Oscilloscope Research Articles

Realization of chaotic oscillator and use in secure communication

This scientific study reports on the practical as well as modelling of active hybrid inductor based chaotic oscillators using Current Feedback Amplifier (CFOA) and Op-Amp. Furthermore, a workable design strategy for the chaotic oscillator and its application to secure communication are provided. Here, the transient analysis of chaos waveforms is verified by using MATLAB, Multi-SIM, and LT-Spice tools. The numerical outcomes based on LT-Spice and MATLAB are closely matched. Additionally, results from the multi-SIM platform show how a secure communication network was implemented utilising the master-slave technique of synchronisation. Finally, a comparison analysis is conducted to demonstrate the originality of the suggested work.

Improved vocal isolation from varying repeating structures for musical signals

A musical signal is the combination of a repeating background signal (music produced by musical instruments such as guitar, tabla, sitar, etc.) and a non-repeating, variable foreground signal, such as vocals or the human voice. By utilising this property of the audio mixture, a technique for isolating the non-repeating vocal or foreground from the repeating background in the audio mixture is enhanced so that it functions well even when the repeating background varies over time. The ability to quickly separate a song into its musical and vocal components would be useful for a variety of applications, including instrument and vocalist recognition, pitch and melody extraction, audio post-processing, and karaoke game development. This technique for extracting repeating patterns is effective when the repeating background is stable and the amount of distortion is minimal. Due to the error in the estimation of the repeating period, the efficacy of this technique deteriorates. Therefore, a more accurate method for estimating the period of repetition is required. Consequently, this estimation of the repeating period is improved with the aid of an independent component analysis algorithm and the repeating pattern extraction method, and its performance can be further enhanced by computing the mean segment before the median computation in the repeating segment modelling stage. Various analysis methods, including spectrogram and waveform analysis, energy analysis, source-to-distortion ratio analysis, false rejection rate analysis, and time complexity analysis are used in validating the improvements brought by the proposed approach compared to the existing algorithms.

Experimental Study on Calibration of Amplitude-Frequency Measurement Deviation for Microseismic Sensors in Coal Mines.

Microseismic monitoring systems (MMS) have become increasingly crucial in detecting tremors in coal mining. Microseismic sensors (MS), integral components of MMS, profoundly influence positioning accuracy and energy calculations. Hence, calibrating these sensors holds immense importance. To bridge the research gap in MS calibration, this study conducted a systematic investigation. The main conclusions are as follows: based on calibration tests on 102 old MS using the CS18VLF vibration table, it became evident that certain long-used MS in coal mines exhibited significant deviations in frequency and amplitude measurements, indicating sensor failure. Three important calibration indexes, frequency deviation, amplitude deviation, and amplitude linearity are proposed to assess the performance of MS. By comparing the index of old and new MS, critical threshold values were established to evaluate sensor effectiveness. A well-functioning MS exhibits an absolute frequency deviation below 5%, an absolute amplitude deviation within 55%, and amplitude linearity surpassing 0.95. In normal operations, the frequency deviation of MS is significantly smaller than the amplitude deviation. Simplified waveform analysis has unveiled a linear connection between amplitude deviation and localization results. An analysis of the Gutenberg-Richter microseismic energy calculation formula found that the microseismic energy calculation is influenced by both the localization result and amplitude deviation, making it challenging to pinpoint the exact impact of amplitude deviation on microseismic energy. Reliable MS, as well as a robust MS, serve as the fundamental cornerstone for acquiring dependable microseismic data and are essential prerequisites for subsequent microseismic data mining. The insights and findings presented here provide valuable guidance for future MS calibration endeavors and ultimately can guarantee the dependability of microseismic data.

Central-to-peripheral blood pressure amplification: role of the recording site, technology, analysis approach, and calibration scheme in invasive and non-invasive data agreement.

