Weaker Sex Research Articles

Analysis of Gender Differences for Women Entrepreneurs by SWOT Model

Though often considered “the weaker sex,” women have led entrepreneurship to a popular phenomenon. Given their unique characteristics, women face different situations and difficulties than men, but they also enjoy unique advantages as entrepreneurs. SWOT analysis is used in this paper to draw a comprehensive evaluation of women from the aspects of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to give some suggestions for entrepreneurial platforms. Finally, a better vision is raised that more research will be proposed to provide theoretical guidance for female entrepreneurship.

Understanding the Conditions and Perceptions of Women Workers in the Hotel Industry of New Delhi

This research is an exploratory work to understand the conditions and perceptions of women workers in the hospitality sector, particularly the hotel industry. The study has taken place in two Five Star Luxury Hotels of New Delhi. In the hospitality sector of India, women are more widely employed now than in the past. However, compared to their male counterparts, women are still deprived and there is mass inequity prevalent in this sector, especially in decision making roles.The luxury hotels in India are known to offer high quality service at a significant premium and the target market segment is usually business executives and upmarket foreign/domestic tourists. This sector employs a large number of women at the operational level, thereby enhancing their status in the society. However there is still some clear visible invisibility in the case of women holding autonomous positions. The reason behind this could be as simple as the stereotyped beliefs that are held against women which consider them to be the weaker sex, or they could even be the way women perceive themselves and the way they balance their career and domestic responsibilities. The current literature on Indian hotels hardly covers the perceptions of female labor in Hotel Industries. Therefore, the focus of this study is to highlight gender in the operational level workers of this industry and get detailed studies to derive meaningful conclusions. The main rationale behind doing this study is that a majority of economic workers are concentrated in this field and their lives are both under-investigated and under-reported. The Hotel Industry is a very fertile environment to study issues surrounding women’s experiences of work.

Rehabilitation of mentally ill women.

Women, the fair sex, are principal providers of care and support to families. But, they are considered to be the weaker sex and one of the most powerless and marginalized sections of our society. The provision of Rehabilitation for mentally ill women has been, and still is, one of the major challenges for mental health systems reform in the last decades, for various reasons. The present paper discusses the global and Indian scenario of rehabilitation of mentally ill women and goes on to detail the contribution of the state and voluntary agencies in this regard. It explores the need of recovery, multilayered strategy of Rehabilitation services and the availability of present services. The stigma attached and legal defects which interfere in good quality of life for the mentally ill women are reviewed. Strategies for changes in future are recommended.

A Belfast Woman: Shame, Guilt, and Gender in Mary Beckett’s Short Stories of the 1950s

Mary Beckett, who died in November 2013 at the age of eighty-seven, was, as writer Damian Smyth told the Belfast Telegraph upon her passing, “a new voice from an unexpected place.” Although Beckett’s later work is better known, she first emerged as a powerful female voice in Irish literature during the 1950s. During that decade, she wrote several radio plays for BBC Northern Ireland; she was featured as the lone woman in a symposium called “The Young Writer” in the Dublin literary magazine the Bell in 1951; she was included in a special “Women Writers Issue” of Irish Writing, alongside Elizabeth Bowen, Mary Lavin, and Kate O’Brien, in 1954; and she was given pride of place as author of the lead short story in the Belfast journal Threshold when it launched in 1957. By that time she had married and moved to Dublin, as her biography and byline for that issue indicated. After her second story for Threshold, “The Weaker Sex,” appeared in 1958, she would not publish again for twenty-two years until Sean McMahon, then an editor at Poolbeg Press, encouraged her to gather her previous stories and to write a new one that would become the title piece to her 1980 collection A Belfast Woman. At the time of that anthology’s publication, the marketing campaign for Beckett’s book promoted her as a mother of five children, and she was often interviewed and photographed in her kitchen, with her tile backsplash behind her and flowered curtains at the window, her white hair primly styled, her smile very much resembling stereotypical ideas of what a kind Irish grandmother should look like—although she was only fifty-four-years-old. In 1987, Beckett published her first novel, Give Them Stones, which is often read as a representative work about the “Troubles.” She wrote a second collection of stories, A Literary Woman

