Ways Of Coping Research Articles

Gay Men's Gender Experiences in Police Academy

<p>本研究探討警校男同志在學期間所經驗到校園中性別相關的文化，以及這些經驗對他們產生的影響和相對應之因應與調適。研究以女性主義觀點的敘事研究方法，招募四位正在就學或畢業三年內之警校男同志進行半結構式訪談，採「類別-內容」分析法處理資料。研究結果包含四大部分：（1）警校文化可歸類成三部分:官僚體系、傳統封閉、訓練因素；（2）警校男同志除了受其所身處警校文化影響外，也經驗到警校中的性別文化:反女權、異性戀霸權、陽剛文化；（3）在這些多元因素與壓迫相互交織下，警校男同志在校多數時間經歷來自不同對象（老師、隊部師長、同儕）的恐同與歧視；（4）前述經驗使警校男同志感受到身為校內性少數的孤單感及內化恐同所帶來的不舒適感，同時也發展出不同的因應與調適（直接回應、間接調適、尋求支持）。結論:置身於一個父權、官僚體系、結構性的文化脈絡與體制下，警校男同志確實經驗到歧視與恐同，雖然有發展出一些因應策略以利在此環境中生存下來，但還是感受到很深的孤單感。根據研究結果，本文在教育與輔導實務上，建議警校教師、隊部師長及諮商輔導中心進行性平友善校園活動之推展、相關法規與制度之修訂，並期待校方領導階層能有效帶領警校體制與系統進行相關倡議活動；此外，也建議未來研究可更聚焦多元及性少數學生在警校之處境，以促進多元性別相關議題在這些單位受到重視。</p> <p> </p><p>This study aimed to investigate gay men’s gender experiences, their ways of coping, and what strategies they arm themselves with to fight sexual prejudices at the Taiwan Police Academy. This qualitative study used narrative inquiry, based on feminist perspectives, for data analysis. Four gay men who were currently attending the Taiwan Police Academy or had graduated within three years participated in semi-structured interviews. The analysis of their stories revealed the following: (1) The cultural environment of the Taiwan Police Academy is (a) a bureaucracy that is not conducive to promoting the visibility of gender equality issues, (b) traditional closures that cannot keep up with the evolution of the times, and (c) de-gendered collective life management and training. (2) Gender-related cultures are (a) threatened men’s right and anti-feminism, (b) heterosexual hegemony of lecture arrangement, and (c) masculinity of femininity-rejection. (3) Participants reported experiencing homophobia and discrimination from faculty and peers, as well as the intersectionality of multiple oppression. Homophobia and discrimination can be divided into three categories based on the following three topics: (a) Non-heterosexual sexual orientation, (b) atypical gender expression, and (c) gender difference. The first topic of discrimination can be divided into three subcategories: implicit discrimination, personally experienced discrimination, and common ubiquitous discrimination in everyday life. Discrimination against atypical gender expression was targeted toward men who spoke more feminine. The third type of discrimination against gender differences occurs in gender stereotypes and the misogyny or objectification of women. (4) With respect to impact, there are two phenomena from the finding: (a) Feeling alone was the shared experience of the participants in the homophobic and oppressive environment. They all consistently mentioned that they had few gay friends in police academies. (b) The participants experienced different degrees of internalized homophobia; some said that an unfriendly environment made them less self-accepting because of their gay status, whereas others said they would never want to be gay again in life. Additionally, regarding coping strategies, the participants developed different strategies to deal with the discrimination, isolation, and microaggressions they encountered in schools. These strategies included three types: (1) direct responses (self-deprecating, counterattack, and education in an opportune time); (2) indirect self-regulation (pretending to be heterosexual, intentionally ignoring unfriendly comments, assuming that it can divert attention if viewed from a different respective, and choosing an identity with advantageous attributes); and (3) seeking support from friendly peers, professors, and faculty of student corps (especially Captain, Associate Captain, and Lieutenant); furthermore, some participants availed themselves for counseling and guidance resources. Surrounded by a patriarchal, bureaucratic, and heteronormative system with restrictive structures, gay men at the Taiwan Police Academy had indeed experienced real discrimination and homophobia. Although they had developed different coping strategies to survive in the environment, they still needed to protect their educational status and safety by hiding their sexual minority identity. Implications and recommendations for faculty and counselors to reduce oppression or discrimination against LGBTQIA and students studying at the Taiwan Police Academy were provided based on the findings of this study. In future studies, researchers can explore other sexual minorities in police academies, such as lesbians, bisexuals, and transgenders. Suggestions for Police Academy teaching and team management can be summarized as follows: (1) School leaders take the lead in promoting gender equity education; (2) Implementing gender-related regulations and laws in traditional closures; (3) Create a gender-equal and friendly life management and training space; (4) Create a learning environment free from gender bias and discrimination. Additionally, practical advice to the Counseling Center in the police academy includes how to reduce the stigma associated with counseling and how to explicitly take a gender-friendly stance. This is the first study to investigate the educational experience of sexual minority students, especially gender experiences, at the Taiwan Police Academy. More research on sexual orientation and gender identity experiences at the Taiwan Police Academy is needed to promote an understanding of gender equity in masculine-dominant educational systems.</p> <p> </p>

