Way For Farmers Research Articles

The effect of agricultural scale management on farmers' income from a dual-scale perspective: Evidence from rural China

The development of agricultural scale management is a common trend in the world. A new way of agricultural scale management has emerged in rural China, which we call the dual-scale coordinated management. This study theoretically analyzes the relationship between land scale management and service scale management in order to clarify the principle of the generation of the dual-scale coordinated management, and empirically estimates its effect on farmers' income, and further explores the mechanism using the data collected from 752 households in Liaoning Province of China in 2021. The results show that the characteristic of the relationship is “high coupling, low coordination”; the dual-scale coordinated management has a significant positive effect when the coupling coordination degree is above 0.46; it can increase the income of farmers by optimizing the allocation of land and labors; technical training, agricultural insurance, market development level, and village location can improve the coupling coordination degree of dual-scale management. The results imply that land scale management and service scale management are not opposed or divided, and the dual-scale coordinated management can be regarded as a third way for agricultural scale management. This study can provide new insights for the ways of farmers' production and management transformation.

Reduksi Limbah Jerami Dan Sekam Padi Sebagai Pakan Ternak Alternatif

The quantity of straw and rice husk waste remains a crucial problem to be solved, especially in Maggenrang Village, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi, so an alternative way for farmers to reduce it is through the combustion process that will add the problem of the impact of temporary air pollution but is harmful to the health of other residents. Therefore, community service is carried out to provide innovative solutions to the Eccengnge’ Farmer Group in Maggenrang Village by transforming rice straw and husk through the delignification process, which is continued by making animal feed pellets. The method of implementing this activity is carried out with three main stages: counseling, training, and mentoring to partners. The results showed an increase in partners' skills with three evaluation components, namely knowledge with a rise of 90% and production and supporting skills with an increase of 90% and 80%. Increasing skills for partners provides potential business opportunities by adding value to straw and rice husk waste into products with high commercial value, thus supporting the fulfillment of alternative, independent feed by the Maggenrang Village government based on local potential.

Exploring the Role of Smartphone Apps for Livestock Farmers Data Management Extension and Informed Decision Making in Nigeria

This research explores the role of smartphone apps in supporting livestock farmers in data management, extension services, and informed decision-making. The study investigates the potential benefits and challenges associated with the adoption and use of smartphone apps in the livestock farming sector. The findings reveal that smartphone apps provide a convenient and efficient way for farmers to record and analyse data, enabling real-time monitoring and data-driven decision-making. These apps also act as effective tools for extending agricultural information to farmers, providing access to resources and creating virtual communities for knowledge sharing. Moreover, smartphone apps empower farmers to make informed decisions by providing real-time information on weather, market prices, and disease alerts. However, challenges such as reliable internet connectivity, technical literacy, and the accuracy of app-based information need to be addressed for successful app adoption. Overall, smartphone apps have the potential to revolutionize livestock farming by enhancing data management, extending agricultural knowledge, and enabling informed decision-making, requiring collaboration among farmers, app developers, extension services, and policymakers. However, it is important to note that while smartphone apps can supplement traditional extension services, they should not be seen as a complete replacement, as access to reliable internet connectivity and technical literacy can pose limitations in some rural areas. It is therefore, essential to ensure that the data and information provided by these apps are accurate, reliable, and context-specific. Farmers should be cautious of potential biases and limitations in the algorithms used by these apps and should supplement the app-based information with their own knowledge and experience.

Green Energy Generated in Single-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells Using Tomato Waste

This research used tomato waste as a substrate (fuel) in Single Chamber-Microbial Fuel Cells (scMFC) on a small scale. The electrochemical properties were monitored, the functional groups of the substrate were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR) and a microbiological analysis was performed on the electrodes in order to identify the microorganisms responsible for the electrochemical process. The results show voltage peaks and an electrical current of 3.647 ± 0.157 mA and 0.957 ± 0.246 V. A pH of 5.32 ± 0.26 was measured in the substrate with an electrical current conductivity of 148,701 ± 5849 mS/cm and an internal resistance (Rint) of 77. 517 ± 8.541 Ω. The maximum power density (PD) displayed was 264.72 ± 3.54 mW/cm2 at a current density (CD) of 4.388 A/cm2. On the other hand, the FTIR spectrum showed a more intense decrease in its peaks, with the compound belonging to the phenolic groups being the most affected at 3361 cm−1. The micrographs show the formation of a porous biofilm where molecular identification allowed the identification of two bacteria (Proteus vulgaris and Proteus vulgaris) and a yeast (Yarrowia lipolytica) with 100% identity. The data found show the potential of this waste as a source of fuel for the generation of an electric current in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way, generating in the near future a mechanism for the reuse of waste in a beneficial way for farmers, communities and agro-industrial companies.

