Weak Guidance Research Articles

Deep graph clustering by integrating community structure with neighborhood information

Deep graph clustering approaches employ deep graph neural networks to encode node embeddings and subsequently partition nodes based on these representations. Recent one-step methods have demonstrated progress; however, they often encounter issues during the representation learning phase. A primary challenge is that the encoding networks fail to capture the high-order structural information of the graph for effective clustering. We believe that combining the two distributions comprehensively characterizes the real node distribution in terms of neighborhood proximity and community aggregation to achieve better clustering. Additionally, the prevalent representation learning paradigms based on adjacency matrix reconstruction are computationally intensive and increase optimization challenges. This paper presents a novel deep graph clustering model, termed Deep Integration of Community structure and Neighborhood information (DICN). The model incorporates a graph self-attention mechanism to aggregate neighborhood-level node information, and utilizes a probabilistic generative model for edge community detection to captain community-level node information. These two-level embeddings are employed to compute explicit node membership distributions for the clustering loss. This ensures that the clustering objective effectively integrates both low-order and high-order node characteristics. The comprehensive learning process of DICN optimizes not only the node embeddings but also the clustering results by integrating the two-level losses from representation learning and the clustering loss with a weak guidance loss for clustering. Experiments on some benchmark datasets illustrate that DICN model has superior performance over existing state-of-the-art methods.

Efficient multimode vectorial nonlinear propagation solver beyond the weak guidance approximation

In this paper, we present an efficient numerical model able to solve the vectorial nonlinear pulse propagation equation in circularly symmetric multimode waveguides. The algorithm takes advantage of the conservation of total angular momentum of light upon propagation and takes into account the vectorial nature of the propagating modes, making it particularly relevant for studies in ring-core fibers. While conventional propagation solvers exhibit a computational complexity scaling as Nmode4, where Nmode is the number of considered modes, the present solver scales as Nmode3/2. As a first example, it is shown that orbital angular momentum modulation instability processes take place in ring-core fibers in realistic conditions. Finally, it is predicted that the modulation instability process is followed by the appearance of breather-like angular structures.

PaintHuman: Towards High-Fidelity Text-to-3D Human Texturing via Denoised Score Distillation

Recent advances in zero-shot text-to-3D human generation, which employ the human model prior (e.g., SMPL) or Score Distillation Sampling (SDS) with pre-trained text-to-image diffusion models, have been groundbreaking. However, SDS may provide inaccurate gradient directions under the weak diffusion guidance, as it tends to produce over-smoothed results and generate body textures that are inconsistent with the detailed mesh geometry. Therefore, directly leveraging existing strategies for high-fidelity text-to-3D human texturing is challenging. In this work, we propose a model called PaintHuman to addresses the challenges from two perspectives. We first propose a novel score function, Denoised Score Distillation (DSD), which directly modifies the SDS by introducing negative gradient components to iteratively correct the gradient direction and generate high-quality textures. In addition, we use the depth map as a geometric guide to ensure that the texture is semantically aligned to human mesh surfaces. To guarantee the quality of rendered results, we employ geometry-aware networks to predict surface materials and render realistic human textures. Extensive experiments, benchmarked against state-of-the-art (SoTA) methods, validate the efficacy of our approach.Project page: https://painthuman.github.io/.

Specifying and Contextualising Predictive Theories of Democratic Policy Representation

This article complements Wlezien’s review of ‘conceptualisation, measurement and interpretation in representational research’ by considering how these operate within five predictive theories validated against comparative evidence, as recommended for cumulative research by Taagepera: and related to their wider institutional and methodological context by Budge. Methodologically, the article illustrates how predictive theories can be set up to explain political processes and validated against statistical evidence. Substantively, the theories both highlight and resolve the ‘Paradox of democracy’ – how can ideologically based political parties effectively match public policy to popular preferences with only weak guidance from citizens?

