Weak Ferromagnetism Research Articles

Structural, Optical, Magnetic and Electrochemical Properties of CeXO2 (X: Fe, and Mn) Nanoparticles

CeXO2 (X: Fe, Mn) nanoparticles, synthesized using the coprecipitation route, were investigated for their structural, morphological, magnetic, and electrochemical properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), dc magnetization, and cyclic voltammetry methods. The single-phase formation of CeO2 nanoparticles with FCC fluorite structure was confirmed by the Rietveld refinement, indicating the successful incorporation of Fe and Mn in the CeO2 matrix with the reduced dimensions and band gap values. The Raman analysis supported the lowest band gap of Fe-doped CeO2 on account of oxygen non-stoichiometry. The samples exhibited weak room temperature ferromagnetism, which was found to be enhanced in the Fe doped CeO2. The NEXAFS analysis supported the results by revealing the oxidation state of Fe to be Fe2+/Fe3+ in Fe-doped CeO2 nanoparticles. Further, the room temperature electrochemical performance of CeXO2 (X: Fe, Mn) nanoparticles was measured with a scan rate of 10 mV s-1 using 1 M KCL electrolyte, which showed that the Ce0.95Fe0.05O2 electrode revealed excellent performance with a specific capacitance of 945 Fּ·g-1 for the application in energy storage devices.

Structural and magnetic quantification of rhombohedral – Orthorhombic phase transition in gadolinium substituted bismuth ferrite

Room-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD), and High-resolution transmission microscopy (HR-TEM) were used to investigate the structural properties of multiferroic Bi1-xGdxFeO3 perovskites, (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30). The system under investigation was synthesized through a citric acid-based auto-combustion technique. XRD analysis revealed that the pure bismuth ferrite and the gadolinium substituted bismuth ferrite up to x = 0.10 samples composed of a polycrystalline rhombohedral structure (space group R3c (161)), the samples with Gd concentration between x = 0.15 and x = 0.25 show coexistence of rhombohedral and orthorhombic phases. At the same time, Bi0.7Gd0.3FeO3 crystallizes in a pure orthorhombic structure (space group Pbnm (62)). The crystallographic parameters and the ratio of the two competed phases were estimated using Rietveld refinement of XRD data. Williamson-Hall model based on the refined XRD data was used to estimate the average crystallite length and the induced lattice strain. Furthermore, TEM and HR-TEM images coincident with the XRD results. Bi1-xGdxFeO3 nanoparticles display coupling interactions between weak ferromagnetism and canted antiferromagnets at room temperature. The magnetic properties were estimated by analyzing the M(H) hysteresis loops collected using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). This study can sustain new strategies for tailoring new smart materials with different fascinating properties.

Structural Determination, Unstable Antiferromagnetism and Transport Properties of Fe-Kagome Y0.5Fe3Sn3 Single Crystals

Kagome materials have been studied intensively in condensed matter physics. With rich properties, various Kagome materials emerge during this process. Here, we grew single crystals of Y0.5Fe3Sn3 and confirmed an YCo6Ge6-type Kagome-lattice structure by detailed crystal structure characterizations. This compound bears an antiferromagnetic ordering at T N = 551 K, and shows a weak ferromagnetism at low temperatures, where an anomalous Hall effect was observed, suggesting the non-zero Berry curvature. With the unstable antiferromagnetic ground state, our systematic investigations make Y0.5Fe3Sn3 a potential Kagome compound for Kagome or topological physics.

Ferromagnetism Induced by Magnetic Dilution in Van der Waals Material Metal Thiophosphates

AbstractMetal thio(seleno) phosphates MPX3 attract considerable attention with potential application in spintronics and other types of devices. Here, ferromagnetism in an Ising type diluted magnetic semiconductor Fe1‐xZnxPS3 is reported. Bulk single crystals of Fe1‐xZnxPS3 have been synthesized via chemical vapor transport method and characterized by X‐ray diffraction. The weak ferromagnetism associated with spin/cluster spin glass emerges at 30% Zn doping. A nearly static ferromagnetic order is observed in the highly diluted magnets Fe0.1Zn0.9PS3. X‐ray photoemission measurements indicate introduction of holes and associated Fe3+ in samples with ferromagnetic order. Density functional theory calculations confirm the Ising‐type ferromagnetic state in highly diluted compounds with hole doping. The interplay between bound magnetic polarons induces impurity‐band‐exchange and superexchange interactions can explain the evolution of magnetism with Zn doping. The findings suggest that the magnetic diluted FePS3 system is a candidate for potential applications in magnetic devices, and its quantum mechanism should be explored by using microscopic techniques in the near future.