Role of the interaction space in shaping innovation for sustainable agriculture: Empirical insights from African case studies

The challenges of climate change, food insecurity and land degradation have all led to a push for ‘scaling’ innovation for sustainable agriculture. For this purpose, international agricultural development projects often use farm trials or farmer field schools as a way for farmers to engage with technically-constructed knowledge and empirical evidence. However, the role of such trials in the socio-political construction of knowledge is often overlooked. This study conceptualises agricultural development interventions as taking place within an interaction space between researchers and farmers. Unpacking the processes and dynamics of the interaction space from four case studies across Malawi and mainland Tanzania, we present findings which evaluate: 1) how agricultural innovation takes place in the context of funded agricultural development projects, and 2) how space for technical and social knowledge construction can be opened up or closed down in these contexts.Results show that farm trials provide a basis for interaction, but that knowledge exchange in these contexts also require knowledge brokers for successful implementation and scaling. Both knowledge brokers, and the trials themselves shape social dynamics, often simultaneously facilitating social learning for some, but contributing to social exclusions for others. A strong connection was identified between the design of the interaction space and social dynamics evident within it, indicative of the close interconnection between the processes of socio-political and technical construction of knowledge. Key factors open or close the interaction space, such as the continuity of knowledge brokers and the complexity of technologies. Improving the effectiveness of innovation for sustainable agriculture, requires opening up the interaction space to enable more effective and sustained co-creation of technologies, social learning and the collaborative construction of shared knowledge.

Early Warning System for Fire Catcher in Rain Forest of Sumatera Using Thermal Spots

This research’s goals were clear agricultural land in large tropical forests, it is usually very difficult to control because it requires no small amount of money for farmers. The burning method of tropical forest land is a cheap way for farmers to start farming and saves energy. Unfortunately, this method can increase the impact on health and environmental damage. There are several research on burning forest land for agriculture but there are still many weaknesses and shortcomings in the application of the applied method. Therefore, a model was designed to detect and reduce the weaknesses and shortcomings of each method applied in optimizing the detection and reduction of error rates in forest burning that can cause forest fires using the 4.0 technology method. In designing of the Early Warning System Model for Fire Catcher in the rain forest of Jambi, Sumatra, the methods used are literature study, analysis method with hotspots information system (hotspots) and Earth data, NASA. The analytical method in the form of action research is intended to examine the problems faced by the Forestry Service of the Province of Sumatra and the tropical forests of Sumatra. Forestry Service Unit in Sumatra Province as a sample. The design method is used to design a new application system based on data taken from interviews with the forestry service in the form of Intellectual Property Rights that can provide solutions to problem identification. In designing the Early Warning System Model for Fire Catcher in the rain forest of Jambi, Sumatra as the outcome of the first-year research that the methods used are literature study, analysis method with hotspot information system and Earth data, NASA. The design of the Intellectual Property Rights Model uses PHP, MySQL. The result to be achieved is the success of the early warning system model to detect forest fires also the widespread publication in Indonesia in the first year of this research.

Crop Water Requirement Predication in Automated Drip Irrigation System Using IoT

The project "Crop Water Requirement Prediction in Automated Drip Irrigation System using IoT" aims to develop a system that optimizes water usage in agricultural irrigation by predicting crop water requirements. By employing IoT devices, sensors, and data analytics techniques, the system aims to enhance water efficiency, reduce water waste, and improve crop yield.The system utilizes soil moisture sensors to measure real-time soil moisture levels and collects weather data from external sources. These inputs are processed and analyzed using data analytics techniques to predict crop water requirements based on specific crop information and growth stages. An automated drip irrigation system, controlled by IoT devices, delivers water directly to the plant's root zones based on the predicted water requirements.The project's objectives include evaluating the accuracy of crop water requirement predictions, assessing water savings achieved compared to traditional irrigation methods, and monitoring crop health and yield. The collected data is analyzed to gain insights into irrigation strategies, weather conditions, and resource optimization. The user interface provides a convenient way for farmers to monitor and control the system, ensuring an asvaluable tool for enhancing driver safety.