Crazy brains and the weaker sex: the British case (1860-1900)

Psychiatry is sometimes described as a particularly sexist science, having contributed in the past to derogatory discourses on the inferiority of the so-called “weaker sex”, and colluded in practice with the consignment of women to mental institutions. The “mad-doctors” agreed to hospitalize “abnormal” women who dared to rebel against male desires. This article does not question the link between psychiatry and anti-feminism, but considers this history from another angle, by analysing the repercussions of this sexist standpoint on the shaping of medical knowledge, and conversely, on representations of female patients. The British case demonstrates that not all physicians accepted theories about women’s mental inferiority, and that such theories were sometimes contested by the patients themselves. “Psychiatric power” was not all-powerful, nor did it necessarily speak with one voice. By exploring the debates surrounding the “weaker brain” theory in nineteenth-century Britain, this paper aims to shed fresh light on the construction (and deconstruction) of psychiatric ideas, and to help understand how the subjects of such ideas – women patients – sometimes succeeded in challenging the views of their doctors, “from below”.

Women's Potential in Dealing with Natural Disasters: A Case Study from Sri Lanka

Disaster is gender indifferent but its impact is usually gender differentiated. The 2004 Tsunami statistics show that male survivors in Sri Lanka outnumbered female survivors. The notion of women being the “weaker sex’ gives them limited space for learning physical skills that are deemed vital for surviving disasters. Their knowledge and experience regarding the environment is always undermined. This further limits and discourages them from contributing towards disaster management. Women should be incorporated at every level in the disaster management cycle. Women-centered public awareness and skills training can help increase women and children's disaster preparedness and equip them with the skills necessary to overcome disasters. Women's participation in national-level decision-making is also a necessity. A gender-blind disaster management system can only worsen the impact of disasters, especially for women and girls. This paper challenges the depiction of women as mere victims of disasters, while attempting to point out the vital nexus between women's untapped potential and disaster management.

‘De ongelukkigsten onder de menschen’: De Verbeelding van zenuwzwakte in advertenties voor Pink pillen, 1900-1920

Between 1880 and 1920 Pink Pills, a medication for blood and nerve strengthening, were heavily advertised in Dutch newspapers. The advertisements consisted of the personal stories of patients who had been amazingly healed. This article argues that the Pink Pill advertisements contributed to the ‘psychologizing’ of society. The advertisements created an imaginary community of people suffering from nervous disorders with whom the readers could identify. Initially, the Pink Pill advertisements highlighted somatic explanations for the correlation between weak nerves and ‘thin blood’. After 1910 the advertisements placed ever more emphasis on the personality traits of those with nervous disorders. Furthermore, causes were mentioned, such as considerable work pressure. It is notable that such external causes of the disorders were particularly sought for male sufferers, whereas for female sufferers the cause continued to be attributed to them being the ‘weaker sex’. In this way the Pink Pills promoted awareness about female and male sufferers of nervous disorders.

‘De ongelukkigsten onder de menschen’: De Verbeelding van zenuwzwakte in advertenties voor Pink pillen, 1900-1920

Between 1880 and 1920 Pink Pills, a medication for blood and nerve strengthening, were heavily advertised in Dutch newspapers. The advertisements consisted of the personal stories of patients who had been amazingly healed. This article argues that the Pink Pill advertisements contributed to the ‘psychologizing’ of society. The advertisements created an imaginary community of people sufferingfrom nervous disorders with whom the readers could identify. Initially, the Pink Pill advertisements highlighted somatic explanations for the correlation between weak nerves and ‘thin blood’. After 1910 the advertisements placed ever more emphasis on the personality traits of those with nervous disorders. Furthermore, causes were mentioned, such as considerable work pressure. It is notable that such external causes of the disorders were particularly sought for male sufferers, whereas for female sufferers the cause continued to be attributed to them being the ‘weaker sex’. In this way the Pink Pills promoted awareness about female and male sufferers of nervous disorders.

