Weak Action Research Articles

Personal choice shields against affective influences on effort in a "do your best" task: Effects on cardiac response.

This experiment (N=113) tested whether personal choice vs. external assignment of task characteristics moderates the effect of incidental affective stimulation on effort-related cardiovascular response in a "do your best" task context. When participants could choose themselves the color of the stimuli (i.e., a series of letters to be recalled) used in a memory task, we expected high task commitment and willingness to mobilize resources, strong action shielding, and thus low receptivity for incidental affective influences. By contrast, when the color was externally assigned, we expected low willingness to mobilize resources, weak action shielding, and thus strong affective influences on effort. As predicted, participants in the assigned color condition showed stronger cardiac pre-ejection period reactivity during task execution when exposed to sad music than when exposed to happy music. These music effects did not appear among participants who could personally choose the color. Here, effort was high independently of the happy or sad background music. The present study demonstrates the moderating effect of personal choice on resource mobilization in a task of unfixed difficulty with happy and sad background music as incidental affective influence.

Multi-Layered Implant Approach for Hemilaryngectomy Reconstruction in a Porcine Model.

Partial laryngectomies result in voice, swallowing, and airway impairment for thousands of patients in the United States each year. Treatment options for dynamic restoration of laryngeal function are limited. Thus, there is a need for new reconstructive approaches. Here, we evaluated early (4 week) outcomes of multi-layered mucosal-myochondral (MMC) implants when used to restore laryngeal form and function after hemilaryngectomy in a porcine model. Six Yucatan minipigs underwent transmural hemilaryngectomies followed by reconstruction with customized MMC implants aiming to provide site-appropriate localization of regenerated laryngeal tissues, while supporting laryngeal function. All implants were fabricated from polymeric collagen, with a subset of muscle and cartilage implants containing motor endplate-expressing muscle progenitor cells or cartilage-like cells differentiated from adipose stem cells, respectively. Vocalization and laryngeal electromyography (L-EMG) measurements with nerve conduction studies were performed post-operatively and compared with baseline along with gross and histological analyses of the healing response. All animals (n = 6) survived and maintained airway patency, safe swallowing, and phonation, without the use of tracheostomy and/or gastrostomy tubes. Histological evaluation indicated no adverse tissue reaction or implant degradation, showing progressive regenerative remodeling with mucosa reformation and ingrowth of new muscle and cartilage. Preliminary L-EMG suggested weak but detectable motor unit action potentials. Although vocalization duration, frequency, and intensity decreased post-operatively, all animals retained vocal capacity and parameter recovery was evident over the study duration. Engineered collagen polymeric implants in the presence or absence of autologous cell populations may serve as a feasible reconstructive option to restore dynamic function after hemilaryngectomy. Long-term follow-up is needed to further assess functional outcomes. NA Laryngoscope, 2024.

Future photovoltaic potential in India: navigating the interplay between air pollution control and climate change mitigation

Abstract India has set ambitious solar energy targets to meet its climate commitments. However, climate change, already evident in the country, poses significant challenges to solar power generation. Therefore, assessing the impact of climate change on future photovoltaic potential in India is essential. This study evaluates the mid-century (2041–2050) solar photovoltaic potential across Indian power grids using CMIP6 models under two scenarios: SSP2-4.5 (moderate climate action with intermediate air pollution) and SSP5-8.5 (weak climate action with strong air pollution control). The results indicate that the nationally averaged photovoltaic potential is projected to decrease by −2.3 ± 0.6% (SSP5-8.5) to −3.3 ± 0.9% (SSP2-4.5) compared to the 1985–2014 baseline, primarily due to reduced radiation and increased temperatures. Additionally, cell temperatures are expected to rise by 1.5 ± 0.13 °C (SSP2-4.5) to 2 ± 0.11 °C (SSP5-8.5), leading to efficiency losses and additional 18 ± 5 d under SSP2-4.5 (26 ± 3 d under SSP5-8.5) of efficiency de-rating, particularly in solar-rich regions. This translates to a loss of 600 ± 160 GWh under SSP2-4.5 and 840 ± 100 GWh under SSP5-8.5, based on the solar generation status of 2023–24. Overall, SSP5-8.5 projects a smaller reduction in photovoltaic potential, it also predicts greater temperature-induced efficiency losses compared to SSP2-4.5, due to aerosol direct effect and weak climate action. Finally, this assessment highlights the need for combined climate and pollution mitigation efforts to boost India’s photovoltaic potential and secure a sustainable, resilient energy future.