Lived Experiences Of Senior High School Students Under Modular Learning In English Subject

The COVID-19 Pandemic brought a major change in the Philippine educational system and resulted to the shift of learning modality from in-person learning to distance learning. Ensuring the continuity of education, modular distance learning was implemented in the Philippines. This study explored the lived experiences of the senior high school students in Laguindingan National High School during the school year 2021-2022 under modular learning in English subject. Its primary purpose was to find out the difficulties encountered by the students and their ways of coping with these difficulties. These experiences were identified through a qualitative approach by conducting an online survey involving 60 participants who were selected through random sampling; 30 students from 11 HUMSS A and 30 students from 12 HUMSS A. Thematic analysis was used in coding and analyzing the data. The main difficulties that emerged in this study were students’ difficulty in understanding the lessons and activities; lack of discussion from teachers; insufficient time in answering the modules and poor connectivity. The study also revealed the coping strategies including time management; asking supervision from their teachers; relying on gadget and Internet and seeking family support. These difficulties inverted modular learning into a complex experience for students. Coping strategies involving time management, teacher supervision and family support addressed their difficulties in understanding the lessons and having insufficient time answering the activities. With this, it is encouraged that students and parents should have an open communication and come up with schedules to make sure that students can maintain balance between their studies and household responsibilities. Poor connectivity remained a problem which negated the effectiveness of relying on gadgets and internet. It is recommended that students should be given load assistance to assist them with their problem on poor connectivity. This may be done through an issuance of a loaded sim-card to the students. Additionally, teachers may also employ home visitation to scaffold students with difficulty catching up with the lessons. The result of the study may serve as a ground for the improvement of the existing guidelines and programs on the implementation of modular learning.

Difficulties Faced by Residents and Clues for Solutions: A Qualitative Study.

A complex healthcare system often leads to the high variety experiences among medical postgraduate students. This study aims to reveal the difficulties they face during postgraduate education, their consequences, and coping strategies. This is a phenomenological study conducted by using the maximum diversity strategy from purposive sampling methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 medical residents from different disciplines, 7 step of thematic analysis was applied. The findings were presented under the headings of challenges, outcomes, and ways of coping in line with the research questions. The sub-themes within the "postgraduate medical education" theme were "learning-teaching processes, educators, educational program, interactions, assessment, and evaluation." The sub-themes in the "culture/climate" theme were "academic environment, disruptive behaviors, rules and procedures, and hierarchy." The difficulties experienced by residents in the "health system" theme were examined under the sub-themes of "health care team, health service delivery, payment for service, patients, and their relatives." The sub-themes in the "specialization" theme were "scope and practices of the specialty area" and "perception of the specialty area." The difficulties in the "time/period" theme were analyzed under (1) senior and (2) junior sub-themes. The consequences of difficulties were examined under the themes of "deterioration in well-being and perception of incompetence." Coping with the difficulties was categorized into individual efforts, not expend effort, and getting support themes. Individual efforts were examined under the sub-themes of "sharing difficulties, communication-interaction, being a problem solver, maintaining well-being, and socializing." Sub-themes of getting support were classified as institutional and psychological. It is necessary to understand the phenomenon of "residents" difficulties'. All parts involved in PGME, should be aware that residents are in early adulthood. They have to recognize internal structural constraints, distinguish between internal and external factors. Solutions should go beyond individual development, systematic design and support mechanisms should be established at both institutional and national levels.

