Weak Side Research Articles

Problematic aspects of medical artificial intelligence. Part 2

The capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are growing at an unprecedented pace. These technologies have many useful applications, from machine translation to medical image analysis. A large number of such applications are currently being developed, and an increasing number of such applications is expected in the long term. Unfortunately, weaknesses and other unpleasant aspects of AI have received insufficient attention. In this review, we consider a whole range of already known problems and possible risks associated with the use of innovative neural network technologies, paying special attention to the ways of preventing real dangers and potential threats in order to expand the range of stakeholders and profile experts involved in the discussion of current issues of medical AI cybersecurity, formation of responsible approach to the vulnerabilities of neural network platforms, increasing the reliability of equipment protection for its safe use, as well as the importance of legal and ethical aspects of regulating the use of AI. Despite certain challenges described in our review, it is clear that AI will be an important element of the healthcare future. As the population continues to age and the demand for healthcare services grows, neural networks are expected to drive healthcare very soon, especially in the areas of medical image analysis, virtual assistants, drug development, treatment recommendations and patients' data processing. We would like to emphasize that while we recognize the innovative role that digital technologies and AI can and should play in strengthening the domestic healthcare system, we should not overlook the importance of timely and accurate assessment of their beneficial or negative impact on the industry to ensure such management decisions do not unnecessarily divert our attention and resources from non-digital approaches and research. This article is a continuation of the article by Berdutin VA, Romanova TE, Romanov SV, Abaeva OP. Problematic aspects of medical artificial intelligence. Part 1. Sociology of Medicine. 2023;22(2):202–211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/socm619132

Facilitating topic modeling in tourism research:Comprehensive comparison of new AI technologies

In the past few years, a new crop of transformer-based language models such as Google's BERT and OpenAI's ChatGPT has become increasingly popular in text analysis, owing their success to their ability to capture the entire document's context. These new methods, however, have yet to percolate into tourism academic literature. This paper aims to fill in this gap by providing a comparative analysis of these instruments against the commonly used Latent Dirichlet Allocation for topic extraction of contrasting tourism-related data: coherent vs. noisy, short vs. long, and small vs. large corpus size. The data are typical of tourism literature and include comments of followers of a popular blogger, TripAdvisor reviews, and review titles. We provide recommendations of data domains where the review methods demonstrate the best performance, consider success dimensions, and discuss each method's strong and weak sides. In general, GPT tends to return comprehensive, highly interpretable, and relevant to the real-world topics for all datasets, including the noisy ones, and at all scales. Meanwhile, ChatGPT is the most vulnerable to the issue of trust common to the “black box” model, which we explore in detail.

A Study on the Language Status of Left-behind Children in Key Counties of National Rural Revitalization and a relevant Application development : A Case Study of Youyang

At present, the problem of left-behind children in our country is receiving more and more attention. As the key object of rural revitalization, the language status of left-behind children is very important to the improvement of rural education quality and the overall revitalization strategy. Taking Youyang County as an example, this paper aims to explore the influencing factors of left-behind children's language attitude in Youyang area, and analyze the role and benefits of corresponding Putonghua Help App on language learning. Through the investigation and analysis of the left-behind children's language use in Youyang area, it is found that they have the characteristics of "multi-language coexistence, strong side and weak side" in language. In this context, the emergence of Mandarin Help App provides a convenient, efficient and interesting way for left-behind children to learn. By using Putonghua Help App, left-behind children can better improve their Putonghua level and promote ethnic language exchange and cultural inheritance. Therefore, Putonghua Help App plays an important role in improving the language attitude of left-behind children in Youyang area and improving Putonghua level, which has positive significance in promoting the improvement of local language environment. Meanwhile, the research results will provide strong support for improving the language education of left-behind children and promoting rural revitalization.

THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MAKING FOREIGN POLICY DECISIONS IN THE UKRAINIAN-RUSSIAN WAR

The article considers the application of the artificial intelligence systems as a new tool in making foreign policy decision. The content of the concept of artificial intelligence is studied, the scope of the use of artificial intelligence systems in everyday life and in international relations is studied. It can be noted that AI, as a progressive and rapidly developing technology, has a large set of tools that help people make decisions and increase the efficiency of their work, for example, save time and spent resources to achieve a particular result. With the development of technology, more and more machines with artificial intelligence are used in various areas of life. For example, the field of medicine, mechanical engineering, data analysis, public administration and politics - all these fields are actively developing with using of artificial intelligence technologies. Special attention is paid to how artificial intelligence affects in making decision, event forecasting, and automation of data analysis. The use of artificial intelligence systems in international diplomacy was analyzed. Attention is focused on the weak and strong sides and what risks this technology can carry for foreign policy decisions. The given statistical data show how artificial intelligence is treated in Ukraine. Based on the research, it can be concluded that for the widespread use of artificial intelligence, it is necessary to develop convenient and transparent rules and algorithms, norms for the using of technology and its interaction with people. Summarizing the discussed topic, we will come to the conclusion that artificial intelligence will soon become a powerful tool in international relations, diplomacy, and in other areas of our life, which will bring benefit and a real threat. But in order for the benefit to be greater, it is necessary that the people who will use artificial intelligence be trained and knowledgeable in the technology.

Discussion and analysis the value of supine median³ nystagmus in the diagnosis and treatment of HC-BPPV

Objective:To explore the clinical value of supine median³ nystagmus in the accurate diagnosis of horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo（HC-BPPV）. Methods:A total of 187 patients with HC-BPPV admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from June 2020 to March 2021 were selected. Among them 42 cases of Cupulolithiasis and 145 cases of Canalithiasis. The nystagmus parameters of patients left and right supine position and supine median³ position were recorded in detail by RART. According to the direction of supine median³ nystagmus, patients were divided into three groups: group A（nystagmus to weak side）, group B（nystagmus to strong side）, group C（negative nystagmus）. The canalith repositioning manoeuvres（CRM） was carried out by utility of an automatic vestibular function diagnosis and therapy system（SRM-IV）. The cure rate of CRM in three groups of HC-BPPV patients was compared, Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the influencing factors of CRM for HC-BPPV. Results:The cure rates of group A, group B and group C were 81.58%, 16.13% and 56.25%, respectively. The difference among the three groups was statistically significant. Then a pairwise comparison of group A, B and C, the difference was statistically significant（χ²A-B=40.294,P<0.001,χ²B-C=14.528, P<0.001,χ²A-C=11.606, P=0.001）; the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the direction of supine median³ nystagmus and BMI were the influencing factors of CRM for HC-BPPV. Conclusion:The direction, intensity and duration of supine median³ nystagmus play an important role in determining the responsibility semicircular canal of HC-BPPV.

Electronic Sales Partnership Network Management Information System Model Of In Multi-Level Marketing

Advertising is a commercial activity that has found its place in our lives since the earliest known periods of trade. The impact of developing technologies has led to changes in advertising techniques and media. An important part of trade has recently moved online. Similarly, advertising activities have also moved online. Advertising activities to be carried out online have superior and weak sides. One of the marketing methods adopted and accepted by businesses today is multi-level marketing. Another working method adopted by businesses is the sales revenue partnership system. Within the scope of our research, we have tried to put forward a working model that brings together the superior aspects of multi-level marketing and sales revenue partnership system organization. On the one hand, it is aimed to create a management information system model that accepts the advertising campaigns organized by advertisers and acts as an affiliate system, and on the other hand, it is aimed to create a management information system model for promoting these campaigns quickly and reliably on the internet through publishers who have come together with the multi-level marketing organization. The question "How can a management information system be designed for this type of working model?" was adopted as the main problem of the research and a literature review was conducted in this direction. Leading global and local companies adopting both working models were analyzed in terms of structure and terms used. With the information gathered, an application software based on the theoretical model was developed and tested in terms of all stakeholders and workflows. In cases where the objectives of the theoretical model could not be achieved, the model was revised and workflow problems were eliminated. After the successful operation of the application software, concrete results were presented on how this new working model should be managed as a management information system. Suggestions are presented for the superior aspects of the new model, as well as the points that may create vulnerabilities.