Correcting misperceptions about trends and norms to address weak collective action — Experimental evidence from a recycling program

Finding ways to encourage collective action in contexts where only a minority adopts the desired behavior is central to solving many of today’s global environmental problems. We study how correcting people’s beliefs about social norms and behavioral trends encourages collective action in a setting where the desired behavior is not yet prevalent. In a field experiment, we test whether low sign-up rates for a recycling program in urban Peru can be increased by providing information (1) that most people regard participation in the program as important, i.e., on the “injunctive norm”, (2) on an increasing recent trend in sign-up rates. We find that the effectiveness of the treatments depends on people’s prior beliefs: Correcting inaccurate beliefs increases sign-up decisions significantly among people who either substantially underestimate the injunctive norm or who underestimate the positive trend. As this sub-group of people is in the minority in our set-up, we do not observe statistically significant average treatment effects. We further find that the effects of the treatments increase in the level of underestimation. Our evidence demonstrates that belief updating can be used effectively to encourage collective action where it is weak as long as a meaningful number of people underestimates the relevant trends and norms.

DESCRIPTION OF SOME SOIL AGROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS THROUGH PCA ANALYSIS

The study evaluated how certain agrochemical indices, used in soil characterization, were classified. The study area, where the soil samples came from, was in the "Padurea Cenad" Protected Area, Timis County, Romania. The considered agrochemical indices resulted from soil analysis for agricultural land and forest land. The agrochemical indices were represented by soil reaction (pH), the content of some macroelements (Nt, P, K, Ca, Mg), microelements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn), and heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Pb). The soil reaction was considered with each group of elements in the analysis. According to the PCA analysis, in the case of macroelements, pH, Nt, K, Ca were grouped in PC1, and P and Mg were grouped in PC2. In the case of microelements, pH, Mn, Zn were grouped in PC1, and Cu and Fe were grouped in PC2. In the case of heavy metals, all elements were grouped in PC1. The soil reaction (pH) showed negative action in relation to macroelements (r = -0.999), and in relation to heavy metals (r = -0.972), and positive action in relation to microelements (r = 0.847). Negative action was also recorded in the case of Ca (r = -0.970). In the case of macroelements, Mg showed a strong action (r = 0.770), and the other elements showed a very strong action (r > 0.900). In the case of microelements, pH and Fe showed a strong action (r = 0.847; r = 0.877), and the other elements showed a very strong action (r > 0.900). In the case of heavy metals, Cr showed a weak action (r = 0.576), and the other elements showed a very strong action (r > 0.900). In all three analyzed groups, the results showed statistical certainty (p < 0.001).

Pixel-wise programmability enables dynamic high-SNR cameras for high-speed microscopy

High-speed wide-field fluorescence microscopy has the potential to capture biological processes with exceptional spatiotemporal resolution. However, conventional cameras suffer from low signal-to-noise ratio at high frame rates, limiting their ability to detect faint fluorescent events. Here, we introduce an image sensor where each pixel has individually programmable sampling speed and phase, so that pixels can be arranged to simultaneously sample at high speed with a high signal-to-noise ratio. In high-speed voltage imaging experiments, our image sensor significantly increases the output signal-to-noise ratio compared to a low-noise scientific CMOS camera (~2–3 folds). This signal-to-noise ratio gain enables the detection of weak neuronal action potentials and subthreshold activities missed by the standard scientific CMOS cameras. Our camera with flexible pixel exposure configurations offers versatile sampling strategies to improve signal quality in various experimental conditions.