PHYSICAL AND BEHAVIOURAL NONNORMATIVITY IN UKRAINIAN POPULAR LITERATURE EXEMPLIFIED BY IVAN BAIDAK’S BOOK THE (UN)NOTICEABLE

The subject of the article is malady-related narratives in the book (Не)поміт- ні [the (Un)noticeable] by Ukrainian writer Ivan Baidak, published in 2021. The analysis is based on the concept of pathography, i.e. a study of the experience of illness and suffering framed in a specific narrative scheme. In the case of the analysed novel, there is an adequate choice of a narrative convention, defined by Arthur W. Frank as Quest Narratives, assuming a positive, “exemplary” image of the way of coping with the disease, and combining it with the psychological category of posttraumatic growth,. Ivan Baidak's book aims to introduce the subject of behavioural dysfunctions and bodily non-normativity to the Ukrainian public discourse.

Perceived Stress and Sources of Stress among University Academics During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Perceived stress is the feelings or thoughts that an individual has about how much stress they are under at a given point in time or over a given time period. Higher education is of paramount importance to the country as universities are the places where knowledge is created through research and invention. To preserve the continuous smooth flow of knowledge creation and dissemination, lecturers play a vital role in the system. Therefore, their mental condition becomes a crucial factor, as stress can lead to various negative consequences. Even though university academics are knowledgeable, many tend to express feelings of experiencing stress in day-to-day life. As there is limited research conducted on the perceived stress among university academics oftwo state universities, this research could bridge the knowledge gap that exists in this regard. The research aims to investigate the perceived stress levels of university academics. The main theoretical framework of this study consisted of the theory of stress and coping developed by Lazarus and Folkman. The study population was comprised of two reputed state universities in Sri Lanka. Of the population of 813 lecturers, a sample of 262 was selected. It was selected to have a confidence level of 95% that the real value is within ±5% of the measured/surveyed value. Seven faculties from each university were selected for this study, and 131 academics from each university were randomly selected to be participants. Although the questionnaire was sent to 262 participants, only 50 of them responded. Convenience sampling was used as the technique for sample selection. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress, and it was used as the instrument in the study. The primary data were gathered through the distribution of questionnaires as Google forms, mainly due to the disturbances in the country. Secondary material was gathered through books and other published research articles. By analysing the gathered data through SPSS, the researcher identified that 96% of the participants suffer from moderate to high stress. This is concerning as they are required to be mentally and physically strong in order to maintain the smooth flow of knowledge creation and dissemination. Some of the participants are engaged in different activities as solutions to stress. However, only 7% of them are engaged in relaxation exercises as a way of coping with stress. This could be mainly due to a lack of awareness regarding the benefits of relaxation exercises. As a researcher, it is important to reiterate the importance of the awareness of perceived stress and the employment of different mechanisms for decreasing stress levels for the betterment of one’s well-being.

