Weak Side Research Articles

Design, synthesis, and analgesia evaluation of novel Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonists modified from Cannabidiol (CBD)

Pain-relief is a long-term research hotspot with huge demand in clinical treatment. The analgesics currently used have several side effects, such as being addictive and causing gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, new drugs and targets in analgesic field are both desirable. Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) plays an essential role in pain perception and regulation, providing a new strategy for the development of antinociceptive agents. Here, a series of novel TRPV1 agonists were designed and synthesized based on Cannabidiol (CBD), a widely used pain-relieving agent with weak agonistic activity on TRPV1. According to the results of systematic in vitro and in vivo biological assays, compound 10f was finally identified as a promising TRPV1 agonist, with higher target affinity, stronger analgesic activity, and weak side effect of hyperthermia. Molecular docking simulations revealed a significant hydrogen bond interaction between 10f and Arg557, an amino acid residue key to the activity of TRPV1 protein. Taken together, compound 10f can be used as a lead compound for further optimization.

Improving the assessment of the diversification of construction companies

Abstract Various indicators are used to determine the level of company diversification. Their adequacy largely depends on the structure of the production programme. Its essential feature is the comparative weight of the main product in the total scope of the company’s work. In this situation, the intensity of the diversification process is reflected by the decrease in the volume of this product due to the inclusion of new products in the production programme. In this case, the adequacy of the diversification indicator can be reflected by comparing the scale of the main product with changes in the value of these indicators. The adequacy will be higher with more changes in the values of diversification indicators corresponding to changes in the volumes of the main product. Four indicators of corporate diversification are the most well-known and widely used: the Berry index, the entropy measure, Utton’s measure and the DG index. All of them have both strong and weak sides, so it is important to determine situations of the company’s production programme in which diversification indicators are appropriate to use, i.e., in which situations their adequacy is the greatest. The research has established that if the comparative weight of the main product of the production programme in the total scope of work is greater than 0.5, then the adequacy of the entropy measure and index DG is higher compared to the Berry index and Utton’s measure. If it is lower than 0.5, the other two diversification indicators should be used. The obtained results will help to more efficiently manage the process of diversification as a company’s development strategy.

Weight Drop Models in Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. TBI is often seen in people with loss of motor, cognitive and sensory function. TBI causes serious health problems such as death, disability and mental disorders. TBI continues to be an increasing health problem all over the world. It is estimated that approximately 1.7 million people suffer from head trauma each year and approximately 50,000 of these individuals die. Although TBI is seen in all ages and populations, the age population with the highest incidence is children and the elderly. Falls, sports activities and motor vehicle accidents are the biggest risk factors for TBI. To develop diagnosis and treatment methods for traumatic brain injury, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying neuropathology should be known. Therefore, different models of mild, moderate and severe experimental traumatic brain injury models are used. Animal models of traumatic brain injury are broadly classified as focal, diffuse, and mixed injury. Fluid percussion, controlled cortical effect, weight reduction and blast wave are the most preferred models in traumatic brain injury experimental research. This review describes the strengths and weaknesses of current rodent models for traumatic brain injury.