Beyond Masculinity: Gender, Conflict and Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Northern Uganda

Masculinity and femininity debates of armed conflict in Africa have always regarded men as fighters and women as passive victims of war. The exclusion of women from the armed forces in most traditional societies originated from the assumption that women are a weaker sex and therefore cannot manage military life. Nevertheless, women in Uganda have voluntarily joined the armed forces, while some of them have been abducted and forcefully recruited into the rebel forces. Notwithstanding the central role women have played in the armed conflict in Northern Uganda, they have been side-lined in the processes of peace negotiation and post conflict reconstruction ofthe region. This paper looks at how masculinity is manipulated in conflict and the role women have played in the conflict, peace process and post conflict reconstruction in Northern Uganda.Keywords · Gender · Post-conflict reconstruction · Transitional justice

Social Status of Conjugal Womanhood: A study with the Irula Tribe at Kunjapannai, NilgrisRegion

Social status is a standing or a scrupulousness which is given to personages in the society. Social status can be seen in two dimensions namely through achieved status and ascribed status. Achieved status can be earned through the triumphs, success, achievements of each individual. Whereas ascribed status is earned from the birth of an individual. Wealth, family status, popularity of the family, etc. are few influences which add credits to it. Social status in India varies from individuals to individuals, place to place, male to female, etc. In earlier day women were considered as a weaker sex in all aspects. The status of women in India has taken a different shape in the contemporary era. There are many women playing an important role in different sectors like politics, business, education, bank, IT, etc. However women in India continue to face many problems and social challenges. So this study throws light to bring out the level of social status among conjugal womanhood of Irula tribe. Key wordsStatus, Married Women

Trafficking: A Modern Scenario

Trafficking in persons is an increasing problem that involves both sexual exploitation and labour exploitation of its victims. Both men and women may be victims of trafficking, but the primary victims worldwide are women and girls, the majority of whom are trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Traffickers primarily target women because they are disproportionately affected by poverty and discrimination, factors that impede their access to employment, educational opportunities and other resources. Perhaps the strongest factor is a desperate economic situation, which impacts the availability of satisfactory employment in many countries for women. Traffickers prey on women's vulnerable circumstances and may lure them into crime networks through deceit and false promises of decent working conditions and fair pay. The majority of trafficked women find themselves trapped in debt bondage servitude or “slavery like” condition as a result of being trafficked. The problem of women has been addressed at the international, regional and national levels. Before the creation of the United Nations protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children in October 2000, international treaties refer to trafficking without defining or clarifying whether trafficking includes all form of sex work. Victims are always entitled to the protection of their basic human rights and any measures adopted to protect victims should take into account age, gender and any special needs. “It is a matter of bitter shame and sorrow and deep humiliation that a number of women have to sell their chastity for men's lust. Man, the law giver, will have to pay a dreadful penalty for the degradation he has imposed upon the so-called weaker sex. When woman freed from man's snares rises to the full height and rebels against man's legislation and institution designed by him, her rebellion, no doubt, non-violent, will be nevertheless effective” - Mahatma Gandhi.

Aportes de la mujer en la transformación de los estereotipos socio-culturales del deporte colombiano

La participación de la mujer en el deporte colombiano se ha visto enmarcada en diferentes estereotipos socio-culturales que, a lo largo de la historia, se han transformando, incentivando a la mujer para vincularse en los diversos rol del deporte, como en la administración, integrando equipos médico-científicos y como deportista, entre otros. La mujer, al participar en los Juegos Olímpicos, demuestra su potencialidad, su empoderamiento e interés deportivo, contradiciendo los imaginarios colectivos negativos que la señalaban como el sexo débil. Entonces, la pregunta de investigación es: ¿Qué aporta la mujer al deporte colombiano y cómo contribuye a la transformación de los estereotipos socio-culturales, con su participación en los Juegos Olímpicos? La mujer deportista olímpica colombiana aporta con su participación en los Juegos Olímpicos, demostrando con resultados deportivos que es capaz de sobrepasar todos los obstáculos que se le presenten, en la consecución de sus metas deportivas (sueños olímpicos) y, con ello, transforma los estereotipos creados, demostrando que sí está interesada en el deporte, ejecutándolo, a nivel deportivo, obteniendo medallas y ocupando posiciones significativas y en otras actividades de tipo administrativas, sociales y culturales, convirtiéndola en ejemplo a seguir.