Coping, connection appraisal, and well-being during COVID-19 in the U.S., Japan, and Mexico.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected nearly every facet of life, constituting a "new normal" and prompting an ongoing collective psychological crisis. People's ways of coping with the pandemic and corresponding well-being are of particular research interest; however, these constructs have largely been examined using deductive quantitative approaches, deficit-based lenses, and mononational samples. The current mixed-methods study used inductive-sequential (QUAL → QUAN) approaches to explore positive coping strategies (approach coping style and COVID-related connection appraisal) and well-being (loneliness, distress, and happiness) across individuals from the United States, Japan, and Mexico. Qualitative data were gathered from N = 141 U.S., Japanese, and Mexican adults to examine how people perceived connection during the pandemic. Qualitative analyses illuminated common themes in which people appraised the pandemic as an opportunity for connection and strengthened interpersonal relationships. Quantitative measures, including a newly-developed questionnaire on COVID-related connection appraisal, were then administered to a separate sample of N = 302 adults in the U.S, Japan, and Mexico to assess associations among approach coping style, COVID-related connection appraisal, and well-being outcomes (loneliness, distress, happiness). Quantitative analyses found significant associations among approach coping style, COVID-related connection appraisal, and all well-being outcomes. Of note, these associations did not differ by country. COVID-related connection appraisal mediated the relationship between approach coping style and two well-being outcomes (loneliness and happiness). Findings point to approach coping style and connection appraisal as pathways for resilience and growth in the face of global suffering.

Bullying in Schools: Patterns, Reactions, and Intervention Strategies among Adolescents

The purpose of this study is to find out how common, different kinds, and how teens and young adults (12–20 years old) feel about bullying at school. 357 teenagers (N = 357) took part in the study. There were 215 females and 142 males among them. The participants were chosen from North Macedonian schools in Skopje. The participants’ ages were distributed as follows: Ten years (n = 30), eleven years (n = 45), twelve years (n = 77), thirteen years (n = 92), fourteen years (n = 83), and fifteen years (n = 11) A questionnaire was used to get information from 351 subjects about their experiences with being bullied, bullying others, and observing bullying. The poll had both multiple-choice and open-ended questions about things like how often and for how long bullying happens, the different types of bullying, emotional responses, ways of coping, practices for getting help, and how people feel about interventions. As a result, bullying practices were found to be very common. Most of teenagers who participated had been victims, perpetrators, or observers of bullying. The pparticipants talked about different kinds of bullying, such as physical violence, comments, being left out of social groups, and cyberbullying. From the total number 50.1% or of them have been bullied 39.5% or 177 of them were at least once bullied. Among the common forms of bullying 64 or 36% of them have been exposed in insulting, gossip with 33.7 % or 60 of them, physical impact is the following form of bullying among 13.5% or 24 of them and threats in 12.9% or 23 participants. Other distributions are in smaller percentages 9.6% are other forms of bullying, following by exclusion from school groups with 9%, insults via mobile 6.7%, cyberbullying with 2.2% or 4 participants. While witnesses reacted in a variety of ways, ranging from passive observation to active involvement, victims often described negative emotions such as sadness, fear, and a sense of helplessness. Some of the most important things that led to bullying were found to be personal traits, family relationships, the school setting, and social effects. Notably, treatments like activities that raise knowledge about bullying and help from school psychologists were seen as effective ways to reduce bullying incidents. These results make it clear how important it is to have complete anti-bullying programs that deal with the many aspects of bullying and offer specialized help to victims, bullies, and onlookers.

Trabalho na pandemia da covid-19: estratégias de enfrentamento e repercussões entre os profissionais da saúde

ABSTRACT This study aimed to develop a theoretical model about frontline care work during the COVID-19 pandemic, considering the ways of coping and the repercussions on the health of the professionals involved. This is a qualitative research with a methodological reference of Grounded Theory in the structuralist approach of Strauss and Corbin, carried out in a university hospital. With theoretical sampling of the population and formation of two sample groups, 24 professionals participated, including nurses, physiotherapists, doctors and nursing technicians. Data collection was carried out with in-depth interviews. Data analysis occurred through open, axial and selective coding, using the Atlas Ti 22.0 software. The results achieved made it possible to elucidate the theoretical model with the central category Working on the care frontline in the COVID-19 pandemic’, supported by five categories, according to the paradigmatic circumstances of the conditions; action/interaction; and the consequences. The theoretical model developed may contribute to the planning and development of institutional strategies for coping with critical periods, characterized by increased demand for health services, the presence of a highly transmissible etiological agent and, mainly, impact on the health of professionals, with suffering and illnesses among those involved in the care front line.