Effect of La and Se in tailoring the energy storage properties of BFO nanostructures

Simultaneous rare-earth doping at A and B sites have impacted various properties of BFO at room temperature. In this work, the dielectric and magnetic properties of BFO, are tailored by doping La and Se. Bi0.92La0.08Fe1−xSexO3, (x = 0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 100%) nanostructures are prepared using sol-gel technique. Structural analysis reveals that increased doping has reduced and eliminated the secondary phases of nanostructures. Absorption spectra showed a wide blue shifted absorption, indicating multiple electron transitions and the bandgap values decreased upon doping. Improved room temperature dielectric properties with increased doping indicates these nanostructures as viable candidates in energy storage applications. The improvements in ac-conductivity, impedance and modulus spectrum of doped nanostructures are observed. Specific capacitance of 36.22 F/g for Bi0.92La0.08Fe1O3 at 10 mV/s and 21.48F/g for the Bi0.92La0.08Fe0.9Se0.1O3 sample was observed. Weak ferromagnetism is observed in M-H loops with increased Se concentration that also finds applications in magnetic storage devices.

Insight into the mechanism of bidirectional magnetoelectric effects unveil cycloidal/uncompensated hybrid antiferromagnetic multiferroics

Evaluation of the bidirectional magnetoelectric (ME) effect using a ${\mathrm{BiFeO}}_{3}$ (BFO)/NiFeCuMo bilayer reveals that the electronically controlled ME effect ($E\ensuremath{\rightarrow}M$) and magnetically controlled ME effect ($H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}P$) have individual origins. (i) ME effect ($H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}P$): The ferroelectric polarization, evaluated using the hysteresis loops and positive-up--negative-down method, changed quadratically as a function of the magnetic field. This quadratic change is evidence of a cycloidal magnetic structure like that of bulk BFO. (ii) ME effect ($E\ensuremath{\rightarrow}M$): Magnetization switching was observed via electric-field-induced ferroelectric polarization switching through an ${H}_{\mathrm{EB}}$. In principle, the cycloidal magnetic structure does not exhibit an electrically controlled ME effect owing to the disappearance of ${H}_{\mathrm{EB}}$ because BFO ${(0\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}0\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}1)}_{\mathrm{pc}}$ is the compensated plane. However, an uncompensated weak ferromagnetic (FM) interface emerged near the BFO/NiFeCuMo by interfacial roughness, strains and defect rather than interfacial oxidation, resulting in ${H}_{\mathrm{EB}}$. An analysis of the bidirectional ME effect mechanism revealed that a hybrid of the cycloidal magnetic structure in the entire film body and uncompensated weak FM emerged near the interface, which developed BFO as an advanced cycloidal/uncompensated antiferromagnetic multiferroic. In addition, the strong ${H}_{\mathrm{EB}}$ realized perfect switching of magnetization polarities at zero electric fields, and the highly oriented ferroelectric domain realized the repetition of the ME effect.

Direct evidence for weak ferromagnetism sustained by Fe2+–O–Fe3+ superexchange coupling in short-range structures of aluminosilicate glasses

We report on the magnetism of amorphous SiO2–Al2O3–CaO–MgO–Fe2O3–K2O–MnO:CA (CA—activated carbon) aluminosilicate glasses prepared by a fusion-quenching method. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy show that a Fe2+ lattice modifier in the glass structures induces depolymerization, strongly influencing the magnetic transitions. Room temperature magnetization measurements of the CA-glasses show a different magnetic behavior, such as speromagnetism, asperomagnetism, and weak ferromagnetism. Mössbauer spectroscopy analyses at room temperature reveal that iron changes valence from Fe3+ → Fe2+ with increasing CA content. This Fe3+ → Fe2+ suggests that asperomagnetism and weak ferromagnetism behavior are triggered by Fe2+–O–Fe3+ superexchange coupling in short-range structures of aluminosilicate glasses. A model for the aluminosilicate glass structures is proposed to explain the different magnetic regimes.

