Weak Positive Relationship Research Articles

Relationship of Organizational Justice, Performance Appraisal with Employee Work Performance & Organizational Commitment: Evidence from Microfinance Banks

The main purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship of organizational justice performance appraisal with affective commitment and work performance. Employees of microfinance banks in the Sukkur, Sindh region were recruited for this study because they were thought to have highly developed and transparent appraisal systems and to give a recent setting in which to evaluate the influence of organizational justice conflict. A structured questionnaire was used to investigate the relationship between these variables using correlation analysis. The response of 245 employees was taken with the help of a convenience sampling technique. SPSS-22 was used for analysis. There is a strong positive association between organizational justice and performance appraisal. Moreover, the current study examines that performance appraisal has a weak positive relationship with work performance is low. Similarly, results also confirm that performance appraisal has a positive relationship with affective commitment. The sample size of this study was insufficient to draw firm conclusions. To acquire a more accurate knowledge of the relationship between organizational justice and the performance appraisal system in an organization, future research should be undertaken with a bigger sample size, across other industries and sectors.

Determining the Relationship Between 11th Students' Attitude Towards Mathematics and Their Achievement in Mathematics

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between high school students' attitudes and their mathematics learning achievement. This study uses a survey method. The population in this study includes is grade 11th student at public senior high schools in Pandeglang Regency and Serang City, Indonesia. Sample of this study is 12 schools that determined by stratified proportional random sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire and students' mathematics reports. Analysis of the data used is Spearman rank correlation analysis and chi-square test. The results showed that there was a weak but significant positive relationship between students' attitudes towards mathematics and mathematics learning achievement. This can indicate that there are some students who have high learning achievement in mathematics tend to have attitudes towards mathematics in the medium or low category

The influence of plant residues on soil aggregation and carbon content: A meta‐analysis

AbstractBackgroundSoil aggregation and organic carbon (OC) content are important indicators of soil quality that can be improved with plant residue amendments. The extent of the effects of plant residue amendments on soil aggregation and OC content across different plant residue and soil types is not fully understood.AimIn this meta‐analysis, we evaluated the effects of plant residue amendments on soil aggregation and OC content for different plant residues (fresh, charred) and soil types varying in clay content, initial OC content, and pH.MethodsOur meta‐analysis included 50 published studies (total of 299 paired observations). We estimated the response ratios of mean weight diameter (MWD) and separate aggregate size classes, total soil OC (TSC), and aggregate‐associated OC. We also considered the effect of experimental factors (study duration, residue type, residue amount, initial soil OC, clay content, and pH).ResultsThe benefit of plant residue amendment on soil aggregation was larger in soils with initially low OC content and neutral pH. Initial soil OC content and pH were more important than soil clay content for OC storage in soil aggregates. Both fresh and charred plant residue amendments were effective in forming aggregates, whereas charred residues were more effective in increasing TSC. We found only a weak positive relationship between the response ratio of TSC and MWD indicating that other factors besides soil aggregation contributed to the increase in soil C storage.ConclusionsWhile plant residue amendments can enhance soil aggregation and TSC, these effects are likely governed by the type of plant residue and soil properties such as the initial soil pH and OC content.

Relationship between Positive Living and Social Support among Perpetually Professed Consecrated Women in the Archdiocese of Nairobi, Kenya