Putting the “Action” in RCA2: An Analysis of Intervention Strength After Adverse Events

Safety event reporting and review is well established within US hospitals, but systems to ensure implementation of changes to improve patient safety are less developed. Contributing factors and corrective actions for events brought to a tertiary care academic medical center's multidisciplinary hospital-level safety event review meeting were prospectively collected from 2020 to 2021. Corrective actions were tracked to completion through 2023. The authors retrospectively coded corrective actions by category and strength using the US Department of Veterans Affairs/Institute for Healthcare Improvement Action Hierarchy Tool. In the analysis of 67 events, 15 contributing factor themes were identified and resulted in 148 corrective actions. Of these events, 85.1% (57/67) had more than one corrective action. Of the 148 corrective actions, 84 (56.8%) were rated as weak, 36 (24.3%) as intermediate, 15 (10.1%) strong, and 13 (8.8%) needed more information. The completion rate was 97.6% (for weak corrective actions), 80.6% (intermediate), and 73.3% (strong) (p < 0.0001). Safety events were often addressed with multiple corrective actions. There was an inverse relationship between intervention strength and completion, the strongest interventions with the lowest rate of completion. By integrating action strength and completion status into corrective action follow-up, health care organizations may more effectively identify and address those barriers to completing the strongest interventions that ultimately achieve high reliability.

Blue light strongly promotes de-etiolation over green, moderate over red, but have limited action over far-red lights in lettuce plants

The role of photoreceptors (phytochromes and cryptochromes) was evaluated in lettuce regarding (de)etiolation processes. The manipulation of light quality and intensity can modulate their activity and response and, consequently, promote morphophysiological changes in plants. To this end, lettuce plants were grown under controlled conditions at two photosynthetically active radiation levels (300 and 600 µmol m−2 s−1) and at different qualities, including white, blue, green, red and far-red light, as well as combinations, totaling 18 treatments. Biomass gain, internode length, light interception, pigment content, morpho-anatomical changes in the leaves and ultrastructural changes in the chloroplast and cell wall were evaluated. It was verified that in green, there was the highest degree of etiolation; however, the supplementation of blue promotes a strong de-etiolation process. In pure red (R), the plants were slightly less etiolated, but with limited action of blue in stimulating de-etiolation, and in R plus far-red (FR) (R:FR ratio was 0.33 in R + FR treatment), there was a strong degree of etiolation and weak action of blue on those set of treatments. In general, the plants submitted to the highest intensities of blue light, alone or in combination, approach the control phenotype (white light at total 300 µmol m−2 s−1; 18 % blue = 54 µmol m−2 s−1). The morpho-anatomical phenotype supports the hypothesis that blue light is capable of inhibiting or reducing etiolation-related responses, but the effects are dependent not only on the quality alone but also on the light intensity. Based on the known light-dependent response of phytochromes and cryptochromes, we suggest a weak interference of PHYB on CRY and a strong negative action of PHYA on CRY proteins.

Butyl succinate-mediated control of Bacillus velezensis ce 100 for apple anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

Microbial biocontrol agents have become an effective option to mitigate the harmfulness of chemical pesticides in recent years. This study demonstrates the control efficacy of Bacillus velezensis CE 100 on the anthracnose causal agent, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In vitro antifungal assays revealed that the culture filtrate and volatile organic compounds of B. velezensis CE 100 strongly restricted the mycelial development of C. gloeosporioides. Moreover, a bioactive compound, butyl succinate, was isolated from the n-butanol crude extract of B. velezensis CE 100 (bce), and identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization hybrid ion-trap and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS) and one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Treatment with purified butyl succinate at a concentration of 300μg mL-1 strongly controlled conidial germination of C. gloeosporioides with an inhibition rate of 98.66%, whereas butyl succinate at a concentration of 400μg mL-1 showed weak antifungal action on the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides with an inhibition rate of 31.25%. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the morphologies of butyl succinate-treated hyphae and conidia of C. gloeosporioides were severely deformed with shriveled and wrinkled surfaces. Furthermore, butyl succinate was able to control carbendazim-resistant C. gloeosporioides, demonstrating that it could be a promising agent for the suppression of other carbendazim-resistant fungal pathogens. An in vivo biocontrol assay demonstrated that the strain ce 100 broth culture and butyl succinate showed higher control efficacy on apple anthracnose than bce. Our findings provide insight into the antifungal potential of B. velezensis ce 100 and its butyl succinate for efficient control of phytopathogenic fungi, such as C. gloeosporiodes, in plant disease protection. This is the first study to demonstrate the antifungal potential of bacteria-derived butyl succinate for control of C. gloeosporioides.