Systolic blood pressure amplification (SBPA) and pulse pressure amplification (PPA) can independently predict cardiovascular damage and mortality. A wide range of methods are used for the non-invasive estimation of SBPA and PPA. The most accurate non-invasive method for obtaining SBPA and/or PPA remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the agreement between the SBPA and PPA values that are invasively and non-invasively obtained using different (1) measurement sites (radial, brachial, carotid), (2) measuring techniques (tonometry, oscillometry/plethysmography, ultrasound), (3) pulse waveform analysis approaches, and (4) calibration methods [systo-diastolic vs. approaches using brachial diastolic and mean blood pressure (BP)], with the latter calculated using different equations or measured by oscillometry. Invasive aortic and brachial pressure (catheterism) and non-invasive aortic and peripheral (brachial, radial) BP were simultaneously obtained from 34 subjects using different methodologies, analysis methods, measuring sites, and calibration methods. SBPA and PPA were quantified. Concordance correlation and the Bland-Altman analysis were performed. (1) In general, SBPA and PPA levels obtained with non-invasive approaches were not associated with those recorded invasively. (2) The different non-invasive approaches led to (extremely) dissimilar results. In general, non-invasive measurements underestimated SBPA and PPA; the higher the invasive SBPA (or PPA), the greater the underestimation. (3) None of the calibration schemes, which considered non-invasive brachial BP to estimate SBPA or PPA, were better than the others. (4) SBPA and PPA levels obtained from radial artery waveform analysis (tonometry) (5) and common carotid artery ultrasound recordings and brachial artery waveform analysis, respectively, minimized the mean errors. Overall, the findings showed that (i) SBPA and PPA indices are not "synonymous" and (ii) non-invasive approaches would fail to accurately determine invasive SBPA or PPA levels, regardless of the recording site, analysis, and calibration methods. Non-invasive measurements generally underestimated SBPA and PPA, and the higher the invasive SBPA or PPA, the higher the underestimation. There was not a calibration scheme better than the others. Consequently, our study emphasizes the strong need to be critical of measurement techniques, to have methodological transparency, and to have expert consensus for non-invasive assessment of SBPA and PPA.

Research on Electromagnetic Damage Effects in Navigation Receiver by PCI Testing

The EMP couples with electronic devices via cables, inducing electromagnetic damage effects. This paper elucidates the operational principles of a navigation receiver and simplifies the study by focusing on the radio frequency front-end module. Many PCI tests were conducted on its signal input port, yielding the damage threshold of the navigation receiver. An analysis of the output waveforms of the modules that incurred damage was also performed. Through infrared research, it was discovered that the damaged LNA experiences a rapid temperature rise to around 73°C during operation with applied power. The electromagnetic damage effect in the LNA primarily stems from internal MOS transistor short circuits. The BPF protects the subsequent circuit stages but is also susceptible to damage.

Auditory brainstem response (ABR) waveform analysis program

Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) are a high-throughput assessment of auditory function. Many studies determine changes to the threshold at frequencies that span the normal hearing range of their test subjects, but fewer studies evaluate changes in waveform morphology. The goal of developing this program was to make a user-friendly semiautomatic peak-detection algorithm to encourage widespread analysis of the amplitudes and latencies of the ABR, which may yield informative details about the integrity of the auditory system with development, aging, genetic manipulations, or damaging conditions. This method incorporates automated peak detection with manual override and inter-rater validation to calculate the amplitude and latency for waves 1–5, as well as interpeak latencies and amplitude ratios between waves. The output includes raw data and calculations in a format compatible with graphical and statistical software.•The method yields a high-throughput peak-detection algorithm with manual override and inter-rater capabilities to streamline ABR waveform analysis.•Data output includes amplitudes, latencies, amplitude ratios, and interpeak latencies for generation of input-output curves.•While complete automation of peak detection with this tool is dependent on good signal-to-noise ratios, relevant amplitude and latency calculations are fully automated, and manual spot-checking is simplified to significantly reduce the time to analyze waveforms.

POWER QUALITY MONITORING FOR INDUSTRIAL LOAD

Power quality monitoring is critical in ensuring the efficient and reliable operation of industrial systems. This paper presents a MATLAB-based simulation approach for power quality monitoring, providing a cost-effective and scalable solution for industrial applications. The idea behind this paper is to design and simulate a comprehensive power quality monitoring system that includes voltage and current measurement, harmonic detection, waveform analysis, and microcontroller-based data processing. This simulation environment allows for the evaluation of various power quality parameters and the optimization of system parameters for accurate assessment. The abstracted system integrates sensor data acquisition, signal processing algorithms, and communication modules within the MATLAB framework. Through extensive simulations and parameter tuning, the system can effectively detect and mitigate power quality issues such as harmonics, voltage sags, swells, and transients. This paper significance lies in its ability to offer a robust, cost- effective, and customizable solution for power quality monitoring in industrial settings, ultimately ensuring the longevity and reliability of critical equipment and processes. The presentation will provide insights into the design, simulation, and potential real-world implementation of this MATLAB-based power quality monitoring system. Keywords –Harmonics, THD analysis, Fault correction, FFT analysis, Matlab simulation.

