SummaryThe Kirkuk Plain has undergone partial salinization, followed by weak leaching. The areas irrigated in the past are the worst affected. Quality and quantity of irrigation water are most important factors in controlling the degree of salinization, while minor factors include deep gullies and the presence of a gypsum bed near the surface. The salts originate from the Fars Beds and the gypseous alluvium. Saline soils were encountered in areas with water tables much deeper than 2 m.
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