Chemical composition, antifungal activity, antibiofilm and citotoxicity of the essential oil of Citrus deliciosa tenore

The leaves of Citrus deliciosa Tenore were collected in southern Brazil, dried, and subjected to the hydrodistillation process to obtain the essential oil. The extraction of essential oil yielded 0.97% ± 0.04. The chromatographic profile of this compound revealed 11 substances, being methyl N-methyl-anthranilate (75.1%), γ-terpinene (13.8%), and Limonene (7%) as major substances. The essential oil shows antifungal action against all tested yeasts, with promising action against Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii, and Trichosporon asahii. This compound was also able to inhibit the biofilm production of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and T. asahii. The essential oil of tangerine showed weak antioxidant action. It did not show cytotoxicity in human mononuclear cells. It is hoped that these results may guide future studies for the production of formulations that can be used in the treatment of biofilms caused by yeasts, as well as in candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and/or trichosporonosis.

Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the root extracts and fractions of Terminalia avicennioides Guill. and Perr.

BackgroundInfectious diseases remain a major source of death and sickness globally. Their management entails use of antimicrobials. However, emergence of microbial resistance to these agents is on the increase. Inflammation and oxidative stress also accompany disease states. Newer agents to counter microbes, inflammation and oxidative stress are needed. Terminalia avicennioides Guill and Perr. is regularly exploited as a traditional remedy to numerous complaints, comprising infections, inflammation and enhancement of well-being. This study was intended to examine the effects of the root extracts and fractions of T. avicennioides against select bacteria and fungi as well as their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials. Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant assessments were conducted with broth microdilution technique, lipoxygenase and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, respectively.ResultsAll the bacteria displayed varying susceptibility to the different extracts. The extracts caused good antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Stenotrophomonas maltophilis, Enterobacter cloaca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Echinococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli, but moderate for Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antifungal action varied from good to moderate against Fusarium spp, moderate against Aspergillus niger but inactive against Candida albicans. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were dose-dependent, recording robust activity at higher concentrations. The n-butanol fraction manifested the highest anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, then ethylacetate while methanol extract showed better activities among hot and cold water extracts.ConclusionsThe analysis of the biological activities of T. avicennioides root extracts and fractions revealed encouraging antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which were dose reliant. The different extracts and fractions displayed variable grades of activity. The plant showed good antibacterial but weak antifungal action. These activities could be credited to polyphenols and other plant constituents. This report may explain some of the traditional medicinal uses of the plant and could open the door for further studies in search of newer compounds against microbial organisms, inflammation and/or oxidative stress.

Features of calculating structures for frequent weak earthquakes

The features of calculating structures for the action of weak earthquakes are analyzed. Earthquakes with a recurrence of 30 years and 50 years are considered. In the first case the structure is to operate normally without damage after the earthquake. In the second case damages are allowed that do not affect the possibility of the structure operation. Three issues are emphasized: setting elastic and damping characteristics of reinforced concrete, formalization of limit states and combinations of loads. The dependence of damping on the reinforcement coefficient is estimated. When evaluating limit states, in addition to calculations for crack resistance and strength, a human factor, i.e. the possibility of panic among people was considered. To avoid it, it is proposed to limit a storey-by-storey speed level in certain octave ranges. Proposals have been developed for estimating the coefficients of combination of various loads with the seismic one. As an example, coefficients of combinations of seismic and ice loads are estimated. It is shown, that for strong actions the combination coefficients for different regions turn out to be close, while for weak actions they may differ.