The Weaker Sex? The Propensity for Male-Biased Piglet Mortality

For the most part solutions to farm animal welfare issues, such as piglet mortality, are likely to lie within the scientific disciplines of environmental design and genetic selection, however understanding the ecological basis of some of the complex dynamics observed between parent and offspring could make a valuable contribution. One interesting, and often discussed, aspect of mortality is the propensity for it to be sex-biased. This study investigated whether known physiological and behavioural indicators of piglet survival differed between the sexes and whether life history strategies (often reported in wild or feral populations) relating to parental investment were being displayed in a domestic population of pigs. Sex ratio (proportion of males (males/males+females)) at birth was 0.54 and sex allocation (maternal investment measured as piglet birth weight/litter weight) was statistically significantly male-biased at 0.55 (t35 = 2.51 P = 0.017), suggesting that sows invested more in sons than daughters during gestation. Despite this investment in birth weight, a known survival indicator, total pre-weaning male mortality was statistically significantly higher than female mortality (12% vs. 7% respectively z = 2.06 P = 0.040). Males tended to suffer from crushing by the sow more than females and statistically significantly more males died from disease-related causes. Although males were born on average heavier, with higher body mass index and ponderal index, these differences were not sustained. In addition male piglets showed impaired thermoregulation compared to females. These results suggest male-biased mortality exists despite greater initial maternal investment, and therefore reflects the greater susceptibility of this sex to causal mortality factors. Life history strategies are being displayed by a domestic population of pigs with sows in this study displaying a form of parental optimism by allocating greater resources at birth to males and providing an over-supply of this more vulnerable sex in expectation of sex-biased mortality.

A Car for the "Weaker Sex"?

Journal Article A Car for the “Weaker Sex”? Get access OAH Magazine of History, Volume 26, Issue 1, January 2012, Page 5, https://doi.org/10.1093/oahmag/oar060 Published: 01 January 2012

Gender Discrimination: Implications for Pakistan Security

Gender discrimination is a non-tradition threat to Pakistan and it has implications for Pakistan security. Pakistani women are more than half of the total population, but women are treated inhumanly within their homes by their husbands or dominant males through different ways like Domestic Violence, Sawara, Vani, Karo Kari, Honour Killing, Acid Throwing, Forced Marriages etc. Gender discrimination is also deeply rooted in Pakistani society in education and employment sectors. The of a state like Pakistan is connected with the of whole population and a country cannot be considered secure until its whole population feel secure. For the progress and prosperity of a country there is needed to eliminate the discriminatory attitude of the society towards the women. There are multiple ways to improve balance in the country which will reduce This study discusses discrimination as non-traditional security threat to the country. It argues that women are more than half of the population and the of women is associated with state security. This is so because no country can be secure until its whole population feels secure. Pakistan needs to empower its women for the progress and prosperity of a country. Balance has been maintained by the nature in all things of the world in order to decorate it with exquisiteness, and it produced a feature that sustains balance in each and every thing. These harmonizing features vary in the ratio that provides to support their accompaniment. In this perspective men and women are well thought-out as the supporting complement for each other, but the main clash in this logic maintain is the term discrimination. The term discrimination refers to unequal behavior able to improve or limit a situation. Normally it is harmful because groups are treated unfairly based on prejudice(s). Discrimination is a rejection process of the other, emphasizing on gender, race, sex, age (children, adolescents, elder), social and marital status, class and caste belonging, political and institutional discrimination (governments, aid agency, spenders), migrant or refugee status, religion, incapacity, handicap (disability, illness, HIV-status) etc. While Gender discrimination refers to different treatment based on sex, including different connotations of values that change with cultural context. It is the most common and longstanding discrimination, and it is triggered by other discriminative behaviors. Gender discrimination is loftily based on stereotype of a fastidious culture, i.e. that considers males physically powerful and consider females as psychologically sensitive or weak. Due to this term gender is often clashes with the term sex. Both terms are used as interchangeably in a common perspective, but there has been a scientific dissimilarity among both. Sex is genetic differentiation of persons; classify them as men and women, this distinction of persons is similar in all the cultures of world, whereas gender is a societal delineation of persons which classify them as male and female. This distinction verifies the function of persons in a fastidious culture. The responsibility of persons in diverse culture is dissimilar and thus the responsibility of is changeable in accordance with the existing societal setup. Gender discrimination defines the practice of granting or denying rights or privileges to a person(s) based on their gender. In some societies, this practice is ancient and satisfactory to both genders. Few religious groups hold discrimination as part of their dogma. However, in most developed countries, it is either unlawful or generally considered unsuitable. The discrimination approach can generally be found in the heredity of certain section of society. Much of the prejudice is recognized to stories such as a woman being made from a mans rib and social community practices such as dowries paid to fathers by prospective husbands to purchase their daughters to be wives. Innumerable literature orientation is made to females being the fairer, weaker sex, and males being the strong, unconquerable hunters of the world. The collective authority of these societal and religious values left little room for impartial thoughts for centuries. Gender inequalities have existed form a long time, but currently, it has greatly threatened the of the state. Everyday forms of violence that occur within our homes include discrimination in intra- household food distribution, lack of access to education and health, early and forced marriages, denial of inheritance right, restriction on womens mobility, verbal abuse, physical and sexual violence against