Permanent Magnet Electrodynamic Suspension System Integrated With a Car: Design, Implementation, and Test

In this paper, a permanent magnet electrodynamic suspension (PMEDS) system integrated with a car has been developed by our group, along with a 100-m-long test track made of copper. The entire vehicle weighs 2.8 ton and is freely suspended in air over 35 mm without a lateral constraint on guideway. The car uses its own wheels and engine to provide a take-off speed for the PMEDS system, eliminating the excessive costs of the motor, with a maximum speed of 70 km/h. Firstly, a new topology structure equipped with the damping magnets is presented. Afterward, the onboard magnets and guideway are designed via the simulation method verified by the high-speed rotary experiment platform with a diameter of 2500 mm, clarifying the mapping between the electromagnetic forces and structure parameters. The suspension frame and gap adjustment mechanism are developed, and a complete test system is built to monitor the levitation gap, accelerations and deflection angle. Lastly, the integrated PMEDS system is implemented and tested. In-house experiment and line test results not only reveal that the PMEDS has a significant weak guidance capability, but also confirm the effectiveness of the proposed damping magnets. Through the damping magnets, the maximum lateral deflection is limited to less than 11°. The tested levitation-drag-ratio is in general agreement with the simulation results. The great suspension capacity of the PMEDS system can be visually demonstrated. This paper conducts the free suspension test of the PMEDS system for the first time in China, which can open up prospects for further engineering applications.

A route planning for oil sample transportation based on improved A* algorithm

The traditional A* algorithm suffers from issues such as sharp turning points in the path, weak directional guidance during the search, and a large number of computed nodes. To address these problems, a modified approach called the Directional Search A* algorithm along with a path smoothing technique has been proposed. Firstly, the Directional Search A* algorithm introduces an angle constraint condition through the evaluation function. By converting sharp turns into obtuse angles, the path turning points become smoother. This approach reduces the occurrence of sharp turns in the path, resulting in improved path smoothness. Secondly, the algorithm enhances the distance function to strengthen the directional guidance during the path search. By optimizing the distance function, the algorithm tends to prefer directions that lead towards the target, which helps reduce the search space and shorten the overall path planning time. Additionally, the algorithm removes redundant nodes along the path, resulting in a more concise path representation. Lastly, the algorithm proposes an improved step size adjustment method to optimize the number of path nodes obtained. By appropriately adjusting the step size, the algorithm further reduces the number of nodes, leading to improved path planning efficiency. By applying these methods together, the Directional Search A* algorithm effectively addresses the limitations of the traditional A* algorithm and produces smoother and more efficient path planning results. Simulation experiments comparing the modified A* algorithm with the traditional A* algorithm were conducted using MATLAB. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved A* algorithm can generate shorter paths, with reduced planning time and smoother trajectories. This indicates that the Directional Search A* algorithm, incorporating the angle constraint condition in the evaluation function and the direction-guided strategy, outperforms the traditional A* algorithm in path planning and provides better solutions to the existing issues.

COVID-19 in Workplace Settings: Lessons Learned for Occupational Medicine in the UK.

This paper addresses lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic from a UK Occupational Medicine perspective to permit comparison with other national accounts. In spite of good prior research and statute, the necessary resources to protect workers' health were seriously lacking when the pandemic struck. Weak public health guidance, which did not recognise dominant airborne transmission, was applied to workplaces, leaving workers and others unprotected, especially in respect to Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE). The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) as regulator was lacking, for example, in not producing guidance to protect HealthCare Workers (HCW) who were amongst the most at risk. The UK COVID-19 Public Inquiry should address shortcomings such as these, but recommendations must be accompanied by robust means to ensure appropriate implementation. These should range from substantial measures to improve indoor air quality, to a permanent pandemic management organization with adequate resources. The enforcing authority has to be obliged to publish more specific workplace guidance than the public health authorities. Occupational medicine as a discipline needs to be better prepared, and hence to assert its responsibility towards high standards of workers' health protection. Future research has to include investigating the best means of mitigation against airborne infection and the management of post-acute covid sequelae.

SADFusion: A multi-scale infrared and visible image fusion method based on salient-aware and domain-specific

Image fusion intends to generate an informative image with maximally possible features and details of the source images. However, the existing deep-learning fusion methods are rarely considering the discrepancy of visible and infrared (IVIF) modalities, besides losing control of balance in preserving the texture details and thermal target, owing to the identical structure and parameters of multi-modality feature extractors’ designing and weak domain guidance of network training. In this paper, a novel multi-scale fusion network based on the salient-aware and domain-specific methods is proposed, termed as SADFusion. To boost the multi-modality feature extracting performance of our method, the proposed network adopts dual encoding with short connection and multi-scale structure. Moreover, the domain-specific framework and corresponding training strategy are designed to achieve the identical encoding for different image modalities. Moreover, multi-scale attention fusion modules (MSFAF modules) are proposed to effectively fuse the extracted complementary features at every scale. Finally, we construct the specific salient-aware loss to guide the model to trade off the preserving necessary information, by utilizing salient modality features as pixel-to-pixel intensity and gradient maps. Experiments based on the public datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method over the state-of-art fusion methods, which particularly highlights the targets and retains the effective information.