Positive living and social support are crucial factors that possibly enhance the wellbeing of perpetually professed consecrated women as they endeavor to serve God and humanity. This research attempted to investigate the relationship between positive living and social support among perpetually professed consecrated women in the Archdiocese of Nairobi, Kenya. The study addressed four objectives; to examine the levels of positive living, to investigate the levels of social support, to examine the relationship between demographic characteristics and positive living, and to establish the relationship between positive living and social support among perpetually professed consecrated women in the Archdiocese of Nairobi, Kenya. The participants were 320 perpetually professed consecrated women. The study used the correlational research design. It used proportionate stratified random sampling technique and simple random sampling technique. Positive Living Scale and Berlin Social Support Scale were used. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Findings revealed that 54.8% (n = 176) of the respondents scored a high level of positive living, 34.6% (n = 110) of the respondents scored a moderate level of positive living, while 10.6% (n = 34) had a low level of positive living. On social support, findings showed 48.4% (n = 151) of the participants had a high level of social support, 44.6% (n = 144) scored a moderate level of social support, while 7% (n = 25) of the participants were at a low level of social support. The study established that there was a weak positive relationship between positive living and social support among perpetually professed consecrated women in the Archdiocese of Nairobi, Kenya (r = .104; P = .042). The study recommended that superiors of religious communities may try to be physically available, and also be ready to listen to their members and be able to understand them in order to enhance good emotional wellbeing that may enhance positive living. The study further recommended that the perpetually professed consecrated women in the Archdiocese of Nairobi Kenya, who were at low and moderate levels of positive living and social support, may be helped in counseling and psychological assessments so as to identify issues that could be responsible for low and moderate levels.

Child Response Styles to Parenting and Mental Health among Adolescents in Embakasi East sub county, Nairobi County, Kenya

Children’s reaction to their parents is likely to have significant impacts on their mental health. Positive reactions to parents are prone to promote feelings of safety, security and trust which are essential for healthy development of a child. On the other hand, negative reactions to parents may tend to stimulate feelings of fear, uncertainty and anxiety which can negatively impact a child’s mental health. Many studies have been carried out on how parents take care of their children. However, not much has been explored on the manner in which children react on the way they are being brought up. It is thus important to explore how children react towards their parents and the effects it has on their mental health. The study was anchored on Bowlby’s attachment theory and employed a quantitative approach, descriptive research design. The sample population was 250 consisting of male, female and others aged 15 – 18 living in Embakasi East sub county, Nairobi County, Kenya. Convenience sampling technique was used to get the final sample from potential participants who were willing and met the requirements needed for participation in the survey. Data was collected using sociodemographic questionnaire, child response style by Egunjobi (2021)to evaluate child response styles to parenting and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) to determine their mental well-being. Data was coded in SPSS and analyzed using descriptive statistics. From the results, it was alluded that adherer was the most child response style (M = 3.56) followed by nonchalant response style (M = 2.53).The falser response style was at (M=2.13) and lastly the rejector response style was low at (M=2.06).The findings revealed that adolescents who are adherers generally have a high mental health (M=3.14)compared to those who have rejector, falser and non-chalant child response styles. The study also showed that there was a weak positive relationship between adherer child response style to parenting and mental wellbeing,[r = .273, n = 250].Additionally, there was also a weak negative relationship between falser child response style to parenting and mental wellbeing,[r = -.326, n = 250].The study therefore concludes that adherer child response style to parenting positively impacts the mental health of an adolescent compared with the rejector, falser and non – chalant child response style. The study recommends incorporating healthy practices in parenting styles that encourages children to be adherers hence minimizing mental health issues among adolescents. The study findings are useful to mental health experts, teachers and parents to understanding mental health of adolescents as a result of child response styles. The findings also draw attention to the gaps in knowledge on child response styles and mental health of adolescents. The study recommends further research child response styles to parenting and other variables.

ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BULLYING AND DROPOUT RATES AMONG PUPILS IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN SABATIA SUBCOUNTY, KENYA