The notion of access to health care in a large-scale social health protection initiative: a case study of ‘Sehat Sahulat Programme’ at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Background Sehat Sahulat Programme (SSP), a health insurance initiative, was launched by the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (GoKP) in Pakistan to improve access to quality health services. In this paper, we describe the notion of access under SSP, present stakeholders’ views on access-related challenges, and suggest ways forward to realise SSP’s access-related objective in the broader context of its contribution towards Pakistan’s drive to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Methods We employed a case study design approach using three data sources. We used official GoKP programme documents to capture the chronology of events (policy interventions), in-depth interviews to explore the drivers behind the events and non-participant observations to understand the decision-making and implementation processes. We employed maximum variation sampling. Access to documents and observation sites was gained through the SSP director. We recruited interviewees through direct and indirect approaches and conducted thematic analysis. Findings GoKP engaged the State Life Insurance Corporation (SLIC) of Pakistan as a purchaser. SLIC purchased services from public and private hospitals for SSP patients, up to 600,000 Pakistani Rupees (PKR) per family per year. Considering this insurance coverage, GoKP officials claimed SSP made health care accessible, which the development partners contested. Instead of the narrow finance-centric definition by GoKP, the development partners highlighted the broader dimensions of access, including the services’ acceptability and availability. Tensions existed between the interpretation of the stakeholders on different dimensions of access. For instance, GoKP and SLIC claimed that including private hospitals in SSP improved services’ availability, but development partners noted an under-supply of private providers in remote districts of the province. Bridging such an undersupply, SLIC made inter-district referrals, which the patient advocates noted led to travel costs and geographical barriers. Similarly, GoKP officials claimed SSP had good acceptability. The providers noted that SSP’s acceptability was damaged by limited patient choice, low package rates, and delayed claims payments. Conclusions This analysis suggests that SSP had challenges with the acceptability and geographical dimensions of access which GoKP needed to address. A key transferrable lesson is that demand-side intervention (insurance) might not improve access with a weak supply side. Therefore, countries contemplating improving access to services enroute to achieving UHC need to address both supply and demand-side considerations.

A rigid–flexible coupling finite element model of coupler for analyzing train instability behavior during collision

AbstractRail vehicles generate huge longitudinal impact loads in collisions. If unreasonable matching exists between the compressive strength of the intermediate coupler and the structural strength of the car body, the risk of car body structure damage and train derailment will increase. Herein, a four-stage rigid–flexible coupling finite element model of the coupler is established considering the coupler buckling load. The influence of the coupler buckling load on the train longitudinal–vertical–horizontal buckling behavior was studied, and the mechanism of the train horizontal buckling instability in train collisions was revealed. Analysis results show that an intermediate coupler should be designed to ensure that the actual buckling load is less than the compressive load when the car body structure begins to deform plastically. The actual buckling load of the coupler and the asymmetry of the structural strength of the car body in the lateral direction are two important influencing factors for the lateral buckling of a train collision. If the strength of the two sides of the car body structure in the lateral direction is asymmetrical, the deformation on the weaker side will be larger, and the end of the car body will begin to deflect under the action of the coupler force, which in turn causes the train to undergo sawtooth buckling.

QR Code Usage at Dataran Merdeka KL QR Trail: A Start to Smart Tourism Destinations

This study assesses the application of the QR code in the tourism industry by focusing on the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis based on the sustainability aspects of the Dataran Merdeka KL QR trail. The SWOT analysis was done based on on-site observation and interviews. We found the KL QR trail has a lot of strengths, especially its location and historical values that will remain in history. However, the lack of promotional activities constitutes the weak side of the trail. Regarding the opportunities, collaborations and product enhancement should be considered. Vandalism, unforeseen weather conditions, and the emergence of new technology pose a threat to the trail. As for the sustainability aspects, financial support, job opportunities, and the Sustainable Development Goals Centre (SDGs) constitute the strengths, while insufficient funds, safety risks, and limited garbage disposable bins represent the weaknesses. However, numerous opportunities like internship programs or educational courses, developing a recycling hub, and environmental campaigns were feasible. Notably, funding issues, leakage, loss of job opportunities, and environmental degradation were a few identified threats. This study’s findings generate significant information concerning smart tourism and Malaysia’s destination, allowing tourism providers and future scholars to comprehend its implication for the advancement of the smart tourism industry. This paper is one of the first to evaluate the QR code application and sustainability aspects of tourism trail.

Theoretical analysis of two cracks in sandstone under the simultaneous action of pressure and shear stress

AbstractThe cracked rock mass could slide along the weak side under the action of compressive loads and shear loads in landslides; thus, the stability evaluation of the crack in rock mass media is of particular importance. The formulas of stress intensity factors (SIFs) for each crack tip are theoretically derived by implementing complex function theory. The results of the analytical solutions are then compared with the predicted results of the finite element analysis via ABAQUS software, revealing a slight relative error. Photo elastic experiment and static compression tests are conducted to verify the correctness of theoretical results. The obtained results reveal that the internal pressure leads to the increasing SIFs of mode II at crack tips. Further, the larger the difference between the horizontal and vertical compressive stresses, the more likely the occurrence of shear failure in the cracked rock mass. For the two cracks, the most dangerous point is the inner crack tip of the longer crack.