Ferroelectricity induced by non-symmetry of A-site cations in hexagonal antiferromagnetic In1–xYbxFeO3 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) perovskites

A new series of multiferroic In1–xYbxFeO3 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) compounds were prepared using the traditional synthesis method for the first time. Partially substituting In ions in InFeO3 with Yb ions results in the weak ferroelectricity of the compound. A dielectric relaxation peak is found at ∼500 K in the temperature dependence of the dielectric properties of the resulted compounds. The dielectric constant of In0.8Yb0.2FeO3 displays an anomaly at ∼500 K, and the ferroelectric hysteresis loop reveals its weak ferroelectric behaviors below this temperature. Similarly to InFeO3, the compounds crystallize in space group P63/mmc. The increase in the Yb content leads to an increment in a and a reduction in c parameters. The temperature dependence of magnetization for In0.8Yb0.2FeO3 gives a Néel temperature of ∼150 K. The hysteresis loops at 10 and 100 K indicate its weak ferromagnetic characteristics above room temperature. Thus, In1–xYbxFeO3 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) compounds show both weak ferroelectricity and weak ferromagnetism. The non-symmetry of Yb cations causes the ferroelectricity of the compounds.

Spirobifluorene Mediating the Spin–Spin Coupling of Nitronyl Nitroxide Diradicals

To investigate the mechanism of this spiro conjugation magnetic behavior, we designed and synthesized three diradicals─22'SBF-NN, 44'SBF-NN, and 27SBF-NN. They are bridged by spirobifluorene and nitronyl nitroxide (NN) diradicals as the spin centers. Notably, by SQUID and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) zero-field splitting data analyses, the 22'SBF-NN and 27SBF-NN diradicals exhibit intramolecular, distinctly antiferromagnetic (AF) coupling, with 2J(22'SBF-NN)/kB = -5.86 K and 2J(27SBF-NN)/kB = -24.6 K, respectively. The AF of 22'SBF-NN is opposite to that predicted by the spin density alternation rule based on Hund's rule. Diradical intramolecular conjugation coupling bridged by spiro-carbon conjugation is discussed, in which the 22'SBF-NN is smaller than that of 27SBF-NN, corresponding to the room-temperature EPR characterization. This spiro conjugation is weaker than the traditional planar conjugation and generally leads to a weaker spin-spin coupling in the helical biradical molecule. The EPR spectrum of the 44'SBF-NN diradical shows a deformed nine-line curve, indicating intramolecular exchange coupling. The density functional theory calculation gives a very weak coupling constant of 2Jcalc/kB = 0.06 K, with ferromagnetic (FM) interaction as the proof, which is consistent with the spin-polarized prediction. Further analysis of magnetic susceptibility χm and VT-EPR data shows that there is indeed an extremely weak FM interaction in the 44' position diradical. We find the bridge, which is a 44' substituted SBF structure, blocks the conjugation and contains a larger twist in steric hindrance, which also hampers sufficient spin density delocalization, resulting in a much weaker spin coupling interaction. Combined with the analysis of molecular orbital calculation results, the anomalous intramolecular AF coupling mechanism of 22'SBF-NN is further explained.

Homochiral SCM Built of Tetrahedral and Pentagonal Bipyramidal Fe(II) Units Bridged by Chlorine

