as low-value residue, but as valuable economic resources that may contribute positively to national wealth. These oil palm biomasses can be converted into high value-added products, which can in turn generate additional revenue for the country. This study aims to identify the current biomass utilisation by palm oil mills in Peninsular Malaysia and examine the economic viability of biomass products generated by these mills across different categories. This study uses primary data obtained through a census of all 242 Malaysian Palm Oil Board-licensed palm oil mills in Peninsular Malaysia. The data were analysed using descriptive analysis and independent samples t-test. The study found that incineration is the most profitable approach for EFB, followed by selling EFB to other parties. However, due to environmental regulation and the lack of market for EFB, most of the resources (62.4%) were either returned to plantations or sent to landfills. In addition, 92.4% of MF generated were utilised for electricity generation through in-house boilers and this alternative has been proven to provide maximum profit to palm oil mills. The study also found that although selling PKS to other parties was proven to provide better profits to the palm oil mills, the PKS were mostly utilised for electricity generation through in-house boilers. Lastly, for the sludge from POME, there was no significant difference in the utilisation of the sludge, either if it was used for plantations or sold to other parties.

Optimizing Information and Communication Technology for Students with Special Needs at India’s Higher Education Institutions

Every person is entitled to a fair and just education and to be recognized as a vital member of the educational community, irrespective of their gender, race, colour, ethnic or social background, genetic characteristics, language, religion or belief, political or other viewpoints, involvement in a national minority, wealth, birth, or disability. Teachers should possess knowledge of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and its potential in Higher Education to effectively address learning obstacles, enhance student retention rates and academic performance, and foster student autonomy and motivation to study. This study emphasized the concept of ICT, different ICT products, ICT applications, and the benefits of ICT for students with special needs.

Membangkitkan Tradisi Budaya dan Hukum Adat Melayu Untuk Mewujudkan Kesalehan Sosial di Kalangan Millenial

In order to increase understanding of the millennial generation and as a forum for preserving Jambi Malay cultural values, the Working Group for the Study of Socio-Economic and Cultural Issues at the Research and Community Service Institute (LPPM) of Muara Bungo University in collaboration with the Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI) Bungo Regional Organization held a Seminar and Discussion with the theme Reviving Malay Cultural Traditions and Customary Laws to Realize Social Piety Among Millennials. This activity involved elements of the Student Executive Board (BEM) organization and all Faculty of Economics students participating in UMB and Regional Insight courses. It is hoped that from the implementation of this seminar the millenial’s generation will have an understanding of being heirs to the nation's cultural wealth. Participants will be able to understand the customary laws and dress code of Malay people and the processions and attire of Malay brides.

First Report for Painted Globular Frog Uperodon taprobanicus in North Bastar Kanker District of Chhattisgarh, (India)

The North Bastar Kanker is full of natural wealth where different types of species are found every year, out of which new species are found the Painted Globular Frog (Uperodon taprobanicus) has been seen for the first time, according to the current study. One year of observation throughout the village badgaon near Khandi Rivershowed this species to be present in this microhabitat. The species' taxonomic validity in the area was aided by morphological and photographsanalysis that validated its identification. The known distribution range of U. taprobanicus, which was previously primarily reported in South India and Sri Lanka, is expanded by this finding. In order to shed light on the state of the species' conservation in this area, ecological characteristics like habitat choice, microhabitat usage and potential threats were also evaluated. The exploration underscores the importance of continued monitoring and conservation efforts to safeguard the diversity of amphibians in Chhattisgarh and highlights the need for further research to elucidate the ecological requirements and population dynamics of U. taprobanicus in its newly identified habitat. This species has been marked in the IUCN data and its conservation is very important in time. If we cannot conserve it, then we will eliminate this species from our ecosystem and we may see natural calamity and loss in the near future.

How Adam Smith's banking views influenced Hamilton, Jefferson, and the debate over the Bank of the United States

AbstractThe most sophisticated monetary and banking policy advice available in the decades after 1776 was found in Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations. Smith recommended free competition among nationwide banks of issue with minimal legal restrictions and no legal privileges. Yet neither Alexander Hamilton nor Thomas Jefferson accepted Smith's recommendation, despite their familiarity with his arguments, and despite Scotland's positive experience while following it. We spell out Hamilton's and Jefferson's theoretical disagreements, and explain how Smith's advice did not serve either founder's political agenda. For Hamilton, competitive banking without a single privileged national bank would not do enough to strengthen the federal government. For Jefferson, any federal chartering of banks would strengthen the federal government too much at the expense of the states.