Effect of Unintended Tissue Injury on the Development of Thigh Symptoms After Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Patients With Adult Spinal Deformity: A Retrospective Case Series.

A retrospective case series. This study aimed to investigate the effects of lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF)-induced unintended tissue damage, including cage subsidence, cage malposition, and hematoma in the psoas major muscle, on the development of thigh symptoms. Thigh symptoms are the most frequent complications after LLIF and are assumed to be caused by lumbar plexus compression and/or direct injury to the psoas major muscle. However, the causes and risk factors of thigh symptoms are yet to be fully understood. Adult patients with spinal deformity who underwent two-stage surgery using LLIF and a posterior open fusion for the first and second stages, respectively, were included. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were routinely performed after LLIF before posterior surgery to investigate cage subsidence, cage malposition, and hematoma in the psoas muscle. We evaluated the development of thigh symptoms after LLIF and examined the effects of tissue injury on the occurrence of thigh symptoms. The differences in demographics and surgical and tissue damage parameters were compared between the groups with and without thigh symptoms using unpaired t tests and chi-squared tests. Factors associated with the development of thigh symptoms and muscle weakness were also assessed using logistic regression analysis. Overall, 130 patients [17 men and 113 women; mean age, 68.7 (range, 47-84)] were included. Thigh symptoms were observed in 52 (40.0%) patients, including muscle weakness and contralateral side symptoms in 20 (15.4%) and 9 (17.3%) patients, respectively. The factors significantly associated with thigh symptoms identified after multiple logistic regression analysis included hematoma (odds ratio: 2.27, 95% CI, 1.03-5.01) and approach from the right side (odds ratio: 2.64, 95% CI, 1.21-5.75). The presence of cage malposition was the only significant factor associated with muscle weakness (odds ratio: 4.12, 95% CI, 1.37-12.4). We found unintended tissue injury during LLIF was associated with thigh symptoms. We found that hematoma in the psoas major muscle and cage malposition were the factors associated with thigh symptoms and muscle weakness, respectively.

Review of the “Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Sex and Sexuality”

This paper is a review essay of the recently published Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Sex and Sexuality, edited by Brian D. Earp, Clare Chambers, and Lori Watson (2022). The anthology consists of an introduction and 40 essays, and it has eight parts: (I) What Is Sex? Is Sex Good?; (II) Sexual Orientations; (III) Sexual Autonomy and Consent; (IV) Regulating Sexual Relationships; (V) Pathologizing Sex and Sexuality; (VI) Contested Desires; (VII) Objectification and Commercialized Sex; and (VIII) Technology and the Future of Sex. The anthology contains essays mostly by philosophers and a few by non-philosophers (which can be a double-edged sword for a philosophy book). Some essays survey a topic, while others defend specific theses. I argue that the quality of the essays varies, but that all are thought-provoking. Although the essays that deal with sexual orientation and race tend to be on the weaker side, those that deal with technology, objectification, incest, pedophilia, sex work, and the regulation of relationships are on the strong side.

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF BAMBOO CRAFT HOME-SCALE INDUSTRIES USING DIAMOND PORTER MODELING AT MALUMBI VILAGE, KAMBERA DISTRICT, EASTERN OF SUMBA REGENCY

The existence of Malumbi Vilage as bamboo craft production area predicted has a chance to be developed. The aim of this study was treated the SWOT analysis against the bamboo craft business using SWOT matrix and Diamond Porter Modeling to determine the suitable strategy developing priority of the business. The results of scoring from internal aspect (IFE) showed that the bamboo craft business has strength from the skills of the craftsmans with score 0,36 and the weakness showed from the age of craftsmans, marketing targets and information acquisition with each scores showed 0,12.The total score of overall internal aspect (IFE) showed 2,79 higher than standard 2,5 mean that the bamboo craft business from Malumbi already success maintenancing the strength to handling the weakness side. While the scoring results from external aspects (EFE) of the bamboo craft has the prime opportunity from the continuity availiability of the raw materialswith score 0,46 while the main threats were the existence of competitors and the unstable of economical conditions with the score of each showed 0,35. score of overall external aspect (EFE) showed 2,88 higher than standard 2,5 mean that the bamboo craft business able to advantaging the opportunities to covering the threats. Based on total score of IFE 2,79 and EFE 2,88 then matching the scores using SWOT matrix and Diamond Porter Modeling then concluded that this bomboo craft business stay in middle level of external and internal conditions then in this condition the suitable strategies to applied was “Grow and Develop” strategy.