Studies have shown that there is a positive correlation between bullying and school dropout rates. a number of children of school going age are not attending school in Public Primary Schools in Sabatia Sub-County. In all public primary schools, the annual average rate of dropout has been 4.1% and this is an implication that about 4.1 % of students are not able to finish their schooling. Surveys give varying causes of the dropout menace in various parts of Kenya. By the time this study was being born, little effort had been done to establishing the extent to which bullying has contributed to school dropout rates in Vihiga County, The study employed the group dynamic theory and mixed methods approach to determine this relationship. it targeted 31,703 pupils in classes 5 to 8 and a 100 public primary schools in Sabatia Sub-County together with their 87 dropouts of the previous year. To select respondents of the study, multistage sampling technique was used in three stages; simple random sampling of 30 public primary schools in the research area, saturated sampling of all the 3,201 pupils in classes 5 to 8 in the selected schools and convenience sampling of 6 drop-outs. Three instruments were used for data collection; a questionnaire a document guide and a Focus Group Discussion guide validity and reliability was ensured through piloting. Qualitative data was analyzed through frequency counts and quantitative data done using Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient. the Findings revealed that there was a strong positive, moderate positive and weak positive relationship between the observed drop-out rates and physical, verbal and emotional bullying cases respectively. It was concluded that the both physical and verbal bullying significantly contribute to high number of school dropout cases. The study recommended that stakeholders in the education sector should formulate policy that can identify and crack down on all forms of physical and verbal bullying in public primary schools in Sabatia Cub-County.

Relationship between Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Satisfaction in Interpersonal Relationships among Consecrated Religious in Catholic Higher Education Institutions in Lang’ ata Sub-County, Kenya

While the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and satisfaction in interpersonal relationship has been intensively and extensively investigated, literature review suggests that researchers have paid less attention on consecrated religious. As such, the current study sought to investigate the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and satisfaction in interpersonal relationships among consecrated religious in Catholic higher education institutions in Lang’ata Sub-County, Kenya. The study employed a quantitative paradigm to collect data and analyze it. A correlational research design was utilized. Proportionate stratified random sampling method was used to select 329 participants that took part in the study. The study was based on the Big Five Model and the Fundamental Interpersonal Relationship Orientation theory. Data was collected using the Big Five Inventory and the Relationship Assessment Scale and analyzed using both descriptive and correlational analysis. The study found out a weak negative relationship between age and satisfaction in interpersonal relationships (r=-.025, p>0.05). Similarly, there was also weak positive relationship between gender (r=.049,p>0.05), education level (r=.063, p>0.05), stage of religious life (r=.138, p<0.05), duration in religious life (r=.058, p>0.05) and satisfaction in interpersonal relationship. The study concluded that there was no significant relationship between most of the socio-demographic factors and satisfaction in interpersonal relationships. This is because only stage of religious life had a statistically significant relationship (r=.138, p=.019) with satisfaction in interpersonal relationship among the respondents. The study recommended that future researches can adopt qualitative research design approach to explore more of this phenomenon.

Relationship between Gender Roles and Marital Stability among Couples in Selected Counties of Kenya

There is increased evidence of marital conflict, instability, separation and divorce both globally and in Kenya. There is a possibility that this could be attributed to changes in perceptions and performance of gender roles by the partners in a marriage arising from the impact of global influences on family socialization processes. This study sought to explore the relationship between gender roles (perceptions and performances) and marital stability among couples in selected counties in Kenya. The study used a correlational research design and was guided by the Family Systems approach. The target population was 6.83 million couples in Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu counties of Kenya. Multistage sampling that included stratified, convenient and purposive sampling was used to draw a sample of402 couples for the study. Data was collected using researcher developed questionnaires measuring gender roles and marital stability. Feedback from the pilot study was used to strengthen the validity and reliability of the instruments. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse quantitative data. Spearman rank order correlation was used to determine the nature of the relationship between gender roles (perceptions and performance) and marital stability. The findings showed that there was a significant weak positive relationship between gender role perception and marital stability, rs(804) = .393, p< .05.Further, there was a significant moderate positive relationship between gender role performance and marital stability, rs(804) = .414, p<.05.These findings point to the need to incorporate gender role awareness into premarital and marital counselling by family counsellors and therapists as well as in the development of strategies by key stakeholders to strengthen marital stability among couples in Kenya.