The convergence of national constitutional and international humanitarian law – challenges and opportunities for Ukraine

Today, there is a clear need for ratification of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and its implementation into Ukraine's national (domestic) legislation. Regardless of when the ongoing full-scaled Russian aggression against Ukraine finishes, we should have a real possibility (that should be foreseen on the national constitutional level) to apply an effective internationally recognized mechanism and instruments to investigate mass atrocity crimes and ensure respect for humanitarian law, fundamental rights, and human freedoms and punish everyone, who committed them following the rule of law. This article aims to examine the legal (constitutional) background and political narratives regarding the accession of Ukraine to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (signed on January 20, 2000, not ratified till now due to some political tensions and overcome legal (legislative) disparities). We search for strong and weak sides, challenges (threats), and opportunities created by its forthcome ratification.

Postawić kwantową teorię pola z głowy na nogi część 3

Despite the impression that can be gained from most of the standard textbooks, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other wave equations do not constitute the basis of quantum field theory. In this article I attempt to show how it should be formulated properly and discuss some of its aspects which usually are presented unsatisfactorily.The aim of the text is to cause the change in the way quantum field theory is taught.The text is split into three parts. In this part 3 (the last one) I discuss the LSZ prescription which allows to extract S-matrix elements without making the usual, very restrictive assumptions and advantages and weak sides of formulating quantum field theory with the help of path integrals.

О некоторых аспектах применения статьи 428 ГК РФ для регулирования договорных отношений

The article analyzes some problems of using accession agreements (Article 428 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) to regulate relations in the field of entrepreneurship and the features of its application in protecting the interests of business entities. The conclusion is substantiated that in the current realities of market relations, the most effective way to protect the rights of the weak side of a civil law contract is the use of legal mechanisms of competition law, based on Article 10 of the Federal Law No. 135-FZ dated July 26, 2006 “On Protection of Competition”.

A Study on the Battle of Changping

Abstract This article conducts a comprehensive study on the battle of Changping 長平 (260 BCE) between Qin 秦 and Zhao 趙 and challenges some traditional views on it. This article estimates the sizes and losses of the opposing sides and argues that although the number of losses of the Zhao army in this battle looks unreasonably large, it is too subjective to say that the ancient sources exaggerate the numbers because the definition of “soldiers” at that time was different from today. This article concludes that the reasons for Zhao’s defeat are not because of replacing an experienced chief commander with an inexperienced one or shortage in supply but because it was the relatively weaker side and more importantly, its long-term strategic planning and diplomacy were inferior to Qin’s. This article also argues that the influence of this battle is not as significant as claimed by some scholars.

Representations of tenor arias from G. Puccini’s operas (“La boh&amp;#232;me”, “Tosca” and “Turandot”) by masters of Russian and Chinese vocal schools

The article examines the issue of performing interpretations of famous tenor arias from operas by J. Puccini, who are not only firmly established in the repertoire of outstanding singers, but are also an obligatory part of the program of vocal competitions and the educational repertoire of music universities. We analyzed the representation of arias of their operas "Bohemia", "Tosca" and "Turandot") by masters of the Russian (S. Lemeshev, V. Atlantov, P. Melentyev, E. Raikov, M. Mikhailov, V. Galuzin) and Chinese vocal schools (Kang Wang, Yijie Shi, Wei Song, Shi Chu Jang, Deng Chao Hong). This article analyzes performers from different schools and eras, in which the weak and strong sides of interpretations were identified and the features of the part and its performance variants were highlighted by outstanding representatives of the Russian vocal school and young singers from China. The author aims to identify various techniques of the vocal technique of the tenor, using as an example arias from the operas of J. Puccini, as well as the task – to analyze arias performed by outstanding Russian and Chinese artists, paying special attention to interpretation and means of performance, in particular the bel canto technique, using a comparative analysis of interpretations. Masterpieces of world opera are of equal importance for both Russian and Chinese culture, and they are often addressed by directors. The immortal figure of opera mastery for Russia and China is J. Puccini and, in general, the Italian opera school with its unique bel canto style, embodied also in the works of masters Rossini, Verdi, Donizetti. Since Chinese are actively interested in Russian and Italian opera and often perform them, this aspect is seen as relevant in our time, to which many research papers are devoted. In this work, the author aims to identify various techniques of the tenor vocal technique, using as an example arias from the operas of J. Puccini, as well as the task of analyzing arias performed by outstanding Russian and Chinese artists, paying special attention to interpretation and means of performance, in particular the bel canto technique.