Towards Steering Magnetic Nanoparticles in Drug Targeting Using a Linear Halbach Array

Abstract. Magnetic nanoparticles offer numerous promising biomedical applications, e.g. magnetic drug targeting. Here, magnetic drug carriers inside the human body are directed towards tumorous tissue by an external magnetic field. However, the success of the treatment strongly depends on the amount of drug carriers, reaching the desired tumor region. This steering process is still an open research topic. In this paper, the previous study of a linear Halbach array is extended by an additional Halbach array with different magnetization angles between two adjacent magnets and investigated numerically using COMSOL Multiphysics. The Halbach arrays are arranged with permanent magnets and generate a relatively large region of a moderately homogeneous, high magnetic field while having a strong gradient. This results in a strong magnetic force, trapping many particles at the magnets. Afterwards, to avoid particle agglomeration, the Halbach array is flipped to its weak side. Therefore, the magnetic flux density, its gradient and the resulting magnetic force are computed for the different Halbach arrays with different constellations of magnetization directions. Since the calculation of the gradient can lead to high errors due to the used mesh in Comsol, the gradient was derived analytically by investigating two different fitting functions. Overall, the array with a 90∘ shifted magnetization performs best, changing the magnetic sides of the array easily and deflecting more particles. Besides, the results revealed that the magnetic force dominates directly underneath the magnets compared to the other existing forces on the SPIONS. Summarized, the results depict that the magnetic force and, thus, the region where the particles are able to get washed out, can be adjusted using low-cost permanent magnets.

Fault phase selection method for high voltage transmission line of high proportion renewable energy system

In the high-proportion renewable energy source grid (HP-RES grid), the nonlinear controlled characteristics of renewable energy sources, make the fault characteristics of power grid more complex, which deteriorates the performance of traditional phase selection components of high-voltage transmission lines. Based on the engineering practice of typical HP-RES grid, this paper analyzes the adaptability of traditional phase selection methods under different operation modes of the system. On this basis, a fault phase selection method adapted for high voltage transmission line of HP-RES grid is proposed. The method combines the voltage amplitude and variation comparison to identify single-phase fault and multi-phase fault based on the instantaneous value integral algorithm. The single-phase fault identification and faulty phase selection are carried out by using the proportional relationship between the intermediate value and the minimum value of the measurement phase voltage, and the multi-phase fault phase identification and faulty phase selection is carried out by using the amplitude of the measurement line voltage. Considering the large short-circuit current in large operation mode as the factor, the fault phase voltage value will be increased to a great extent in the case of fault resistance. In order to prevent the phase selection error, the single-phase fault selection is carried out by using the phase type and proportional relationship between the maximum value of phase compensation voltage variation and the minimum value of phase-phase compensation voltage variation when the above single-phase selection criterion fails. The simulation results show that the proposed fault phase selection method is not affected by the power source type, suitable for weak power source side and can correctly select faulty phase under different operation modes of HP-RES grid, which has high reliability and sensitivity.

Efficiency improvement of health care institutions activities using swot-analysis

Annotation. The use of SWOT analysis to evaluate the activities of medical organizations will allow the management of these institutions to make effective management decisions and choose appropriate strategies, which opens up new directions for future development. The purpose of our research was to conduct a review of literary sources and prove the importance of using a SWOT analysis as one of the key tools for implementing strategic management of any medical institution in order to improve the indicators of the population's health level while using the minimum amount of available resources, identifying strong and weak sides of medical institutions, as well as opportunities and threats of the external environment in the conditions of a market economy. A review of literary sources was conducted from 2004 to 2021, inclusive, using the scientometric databases PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar. The search in the scientific literature included the following terms: SWOT analysis, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, strategic management, healthcare facilities. After a detailed analysis of more than 70 publications, 39 works were selected and included in this review article. The approach of analyzing the work of medical institutions proposed by us allows us to choose the optimal way of development of these organizations and avoid threats from the external environment, to choose the right management decisions regarding the strategic development of the relevant institution, which will increase the competitiveness of the enterprise and the efficiency of its work in general.