Preparation of durable coating for polyamide 6: Analysis the role of DOPO on flame retardancy, anti-dripping and combustion behavior

The application of insoluble 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to develop a durable coating for flame retardant (FR) modification of polyamide 6 (PA6) is of concern and difficult. This study found that the hydration reaction of DOPO provided the possibility of constructing a DOPO coating. Hence, DOPO compound was deposited onto PA6 fabric by dip-coating technique. Then, the impacts of DOPO coating on FR performance, anti-dripping property, smoke and heat release performance of coated PA6 fabric were systematically studied. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of PA6 fabrics continued to increase with the increase of phosphorus content. However, the coated PA6 fabrics achieved anti-dripping property at a phosphorus content of 0.88 ∼1.75 mg/g. Besides, the heat release ability of coated PA6 reduced sharply at high phosphorus content of 1.75 mg/g, as suggested by a reduction of 20.9% and 21.8% in pHRR and THR, respectively. Moreover, DOPO coating exhibited good washing durability on PA6 fabric because of the hydrogen bond formed between DOPO and PA6, as well as the adhesion of DOPO coating. The coated PA6 fabric could still self-extinguish after 15 washing cycles. Further analysis proved that DOPO played a quenching role in the gas-phase with a weak condensed-phase action. This work points out the right direction for the future research on the preparation of FR PA6 fabric using DOPO derivatives.

Detailed look into the unstable S-N border during propagation of the N-zone into the thin YBaCuO film

The focus is on the initial processes which change the shape of the bending S-N border during pulsed electrical S-N switching of thin YBaCuO films. These processes were noted on the SEM images of damaged films. The YBaCuO strip samples of high critical current densities were damaged by overcritical current pulses of nanosecond duration. The processes obtain different properties depending on the effective penetration length that the films have. During the N-zone propagation by the channel, led by the top unstable S-N border, an iterative transformation of the S-N border shape takes place. Two sets of the processes at the single transformation step, demonstrating weak and strong coherent jets action, are visualized and described. The origin of coherent jet formation, which is the driving force of the processes, is discussed. A peculiar interpretation of the moving top of the N-zone as a band in the state of Richtmayer-Meshkov instability is also proposed. It appears that devices with elements of the micro-scale dimensions should manifest the ultra-high speed of the S-N switching.

On symmetries of singular foliations

This paper shows that a weak symmetry action of a Lie algebra g on a singular foliation F induces a unique up to homotopy Lie ∞-morphism from g to the DGLA of vector fields on a universal Lie ∞-algebroid of F. Such a morphism is known as L∞-algebra action in [1]. We deduce from this general result several geometrical consequences. For instance, we give an example of a Lie algebra action on an affine sub-variety which cannot be extended on the ambient space. Last, we introduce the notion of bi-submersion towers over a singular foliation and lift symmetries to those.

An equivalence between enriched ∞-categories and ∞-categories with weak action

We show that an ∞-category M with a closed left action of a monoidal ∞-category V is completely determined by the V-valued graph of morphism objects resulting from closedness of the action equipped with the structure of a V-enrichment in the sense of Gepner-Haugseng. We prove a similar result when M is a V-enriched ∞-category in the sense of Lurie, an operadic generalization of the notion of ∞-category with closed action. Precisely, we prove that sending a V-enriched ∞-category in the sense of Lurie to the V-valued graph of morphism objects refines to an equivalence χ between the ∞-category of V-enriched ∞-categories in the sense of Lurie and of Gepner-Haugseng.Moreover if V is a presentably k+1-monoidal ∞-category for 1≤k≤∞, we prove that χ restricts to a lax k-monoidal functor between the ∞-category of left V-modules in PrL, the symmetric monoidal ∞-category of presentable ∞-categories, endowed with the relative tensor product, and the tensor product of V-enriched ∞-categories of Gepner-Haugseng.As an application of our theory we construct a lax symmetric monoidal embedding of the ∞-category of small stable ∞-categories into the ∞-category of small spectral ∞-categories. As a second application we produce an enriched Yoneda-embedding in the framework of Lurie's notion of enriched ∞-categories.

Use Hydrochemistry and Environmental Isotopes for the Assessment Mineralization of Groundwater in Miopliocene Aquifers in Douala 3 (Cameroon)

Linked hydrochemical and isotopic studied were carried out to identify and explain the processes that control the mineralization in miopliocene aquifers in Douala basin. According to the results of the chemical analysis, the water is acidic and poor mineralized. The investigation highlights that groundwater mineralization is mainly influenced by ion exchange process, carbonate dissolution and silicate weathering. Based on isotopic signatures, shallow aquifer groundwater samples were classified into waters with depleted δ18O contents, highlighting the result of a rapid infiltration of local meteoric waters which has undergone a low evaporation process. Deep aquifer and some points of shallow aquifer are more enriched in 18O than the local rains. This reflects a certain level of evaporation which the rainwater would have undergone before reaching the aquifer or the leaching of heavy isotopes accumulated in the unsaturated zone during the dry season. The relatively recent age of the waters that recharge the aquifer explains the weak action of the water-rock interaction hence the weak mineralization of the waters overall.