Stress Level and Smoking Behavior

Stress is one of the common mental health problems in today's society. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between stress levels and smoking behavior. Smoking is a habit that is detrimental to health and can be a risk factor for a variety of serious diseases. However, many individuals who smoke may claim that smoking is their way of coping with stress. Data for the study were obtained through interviews and questionnaires given to several participants involved in smoking behavior. The data collected included stress levels, smoking history, and motivation to smoke. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between stress levels and smoking behavior. Individuals who experience higher levels of stress tend to be more likely to smoke or smoke more frequently. In addition, the study also revealed that many smoking participants reported that they smoked as a way to cope with stress. This study has important implications for treatments and interventions in reducing smoking. Understanding that stress can be a trigger for smoking can help in designing more effective evidence-based programs to help individuals cope with stress without having to rely on cigarettes. Better prevention and treatment efforts for individuals who smoke should also consider stress management as an important part of treatment. As such, the study could provide a better view of the complex relationship between stress and smoking and provide a foundation for better public health improvements in tackling the smoking problem

Психоэндокринные характеристики курсантов ОВД

<p style="text-align: justify;">The characteristics of 79 cadets of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (mean age — 20.3±2.3 years) were studied: 26.6% male and 73.4% female. Signs of stress, coping, level of anxiety and depression were studied. Stressful stimuli were presented by showing images of dangerous situations and incidents, as well as loud, negatively socially colored sounds. The levels of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in saliva before and after presentation of stressful stimuli were determined. It was revealed that male cadets are characterized by high levels of cortisol and DHEA before stress, with a decrease after presentation. The group of female cadets was characterized by normal hormone indices. Profiles of reaction to stress were formed. Two pro-files were identified in the group of male cadets. The first one corresponded to destructive ways of coping with stress, depression and anxiety expression, normal dynamics of hormone indices after stress; the second one — low level of anxiety and depression, high level of coping planning-solving problems, decrease of cortisol and DHEA level after stress. For female cadets, 3 profiles were distinguished. The first was characterized by the absence of signs of stress, positive reassessment of stress, normal dynamics of hormones; the second — low level of stress, non-expressiveness of coping escape and increase of hormones after stress; the third — expression of signs of stress, coping self-control, and decrease of hormones after stress.</p>

Awareness, Knowledge and Attitudes of the Brussels and Flemish-Brabant Population towards Paternal Perinatal Depression in Belgium

Introduction: Paternal perinatal depression (PPND) occurs in 10% of fathers, which implies an important burden for families and public health services. A better understanding of the population awareness on the topic is essential to adequately identify and adequately support these cases.
 Objective: This study aims to investigate the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of the Brussels and Flemish-Brabant population in Belgium towards PPND, using the validated Depression in Dads (DDads) questionnaire.
 Methods: A two-strands descriptive study was conducted in the Brussels’ Capital Region and in the province of Flemish Brabant, Belgium between March-May 2020 and March-May 2021. The sample included 314 adults, aged 18-65 years, Flemish speaking, and living in the previously cited provinces. The DDads Questionnaire was administered online via LimeSurvey© (an encrypted and secured online data collection service) due to the COVID-19 social distancing measures. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS 28.0 SPSS© Statistics for Windows©. Ethical approval was obtained from the Brussels’ University Hospital and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) committees.
 Results: In the case of respondents, anxiousness was the most frequently cited mental health problem as experienced by men during their partners’ pregnancy (82.4%) and during the postnatal period (68.4%). Although well recognized as mental health issue, and as a general health concern, paternal depression had low recognition by respondents, and it was considered by 37.3% of them as being “normal” during the process of fatherhood. New personality traits such as (withdrawal, avoidance, isolation, indecision, or irritability, amongst others) were regarded as a common symptom of PPND by 64.6% of respondents. When asked about best ways of coping -in the case of paternal depression- non-pharmacological approaches were mostly preferred. In the case of experiencing PPND, the main advice was to ask for support from informal networks (family or friends) whilst professional support from the mental health services was suggested only as a secondary option. Over 70% of respondents believed that paternal depression requires from a specialized treatment though. Only 39.2% of the respondents agreed that all men should be screened for depression symptoms during pregnancy, and 43.0% of participants agreed that those symptoms should also be checked after delivery.
 Conclusion: Attitudes towards PPND appeared to be diverse. PPND and perinatal mental health terms seem to be poorly understood. A clear need to increase awareness concerning men’s mental health during pregnancy (of their partners) and PPND is patent. Better awareness may help fathers in difficulty to be identified earlier, for them to be better attended during this process, and to decrease PPND rates and ultimately improve perinatal mental health. 