Assessing The Relationship Between Spiritual Intelligence and Psychological Distress Among Seminarians of The Catholic Diocese of Aba, Nigeria

Although Spiritual Intelligence enjoys recent recognition in research as a human potential to live a meaningful and fulfilled life even amid uncertainties and distress, no known study has been done among young people especially seminarians in Nigeria. Thus, this study uses the correlational research design to explore the relationship between spiritual intelligence and psychological distress among the seminarians of the Catholic Diocese of Aba, Nigeria. The objectives are to determine the seminarians’ levels of spiritual intelligence, their levels of psychological distress, and the relationship between spiritual intelligence and psychological distress among them. Forty-nine (49) major seminarians from the Catholic Diocese of Aba were recruited using the census method. Data collection was done through questionnaires delivered to each participant on google forms. Two standardised instruments – the Integrated Spiritual Intelligence Scale (ISIS-45) and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) were used to assess the participants’ spiritual intelligence and psychological distress respectively. SPSS (version 26) aided the data analysis. The results showed that the seminarians had an average spiritual intelligence level (n = 49, M = 72.1%, SD = .42) and an average psychological distress level (n = 49, M = 55.8%, SD = 6.46). The Pearson correlation showed a weak positive relationship between spiritual intelligence and psychological distress among the participants. There was no significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and psychological distress among the seminarians of the Catholic Diocese of Aba (r = .066, p = .653). The findings provide an increased understanding of the relationship between spiritual intelligence and psychological distress among the population studied. The study suggests the need for more investigation into the value of spiritual intelligence and the necessity of its improvement for seminarians as young people and as future leaders who will need to have the necessary resources to guide others in their wellbeing in a distressed country like Nigeria.

Integrating carbon stocks and landscape connectivity for nature-based climate solutions.

Actions to protect against biodiversity loss and climate change will require a framework that addresses synergies between these interrelated issues. In this study, we present methods for identifying areas important for the implementation of nature-based climate solutions and biodiversity conservation by intersecting high-resolution spatial data for carbon storage and landscape connectivity. We explored the spatial congruence of carbon and connectivity in Ontario, Canada and examined effectiveness of current protected areas coverage. We found a weak positive relationship between carbon stocks and landscape connectivity; however, our maps revealed large hotspots, with high values of both indices, throughout the boreal forest and northern peatlands and smaller, isolated hotspots, in the settled landscapes of the south. Location of hotspots varied depending on whether we considered forest or soil carbon. Further, our results show that current protected and conserved areas in Ontario only cover 13% of landscapes with the highest values for both carbon storage and connectivity. Protection or restoration of areas that maximize the co-benefits of carbon storage and connectivity would make significant contributions toward ambitious national targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and conserve biodiversity.

Complex ligand adsorption on 3D atomic surfaces of synthesized nanoparticles investigated by machine-learning accelerated ab initio calculation.

Nanoparticle surfaces are passivated by surface-bound ligands, and their adsorption on synthesized nanoparticles is complicated because of the intricate and low-symmetry surface structures. Thus, it is challenging to precisely investigate ligand adsorption on synthesized nanoparticles. Here, we applied machine-learning-accelerated ab initio calculation to experimentally resolved 3D atomic structures of Pt nanoparticles to analyze the complex adsorption behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) ligands on synthesized nanoparticles. Different angular configurations of large-sized ligands are thoroughly investigated to understand the adsorption behavior on various surface-exposed atoms with intrinsic low-symmetry. It is revealed that the ligand binding energy (Eads) of the large-sized ligand shows a weak positive relationship with the generalized coordination number . This is because the strong positive relationship of short-range direct bonding (Ebind) is attenuated by the negative relationship of long-range van der Waals interaction (EvdW). In addition, it is demonstrated that the PVP ligands prefer to adsorb where the long-range vdW interaction with the surrounding surface structure is maximized. Our results highlight the significant contribution of vdW interactions and the importance of the local geometry of surface atoms to the adsorption behavior of large-sized ligands on synthesized nanoparticle surfaces.