Regional differences and threshold effects of labor transfer affecting the technical efficiency of China's agricultural industry: A case study of the apple industry.

Apples, as a typical agricultural product with high added value, play a significant role in increasing farmers' income and promoting regional economic growth. They have become one of the main ways for farmers to develop agricultural and sideline products in China's Loess Plateau and Bohai Rim region. Based on panel data for provinces from 2007 to 2020, this study used stochastic frontier analysis to calculate the technical efficiency of apple production in China's major apple-producing areas and then introduced urbanization rate as the threshold variable. Based on the quantity, quality, and structure of the rural labor force, the threshold model was used to empirically analyze the effect of labor transfer at different stages of urbanization on industrial technical efficiency in the main apple-producing areas. The results showed that labor transfer had an obvious negative effect on apple production. The labor transfer at the national level has had an obvious negative impact on the output of the apple industry, and the impact of labor transfer on the technical efficiency of China's apple industry is significantly different; that is, the impact of labor outflow on the technical efficiency of apple production is different in different regions. In some areas, the technical efficiency of production in the main apple-producing areas can be significantly improved. Finally, the proportion of the labor force showed significant differences in its effect on technical efficiency in different stages of urbanization.

Possible ways to save seeds of tomato varieties in Kyrgyzstan

This research summarizes practical experience on possible ways of restoring and developing seed production of heritage selection tomato varieties in the conditions of southern Kyrgyzstan. At the moment, providing farmers, especially in remote areas, with high-quality and selected seeds of local tomato varieties is difficult. In order to meet the needs of farmers in seeds, measures were taken to organize a seed plot, undergo special training on the technology of tomato production for seeds and create a “community seed bank”. The research material was the local selection variety Bishkek and the heritage released tomato variety Volgogradsky 5/95. The research results have shown that the most acceptable way for farmers to preserve, restore and distribute the heritage selection tomato varieties of Bishkek and Volgogradsky 5/95 was to create a seed exchange network in local communities. During the implementation of the project, joint research work was performed with farmers to assess the yield, seed productivity, selection of fruits for seeds of the studied tomato varieties. Due to the efforts of farmers, endangered tomato seeds have become available through the “community seed bank” for rural residents in remote areas of Batken region.

The Pretreatment Methods and Influence Factors During Anaerobic Fermentation of Straw: A Review

Straw is a common agricultural waste; its quantity is huge. In 2018, China produced 110 million tons of waste straw. The traditional way for farmers to treat straw is to burn it. However, burning straw will cause serious air pollution. At the same time, straw can be used to produce biogas via anaerobic fermentation, which is a clean and renewable energy source. Therefore, the research on anaerobic fermentation of straw is widely concerned. Straw is difficult to ferment directly because of its composite structure of lignin and cellulose. Therefore, straw needs to be pretreated. This review summarizes the previous research results in recent years on main straw pretreatment methods and factors affecting the efficiency of anaerobic fermentation of straw. In addition, the solutions to the problems existing in anaerobic fermentation of straw were put forward. This review could provide guidance for the follow-up research on anaerobic fermentation of straw.

Banana Leaf Disease Detection Using Deep Learning Approach

Abstract: India is an agriculture based country. A major part of population depend on agriculture for their income. In such a case, where agriculture is important for survival, plant diseases are a real problem and prove to be an obstacle in the way of farmers. In some cases, a majority of yield has to face damage because of late detection of diseases. This has a direct effect on the life of farmers and they have to bear a loss. To avoid these negative impacts we have developed a project for detection of diseases in banana plant. Using the technologies and techniques of machine learning and deep learning such as image processing, Convolutional Neural Networks, etc. we have implemented a machine learning model which helps in early detection of various diseases in banana plant and thus minimizes the loss of yield. The farmers will be able to detect diseases in their crop and hence carry out necessary precautionary measures to prevent further spread of diseases .