Each enantiomer of a chiral pentagonal bipyramidal (PBP) FeII complex ([FeLN5R,RCl(MeOH)]Cl·H2O, 1R, or [FeLN5S,SCl(MeOH)]Cl·H2O, 1S) has been obtained using either the R or the S stereoisomer of the macrocyclic pentadentate ligand formed in a template-condensation reaction of the tetraamine N,N′-Bis-{(1R,2R)-[2-(amino)]cyclohexyl}-1,2-diaminoethane, or its (1S,2S) enantiomer, and 2,5-diacetylpyridine, respectively LN5R,R and LN5S,S. Subsequently, the 1-D coordination polymers [FeLN5R,R{FeCl4}], 2R, and [FeLN5S,S{FeCl4}], 2S, were formed by reacting respectively 1R or 1S with 1 equiv of FeCl2(H2O)4. These chain compounds consist of an alternation of PBP and tetrahedral FeII units sharing a Cl atom. Theoretical calculations reveal large magnetic anisotropy for each Fe center but of different type with axial zero-field splitting parameter D of respectively −30 cm–1 and 15 cm–1. The magnetic behavior for the 1-D compound revealed canted antiferromagnetic Fe–Fe interactions (J = −6 cm–1) and SCM behavior characterized by Δ/kB = 42 K with pre-exponential factor τ0 = 2.17 × 10–10 s. It was noted that this SCM behavior was accompanied by a magnetic order leading to a weak ferromagnet (i.e., canted antiferromagnet). The preparations, crystal structures (CCDC references 2214580–2214583), spectroscopic data, magnetic behaviors, and theoretical investigations are reported.

Simple spin-reorientation model for rare-earth orthoferrites and orthochromites

A simple theory of spontaneous spin reorientation in rare-earth orthoferrites RFeO3 and orthochromites RCrO3 induced by 4f-3d-interaction is presented. It is shown that both the temperature and the nature of the spin reorientation are the result of the competition between the second- and fourth-order spin anisotropy of the 3d-sublattice, the crystal field for 4f-ions, and also the 4f-3d interaction. A case of the substitution of the rare-earth ions with a non-magnetic impurity is also considered. Keywords: spin reorientation, 4f-3d interaction, weak ferromagnetism, orthoferrites, orthochromites.

Topological features of quantum transport in bi1−xSbx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) bicrystals

High-quality Bi1−xSbx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) bicrystals with nanowidth crystallite interfaces (CIs), exhibiting simultaneously superconductivity (Tc ≤ 21 K) and weak ferromagnetism, are studied. A number of unusual features of quantum transport are observed, which are due to topological changes of the Fermi surface of CIs layers, as well as the manifestation of some 3D topological phases of the matter. It is revealed that the flow of Dirac fermions is sensitive to the field orientation, and the localization process occurs only at the B||CIs plane. In doing so, the dependences of the Landau level index n on peak position Bn−1 at inclination interfaces are extrapolated to −0.5 if 1/Bn → 0, as expected for the massless Dirac fermions, while in crystallites and some twisting CIs with an increased degree of imperfection, electronic states are of the Schrodinger type, since n takes integer values. At Sb concentrations of x ∼ 0.04, the high-field thermomagnetic phenomena of CI layers exhibit behavior of the 3D topological semimetals, whereas in bicrystals with 0.07 ≤ x ≤ 0.2 they manifest typical features of the 3D topological insulators.

Enhancement of weak ferromagnetism, exotic structure prediction and diverse electronic properties in holmium substituted multiferroic bismuth ferrite.

Bismuth ferrite (BFO, BiFeO3), exhibiting both ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties at room temperature, is one of the most researched multiferroic materials with a growing number of technological applications. In the present study, using a combined theoretical-experimental approach, we have investigated the influence of Ho-doping on the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of BFO. Synthesis and structural XRD characterization of Bi1-xHoxFeO3 (x = 0.02, 0.05, and 0.10) nanopowders have been completed. After structure prediction of Ho-doped BiFeO3 using bond valence calculations (BVC), six most favorable candidates were found: α-, β-, γ-, R-, T1, and T2. Furthermore, all structure candidates have been examined for different magnetic ordering using DFT calculations. The magnetic behavior of the synthesized materials was investigated using a SQUID magnetometer equipped with an oven. The plethora of magnetic and electronic properties of the Ho-doped BFO that our theoretical research predicted can open up rich possibilities for further investigation and eventual applications.

Multi-functional Behaviour of Eu2O3 Embedded 3D Mesoporous Silica Template KIT-6

Rare-earth (RE) oxide embedded ordered mesoporous silica have been successfully prepared via a solution impregnation method. The structure and physical property of the nanocomposites (NCs) were studied by low-angle X-ray diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Photoluminescence (PL) and magnetic measurement. The NCs exhibited the room temperature transition emission due to the presence of Eu3+ ions. Also the NC system showed a room temperature weak ferromagnetism due to the large oxygen vacancy present in the system. Photoluminescence, magnetic property and large surface area, make these NCs ideal multi-functional materials, which will have potential applications in the field of bio-medicine and drug-delivery. These kinds of nanocomposites are promising candidates for fabrication of various environment friendly smart devices.