How the Magnetization Angle of a Linear Halbach Array Influences Particle Steering in Magnetic Drug Targeting—A Systematic Evaluation and Optimization

The main challenge in magnetic drug targeting lies in steering the magnetic particles, especially in deeper body layers. For this purpose, linear Halbach arrays are currently in focus. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the impact of the magnetization angle between two neighboring magnets in Halbach arrays has not been investigated for particle steering so far. Therefore, in this paper, a systematic numerical parameter study of varying the magnetization angle of linear Halbach arrays is conducted. This is completed by undertaking a typical magnetic drug targeting scenario, where magnetic particles have to be steered in an optimized manner. This includes the calculation of the magnetic flux density, its gradient, the total magnetic energy, and the resulting magnetic force based on a fitting function for the different Halbach constellations in the context of examining their potential for predicting the particle distribution. In general, increased magnetization angles result in an increased effective range of the magnetic force. However, as there is a trade-off between a weak force on the weak side of the array and a simple manufacturing process, a magnetization angle of 90∘ is recommended. For evaluating the steering performance, a numerical or experimental evaluation of the particle distribution is mandatory.

A Two‐Step Entanglement Concentration for the Less‐Entangled Four‐Photon Cluster States

AbstractEntanglement concentration serves as an essential tool to obtain the maximally entangled states from the less‐entangled states in quantum information processing tasks. An efficient two‐step entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) is proposed to concentrate the less‐entangled four‐photon cluster states with four unknown coefficients into the maximally entangled states in this paper. The protocol utilizes parity‐check gate and photon‐polarized controlled‐Z gate, constructed with a single semiconductor quantum dot in a single optical microcavity (quantum dot‐cavity coupled system) and several linear optical elements. The discarded quantum states can be recycled in the next round concentration to achieve a higher success probability. Under conditions of strong coupling and weak side leakage rate, the ECP can tend toward ideal fidelity and efficiency. Compared to the previously proposed ECPs that utilize various auxiliary tools such as additional entangled states and complex quantum logic gates, the ECP significantly simplifies the analysis process and enables efficient implementation. Thus, the ECP is more economical and feasible in future optical systems.

АЛГОРИТМ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ДЛЯ ВИРІШЕННЯ ПИТАНЬ ДЕФІЦИТУ КАДРІВ

The article presents six groups of approaches to addressing the issue of staff shortages, gathered by the authors using own methodology. For practical implementation of these approaches in enterprises, a three-step algorithm has been developed and presented, which should precede the development of a customized strategy for hiring personnel or improving labour productivity. In the first stage, based on the assessment of labour productivity in Ukraine compared to other countries, it is proposed for the enterprises to conduct a self-diagnosis aimed at determining whether a sufficient level of labour productivity has been achieved. Thus, it becomes evident to choose one of three scenarios: quantitative, aimed at attracting additional personnel; qualitative, aimed at radically improving the productivity of existing personnel, processes, and equipment; or a combination of the first two scenarios. The second step proposes conducting a SWOT analysis of the tools selected in the previous step to confirm the feasibility of their further use via comparison of strong and weak sides, available opportunities and existing risks and threats. As an example SWOT analysis of establishing training centres in the sewing industry provided as well as analysis of implementing artificial intelligence tools. In the third step, it is suggested for the enterprises to perform stakeholders mapping to identify key ecosystem players and their roles, distribute the necessary connections and resources for the implementation of the chosen tools. The proposed map includes: the target business, competitors, the broader market, external infrastructure, and external influencers, that will allow enterprises to better understand cooperation mechanisms, optimize resource use, and ensure comprehensive support in the project of implementing tools to overcome the staff shortage issue. The proposed three-step algorithm is an effective foundation for further strategies development and tools selection to solve the problem of workforce shortages or increase productivity, which can significantly enhance the capabilities of Ukrainian enterprises to fulfil orders and develop in the challenging conditions of martial law.