Online or offline? The impact of environmental knowledge acquisition on environmental behavior of Chinese farmers based on social capital perspective

With the development of mobile internet, Chinese farmers have started to access diversified information through social media, on one hand, based on breadth of information. On the other hand, as most farmers still live in rural areas, their socio-economic characteristics and lifestyles are in homogeneous acquaintance social network relationships, i.e. interpersonal interactions in offline homogeneous networks are still considered as the way for farmers to access homogeneous information (breadth of information depth). Based on social capital theory, social networks are structural social capital where trust and reciprocity are known as a relational social capital. Further, this study divides structural social capital into connective social capital (social media access to information) and bonding social capital (offline interpersonal interaction access to information) based on the differences in their information sources. The empirical study finds that structural social capital has a positive impact on farmers’ environmental knowledge acquisition which influences their environmental behavior. In addition, relational social capital (trust and reciprocity) plays a mediating role in the influence of structural social capital on farmers’ environmental behavior.

Pemanfaatan Komunikasi Inovasi Digital Pertanian Perkotaan di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Communication of innovation in agriculture is a way for farmers not only to seek information about agriculture in an innovative way but also how to explore and share information with fellow farmers in an innovative way to increase their agricultural productivity. During the pandemic, due to restrictions on gatherings, counseling is carried out in an innovative way, namely digital. The purpose of this study was to determine the readiness of extension workers and supporting facilities for digital agriculture and extension, to determine the factors that influence the level of empowerment of farmers in the city of Bogor. This study uses quantitative research methods which are strengthened by qualitative data. The location of the research was determined deliberately in the city of Bogor, which has good urban agriculture. The results show that extension workers are ready to face digital counseling and the communication support facilities for digital innovation in the city of Bogor are good for digital counseling. the level of empowerment of farmers directly affects the productivity of farmers and indirectly positively influenced by; environmental support, farmer innovation activities, and individual characteristics of farmers.

An Elegy for Lucille Clifton, and: My First Gun, and: Requiem for the Coupe de Ville

An Elegy for Lucille Clifton, and: My First Gun, and: Requiem for the Coupe de Ville Afaa M. Weaver (bio) An Elegy for Lucille Clifton … onto a heathen country … —from "slaveships" It's the old Shirley Highway, the roada woman inspired, flat in the curves,the way for farmers to go home. I turn to hear the way you reach deepin the crevice of a tale to let me knowthe secrets of how to get through. there is a fire in the hills, are we lost? It's my father's last new car, the greenChevy he bought from Charlie Irishjust as I was getting to know the price. Mill towns drop out of the lips of clouds,the way Buffalo must have puffedat night, and I know the legend you are. there is a fire in the hills, are we lost? If a radio could catch the frequencyof a magic woman with ears to heaven,it would sit still now between us. The words rise up from the waywe lose time in the fold of bye and bye,the slipped anacrusis of gospels. there is a fire in the hills, are we lost? [End Page 85] My First Gun Not even a week out of prison he stickingthe thing in my face, six-inch barrel, twenty-twoor thirty-eight, ages I just might not make. Minding my business is minding hisin our world, the top of the hill, high pointof the valley, Milton Avenue, our grave. This is a world folk will name with cameras,The Corner and later The Wire, sad storiesof children not yet born, our children, cherubs. A gun changes things, changes your mind,not even a week out of prison he stickingthe thing in my face, and I count the chambers. Six chambers, six the sum of two times sacred three,three the number of parts of God or a liquor bottle,the cap, the head, the body, a shallow torso to break. A gun changes things, changes your black mind,makes you want one to talk back to the one pointingin your face, but dumb guns don't talk. They wait. When they speak, they speak in thunder, the loudtap on the body to demand that it open itself up,edges of black skin screaming, falling away. [End Page 86] Requiem for the Coupe de Ville If I can borrow that lament for a guitar and sayyou took a fine time to leave me, B. B. Kingwon't mind that I ache that way when I seewhat time has done to the cruiser that took menaway from the tightness of life in mills, on docks,to let them roll around the block in luxuryand power, let them command the windowswith buttons and cool their own air when airin houses had no choice, what they have doneto the long way a Cadillac took a corner, the hoodemblem like the prow of a ship parting the asphaltto announce the kingly way we owned pavementsand alleys before the sheets of plywood covereddoorways where mothers sat with hair greaseand plaited their daughters' hair on Saturdays,before the blank empty nothings grew in spaceswhere our homes once stood, the absence nowthe rubble, what time has done to the rubber matswe brushed and scrubbed with Comet, detailssummed up in what car washing has come to be,detailing—an age where the engine and the wiresare an internet, and the steady hum of V8s comesunder the list of options in memories of big cars,the rolling thrones of men who announced twelvehour shifts, missing limbs, sweat and sweetpotatoes lying upside one another as if to makean act of love in the plate, food they paid forin jobs that proved the miracle of a black faithin payment for believing in what would notbelieve in them, the hard windows that plannedtheir lives the way men washed these cars, theseprizes for getting up inside a day that wantedto knock them...