Effect of magnetic phase coexistence on spin-phonon coupling and magnetoelectric effect in polycrystalline Sm0.5Y0.5Fe0.58Mn0.42O3

The various physical properties with their intercorrelations in polycrystalline samples of Sm0.5Y0.5Fe0.58Mn0.42O3 [SYFM (58–42)] were investigated. The dc magnetization measurements revealed a weak ferromagnetic (WFM) transition at TÑ361 K that is followed by an incomplete spin reorientation (SR) transition at TSR1∼ 348 K. A first order magnetic transition (FOMT) around TSR2 ∼ 292 K completes the spin reorientation transition and the material enters into a nearly collinear antiferromagnetic (AFM) state. Robust magnetodielectric (MD) is found to be present in material at room temperature. True ferroelectric transition with TFE = 108 K and having a value of saturation polarization (∼0.06 μC/cm2 at 15 K) have been found in the specimen. This spin phonon coupling (SPC) stabilizes the ferroelectric state and responsible for magnetoelectric coupling (ME). We argue that wave vector (q) dependence of the spin-pair correlation affects the electronic and magnetodielectric properties in a similar way.

Hexagonal RFeO3 (R = Dy, Er, and Lu) Films Grown on Glass Substrates with Both Magnetic and Ferroelectric Orders

Hexagonal rare-earth ferrites (h-RFeO3) are promising multiferroic materials owing to the spontaneous magnetization, high ferroelectric transition temperature, and fascinating features provided by strong magnetoelectric coupling. However, h-RFeO3 is metastable, and its synthetic methods are limited, particularly when ionic size of R is large. One of useful synthesis methods is epitaxial thin-film growth on single-crystal substrates, because the metastable phase is stabilized by the lattice match between h-RFeO3 and the substrate. Compared to single-crystal substrates, glass substrates are more cost-effective. However, films on glass tend to consist of a thermodynamically stable phase owing to the amorphous nature of glass substrates. Herein, we report that a h-RFeO3 pure phase can be obtained as thin film even on glass substrates. The metastable phase was formed owing to the nonequilibrium synthesis process of pulsed laser deposition. The obtained h-RFeO3 thin films on glass with R = Dy, Er, and Lu exhibited weak ferromagnetism with Néel temperatures of 120–140 K. Furthermore, a clear magnetic phase transition from weak ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic phase was observed in the h-ErFeO3 films. Additionally, piezoelectric force microscopy measurements exhibited the ferroelectricity of the film at room temperature. These results provide a convenient synthesis method of a pure phase multiferroic h-RFeO3 system.

The enhanced multifunctional behavior in G-type antiferromagnetic BiFeO3 due to the modification by MgTiO3

We have opted for modifying/mixing the conventional BFO multiferroic by Mg-based structure MgTiO3, resulting in the given structural form as (BiFeO3)0.6 (MgTiO3)0.4. The structural distortions from the spin cycloid rhombohedral structure for pure BFO to the orthorhombic arrangement were verified, both from the POWD and Rietveld analysis of the XR-Diffraction database, specifically being transformed to the space group: Pbnm. High εr values, specifically at low-frequency regimes unclog the ceramic's high electric storage ability, which might be as the layered capacitor. Observation of saturated low tangent dielectric loss (tanδ) at higher frequency suggests the compound's applicability for microwave-related applications. It was perceived from the temperature-dependent CIS study that the sharpness of the relaxation mechanism enhances following the contraction in ImZ curves. The fall in the maxima height of the ImZ curves with temperature rise indicates the reduction in the magnitude of (jωC)−1 . The rising peak heights of the M″ curves with rising temperature evince the dominance of long-range thermal conductivities in the solid complex. The optical band gap was found to be tapered relative to the host (BiFeO3), making it a potential candidate for optoelectronics applicability. The Cole-Cole plots suggest the sample's semiconducting feature, together with some non-Debye characteristics induced by electrode-surface irregularities. Weak leakage conduction was observed from the J-E curve, together with a non-linear (non-ohmic) response. The induction of weak ferromagnetism and enhanced saturation trend in the M − H curve suggests partial suppression in the spin cycloid AFM arrangements, brought in by a factor such as bond angle depression between the adjacent ferrite ions.