Интерпассивность как стратегия сохранения субъекта

The article is devoted to the analysis of paradoxical human behavior, which is expressed in the delegation of one's own pleasure or other personal experience to another. The concept of interpassivity developed by R. Pfaller and S. Žižek The concept of interpassivity, developed by R. Pfaller and S. Žižek, turns out to be directly related to the problem of preserving the subject in conditions where people outsource more and more of their functions, face the fragmentation of their own existence, and fall under the power of temptation to abandon awareness and responsibility. It is concluded that the spread of interpassive forms of behavior is associated with the dictate of activity in the modern experience of subjectivity. Man is forced to increase activity in order to meet the rhythm of life at high speeds. But at the same time, being overloaded with demands, he looks for ways to escape from this kind of pressure. Delegating experience to another is a way of coping with alienation, preserving oneself and asserting one's own subjectivity.

Ghosting: Abandonment in the Digital Era

This entry synthesizes the multidisciplinary literature on ghosting published through late 2023 across psychological and social science journals. Search terms include “ghosting” and “online dating”. Both quantitative and qualitative studies are included. The rise in ghosting can be attributed to advancements in technology and the increased popularity of dating apps. It is defined as an abrupt one-sided ending, without explanation, of an established friendship/romantic or other communication connection. The prevalence of ghosting has increased, as reported by both ghosters (i.e., persons who stopped responding) and ghostees (i.e., persons who were “dumped”). Individuals characterized by dark triad traits (i.e., psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism) are more likely than others to be ghosters. These individuals have a history of using ghosting as their preferred method of ending relationships without concern for its negative impact on ghostees or, indeed, on themselves. The psychological effects of ghosting can influence mental health, although most individuals ultimately find ways of coping.

Relationship between stress and coping strategies of caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer's Disease

This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the relationship between stress and coping strategies of 126 caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer's Disease. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the sociodemographic, health and care profile of the elderly, the Perceived Stress Scale and the Ways of Coping with Problems Scale. Data analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, asymmetry and kurtosis coefficients, bootstrapping procedures, Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, independent student's t-test, One-Way Anova and Tukey's Post-Hoc (p < 0.05). It was found that stress presented a significant (p < 0.05), moderate and negative correlation with the problem-focused coping strategy, in addition to a positive and moderate correlation with the emotion-focused strategy. Coping strategies focused on the problem (β = -0.54; p < 0.001) and emotion (β = 0.33; p < 0.001) presented a significant prediction on the caregivers' perception of stress. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the problem-focused strategy appears to contribute to reducing caregivers' perception of stress, while the emotion-focused strategy appears to contribute positively to stress.

Преодоление стрессовых ситуаций и профессиональное выгорание у медицинских сестер: анализ сети