2019 Southeast Asia Transboundary Haze and its Influence on Particulate Matter Variations: A Case Study in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah

<abstract><p>In 2019, Malaysia faced a deterioration of air quality due to transboundary haze, which brought negative implications, especially for public health. In light of the above scenario, continuous particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>1</sub>) and meteorological parameters amid the haze period were taken to unravel the influence of haze on particulate matter variations and to investigate the association between particulate matter concentrations with meteorological parameters and fire hotspots in Kota Kinabalu, where it is rarely studied. Particulate matter and the meteorological parameters were monitored during the haze season, continuously from 21 August–30 September 2019, using AirMate, a ground-based air monitoring equipment. Air mass backward trajectories were simulated using the HYSPLIT Model, and fire hotspot data was obtained from the Greenpeace Global Fire Dashboard. The results showed increasing particulate matter concentrations during the haze period, with PM<sub>2.5</sub> exceeding the New Ambient Air Quality Standards (2020) on multiple days. For meteorological parameters, all parameters showed a significant weak positive relationship with respective particulate matter. However, the correlation between particulate matter and fire hotspots in Indonesia showed a moderate positive relationship. The backward trajectories simulated indicated the influence of south-westerly winds in transporting the pollutants from fire hotspots in the Indonesia region. Thus, we provide beneficial information about the impacted area during the 2019 transboundary haze episode, where the interactions between the particulate matter variations and the parameters studied were unraveled.</p></abstract>

Relationship between Gender Roles and Marital Stability among Couples in Selected Counties of Kenya

There is increased evidence of marital conflict, instability, separation and divorce both globally and in Kenya. There is a possibility that this could be attributed to changes in perceptions and performance of gender roles by the partners in a marriage arising from the impact of global influences on family socialization processes. This study sought to explore the relationship between gender roles (perceptions and performances) and marital stability among couples in selected counties in Kenya. The study used a correlational research design and was guided by the Family Systems approach. The target population was 6.83 million couples in Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu counties of Kenya. Multistage sampling that included stratified, convenient and purposive sampling was used to draw a sample of 402 couples for the study. Data was collected using researcher developed questionnaires measuring gender roles and marital stability. Feedback from the pilot study was used to strengthen the validity and reliability of the instruments. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse quantitative data. Spearman rank order correlation was used to determine the nature of the relationship between gender roles (perceptions and performance) and marital stability. The findings showed that there was a significant weak positive relationship between gender role perception and marital stability, rs(804) = .393, p < .05.Further, there was a significant moderate positive relationship between gender role performance and marital stability, rs(804) = .414, p<.05.These findings point to the need to incorporate gender role awareness into premarital and marital counselling by family counsellors and therapists as well as in the development of strategies by key stakeholders to strengthen marital stability among couples in Kenya.

Variation of annual indoor and outdoor gamma dose rate in the lower Himalayan region of Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir, India

The exposure from natural sources of radiation imparts a major contribution to doses, both due to external and internal exposures that would be received by members of public, and its levels rely upon the lithology, altitude, and building construction materials. The measurement results of ambient indoor and outdoor radiation levels at 28 locations (villages) of Reasi district, Jammu and Kashmir, India, are presented. The ambient radiation levels were measured utilizing a portable gamma survey meter. For the outdoor environment, the minimum and maximum gamma dose rates were 0.09 and 0.29 μSv/h, whereas, at indoors, the minimum and maximum gamma dose rates were 0.08 and 0.22 μSv/h, respectively. Impact of elevation (height above sea level) on radiation levels has been investigated, and it revealed a weak positive relationship with altitude. Effects of lithology on indoor and outdoor gamma dose rates have likewise been investigated. The average annual effective dose value due to ambient radiation levels was well within the world average values.