Multiple Temporal Pooling Mechanisms for Weakly Supervised Temporal Action Localization

Recent action localization works learn in a weakly supervised manner to avoid the expensive cost of human labeling. Those works are mostly based on the Multiple Instance Learning framework, where temporal pooling is an indispensable part that usually relies on the guidance of snippet-level Class Activation Sequences (CAS) . However, we observe that previous works only leverage a simple convolutional neural network for the generation of CAS, which ignores the weak discriminative foreground action segments and the background ones, and meanwhile, the relationship between different actions has not been considered. To solve this problem, we propose multiple temporal pooling mechanisms (MTP) for a more sufficient information utilization. Specifically, with the design of the Foreground Variance Branch, Dual Foreground Attention Branch and Hybrid Attention Fine-tuning Branch, MTP can leverage more effective information from different aspects and generate different CASs to guide the learning of temporal pooling. Moreover, different loss functions are designed for a better optimization of individual branches, aiming to effectively distinguish the action from the background. Our method shows excellent results on the THUMOS14 and ActivityNet1.2 datasets.

Triphenylphosphonium-Driven Targeting of Pyrimorph Fragment Derivatives Greatly Improved Its Action on Phytopathogen Mitochondria.

Pyrimorph is a carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicide, which shows excellent activity against oomycetes such as pepper phytophthora blight, tomato late blight, and downy mildew of cucumber. It works mainly by inhibiting the biosynthesis of cell wall of oomycetes. However, pyrimorph also shows weak activity of inhibiting mitochondrial complex III, which is the first CAA fungicide found to act on mitochondria. To improve this effect on mitochondria and develop fungicides that may have a novel mechanism of action, in this paper, by disassembling pyrimorph and conjugating the fragments with the mitochondrial-targeted delivery system (triphenylphosphonium), three series of mitochondrial-targeting analogues of pyrimorph were designed and synthesized. The results show that the pyridine-containing 1,1-diaryl is the core module of inhibition mitochondrial function of pyrimorph. Among these conjugates, compound 3b with a short linker showed the highest and broad-spectrum fungicidal activity, strong respiratory inhibition activity, and adenosine 5'-triphosphate synthesis inhibition activity, suggesting its potential as a fungicide candidate. 3b exhibited greatly improved action on mitochondria, such as by destroying the mitochondrial function of pathogens, causing mitochondrial swelling, weakening its influence on cell wall morphology, and so on. More importantly, this study provides a method to strengthen the drugs or pesticides with weak mitochondrial action, which is of special significance for developing mitochondrial bioactive molecules with the novel action mechanism.

A Study on Farmers' Participation in Environmental Protection in the Context of Rural Revitalization: The Moderating Role of Policy Environment.

This study investigates the environmental protection behavior of farmers in the Guanzhong Plain region and the factors influencing their participation, in order to improve the enthusiasm of farmers' participation and promote the formation of "good governance" in rural ecological environments. Based on interviews with 295 farmers, the influence of psychological cognitive factors on farmers' intention and behavior to participate in environmental protection was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling under the extended theory of planned behavior, and the moderating effect of policy environment in the relationship between farmers' intention to participate and participation behavior was revealed. The research results show that: (1) The current situation of farmers' participation in environmental protection is generally characterized by "strong intentions and weak actions". (2) Participation consciousness and benefit perception have a greater impact on farmers' intention to participate in environmental protection, perceived behavioral control has a smaller impact, and subjective norms do not have a significant impact. (3) Perceived behavioral control and participation intention have a greater influence on farmers' participation in environmental protection behavior, subjective norms have less influence, and there is no direct influence of perceived benefits and participation awareness on farmers' participation behavior, i.e., farmers' participation intention has indirect influence on participation behavior. (4) The moderating effect of policy environment indicates that policy environment has a significant positive effect on the relationship between farmers' participation intention and participation behavior.