The Quality of School-Based Practices in Enhancing Secondary School Students’ National Examination Achievement in Ethiopia

This research dealt with identifying the predictive quality of secondary school students’ classroom achievement on national examination results. A correlation survey design with a concurrent mixed approach to data was used. Data were obtained from existing school archives through careful identification of subjects where the 25 top achievers in each one of the four sampled schools were considered (n=100). Moreover, references were made to key-informant principals (n=2), officers (n=2) and secondary school teachers (n=40) for complementary purposes. The findings revealed that students’ school-based achievements were strong predictors of the national examination results in some schools (r2=.82) whereas they were weak predictors in others (r2 =.29). In that, there was a significant difference between public and private schools on the level of prediction. There was also a significant difference in the level of prediction among private schools themselves. Findings showed a shortage in classroom arrangements and facilities, weak experiential exchanges and guidance services, and a shortage in identifying model skills among teachers and students to have been the bottleneck issues in enhancing the quality of school-based preparation for the national examination.

Theory of Change and Theory of Education: Pedagogic and Curriculum Defects in Early Grade Reading Interventions in South Africa

Much of the field of educational change has focused on better understanding the theory of change, that is, what knowledge is needed to make substantial educational change, particularly improvement to learning outcomes at scale. This article suggests that the South African early grade reading study community may have been looking in the wrong place. The search for the optimal theory of change or theory of action is obviously very important, but could it not be that a key part of the problem is defects in our theory of education? It is argued that there may be something educationally unsound in certain aspects of the official pedagogy and curriculum. As such, the South African education system is unlikely to make much progress towards the goal of getting children to read for meaning by the time they are 10 years old if these defects are not addressed. To illustrate this argument, the article points to data from two examples in South African education policies on pedagogy and curriculum: the first relates to the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) Foundation Phase document’s under-specification and weak guidance with reference to the teaching of phonics with linked decodable texts; the second concerns the CAPS document’s privileging of an unworkable reading teaching methodology called Group Guided Reading. The article concludes that to achieve real knowledge breakthroughs, university academics working alongside researchers in government need to develop rigorous research programmes aimed at improving foundational learning outcomes.

CHARACTER EDUCATION FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD: TO PREVENT JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF GADGET USE IN INDONESIA

The rise of juvenile delinquency, klitih, and good pornography circulating on social media, television broadcasts, news reports. This is because children and adolescents to adults lack character education and assistance (guidance) from the closest people and parents. The purpose of this study is to describe early childhood or those seen from the point of view of character education in Islamic education. As an anticipation of the negative impacts of gadgets, handponds, and gedged. This research is based on literature review. This type of research uses a literature review. Data is generated or obtained through literature data, books, journals, and online news exposures. Data collection techniques come from primary data, secondary data, and reference sources from books and journals that are relevant to the research theme. The data analysis technique uses content analysis of the contents of the literature research. The results of the study found that there were elements and motives for juvenile delinquency, children could not be directed and managed by their parents, it was difficult for their teachers and parents to regulate and guide them. There is content that is not useful, as well as sites that are not good. This is due to the low and weak character education and guidance of Islamic education for children. The importance of being selective and smart in social media. The implications of this research are character building and guidance in the perspective of Islamic education.

Trigger events and change agents: how non-profit boards improve their governance

Despite active research on the performance of boards of directors, very little scholarship exists on how they intentionally recognise and act on the need for governance change. This gap has resulted in weak conceptual guidance for researchers and practitioners alike who are interested in change management. This article employs a multiple case study phenomenological analysis of member-serving organisations based in the United States that achieved substantive change at the board level, sometimes reshaping their boards and cultures in profound ways. Focused on the catalysts, agents and processes of governance change, the findings generally support the prevailing contingency theory perspective by describing patterns of change, stakeholder behaviour and goals that varied considerably from case to case. A change management lens is weakly supported in finding limited patterns in how leaders made change happen. A discussion follows of other potential conceptual lenses that may help explain successful strategic change management in non-profit boards.