Investigation of the Relationship Between Narcissism Tendencies and Eating Disorders in Elite Athletes

The increase in eating disorders in the athlete population is remarkable. Disorders concerning eating impulse, bodyweight obsession, negative thoughts about body shape, and accompanying affective disorders are psychological disorders in which eating behavior is seriously affected. A narcissistic personality disorder is defined as a continuous pattern that includes a superiority complex, inability to empathize, and the need to be approved. Some narcissistic characteristics such as a desire for unlimited power, success, beauty, and approval may be related to the eating habits of athletes. This study was to examine the relationship between the tendency of narcissism and eating disorders in elite athletes. Participants of the study were 223 elite athletes (99 men, 124 women) from different sports branches aged between 18-36 years old. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16 and the Eating Attitude Test were used as data collection tools. Spearman Correlation Analysis and Mann- Whitney U Test were used in the analysis of the data. A very weak positive relationship was found between eating disorder scores and narcissism scores (p<0.05). A very weak positive correlation was found between the exhibitionism sub-dimension and eating disorders tendency (p<0.01). There is a very weak positive relationship between narcissism tendency and eating disorder tendency variables and also between exhibitionism and eating disorders tendency. Therefore, athletes should be informed about nutrition for their performance by following interdisciplinary approaches.

Knowledge and Compliance Regarding Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infections (CLABSIs) Prevention Among Public and Private Hospital Intensive Care Unit Nurses

CLABSIs are some of the utmost fatal hospital-acquired infections. CLABSIs cost up to $45,000 per infection around the world. CDC reported that in U.S. hospitals around 41,000 preventable CLABSIs occur every year, so the magnitude of the problem could be worse in Pakistan where there are still gaps in documenting the hospital data. Objective: To identify the nurses' knowledge and compliance and their association regarding prevention of CLABSI in public and private sector hospitals of Peshawar. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out among 140 Nurses working in Intensive Care Units of (LRH & RMI) who had at least one year of experience. Enumerative or census sampling method was used to take the entire eligible ICU nurses as a sample. Data was collected through a validated and pre pilot tested questionnaire and checklist. Results: Around 30% of the nurses had poor knowledge, 43.6% had an average knowledge, 22.1% good knowledge and only 3.6% had an excellent knowledge regarding CLABSIs. The compliance level was found as 83.6%. Very weak positive association was found between knowledge and compliance level of nurses regarding CLABSIs on Pearson Correlation test (r). Conclusions: The results of this study concluded that nurses were not well equipped with the knowledge regarding CLABSIs, while there was a weak positive relationship between knowledge and compliance level among nurses. Therefore, the findings suggest that nurses need to be updated with standard guidelines and training to prevent CLABSIs.

The effect of fluids flushed in pediatric cardiac catheterization procedures on lung ultrasound score

ABSTRACT Background Intravascular catheters used during cardiac catheterization require frequent flushing with heparinized solutions. Fluid overload is more common in pediatric patients with congenital heart diseases. This study aimed to determine the safe volume of fluids that can be used without congestion using the lung ultrasound score. Methodology A total of 42 patients aged from 1 month to 6 years undergoing diagnostic cardiac procedures were included in this study. The total volume of infused fluids, the volume of fluids used for flushing intravascular sheaths and catheters, the lung ultrasound score, and PaCO2 and PaO2 /FiO2 ratio were documented. Results There was a very strong positive relationship between the total fluid volume infused in ml/kg and the difference in the lung ultrasound score before and after fluid infusion (r = 0.841, P < 0.001). There was a very weak positive relationship between the total fluid volume infused in ml/kg and the difference in PaCO2 before and after fluid infusion (r = 0.217, P = 0.167). There was a weak negative relationship between the total fluid volume infused in ml/kg and the change in the PaO2 /FiO2 ratio (r = −0.21, P = 0.182). Conclusion A fluid flush volume of >11.3 ml/kg has a high probability of inducing volume load in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. A flushing volume of 3.478 ml/kg affects the lung ultrasound score. Hence, we recommend reducing the volume of intravenous fluids if higher volumes are required for flushing.