Digital transformation empowers corporate environmental performance

Good ecological environment is both natural and economic wealth, and is related to economic and social development potential and strength of economic and social development. In the era of digital transformation, clarifying the role mechanism of digital empowerment of ecological construction can provide an important theoretical basis for building a beautiful China. This paper adopts the panel data of A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2022, and explores the influence mechanism of digital transformation on corporate environmental performance based on the mediating effect of financing constraints and the moderating effect of green technology innovation. The study finds that: digital transformation can significantly improve corporate environmental performance; financing constraints have a mediating effect in the impact of digital transformation on corporate environmental performance; green technology innovation positively moderates the impact of digital transformation on corporate environmental performance; and the heterogeneity analysis shows that digital transformation has a more significant effect on environmental performance for state-owned enterprises, non-heavily polluted enterprises, non-high-tech enterprises, and labor-intensive and technology-intensive enterprises. The promotion effect of digital transformation on environmental performance is more significant. The study focuses on the mechanism of digital transformation in the environmental performance of enterprises, which is of great significance for enterprises to utilize digital transformation to empower green development.

ASSESSMENT OF DEMOGRAPHIC CAPACITY IN THE CONTEXT OF SPATIAL PLANNING

The article discusses the issue of demographic capacity assessment in the spatial planning process. Demographic capacity (DC) is the maximum amount of population that can be accommodated in a given area, provided that the daily living requirements of the population are met with local resources, ensuring the ecological balance of the area. The need to calculate the DC stems from the goals and requirements of the proportionately and sustainable development of the area. Due to the complexity of the considered issue, an inventory of the factors determining the DC of the area and justification of their assessment methodology was carried out. DC is a variable quantity that can be changed in the conditions of scientific-technical, socio-economic progress, replenishment of national wealth. In spatial planning, we attach great importance to the integral magnitude of DC assessment. The minimum of the indicators calculated by various factors was accepted as the integrating indicator of the DC. In the article, demographic carrying capacity is calculated according to the following factors: ecological security, territorial opportunities, water resources and recreational resources. As a result of the analysis of private DC, the integrated DC of the studied area is accepted.

Do “environmental losers” pay the price? The role of individual and country vulnerabilities in the relationship between environmental concern and willingness to pay to protect the environment

Previous research consistently finds a weak relationship between environmental concern and willingness to pay for the environment. Although individuals are concerned for the environment and believe climate change is a serious problem, a major part of concerned individuals fail to act pro-environmentally or to support climate policies. Existing research has not yet provided a complete understanding of the relationship between perception of environmental problem and pro-environmental behaviors. In this study, we add to previous research on the environmental attitude-behavior gap by focusing on economic and climate-related vulnerabilities that might act as barriers in the translation of environmental concern into willingness to pay. Using multilevel analysis on data from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), we find that economic constraints and the perception of having experienced an extreme weather event affect people’s willingness to pay to protect the environment. We also find that concerned people are more likely to engage in pro-environmental behaviors in countries where national wealth is higher, whereas living in climate-vulnerable countries mostly affects the willingness to pay of non-concerned individuals.

Fiscal Reaction Functions Augmented with Bespoke Debt Indicators: Evidence from Small Island States

Developing countries have a higher propensity for debt distress than their developed counterparts and small economies are more vulnerable to external shocks than larger ones. We examine the primary balances of two economies at the intersection of developing and smallness classifications – so-called small island developing states (SIDS) – Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) and Mauritius. These countries have comparable characteristics (smallness, openness, populations, and are former plantation economies with similar colonial histories) but differ in their natural resource wealth status (the former is resource-rich and the latter is resource-poor). Given the myopic insights provided by single metrics of government indebtedness, such as the debt-to-GDP ratio, we augment standard fiscal reaction functions with purpose-built debt sustainability measures that use principal component analysis to consolidate the information content imbedded in a comprehensive range of country-relevant fiscal ratios. Our results show while debt is sustainable in both countries, fiscal policy is procyclical. We also find that debt volatility is positive and significant for T&T’s primary balance but is insignificant for Mauritius, which we attribute to the differing degrees of export-diversification between the countries. Policy recommendations include greater commitments to counter-cyclical fiscal policy in both SIDS and greater export-diversification initiatives in T&T.

