Way Of Voting Research Articles

E-Voting Using Public Blockchain

Abstract: Since then, there have been some ways of voting. Around the world, paper ballots are the most common voting format. Only in the past ten years have electronic voting schemes gained popularity, and they remain unaddressed. E-voting systems have issues with security, reliability, openness, functionality and dependability. Estonia is the innovator in this area and might be regarded as the cutting edge. However, there aren't many alternatives that use blockchain. All of the aforementioned issues can be solved with blockchain, which also offers benefits like immutability and decentralization. The primary issues with blockchainbased technology used for electronic voting are their narrow focus or the lack of testing and comparability. We introduce an electronic voting system built on the blockchain that may be applied to any type of voting. Blockchain uses it to the fullest extent possible and has the capacity to manage all processes. After the voting process has begun, the platform behaves as though it is completely independent and decentralized, with no potential for interference. Although the data are completely transparent, homomorphic encryption protects the voters' identities. The main innovation of our solution is the fully decentralized management of the e-voting platform through blockchain, transparency of the entire process, and privacy and security of the voters thanks to homomorphic encryption.

Politics and Differently Abled Persons in India in the 21st Century

Politics is a major and integral part of society. Every individual who is physically impaired is also involved and affects the political process. The concept of a disabled person has modified into a differently abled person as disability depends upon the almighty’s decision or not in our hand so it’s never be neglected. India is a democratic and developing country; differently-abled people are also a part of the people. Without their political inclusion and participation, we cannot imagine the development of a democratic state. People possessing the nationality of a country are called citizens. All citizens have the right to say about, regulate, or access their own country’s progress and prosperity. The main motto of this presentation is to identify the Political Rights of Indian citizens. It also identifies the Political Rights of differently-abled persons in the 21st century. As Article 29 of UNCRPD (United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities) said, all people with disabilities have the same right to take part in politics as other citizens. Convention says that governments must be confirmed about the accessibility of differently-abled persons in the election process. This means: Making sure that the ways of voting and the voting papers are easy to use and understand. Being assured differently-abled people can vote secretly as other citizens can. During the vote, every Govt. can allow an assistant with each differently abled person to express their own choice or to elect easily. This study describes the Electoral Rights of physically and sensory disabled persons and related to this it examines the effectiveness of “The Right to Vote for All” in India. Numerous discrimination differently-abled people have witnessed as they are considered ‘inferior’ and ‘abnormal’ and received uneven treatment. Although the Disability Rights Movement in the 1970s said about equality, the differently abled still faces discrimination to take part in elections. In our country, the exclusion of differently-abled people from political participation takes place at all levels in different ways. The present investigation finds out the issues of differently abled person’s political participation and explores how to cope up with this for political and electoral inclusion.

Distance and Trust: An Examination of the Two Opposing Factors Impacting Adoption of Postal Voting Among Citizens Living Abroad

Postal voting intends to provide citizens residing abroad with a convenient voting technique to influence political representation in their country of origin. However, its adoption among individuals is dependent on two opposing factors. On the one hand, voting via post helps to overcome the increasing distance between a voter’s residency abroad and the nearest polling station organized by a diplomatic mission (mostly at an embassy or a consulate). On the other hand, this way of voting also requires enough trust that the postal service and designated state office will successfully deliver one’s vote to the ballot box because the result cannot be effectively verified without violation of the ballot secrecy. We examine the interaction of these two factors in an originally conducted survey among Finnish citizens residing abroad fielded shortly after the 2019 Parliamentary elections—the first occasion after Finland put postal voting into effect. Altogether, 664 respondents responded to all questions required for our specification of binomial logistic regression models controlling for various potential confounders. The results demonstrate that trust in postal voting moderates the impact of distance on one’s probability to adopt postal voting. While low-trusting emigrant voters remain largely indifferent regardless of the distance to the nearest polling station, medium-trusting non-resident citizens increasingly mail their ballots when the nearest polling station is more than 100 km away. High-trusting individuals begin to increasingly do so when they are ten to 30 km away.