PB0553 Role of International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis-Bleeding Assessment Tool, RICOF, ROTEM, and APTT-Clot wave form Analysis (CWA) in Evaluation of Patients with Bleeding of Unknown Cause (BUC)

PB0553 Role of International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis-Bleeding Assessment Tool, RICOF, ROTEM, and APTT-Clot wave form Analysis (CWA) in Evaluation of Patients with Bleeding of Unknown Cause (BUC)

PB0835 Comparison of Bleeding Symptoms and Global Haemostatic Tests (ROTEM and Clot Wave Form Analysis) in Type 3 VWD and Mild/ Moderate Haemophilia A with Similar Levels of Factor VIII

PB0835 Comparison of Bleeding Symptoms and Global Haemostatic Tests (ROTEM and Clot Wave Form Analysis) in Type 3 VWD and Mild/ Moderate Haemophilia A with Similar Levels of Factor VIII

PB1118 Construction of a New Model for Estimating Causes of APTT Prolongation Using AI for Clot Waveform Analysis (CWA)

PB1118 Construction of a New Model for Estimating Causes of APTT Prolongation Using AI for Clot Waveform Analysis (CWA)

PB1139 Establishment of a Novel System based on Clot Waveform Analysis for the Quick Differential Diagnosis of Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)-Prolonged Plasma Samples

PB1139 Establishment of a Novel System based on Clot Waveform Analysis for the Quick Differential Diagnosis of Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)-Prolonged Plasma Samples

PB1107 AI Classification Model to Discriminate Causes of Prolonged Clotting Time through the Application of Machine Learning to Clot Waveform Analysis Parameters

PB1107 AI Classification Model to Discriminate Causes of Prolonged Clotting Time through the Application of Machine Learning to Clot Waveform Analysis Parameters

The Evaluation of Clot Waveform Analyses for Assessing Hypercoagulability in Patients Treated with Factor VIII Concentrate.

Regular prophylactic therapy has become an increasingly common treatment for severe hemophilia. Therefore, hypercoagulability-a potential risk factor of thrombosis-is a cause for concern in hemophilic patients treated with a high dose of FVIII concentrate. In clot waveform analysis (CWA)-thrombin time (TT), a small amount of thrombin activates clotting factor VIII (FVIII) instead of fibrinogen, resulting in FVIII measurements using CWA-TT with a small amount of thrombin. The coagulation ability of patients treated with FVIII concentrate or emicizumab was evaluated using activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), TT and a small amount of tissue factor-induced FIX activation assay (sTF/FIXa) using CWA. The FVIII activity based on CWA-TT was significantly greater than that based on the CWA-APTT or chromogenic assay. FVIII or FVIII-like activities based on the three assays in plasma without emicizumab were closely correlated; those in plasma with emicizumab based on CWA-TT and chromogenic assays were also closely correlated. CWA-APTT and CWA-TT showed different patterns in patients treated with FVIII concentrates compared to those treated with emicizumab. In particular, CWA-TT in patients treated with FVIII concentrate showed markedly higher peaks in platelet-rich plasma than in platelet-poor plasma. CWA-APTT showed lower coagulability in hemophilic patients treated with FVIII concentrate than in healthy volunteers, whereas CWA-sTF/FIXa did not. In contrast, CWA-TT showed hypercoagulability in hemophilic patients treated with FVIII concentrate. CWA-TT can be used to evaluate the thrombin bursts that cause hypercoagulability in patients treated with emicizumab. Although routine APTT evaluations demonstrated low coagulation ability in patients treated with FVIII concentrate, CWA-TT showed hypercoagulability in these patients, suggesting that the evaluation of coagulation ability may be useful when using multiple assays.