Zinc application promotes nitrogen transformation in rice rhizosphere soil by modifying microbial communities and gene expression levels

Application of Zn fertilizers to agricultural field is a simple and effective way for farmers to manage Zn deficient stress in soils to avoid yield lose. Although a synergistic effect of Zn on N transformation in soil has been reported, the mechanism is not fully understood yet. In this study, we planted rice in soils with different combinations of Zn and N supply, and analyzed the plant growth and N uptake, the N transformation, microbial communities, enzyme activities and gene expression levels in rhizosphere soil to reveal the underlying mechanism. Results showed that Zn application promoted the rice growth and N uptake, increased the soil alkali-hydrolyzed N and NH4+, but decreased NO3− and inhibited NH3 volatilization from the rhizosphere soil under optimal N condition. Zn supply significantly increased the relative abundances of Sphingomonas, Gaiella, subgroup_6, and Gemmatimonas, but decreased nitrosifying bacteria Ellin6067; while increased saprophytic fungi Schizothecium and Mortierella, but decreased pathogenic fungi Gaeumannomyces, Acremonium, Curvularia, and Fusarium in the rhizosphere soil under optimal N condition. Meanwhile, Zn application elevated the activities of protease, cellulase and dehydrogenase, and up-regulated the expression levels of napA, nirS, cnorB, and qnorB genes involved in the denitrification process in rice rhizosphere soil under optimal N condition. These results indicated Zn application could facilitate the soil N transformation and improved its availability by modifying both bacterial and fungal communities, and altering the soil enzyme activities and functional gene expression levels, ultimately promoted the N uptake and biomass of rice plant. However, this synergistic effect of Zn on rice growth, N uptake and soil N transformation strongly depended on the external N conditions, as no significant changes were observed under high N condition. Our results indicated that Zn co-fertilized with appropriate application of N is a useful strategy to improve the N bioavailability in rice rhizosphere soil and enhance the N uptake in rice plant.

Agricultural Supply Chain Financing Strategies under the Impact of Risk Attitudes

Bank and e-commerce financing strategies are the main ways for farmers to solve the problem of capital shortage. Aiming at the uncertainty risk of the output of the agricultural product supply chain, we consider the risk attitudes of farmers; construct the Stackelberg game model under different financing strategies to obtain the optimal decision of e-commerce and farmers; and explore the expected output factors, the degree of farmers’ risk aversion, e-commerce’s interest rates on the decision-making results. Our research found that farmers with low-risk aversion prefer to choose the e-commerce financing strategy when the e-commerce’s interest rates are lower. In addition, farmers’ risk-averse attitudes lead to lower equilibrium decision-making between farmers and e-entrepreneurs, which is not conducive to the interests of e-commerce and farmers. A higher expected output factor reduces farmers’ production inputs and e-commerce purchase price. When the expected output factor is low, the decision of whether e-commerce provides financing services to farmers is only affected by interest rates, and lower interest rates create more value for e-commerce.

Catalytic potential of endophytes facilitates synthesis of biometallic zinc oxide nanoparticles for agricultural application.