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES OF FOOD WASTE MANAGEMENT AMONG FOODSERVICE OPERATORS IN PETALING JAYA UTARA (PJU) 9 AND 10, SELANGOR

Malaysia generated about 17,000 tonnes of food waste daily in 2021 and 24% of this waste was still edible. Wasting food is not only just an economic or humanitarian concern but it also affects the environment and can increase carbon footprint and biodiversity losses. Although many food waste campaigns have been launched in Malaysia recently, there is still a gap of adequate knowledge and practices as well as the right attitude in local communities especially among foodservice workers, towards food waste prevention. Therefore, the level of knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) on food waste among foodservice operators were assessed in this study to identify the factors that contribute to food waste generation among foodservice operators so that effective corrective methods could be developed to address this problem. A self-administered questionnaire surveying 136 respondents of foodservice operators in PJU 9 and 10, Petaling Jaya, Selangor using convenience sampling were conducted. The results showed that the respondents had a good level of knowledge (86%) while attitudes were at a moderate level (76.5%) and practices of food handling were identified to be at a low level (48.5%). The evaluation of the relationship between the three elements of KAP on the generation of food waste revealed that there was a weak positive relationship between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.26, p &lt; 0.05) as well as between knowledge and practices (r = 0.21, p &lt; 0.05). However, a weak negative relationship (r = - 0.22, p = 0.01) was noted in the relationship between attitude and food handling practices. These results indicate that high knowledge of food waste generation as a factor may not help change the attitude patterns and practices of foodservice operators in food waste mitigation. In this regard, positive and negative reinforcements may be one of the best approaches for sustainable food waste management among foodservice operators, for example, offering incentives to those who produce less food waste and levying a penalty to those who produce more may act as a deterrent.

중국과 일대일로 연선국가 간 주가수익률 전이효과 분석

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spillover effect of stock returns between China and 10 countries along the One Belt One Road. To this end, the spillover index suggested by Diebold &amp; Yilmaz (2012) was used. Summarizing the results of the empirical analysis, first, 60% of the variance in forecasting errors in stock returns in China was explained by self-impact. Among the countries along the line, the share explained by the budget error variance of stock returns in Russia, Singapore, and Indonesia was found to be 3.6%, 8.6%, and 5.5%, respectively. Second, the total spillover index was 57.7, which means that 57.7% of the prediction error variance of stock returns in one country can be explained by the impact of stock returns in other countries. Third, according to the results of the total spillover effect time variability analysis using rolling sample analysis, the total spillover index and the Chinese SSEC index had a weak positive (+) relationship before the One Belt One Road implementation (2013). After implementation, it was found to have an average negative (-) relationship. This shows that inter-regional connections or ripple effects have been strengthened since the implementation of the One Belt One Road and the synchrony between the Chinese market and other markets is deepening.

Emotional Dysregulation among Young Adults: Relationship with Childhood Emotional Abuse

The aim of the present research was to explore the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and emotion dysregulation amongst young adults. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant relationship between childhood emotional abuse and emotion dysregulation. A sample of 253 participants aged 18 to 35 were approached through an online medium utilizing convenience sampling technique. Childhood emotional abuse was measured using Comprehensive Child Maltreatment Scale (Higgins &amp; McCabe, 2001) and emotion dysregulation was measured by using the Difficulties in Emotional Dysregulation Scale by Victor and Klonsky (2016). The findings of these self-reported scales revealed a significant weak positive relationship between childhood emotional abuse and emotion dysregulation. Moreover, there were also significant differences in emotion regulation based on birth order and marital status. The results of current research can acquaint people about the disturbances of childhood emotional abuse into adulthood. Future researches must try to ascertain mechanisms with which emotional abuse might cause emotion dysregulation.