Pay Differences Among College Students: Are Women the Weaker Sex?

Pay Differences Among College Students: Are Women the Weaker Sex?

Abstract CN08-01: Targeting the androgen receptor in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Abstract CN08-01: Targeting the androgen receptor in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

The weaker sex

The weaker sex

Common understandings of women's mental illness in Ghana: Results from a qualitative study

Despite the high rates of depression and anxiety disorders amongst women, the mental health of women is a neglected area, particularly in Africa. This study sought to explore what key stakeholders perceive as the main causes of mental illness in women in Ghana. Using qualitative methods, 81 semi-structured interviews and seven focus group discussions were conducted with 120 key stakeholders drawn from 5 of the 10 regions in Ghana. The analysis was undertaken using a grounded theory approach. Respondents attributed mental illness in women to a number of causes. These included women being the weaker sex, hormones, witchcraft, adultery, abuse and poverty. Explanations could be clustered under three broad categories: women's inherent vulnerability, witchcraft, and gender disadvantage. The way in which women's subordinate position within society may underpin their mental distress needs to be recognized and addressed. The results from this study offer opportunities to identify how policy can better recognize, accommodate and address the mental health needs of women in Ghana and other low-income African countries.

Sympathetic coronary vasomotor control: are women really the weaker sex?

Evolution has provided mammals with the sympathetic nervous system to mediate the acute stress (i.e. fright, flight or fight) response and prime the body for vigorous physical activity when threatened or wounded. The increase in sympathetic activity not only results in an increased heart rate and cardiac output, but also redistributes blood away from ‘passive’ tissues such as visceral organs (by activation of vasoconstrictor α-adrenoceptors) towards ‘active’ tissues such as skeletal and cardiac muscle (Laughlin et al. 1996). Coronary blood flow is tightly regulated and adjusted in response to changing myocardial metabolic needs such as during stress (Duncker & Bache, 2008). This close coupling of coronary flow and myocardial oxygen demand depends primarily on messengers released from the myocardium and endothelium, but is modulated by the sympathetic nervous system (Zhang et al. 2008). There is evidence that sympathetic control of coronary microvessels during stress differs between species (Duncker & Bache, 2008); however, heterogeneity in sympathetic control of the coronary bed between sexes is still poorly understood. This is an important area of research as different responses to stress in males and females not only appear to be a difference in mindset (fight in males versus flight in females), but are also characterized by differential activation of the sympathetic nervous system (Weitz et al. 2001) and responsiveness to catecholamines (Luksha et al. 2005).