Recent advances fascinated the use of biological resources in combination with metals to obtain high quality biometals and apply its advantages in different fields. Endophytic mediated Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) is an economical and ecofriendly way for farmers to avoid Zn deficiency in rice crop and obtain high yield. Here we synthesized ZnO-NPs utilizing endophytic bacterial strain of Enterobacter hormaechei (E. hormaechei). The physiochemical properties of the prepared NPs were determined through UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, SEM and TEM. The prepared NPs revealed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at 320nm (nm) and crystalline structure with 21nm average crystalline size. FT-IR spectra showed the presence of carboxylic, alcohol and amine functional groups, which confirm the biometallic assembling of the ZnO and endophytic bacterial functional groups. SEM showed pyramidal symmetry whereas TEM revealed poly dispersed spherical shape with particle size distribution 18-48nm. Our results showed that prepared NPs possess significant antifungal, antibacterial and antioxidant potential at 25, 50 and 100µg/mL concentrations. Moreover, Cytotoxic and hemolytic assay showed significant results (less % viability and hemolysis activity) at 50 and 100µg/mL (ZnO-NP's) concentrations as compared to control. The prepared ZnO-NPs were used as bio fertilizer in various concentrations as a foliar spray, which showed significant enhancement of the rice plant growth, along with chlorophyll, proteins and carotenoid contents. These results recommend that endophytic mediated ZnO-NPs are biocompatible and possess significant potential for agricultural applications.

Responses of Land-Use Changes to Drought and its Disparate Impact on Livelihoods of Farmers and Herders in the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of Northwestern China

The agro-pastoral ecotone is an ecologically fragile region where drought is the main factor influencing land use and livelihoods. In this paper, we took two farmer villages and two herder villages in Ar Horqin Banner, located in the agro-pastoral ecotone of northwestern China, as the research areas, and where we conducted participatory rural appraisal and questionnaire survey to analyze the responses of land-use changes to drought and its disparate impact on the livelihoods of farmers and herders. Results show that: 1) Under drought, farmers tended to abandon rain-fed land, and herders tended to abandon grassland. 2) The livelihood activities of farmers were more stable than those of herders under drought. Farmers abandoned rain-fed farming, and herders just retained cattle rearing. The per capita net income of each farmer in Pingandi and Fenghuangling in the drought year of 2016 was only 9.27% and 12.52% lower than those in 2012, respectively, which was 132.88% and 128.25% lower than those in 2012 of each herder in Wuriduhubu and Haolibao. 3) Diversified livelihoods, especially non-agricultural ones, are the key to ensuring the sustainable livelihoods of farmers and herders. It is an effective way for farmers to encourage more labor force to emigrate to non-agricultural sectors. Regarding herders, it is urgent to develop artificial pastures and animal products processing industry with the support of government.

Impacts of farmer cooperative membership on household income and inequality: Evidence from a household survey in China

While joining farmer cooperatives has been identified as a way for farmers, especially small farmers, to overcome their limitations in the marketplace and increase their income, this paper presents an analytical framework for examining how farmer cooperative may increase farmer income in rural China, empirically assesses the impacts of such membership on household income, and examines how the membership may affect income inequality. Data from a large-scale survey of rural households in China are used to examine the impacts of farmer cooperative membership and other factors on household income through a multivariate regression analysis and to test whether the impacts are different across income groups through a quantile regression analysis. The propensity score matching technique is used to address potential self-selection bias problems in the dataset and quantile regression is used to examine the impact for different income quantiles or groups of farmers. The empirical results indicate that farmers participating in professional cooperatives, on average, earned significantly higher income than their counterparts, but the positive impact was not statistically significant for low-income quantiles. This finding suggests that encouraging the development of and participation in farmer cooperatives could increase the average income but may not contribute directly to the policy goal of reducing income inequality in rural China.

Energy Performance Analysis of B1-3.5mm Burner Model of Fasobio-15 Biodigester Biogas Cookstoves

In Burkina Faso, finding wood for cooking is still a headache for rural households due to the advancing desert. Here, we try to bring a new way for farmers who already have a biodigester and convince those who are reluctant to adopt this work to reduce their dependence on wood. For this purpose, a characterization of the energy performance of biogas stoves is carried out based on the three-phase water heating test protocol called Water Boiling Test (WBT). The fuel used in the study is the biogas produced by a batch biodigester fed with pig manure. The analysis of the produced biogas shows a methane content of 60% and maximum hydrogen sulfide of 400ppm. The heat balance shows a loss of 11% in the walls of the cookstove and about 36% in the flue gas. Thus the energy performance of the furnace is estimated at 53%, a combustion rate of 6.4 L /min and the average boiling time is 50 minutes. Given these results, we suggest that households use biogas fuel and the B1-3.5mm burner in the cookstove as a replacement for the other burners. We intend to carry out a controlled cooking test on this stove, a modeling of the biogas production and its consumption in this type of burner.