ELECTRONIC INFORMATION AND TRANSACTIONS LAW AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA: CONFRONTATIONAL OR ACCOMMODATIVE?

Technological developments, including online transactions, can no longer be avoided. But unfortunately, in carrying out online transactions themselves, the consumer is often on the very weak side. Therefore, it is necessary to have a regulation for the implementation of online business in Indonesia. This study aims to see how the Information and Electronic Transaction Law (UU ITE) is present in business development in Indonesia, especially for consumers. This research will be carried out using a normative juridical approach. The data used in this research comes from various previous research results and several legal sources in Indonesia, especially the ITE Law. The results of this study then found that article 4 in the Consumer Protection Act (UUPK) explains various rights owned by consumers. Then specifically, the ITE Law explains how to protect consumers that occur in the realm of online transactions. The presence of the ITE Law, despite its controversy in Indonesian society, can save consumers from conducting online business in Indonesia.

Effect of the secondary microcontact state induced by the all-factor thermal effect on bidirectional thermal contact performance

Contact interfaces are widespread in electronic systems, and the heat dissipation problem caused by the thermal contact resistance (TCR) has seriously affected the overall performance. Previous studies often disregarded the effect of the secondary microcontact state induced by thermal effects such as thermal stress and thermal softening on thermal contact performance, such as TCR, contact interface temperature distribution nonuniformity (CITDN), and the thermal rectification effect. Therefore, this paper proposes a thermomechanical coupled numerical model that considers the secondary microcontact state induced by all-factor thermal effects, and the effect of the thermal effect on bidirectional thermal contact performance under different temperatures, thermal expansion coefficients and constraints is revealed. Furthermore, a method to control the thermal rectification coefficient by controlling the contact gap was proposed. The results show that the influence of thermal effects on TCR and CITDN at high temperatures, with high thermal expansion coefficients and under strong constraint conditions cannot be disregarded and that the influence of temperature and thermal expansion coefficient on the strong constraint side is greater than that on the weak constraint side. The thermal rectification effect is effectively enhanced by adjusting the initial contact gap determined by the thermal expansion coefficient, elastic modulus and temperature.

Denizcilik Üniversitelerinde Girişimcilik Eğitimi

People with entrepreneurial skills and mindset have a great role in stirring the economy and meeting financial, social, and humanitarian needs by taking risks, especially when there is uncertainty. It is vital to take every action to stimulate the entrepreneurial potential of society, to promote entrepreneurial culture, and to have more people with an entrepreneurial mindset and skills. One of these actions is giving entrepreneurial education, especially to the young. On the other hand, there are more chances in some sectors for entrepreneurs to be successful. Maritime is one of these, with its fast development, involvement of people from different backgrounds and cultures in all parts of the world, and multinational, multicultural, and multiregional character in terms of stakeholders. These points make entrepreneurial education in maritime schools an important issue. In this research, entrepreneurial education given in maritime universities, which are referred to as "Blue Universities," was looked into, its strong and weak sides were investigated, and recommendations for its development were given.