The relevance of the research is due to the fact that methods of coping with stress are an important predictor of professional burnout. However, previous studies have focused on the assessment of two-dimensional correlations, and did not take into account the complex structure of connections of coping methods both with each other and with the symptoms of professional burnout. The use of a network approach allows us to overcome this limitation. The purpose of the study is to reconstruct the network of correlations between the ways of coping with stressful situations and professional burnout and also to describe this network. The research hypothesis that ways of coping with stressful situations form clusters of nodes which are connected with each other and with burnout symptoms, contributing to the manifestation of nurses’ burnout. Participants: 97 nurses (Udmurt Republic) aged from 24 to 71 years old (M = 46.58; SD = 9.54) with work experience from 2 to 53 years (M = 24.95; SD = 9.92). Methods: “Dealing with Difficult Life Situations Questionnaire” (by W. Janke, G. Erdmann), which allows to evaluate 20 dispositional ways to overcome stressful situations, and “Maslach Burnout Inventory for Medical Personnel” (by C. Maslach, S. Jackson), aimed at studying the symptoms of burnout; network analysis. Results: the study has revealed that ways of coping with stressful situations form intercorrelated clusters. The nodes of the first cluster are aimed at reducing stress and are associated with professionalism as a symptom of burnout, and the nodes of the second cluster contribute to stress growing and are associated with emotional exhaustion and cynicism. The central node of the first cluster is the desire to successfully solve the problem, and the central node of the second cluster is the inability to distract from the problem. Conclusion: the results obtained are consistent with the previous studies, but clarify them. The study describes the activation specifics of the identified patterns based on the structure of correlations, which makes it possible to predict the response of the network under study to psychological influences. Practical significance: the research results can be useful for identifying indicators of professional burnout based on the observed patterns of stress management. The study is the first one carried out in this area on the basis of a network approach.

The Moderating Role of Health Status on the Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Cannabis Vaping.

Cannabis vaping is increasing among college students. There is little information on risk factors for vaping cannabis. Consistent with the self-medication hypothesis, experiencing depressive symptoms and having a chronic medical condition (CMC) are associated with cannabis use among young adults. Individuals who experience both risk factors may be at higher risk for cannabis vaping. This study examined cross-sectional associations between depressive symptoms, CMC status, and cannabis vaping, and identified the moderating role of CMC status on depressive symptoms and cannabis vaping. College students (N = 3,742) self-reported on depressive symptoms, CMC status, and lifetime and current cannabis vaping (i.e., cannabis vaporizers; electronic nicotine devices to use cannabis). Data were collected Fall 2017 until Spring 2021. The sample was predominantly female (70.9%) and White (75.4%). Regression analyses were used. Greater depressive symptoms were related to increased likelihood of cannabis vaping across outcomes. Having a CMC was related to lifetime history of cannabis vaporizing. CMC status moderated the associations between depressive symptoms and lifetime cannabis vaporizing. Depressive symptoms were only a risk factor for cannabis vaporizing among college students without a CMC, not those with a CMC. Interventions that teach adaptive ways of coping with depressive symptoms and the potential demands of managing a CMC in college are needed. Comprehensive programs for college students, with and without CMCs, are needed to support those with comorbid depression and cannabis vaping use.

The ethical coping and solution of stressful situations of social workers: Case of the Office of Labor, Social Affairs and Family in Slovakia

<p>Ethics, human behavior and stress management are concepts that accompany each person’s private and professional life. As thoughtful beings, we encounter unpleasant or stressful situations every day. In the comfort of home, behind closed doors, people resort to various ways of coping with stress, but when they are in common work areas, close to clients or colleagues, the inability to escape from stress often provokes inappropriate reactions and behavior. The obligation to behave ethically is all the higher, the closer contact with clients has the employee. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the state of ethical coping and solution of stressful situations of a social workers in the Office of Labor, Social Affairs and Family in the selected city in Slovakia and then propose recommendations that could improve the situation.</p>

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Depressive Symptoms, Including Clinical and Subthreshold Levels, and Eating Behaviors in First-Year University Students