The Acceptance of Electronic Voting Machines in India: A UTAUT approach

Electronic-voting (e-voting) using electronic voting machines (EVMs) is a popular way of voting in select countries, including India. Given their popularity, this research investigates its acceptance using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). This research extends the UTAUT model by integrating the concepts of perceived security (PS) and trust in technology (TR). It further examines the effects of moderating variables of age and gender on the relationships between predictor variables and behavioural intention to use EVMs (BI). The results reveal that performance expectancy (PE), social influence (SI), PS and TR positively impact BI, while effort expectancy (EE) does not impact BI. Age moderates the impact of EE on BI with a stronger relationship for females. Gender moderates the impacts of PE and EE on BI with stronger relationships for males and females, respectively. Unexpectedly, gender moderates the effect of SI on BI with a stronger relationship for males.

Bitcoin tech to restore democracy

The mechanism of cryptocurrency is being applied to a new way of voting

Conceptual Design of E-Voting System for Academic Institution

Voting or casting of lots has become the main method of selecting individuals for a vacant position. There have been several methods of voting practiced over the years, ranging from raising of hand, using ballot papers, and even using pebbles as in the typical case of the Republic of Gambia. It is on this premise that this study was embarked upon to design and implement an effective Online Voting System for Academic Institutions. The concept has been implemented for the Regent University College of Science and Technology in Ghana. The results showed that the online system was outstanding with real-time results of the voting process and easy administrative management. The users of the system which involved students as well as some electoral supervisors realized the online voting system was a better, effective and more efficient way of voting in the school as compared to the paper balloting method of voting. The concept could be extended to all Institutions or organization’s election once the electorates can be identified with unique Identification Numbers. It is recommended that further research and implementation should be conducted to include functionalities or features to enable the visually impaired individuals vote.

The Nitty Gritty: The Unexplored Role of Grit and Perseverance in Voter Turnout

In this paper we consider the role of general motivation, distinct from political motivation, in predicting voter turnout. Drawing on the large-scale, longitudinal Add Health dataset, we show that a measure of grit (i.e., tenacity or perseverance) measured in adolescence is a strong predictor of voter turnout in adulthood. This relationship exists independent of cognitive skills, personality measures, political interest, and many other observed and unobserved individual and contextual factors. To examine the mechanisms behind the observed relationship, we conduct a series of analyses including an original survey experiment that primes a gritty mindset. The results suggest that grittier individuals vote more because they are willing to overcome the obstacles that get in the way of voting. Compared to a control group, individuals primed to have a gritty mindset report a willingness to spend an average of 12 additional minutes waiting in line to vote and report higher levels of political efficacy.

Problematyka lokali wyborczych dostosowanych do potrzeb wyborców niepełnosprawnych w wyborach samorządowych 2014 roku w świetle działań Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich

Despite the introduction of alternative voting procedures in the Polish electoral system, a significant part of disabled or elderly voters declare that they are willing to vote in a traditional way — at the polling station. The survey carried out in March 2014 shows that over 80% of respondents indicated voting at polling stations as the preferred way of voting in an election. A very important issue is the appropriate adaptation of polling stations to the needs of voters with limited mobility. The Electoral Code significantly increases the number of polling stations adapted to the needs of people with disabilities. The head of the commune shall adapt at least 1∕5 of stations by 31 December 2014. However, as indicated by the results of the inspections carried out by the Ombudsman (Human Rights Defender) in November 2014, the vast majority of polling stations designated by the commune as adapted to the needs of people with disabilities were in fact not accessible for this group of voters. At 179 polling stations inspected by employees of the Office of the Ombudsman shortcomings were noted in 151, which accounted for 84% of all buildings visited. It is therefore necessary to take extensive measures for the real fulfilment of the requirements specified by law. A significant proportion of the voters surveyed expressed the view that of all the possible facilities, free transport of voters to the polling station would be the most useful in the next election.