PENGEMBANGAN MORAL ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL PETAK UMPET

Early childhood education is very important for children's growth and development from an early age because during early childhood or what is called the golden age, 90% of your child's brain development is very good and is an important foundation to support your child's learning abilities. Playing is one way to increase children's potential at an early age. This research contradicts the increasing incidence of modern game addiction which is detrimental to children, because nowadays children like to play gadgets which can harm themselves, in contrast to the potential of traditional games which contribute to moral development. The safety of traditional games for young children is a focus because these games are an inseparable part of the nation's cultural wealth which contains benefits and moral values ​​such as honesty, patience, perseverance, responsibility and mutual respect for others. This research aims to strengthen the moral development of young children through the traditional game of hide and seek. The approach applied in this research is qualitative by collecting data through direct observation and documentary recording. Keywords: Traditional Games, Hide and Seek, Morals, Early Childhood

Potensi Desa Alue Canang: Dari Kekayaan Alam Hingga Kearifan Lokal

In this KPM activity we are required to be able to practice science, technology and art. We are expected to be motivators and facilitators of development efforts, especially in rural areas that have natural wealth. One form of service that can be done is by developing the natural wealth in the village. Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) is one approach to community development. The greatest strength in supporting the welfare of society is potential within oneself, society has been born, lived and developed so that it has assets. The expected goal is that KPM students will be able to train residents in the village in order to develop the natural wealth and local wisdom in the village. The method for implementing KPM activities is carried out in the form of outreach and training involving the community directly. One of the results that has been achieved from this KPM activity is natural wealth in the form of durian which has been developed into a traditional cake originating from Japan, namely mochi durian.

Analysis Of Food Security, Social Health, Environmental And Household Food Security On Stunting Incidence Of Children Aged 12-59 Months In Coastal Households In Bengkulu Province

The natural wealth of coastal areas is not accompanied by the welfare of the people who occupy a lower economic stratum than other land communities, including in fulfilling nutrition. The study aims to analyze the influence of food security and social, health, environmental and household food security factors on the incidence of stunting in children aged 12-59 months in coastal households in Bengkulu Province. The research methodology used a mixed approach, between quantitative and qualitative. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The study results showed that the policy aspect significantly affected food security (β=0.085; t=1.979; and p-value < 0.05) but is non-significant on stunting. There was a significant positive effect of health on food security with a value of β=0.237, value t = 7.157, and p-value <0.05. Health had no significant effect on stunting with a value of β=-0.040, value t = 0.963, and p-value > 0.05. Environmental aspects had a substantial adverse impact on food security (β=-0.492; t=12.846; and p-value <0.05) and a significant positive effect on stunting (β=0.155; t=2.781; and p-value < 0.05). The social aspect had a non-significant relationship with both food security and stunting. Food security was significantly related to stunting (β=0.441; t=7.971; and p-value <0.05). The research conclusion is that food security had a significant favorable association with stunting.

Jenis-jenis Makrozoobentos yang Ditemukan di Batang Kuantan Kawasan Wisata Geopark Silokek Kabupaten Sijunjung