Фрески придела святителя Николая Мирликийского в соборе Рождества Богородицы Ферапонтова монастыря: принципы визуализации житийного цикла

The Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin of the Ferapontov Monastery houses the life of St. Nicholas of Myra, consisting of 12 episodes, the earliest one among Russian murals. The cathedral was painted by the artel of the Muscovite painter Dionisy in 1502. The frescoes of St. Nicholas chapel (actually, a sacristy) with the central image of the Saint, located in the conch of the altar apse, have attracted much attention. Researchers did not fail to notice the expressiveness and psychological characterisation of the face of St. Nicholas in the central image. The combination of the themes of the Theotokos and St. Nicholas in the Ferapontov Cathedral was a manifestation not only of the Byzantine tradition but also of the idea of spe-cial closeness of St. Nicholas to the Mother of God characteristic for the Russian religiosity. The iconographic program of Cathedral’s sanctuary with the image of John the Baptist and the consecration of the sacristy to St. Nicholas, was unusual for the Russian tradition, but echoed mosaic decorations of side apses with a similar dedication in the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin in Daphne (circa 1100). The custom of having a side church in the sacristy was widely spread in Byzantium and was also adopted in Medieval Russia. When examining the frescoes of St. Nicholas chapel, scientists did not pay sufficient attention to the principles of placement and order of scenes running in the space of the apse in two tiers, but not in a chron-ological order. In this regard, a hypothesis was formulated about the influence of the hagiog-raphic icons of St. Nicholas on the spatial composition of the paintings in St. Nicholas chapel. This paper discusses both strong and weak sides of this hypothesis with a purpose to further the study of the problem. When studying the location of the episodes of the cycle, we found that a few scenes were placed relative to each other in a similar manner. In addition, it turned out that the main principle governing the placement of the episodes was the principle of pair-ing. Within the pair, scenes and images were selected in accordance with iconographic simi-larity or a thematic relation. The axis of symmetry of the apse was of crucial importance. The compositions were distributed in the space of the sacristy with visual and semantic balance relative to this axis. The very principle of the spatial design, where thematically related scenes were placed opposite to each other endowed the entire composition with completeness and integrity, being quite different from a linear historical narrative with a more primitive visual conception.

Genre and stylistic markers of Ukrainian folk jokes

This article focuses on the study of Ukrainian social and domestic folk jokes that contain information about the life of people, their habits, customs, traditions, and relations, and ridicule the weak sides of Ukrainians. The research material comprises 311 folk jokes that date back to the second part of the 19th century – the beginning of the 20th century. They are selected from the collection by M.V. Nagornyi (1940) and the book of Ukrainian folk satire and humour (1959). The goal of the research is to study the main genre and stylistic markers of Ukrainian folk jokes. It is noted that Ukrainian folk jokes have a form of dialogue. Ukrainians’ longstanding tradition of self-deprecating humour is also mentioned. The stylistic markers of the texts under consideration are the choice of vocabulary with diminutive suffixes, a wide range of expressive means, and stylistic devices that are a basis for achieving humorous effects. Diminutive suffixes are proved to have acquired specific characteristics in folk jokes giving positive or negative evaluation. Ukrainian social and domestic folk jokes, some of which take the form of joke-stories, are distinguished by precision, witty expression, and concise and dynamically constructed plot. The future research might involve the detailed study of the peculiarities of the Ukrainian social and domestic jokes of the third millennium, focusing on their linguistic and extra-linguistic features.