Europeanisation at Work in the Western Balkans and the Black Sea Region: Is There an All-European Way of Voting in the United Nations General Assembly?

Is there an all-European way of voting in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) that transcends the borders of the European Union (EU) and affects, though differentially, the foreign policy of non-EU European states? To answer this question, this paper inquires into the voting behaviour in the UNGA of 12 non-EU states from the Western Balkans and the Black Sea region between 1993 and 2010. It assesses the voting distance of these non-EU states vis-à-vis EU positions, which it models either by proxy (using Luxembourg) or by unanimity. The paper finds that the multilateral diplomacy of most non-EU states has become distinctively convergent with EU preferences. It nevertheless observes notable cross-national variations, which it cannot trace back to differences in the non-EU states' institutional distance to the EU. While acknowledging the role of compliance mechanisms, the paper suggests that other mechanisms (e.g. simple and social learning) may be at work.

Voters' Perceptions of Voting Technology

Despite their unmistakable advantages, the use of voting machines in elections is a topic of vivid debates. This article focuses on the experiences of voters using three types of voting equipment: (a) a paper ballot, (b) a voting machine, and (c) a voting machine with paper audit trail. An independent-groups experiment was conducted in which voters had to cast a vote for a donation to a charity organization and afterwards filled out a questionnaire about their voting experiences. The paper ballot was considered to be the most anonymous way of voting, especially by female voters. The voting machine (with or without paper trail), on the other hand, was considered to be more user-friendly than the paper ballot and gave the voters more confidence that their votes would actually be processed correctly. No differences were found between the voting machine with and without paper audit trail.

Internet Voting Technologies and Civic Participation: The Users’ Perspective

In many places e-voting technologies are under development, and an intensive theoretical and normative debate is taking place about the pros and cons. We investigate the opinions of the users of this type of technologies, as this is crucial for the shaping and acceptance of the technology. We did not use a survey, but held 14 intensive discussion sessions in different countries with voters and organisers of ballots, using the focus groups methodology. We found consensus that e-voting will not influence turnout. The motivation to start with e-voting therefore seems mainly financial, aiming at reducing costs. This suggests that in the future e-voting will replace traditional ways of voting, and therefore the digital divide can be expected to influence the participation in and the outcome of ballots. Finally, although most respondents expect that e-voting may improve (especially local) democracy through a combination of voting technologies with technologies for supporting deliberation and information dissemination, it remains unclear how this should be done. More detailed studies into political participation and the subtle roles of ICT’s herein are needed, as this can inform the design of adequate technologies for e-democracy

Airing your views.

PREP requirements mean that the method of election to the UKCC has to be revised. Paul Hutchinson details the way of voting and the various options, while Debbie Murdock and James McAllister consider the possible outcomes

Le vote désinvesti. Quelques éléments d'analyse des rapports au vote

The indifferent voter. Analysis of electors' relationship with their votes. Daniel Gaxie. [138-164]. The less interested in politics are the citizens, the more likely they are to abstain from voting. At the same time, electoral participation depends on a lot of other factors, especially the feeling of civic duty. Voters are therefore very differents with regard to their concern in the election they participante in. That is the reason why the study of electoral bebaviour must focus on and start with inequally involved citizens' attitude towards their vote. This paper presents some results of an inquity held in the town of Amiens during tbe municipal elections of 1989. Both sarnple survey and thorough interviews were conducted. They show that voters pay unequal attention to the campaign and are unequally familiar with the candidates, the main issues and the results of the election. Their way of voting varies also very much with their degree of concern. Tbe most interested decide tbemselves more often on general and political grunds, even if they are far from the rational voter model. More indifferent citizens' "choice" is more inconsistant and less general, it is frequently made on practical interests of their everyday life or on their evaluation of the personality of one of tbe candidates.