Recurrent Structure Attention Guidance for Depth Super-resolution

Image guidance is an effective strategy for depth super-resolution. Generally, most existing methods employ hand-crafted operators to decompose the high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) ingredients from low-resolution depth maps and guide the HF ingredients by directly concatenating them with image features. However, the hand-designed operators usually cause inferior HF maps (e.g., distorted or structurally missing) due to the diverse appearance of complex depth maps. Moreover, the direct concatenation often results in weak guidance because not all image features have a positive effect on the HF maps. In this paper, we develop a recurrent structure attention guided (RSAG) framework, consisting of two important parts. First, we introduce a deep contrastive network with multi-scale filters for adaptive frequency-domain separation, which adopts contrastive networks from large filters to small ones to calculate the pixel contrasts for adaptive high-quality HF predictions. Second, instead of the coarse concatenation guidance, we propose a recurrent structure attention block, which iteratively utilizes the latest depth estimation and the image features to jointly select clear patterns and boundaries, aiming at providing refined guidance for accurate depth recovery. In addition, we fuse the features of HF maps to enhance the edge structures in the decomposed LF maps. Extensive experiments show that our approach obtains superior performance compared with state-of-the-art depth super-resolution methods. Our code is available at: https://github.com/Yuanjiayii/DSR-RSAG.

Theoretical analysis of mode evolution in a tapered double clad fiber based on the coupled local mode theory

Mode characteristics of a tapered double clad fiber should be analyzed based on three-layer waveguide model, so it is more complicated than that of a single clad fiber. In this paper, a method based on coupled local mode theory is introduced to calculate the mode evolution process in a tapered double clad fiber. Mode field characteristics of double clad fiber are calculated analytically with weak guidance approximation, and the expression of mode coupling coefficient is derived. Based on this, the local mode characteristics and mode coupling characteristics in a tapered double clad fiber are analyzed. The mode evolution characteristics of tapered double clad fibers with different parameters are simulated. As an example, the structure optimization process of a tapered double clad fiber is introduced. High efficiency coupling with a six-mode single clad fiber is realized, and the theoretical transmission loss is less than 0.3 dB.

A multi-strategy contrastive learning framework for weakly supervised semantic segmentation

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) has gained significant popularity as it relies only on weak labels such as image level annotations rather than the pixel level annotations required by supervised semantic segmentation (SSS) methods. Despite drastically reduced annotation costs, typical feature representations learned from WSSS are only representative of some salient parts of objects and less reliable compared to SSS due to the weak guidance during training. In this paper, we propose a novel Multi-Strategy Contrastive Learning (MuSCLe) framework to obtain enhanced feature representations and improve WSSS performance by exploiting similarity and dissimilarity of contrastive sample pairs at image, region, pixel and object boundary levels. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method and show that MuSCLe outperforms current state-of-the-art methods on the widely used PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset.

RGB-D mutual guidance for semi-supervised defocus blur detection

Defocus blur detection (DBD) aims to detect and locate defocus features in visual scenes. While available fully supervised DBD methods improve detection accuracy, they rely on large-scale handcrafted pixel-level labels and single-mode images, which makes them expensive and error-prone. In this work, we explore the use of depth information in a semi-supervised DBD method for the first time. Different from previous approaches, we generate a pair of reversible defocused homogeneous regions in weakly supervised mutual guidance networks (MGMs) to provide weak semantic guidance for this task. In a strongly supervised mutual attention network, depth information and RGB features are used to learn the defocus blur homogeneous region from the ground truth (GT). Meanwhile, depth information is extracted using a depth estimation network to guide the defocus location and provide a strong prior for the weakly supervised part. The experimental results show that our network outperform the available fully supervised methods in DBD, and provides new inspiration for research on semi-supervised robust and RGB-D multi-modal DBD.