Introduction: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, university students experienced unusual environmental stresses, and the number of university students with depressive symptoms increased. The pandemic had a profoundly negative impact on the mental health of first-year students because they were not prepared to face academic and social stresses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on depressive symptoms, eating behaviors, and stress-coping ability among first-year university students. Methods: A total of 8,424 first-year students, 2,043 males and 1,636 females who entered university in Japan in 2021–2022 (during the pandemic) and 2,912 males and 1,833 females who entered university in Japan in 2018–2019 (before the pandemic), participated. We investigated the differences in depressive symptoms (using Beck Depression Inventory II [BDI-II]), eating behaviors (using Eating Attitudes Test-26 [EAT-26] and Bulimic Inventory Test, Edinburgh [BITE]), and stress coping (using Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations [CISS], which has three subscales) between first-year students before and during the pandemic. We divided the students into three categories (clinical, subthreshold, and nonsymptomatic) according to depressive symptoms and eating behaviors based on BDI-ll and EAT-26 scores and compared the frequencies of the three categories at two time points. Results: First-year students during the pandemic showed a higher percentage of depressive symptoms, including clinical and subthreshold levels, than first-year students before the pandemic but did not show disordered eating behaviors. Additionally, the CISS task-oriented score was significantly lower for students with depressive symptoms, including clinical and subthreshold levels, during the pandemic than before the pandemic in females. Conclusions: This study suggests that it may be important to provide first-year university students with more information about depressive symptom awareness, including clinical and subthreshold levels, and to provide appropriate ways for stress coping from many angles and early support in pandemic conditions.

‘Nobody Has any Intention of Building a Wall’ Some Reflections on the EU’s New-Found Assertiveness in the Sphere of Trade and Investment

A major trend in international economic law during the last decades concerns the simultaneous rise of geopolitization and securitization. In today’s world, states increasingly pursue their interests not by classic military or political means, but rather through a clever application of particular economic and investment policies. To confront the concomitant challenges, the European Union has newly embraced a creed of ‘open strategic autonomy’ (OSA): a formula that is intended as a way of coping with the changing international environment, while at the same time remaining receptive to most ordinary commercial opportunities. Concerns have been raised however that the Union’s posture might well incite (or serve as a pretext for) old-fashioned protectionism, and is likely to trigger various forms of retaliatory action. The question thus arises to what extent, with this stated goal, the EU is able to weather or withstand the aforementioned trends. The current paper, after assessing the ambition’s key merits and reviewing its recent application in a number of sectoral domains, purports to showcase that, as long as certain preconditions are fulfilled, the pursued objective may actually be labelled as timely and apposite, not least in light of the positioning of other global actors. If correct, the exposé presents a soothing response to the ever more vocal criticisms of a perceived European tendency to ‘go it alone’. open strategic autonomy, geo-economics, EU, WTO, foreign direct investment, anticoercion instrument, foreign subsidies regulation, carbon border adjustment mechanism

Perspectives of people with young-onset dementia on future quality of life: a qualitative interview study with implications for advance care planning

Introduction:Advance care planning (ACP), one of the key domains of palliative care, enables individuals to define and discuss goals and preferences for future treatment and care with family and healthcare professionals. By exploring the views of people with dementia on quality of life now and in the future, including the end of life, care provisions can be tailored to their values. The perspectives of people with young-onset dementia (YOD), with a symptom onset before the age of 65, may differ from those of older people with dementia given the different life phase and family context. Qualitative research methods can be used to elicit the attitudes and beliefs to generate insight into their perspectives.Methods:Qualitive study, as part of the Care4Youngdem-study, using semi-structured interviews with a criterion-based purposive sample of community-dwelling people with YOD (n=10) and their (family) caregivers in the Netherlands. We adapted the interview guide based on discussion of the transcripts. Double coding of three interviews resulted in a codebook. The codes were subsequently analysed through thematic analysis.Results:Interviews took place between December 2019 and February 2022. The most prevalent dementia subtype was Alzheimer’s (n=7). Four overarching themes, based on 21 categories, were derived from the interviews: (1) connectedness with others, (2) sense of dignity, (3) acceptance versus no acceptance of the impact of dementia, (4) concerning oneself with the future versus not wishing to concern oneself with the future. Connectedness with others and a sense of dignity were deemed prerequisites for (future) quality of life but were affected by YOD. These themes overlapped in terms of axial codes. Ambiguities were seen in the attitude towards the impact of YOD and the preparation for the future. The degree of acceptance of YOD affected the orientation towards the future.Discussion:Family and professional caregivers should discuss with people with YOD how to maintain connectedness with others and a sense of dignity. Opposite ways of coping with the present and future were found. Professional caregivers should take personal coping styles into account when starting ACP conversations.