Application of new waveform analysis methods reflecting F-wave diversity -classification of F-wave diversity according to differences in the derived muscles

BackgroundThe F wave waveforms show diversity according to the number and size of re-firing cells, but there is still no analytical method that reflects this feature. We previously reported that five classifications of F waves are obtained from the ulnar nerve. However, the diversity of F waves derived from the lower extremities may not be similar. We therefore compared the diversity of F waves in the upper and lower extremities in healthy subjects. New methodF waves were measured during tibial nerve stimulation in 26 healthy subjects. The amount of amplitude decrease was calculated from the amplitude value after the additive averaging process and based on the average amplitude value of each stimulus, and the relationship between the peak latency and density was examined. ResultsThe amount of amplitude decrease due to the additive averaging process was negatively correlated with the density of negative peaks. The diversity of F waves could be categorized into four class based on the histograms. Comparison with existing methodThe new method uses a novel additive average method that reflects the diversity of F waves. Furthermore, it uses a histogram to visualize the cancellation between waveforms. ConclusionWe developed an analysis method that reflects the diversity of F waves in a novel manner, which visualizes cancellation between waveforms using a histogram.

Retracted: Intelligent English Translation Based on Intelligent Speech Waveform Analysis

Retracted: Intelligent English Translation Based on Intelligent Speech Waveform Analysis

The in vitro effect of anticoagulant agents on coagulation and fibrinolysis in the presence of emicizumab in the plasmas from patients with haemophilia A.

Emicizumab is used as hemostatic prophylaxis for patients with hemophilia A (PwHA), irrespective of the presence of inhibitors. Although bacterial infection can lead to a procoagulant state, there is limited information on coagulation and fibrinolysis potentials in emicizumab-treated PwHA and on the use of anticoagulants in such cases. We examined whether anticoagulants affect the coagulation and fibrinolysis potentials in plasma from PwHA spiked with emicizumab. Plasma from PwHA was in vitro supplemented with emicizumab (50μg/mL; emi-plasma) and anticoagulants (recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM), nafamostat mesylate (NM), unfractionated heparin (UFH), or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMH)). PwHA plasma spiked with rFVIII (1 IU/mL) was used as a reference (ref-plasma). The coagulation and fibrinolysis potentials in plasma was measured by thrombin and plasmin generation assay (T/P-GA) and clot-fibrinolysis waveform analysis (CFWA). In T/P-GA and CFWA, coagulation potentials (maximum coagulation velocity; |min1|, and peak thrombin; Th-Peak) in plasma rose with increasing concentrations of emicizumab and rFVIII, but fibrinolytic potentials (peak plasmin; Plm-Peak, and maximum fibrinolytic velocity; |FL-min1|) remained unchanged. Adding rTM, NM, and UFH to emi-plasma suppressed coagulation and fibrinolysis potentials, similar to ref-plasma. Regarding the heparin, UFH and LMH inhibited the improved coagulation in emi-plasma. UFH inhibited fibrinolysis as well, but LMH did not. Anticoagulants could exhibit the inhibitory effects on the coagulation and fibrinolysis potentials in plasma from PwHA spiked with emicizumab, similar to those in normal plasma.

Comprehensive comparison of global coagulation assays to differentiate lupus anticoagulant from acquired hemophilia A in patients with prolonged APTT.

There is no established method for differentiating acquired hemophilia A (AHA) from lupus anticoagulant (LA) positivity because both present with prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time. We compared various parameters of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), thrombin generation assay (TGA), and clot waveform analysis (CWA) in patients with AHA (n = 10) and LA (n = 44). Compared with AHA, possible (n = 12) and definite (n = 32) LA showed significantly shorter clotting time (CT) in NATEM mode of ROTEM (> 3600 vs. 501/533). In TGA, peak height was significantly lower in AHA (16 vs. 242/174nM). In CWA, CT was significantly longer (81 vs. 36/41s) and Ad|min1| was lower (2.1 vs. 8.7/6.7) in AHA. Notably, CT by NATEM and peak height in TGA completely discriminated between AHA and LA, whereas Ad|min1| did not discriminate between them in 4 cases of AHA and 1 of LA. Comparison of 3 patients with both AHA and LA against a patient with only LA and markedly low FVIII activity (3.5%) showed that both CT by NATEM and peak height of TGA precisely classified the former 3 cases as AHA and the latter 1 case as LA, whereas Ad|min1| classified all 4 cases as AHA. ROTEM and TGA can comparably distinguish between AHA and LA.