Adapting, adopting, and advancing change: A framework for future research in the psychology of occupational safety

Introduction: While there are numerous reviews of the research on the psychology of occupational safety, these studies provide weak guidance on where the research should go next. Accordingly, we introduce a simple framework for thinking about future research in this area: the adapting, adopting, and advancing change framework. This framework summarizes how external, technological, and theoretical developments have driven research in the psychology of occupational safety and uses these observations as evidence to imagine ways in which they may continue to do so. Method: We critically reviewed seminal research in the psychology of occupational safety using the adapting, adopting, and advancing change framework. Adapting to change means considering external changes such as the fluctuating nature of work and the labor market. Adopting change refers to incorporating the latest technological and technical advances to facilitate more robust research methods and analyses. Finally, advancing change refers to theoretical advances and how they will push psychology of occupational safety research forward. Results: We highlight several avenues for future research that emerge at the convergence of the framework’s three themes, including developing the safety skill construct, assessing variation in demand appraisals on safety outcomes, distinguishing safety climate from related constructs, and examining safety constructs that are usually considered as outcomes (e.g., injuries) as predictors instead. Conclusions: In doing so, we provide a clear structure to help researchers better identify the most effective directions for future research on the psychology of occupational safety.

Reading men’s experiences of balancing work and family life through the lens of semiotic cultural approach to life-course transitions

Becoming a parent is one of the most important transitional experiences in adulthood that has significant implications for new parents’ mental and physical health and psychosocial development. A growing body of research examines how men transition to fatherhood and balance their work and family obligations in complex contemporary societies. However, this phenomenological evidence remains under-theorised from the life-course development perspective. In this paper, a semiotic cultural approach to life-course transitions is used to explore how a sample of educated and employed Australian men in heterosexual relationships experienced and made sense of their fatherhood and work and family conflicts. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 20 fathers highlights how these fathers attempt to navigate between multiple, ambiguous and sometimes contradictory societal expectations about fatherhood, while also struggling to balance their desires to be a ‘good father’ with their wives and partners’ attempts to be a ‘good mother’, thus evidencing the weak cultural guidance of transition to fatherhood. The analysis shifts the focus away from developmental outcomes and moves towards understanding the semiotic processes through which development occurs in the complex intertwinement between person and their environment. The discussion of men’s dilemmas about fatherhood also underscores the future orientation of human development and highlights how persons are actively and intentionally involved in this movement towards an unpredictable but imagined future.

MODAL DISPERSION CURVES OF A METAL COATED OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE WITH TREFOIL CROSS-SECTION UNDER WEAK GUIDANCE APPROXIMATION

In this paper the author investigated a special type of core cross-section bounded by metallic boundary. In this structure three cores embedded in a common metallic boundary. Characteristic equation in derived for the guided modes under weak guidance approximation by choosing an appropriate coordinate system. This study in done by using analytical method. From the characteristic equation, dispersion curves are obtained and interpreted.

THE PRACTICE AND AWARENESS OF GENDER RESPONSIVE INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES DURING COLLEGE OF EDUCATION CHEMISTRY LESSONS - A CASE STUDY

This study examined the awareness level of chemistry tutors on gender responsive instructional approaches, and the extent to which the tutors apply gender responsive teaching practices in chemistry lessons at St. Ambrose College of Education in Ghana. A case study design was adopted for this study. Non-probability sampling techniques were used for the study. Specifically, the quota sampling and the purposive sampling procedure were adopted for the study. Purposive sampling procedure was used to select two chemistry tutors and a vice principal of the college. The student population was 72. Quota sampling was used to select 20 % of 38 females and 20 % of 34 males for the study. The sample for the study was 18. An interview guide and structured observation checklists were the main instruments used for the data collection. To determine the reliability of the interview questions and observation guide for both students and tutors, pilot test was conducted at Foso College of Education. Manual analysis was used to analyse the data. Thematic analysis was used for the analysis. The findings from the study revealed that chemistry tutors have adequate knowledge in gender instructional approaches because of regular professional development sessions. The vice principal, chemistry tutors and students identified the lack of chemistry laboratory, unsuitable classroom set up and desks and the weak guidance and counselling unit as the major hindrances to effective implementation of gender responsive instructional approaches during chemistry lessons. It was recommended that ergonometric desk, guidance and counselling unit, adequate teaching learning resources and chemistry laboratories should be provided to enhance effective implementation of gender pedagogy during chemistry lessons.
 
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