ANALYSIS OF GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SKIING TRACKS FOR TOURISTIC POTENTIAL EVALUATION OF UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the quality of skiing tracks in the Ukrainian Carpathians. To do this we suppose to define a set of geomorphological characteristics of skiing tracks and determine theirs influence value on the tracks specialization and its suitability for skiing, also assess the touristic potential of the ski resorts of the Ukrainian Carpathians.
 Methods and approaches of research borrowed from a similar study on the avalanches danger estimation of other ski resorts. We obtained a number of geomorphological characteristics of the tracks and visually estimated the quality of its bed using created lengthwise and cross-section profiles of skiing slopes using a digital relief model. The visual analysis identified the areas for braking, as well as significant inequalities, protracted areas and track parts with inversed inclination which make worse the quality of the skiing and is danger the skiers.
 So the main research method is the cartographic modeling. We selected 7 ski resorts located in different parts of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The profiles were created using free Geographic Information System QGIS and open geospatial data of radar survey of the Earth's surface (SRTM and ASTER GDEM). We also compared received results with foreign similar studies. Scientific novelty. There are defined the set of geomorphological characteristics of a ski slope in the article. There are the length of the track (or its horizontal projection), the level difference and the derivative characteristic is the steepness of the slope (as well as its maximum and minimum values). This list was supplemented by cross-section profiles description (it may be convex, bent, flat or inclined). Altogether we compared 24 tracks of the Ukrainian Carpathians. There are created lengthwise and cross-section profiles for each of them and all results put into a table presented in the article.
 Practical results. We made a conclusion that the skiing slopes of the Ukrainian Carpathians have similar geomorphological characteristics in most cases. The average slope of the tracks is 9.5°. The maximum value is 13° and the minimum is about 3°. The length of the tracks varies from 1 to 4 km and the length of majority of them is not excites of 1.8 km. The height difference is from 50 m to 550 m, the average mean is 315 m, which is not quite long. The configurations of the most horizontal profiles are convex or even, which is not optimal for skiing. In addition, the presence of hills makes “blind zones” which limit the visibility of the track and can cause a collision of skiers. Most of skiing track beds has convex cross-section profiles or they are significantly declined, which is also not an advantage.
 Based on the received metric values we defined the weak and strong sides of the national resorts. The ski slopes haven’t many complexity categories and are interesting for amateur skiers. Therefore the national resorts give way to foreign ones even located in the Carpathians which have a greater variety and more levels of complexity of tracks. This circumstance can be an obstacle to maintenance of tracks and increase requirements for corresponding equipment. So national skiing resorts should focus on pricing policies and territorial accessibility.

Ruqyah Jaranan And Its Resistance On The Dominant Culture

This paper discusses how Ruqyah Jaranan, a cultural event in East Java, is constructed as a resistance to the existing culture. It was typical that resistance appears from the weak side to the strong side. This case shows a resistance culture that was born from the strong to the weak culture. It specifically talks about the way Ruqyah Jaranan emerged in Kedawung Jember as a way to change the nature of the good young generation in that village. This paper argues that this event is an attempt from a particular people in dealing with what so called as “good young generation”. But the value of the culture has negotiated with the way the society in that village articulated the nature of the good young generation. This event has implications to shape the religiosity and morality of the young generation as behavior in daily life.

Unusual presentation of rheumatoid arthritis as bilateral pleural effusion and asymmetrical arthropathy

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most frequent chronic autoimmune diseases affecting the joints and the appendicular skeletal system. RA can present with multiple presentations and pulmonary involvement also can occur in RA. Inflammatory pleural effusions are uncommon in RA individuals, occurring in roughly 2–5% of cases. Here, we report a case where the patient came with pleural effusion on both sides and asymmetrical arthritis with a background of cervical radiculopathy due to an injury that occurred at school age. Further examination of the individual and the pleural fluid revealed that it was compatible with pleural effusion caused by RA. The joints on the weak side were devoid of all intense features of RA. Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic medicines worked effectively for the patient.

Pemberdayaan Perempuan Buta Huruf Melalui Program Literasi Muslimat NU Di Desa Sugihwaras

Empowerment is a development effort by giving strength to weak parties to be able to identify and build themselves. In the village of Sugihwaras itself, the weak side are women who are still illiterate. Women in Sugihwaras Village have retardation in terms of reading, even though there have been efforts from the government to overcome them. The purpose of this study was to find out about the empowerment of women who are still illiterate in Sugihwaras Village through a program from NU Muslimat. This study uses a qualitative method. The results showed that the number of illiterate women encouraged the NU Ranting Sugihwaras organization to hold women's empowerment programs such as special schools for mothers. The program is expected to improve literacy culture so that it can advance women and development in Sugihwaras Village.