Eye movement training and gaze analysis for a patient with binocular diplopia after traumatic brain injury: a case report

BackgroundPatients with traumatic brain injury often develop sequelae such as eye movement disorders, including diplopia. Eye movement training is effective in diplopia management. However, few longitudinal follow-up studies have been conducted from the subacute disease stage, owing to the complexity of methods for quantifying diplopia.Case presentationThe patient is a 30-year-old Japanese man who presented with diplopia and underwent eye movement training for approximately 4 weeks. The angle of diplopia, distance of abduction of the eye, gaze analysis, and self-assessment of diplopia using Holmes’ diplopia questionnaire were evaluated. The degree of diplopia increased from 12° to 40° on the right side. The distance of eye abduction increased from 10.4 to 12.8 mm. The self-assessment score improved from 76 to 12 points. Analysis of gaze transition revealed a reduction in the error between the target and gaze.ConclusionEye movement training was successful in ameliorating the symptoms of diplopia in the patient with binocular diplopia. Furthermore, for patients with diplopia symptoms, it was suggested that the oculomotor approach to eye movement training should not only focus on the direction of the diplopia but also on the direction opposite to the diplopia (the weak side).

ETHICS AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION IN UKRAINE: THE CURRENT STATE

The issue of ethics in scientific publications remains both relevant and of paramount importance. The literature has extensively documented misconduct issues, problems in publishing and ethics all around the world. Scimago Journal and Country Rank ranked Ukraine in the 45th position globally, underscoring its significant presence in the global research landscape. Despite the good position, from personal observation in scientific publications in Ukraine, the weak sides are the absence of a clear hypothesis, predatory publication, plagiarism, and incorrect citation. The prevalent tendency in the Ukrainian academic community «to publish for the sake of publication, not to be read or cited» is a concern that should be addressed. This inclination is one of the primary issues contributing to the challenges mentioned above. The academic community in Ukraine must shift its focus toward producing high-quality, impactful research that not only gets published but is also read, cited, and contributes to the advancement of knowledge.

Residential Wind Loss Mitigation Case Study: An Analysis of Insurance Claim Data for Hurricane Michael

This study analyzes insurance claim data from an 11-county area in the Florida Panhandle following the landfall of Hurricane Michael. The data includes 1467 non-mobile home structures, with 902 (61.5%) storm-damaged structures in Bay County. The analysis focuses on Wind Mitigation form 1802. Specifically, building design variables were analyzed via linear regression as to their influence on the percent claim loss. The building design variables included total square footage, dwelling construction type, age of the building, roof type, roof cover type, roof deck attachment type, roof to wall attachment, the presence of secondary water resistance (or sealed roof deck), opening protection type, and roof shape. Results show that building design variables for insurance claims have a high predictive value relative to a Category 5 hurricane event. However, the predictive values of building design variables are also dependent on the dwelling’s proximity to the coast, its location relative to the strong or weak side of the storm, the diameter of the storm, and other wind field variables.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE POTENTIAL IN CIRCULAR ECONOMY CONDITIONS

The purpose of the study is the formation of a modern conceptual approach to the management of anticipatory development of the innovative potential of enterprises in the conditions of transformations. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was made up of the following methods: comparison and systematization - to determine the components of the development of the potential of enterprises in the coordination of the economic interests of the participants; deductions - to highlight individual elements of the circular economy as a prerequisite for the development of innovative potential; analysis and synthesis - to substantiate the scientific approach to determining the strategic directions of development of the potential of enterprises. Modern economic processes determine the need to influence the activities of all business entities, in particular, in terms of strategy and tactics. The problem of planning and forecasting the development of the company's potential is aimed at strengthening existing competitive advantages provided by the circular economy. The article substantiates the need to ensure the systemic nature of the development of the company's potential, which will allow for the activation of adaptation changes processes. Prospective directions for the modernization and renewal of the production and commercial process have been determined as a result of the improvement of organizational support for the development of potential for the implementation of innovation. The components of the development of the company's potential in the conditions of the circular economy are substantiated, which include: the economic interests of the participants, the effectiveness of the activity, measures to improve the components. There is a well-founded need to form and implement measures to update the components of the company's potential in their organic combination, to create the basis for an effective "vision" of the company's own development and opportunities for adequate assessment of the weak and strong sides of the company's potential. Proposed and substantiated strategic directions for the development of the company's potential in the conditions of the circular economy. The obtained research results allow enterprises to use the advantages of the circular economy, improve their activities in competitive market segments and maintain competitive advantages based on the development of their potential, taking into account the economic interests of the participants.