Display of converse and direct magnetoelectric effect in double perovskite LaYFe2O6

This work reports the simultaneous observation of converse magnetoelectric (CME) and direct magnetoelectric (DME) effects in LaYFe2O6. The structural, magnetic, and magnetoelectric properties of LaYFe2O6, prepared by the sol-gel auto-combustion method and sintered at various temperatures, have been studied. The x-ray powder diffraction study suggests the double perovskite structure with symmetries P21nm (∼90%) and Pbnm (∼10%). The alternate ordering of La and Y ions is confirmed by the neutron powder diffraction (ND) study, which also suggests the antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering of spins. AFM behavior is also manifested by the magnetic field-dependent magnetization (M) measurement. A higher P21nm phase content is desirable in the context of magnetoelectricity. Magnetic transition (∼700 K) is asserted in the temperature-dependent M measurement. The isothermal magnetization study shows weak ferromagnetism probably due to gradually increasing spin canting with temperature until the transition temperature. The highest CME coefficient (∼2.26 mOe cm/V) as well as DME coefficient (∼0.45 mV/cm Oe) in this material are recorded. True magnetoelectricity for temperature as high as 400 K opens up a new avenue on the playground of magnetoelectric (ME)-based applications.

Investigation of Optical and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructured CdS- and Cr-Doped CdS Nanorods Dilute Magnetic Semiconductor

Two novel CdS- and Cr-doped CdS nanostructures, including nanoparticles and nanoparticles, were successfully synthesized by solvothermal reaction with hydrazine hydrate (HHA), ethylene glycol (EG), ethylenediamine (EN) and ethanolamine (EA) as mixed solvents in different sulfur and cadmium sources. The structure, morphology and properties of the products were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The morphology of the Cr-doped CdS nanostructures was nanorod, with an average diameter of 70–90[Formula: see text]nm and lengths of 1–2.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. The product was observed to be composed of S, Cd and Cr by EDS. The VSM tests demonstrated that the Cr-doped CdS nanorods had super strong ferromagnetism at room temperature, while pure CdS nanorods were weak ferromagnetism. The results confirmed that the prepared the Cr-doped CdS nanorods had ferromagnetism at room temperature, and the saturation magnetization [Formula: see text] was approximately 9.125 (10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]emu/g), the coercivity of [Formula: see text] was approximately 139.22[Formula: see text]Oe.

Exploiting multiferroicity of TbFeO3 nanoparticles for hydrogen generation through photo/electro/photoelectro-catalytic water splitting

Hydrogen is a potential future energy source that could replace conventional fuel and provide the necessary energy. Multiferroic materials are the most likely choices for water splitting due to their ferroelectric characteristics and ability to function as magnetically recoverable catalysts. Multiferroic terbium orthoferrite nanoparticles were synthesized at low temperature by the polymeric citrate precursor route to study the photocatalytic, electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activity towards hydrogen production. Powder X-ray diffraction revealed successful formation of orthorhombic TbFeO3 nanoparticles. A larger aspect ratio of 3.9 and a bandgap of 2.13 eV were seen in the elongated TbFeO3 nanoparticles, which contributes to the photo/electro-catalytic activity. Magnetic and ferroelectric studies revealed weak ferromagnetism and ferroelectric polarization of 0.037 μC cm−2 in TbFeO3 nanoparticles, confirming multiferroicity. Visibly active and multiferroic TbFeO3 nanoparticles showed notable hydrogen evolution of 1.44 mmol h−1 g−1. In electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting investigations, TbFeO3 nanoparticles demonstrated current densities of 30 and 60 mA cm−2, respectively. EIS, TRPL, transient photocurrent and Mott-schottky measurements were used to examine charge transfer kinetics. The high H2 evolution and good OER/HER tests were attributed to increased charger separation efficiency due to ferroelectricity induced band bending.