The Kuantan River in the Silokek Geopark Tourism Area, Sijunjung Regency, shows that the condition of the Kuantan River in the Silokek Geopark Tourism Area is a natural and potential tourism area, because the Kuantan River in the Silokek Geopark Tourism Area has become a tourist attraction due to its abundant natural wealth. However, gold mining has caused the Kuantan River water to be categorized as polluted, indicated by its turbidity. This study aims to determine the types of macrozoobenthos found in the Kuantan River within the Silokek Geopark Tourism Area, Sijunjung Regency. This research was conducted from August to December 2023. The research used a descriptive survey method, which included direct observation and sampling at the research site. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, selecting three research stations. Sample identification was conducted at the Biology Education Laboratory, Universitas PGRI Sumatera Barat. Physicochemical water measurements were carried out at the Laboratory of Standardization and Industrial Services in Gadut, Padang, West Sumatra. The results of the research on the types of macrozoobenthos found in the Kuantan River within the Silokek Geopark Tourism Area, Sijunjung Regency, identified 10 species belonging to 2 classes: Gastropoda and Pelecypoda. Eight species of Gastropoda were found: Tarebia granifera, Thiara scabra, Brotia costula, Tryonia clathrata, Pleurocera acuta, Thiara scabra, Goniobasis livescens, Brotia sp., and 2 species of Pelecypoda: Corbicula manilensis and Pilsbryoconcha exilis.

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION

The economic system of any country mainly defines and predetermines the essence of that social order and its driving forces. The production and economic relations formed within the society and, first of all, the flows of distribution and redistribution of national wealth and income are predetermined based on the property rights of people and different groups over the means of production. Especially the inequality of wealth and income within society, which deepens and expands with time due to that circumstance. Nevertheless, economic growth and its pace are of decisive importance for ensuring socio-economic acceleration and solving many problems. And, although the role of the economic system in sustainable development and social cooperation is great, Russia's 140-year economic history and implemented economic policy prove that the professional skills and experience of those implementing economic policy, the ability to correctly navigate difficult situations and find appropriate solutions, are of great importance.

THE GENESIS OF THE SUBJECTIVITY OF THE ALGORITHM FOR THE USE OF NATURAL OBJECTS OF THE PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THE UKRAINIAN PEOPLE

The author points out the need for scientific research into the priority of legal subjectivity among all participants to land relations and the balanced use of natural objects of property rights of the Ukrainian people, including in the agricultural sector, which is considered to be a relevant and key factor in solving the existing problems of land monopoly and corruption in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to systematize and summarize the new knowledge of constitutional land pragmatism gained by the author to substantiate the legal priority of balanced use of natural objects as the main national wealth from the perspective of national interests. The author examines the conceptual, legislative, programmatic, organizational and other approaches to the implementation of the so-called land reform in Ukraine. The author reveals the variability of forms of ownership of land and its natural resources from the beginning of perestroika of the USSR to the present day, which have given rise to the existing “market land problems” in Ukraine on an unconstitutional basis. It is established that the newest innovative interests of ethnic Ukrainians, as well as all full-fledged citizens of Ukraine, especially now, are fully consistent with the constitutionally motivated imperatives of land relations and nature management. It is proved that the introduction of effective forms, methods and means of counteracting the current internal corrupt aggression is a crucial and urgent task. For the first time, the author outlines the invariant features inherent in the Ukrainian ethnos, which are in a state of life-giving humanity, space pioneering, innovative ingenuity, harmony of thinking and creative inspiration, genetically and spiritually passed on (manifested) through the subjectivity of generations of glorious ancestors of ethnic Ukrainians, their families, clans and families. The practical solution to the existing problems in land relations and nature management largely depends on the prompt implementation by the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the author’s scientifically based systemic measures of the “New Paradigm for the Implementation of Land Reform in Ukraine”.

Social Religious Relations of the NU and Muhammadiyah Islamic Communities in the Multicultural Era

This research aims to find out how Nu and Muhammadiyah community organizations form and maintain social relations in the current multicultural era. The method used in this research is a descriptive research method. The data collection technique in this research uses library research. The data collection technique for this research is by searching for data, reading data, marking data, and narrating data related to information contained in books, journals, proceedings, print media and online media. The results of this research state that Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah have a very important role in maintaining and strengthening social relations in the multicultural era in Indonesia. Nu and Muhammadiyah provide education and character development to various educational institutions, emphasizing tolerance and moderation through Islam Nusantara. Nu and Muhammadiyah through their education and lectures often include instilling inclusive national values, respecting diversity as the nation's wealth. Through these various approaches, Nu and Muhammadiyah have succeeded in maintaining and strengthening social relations in the multicultural era in Indonesia. They play an important role in building a more inclusive, tolerant and harmonious society, and respect cultural, religious and ethnic differences as wealth that must be protected and respected.