Central Venous Waveform Patterns in the Fontan Circulation Independently Contribute to the Prediction of Composite Survival.

It is well appreciated that the Fontan circulation perturbs central venous hemodynamics, with elevated pressure being the clearest change associated with Fontan comorbidities, such as Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) and protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). Our group has better quantity of these venous perturbations through single- and multi-location analyses of flow waveforms obtained from magnetic resonance imaging of Fontan patients. Here, we determine if such analyses, which yield principal components (PC) that describe flow features, are associated with Fontan survival. Patients with a Fontan circulation (N = 140) that underwent free-breathing and mechanically ventilated cardiac MRI were included in this study. Standard volumetric and functional hemodynamics, as well as flow analysis principal components, were subjected to univariate and bivariate Cox regression analyses to determine composite clinical outcome, including plastic bronchitis, PLE, and referral and receipt of transplant. Unsurprisingly, ventricular function measures of ejection fraction (EF; HR = 0.88, p < 0.0001), indexed end-systolic volume (ESVi; HR 1.02, p < 0.0001), and indexed end-diastolic volume (EDVi; HR = 1.02, p = 0.0007) were found as specific predictors of clinical events, with specificities uniformly > 0.75. Additionally a feature of IVC flow (PC2) indicating increased flow in systole was found as a highly sensitive predictor (HR = 0.851, p = 0.027, sensitivity 0.93). In bivariate prediction, combinations of ventricular function (EF, ESVi, EDVi) with this IVC flow feature yielded best overall prediction of composite outcome. This suggests that central venous waveform analysis relays additional information about Fontan patient survival and that coupling sensitive and specific measures in bivariate analysis is a useful approach for obtaining superior prediction of survival.

Respiratory Sensing Lead Malfunction in Upper Airway Stimulation: A Single Institution Report.

Upper airway stimulation (UAS) is an effective treatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The device consists of a stimulating electrode, an internal pulse generator, and a respiratory sensing lead. The purpose of this study is to characterize the incidence of sensing lead malfunction necessitating revision surgery in a high-volume center in conjunction with a review of the FDA Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database reports on adverse events associated with the sensing lead component. Patients age ≥18 implanted with the device were reviewed between July 2017 and June 2022. Those determined to have sensing lead malfunction were analyzed. The FDA MAUDE database was reviewed for reports associated with "Inspire Model 4323 Respiratory" and "Inspire Model 4340 Respiratory" between January 2014 and September 2022. One hundred ninety patients underwent UAS at our institution during the study period and four (2.1%) patients were found to have sensing lead malfunction. Analysis of the MAUDE database revealed 122 reports of adverse events associated with the sensing lead component, with 72% (88/122) of these requiring revision surgery. The most frequently reported adverse event was sensing lead tip separation from lead body, noted in 46% of these reports (56/122). The functionality of the sensing lead component is vital to the integrity of the UAS device and is measurable through waveform analysis. To provide optimal care after device implantation, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the scenarios in which this component fails, the incidence of such events, and appropriate management. 4 Laryngoscope, 134:1479-1484, 2024.

Performance of four cardiac output monitoring techniques vs. intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution during a modified passive leg raise maneuver in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.

This study investigated the performance among four cardiac output (CO) monitoring techniques in comparison with the reference method intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution (iPATD) and their ability to diagnose fluid responsiveness (FR) during a modified passive leg raise (PLRM) maneuver in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs undergoing acute blood volume manipulations. The study also examined the simultaneous effect of performing the PLRM on dynamic variables such as stroke distance variation (SDV), peak velocity variation (PVV), and stroke volume variation (SVV). Prospective, nonrandomized, crossover design. Six healthy male Beagle dogs. The dogs were anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane and mechanically ventilated under neuromuscular blockade. After instrumentation, they underwent a series of sequential, nonrandomized steps: Step 1: baseline data collection; Step 2: removal of 33 mL kg-1 of circulating blood volume; Step 3: blood re-transfusion; and Step 4: infusion of 20 mL kg-1 colloid solution. Following a 10-min stabilization period after each step, CO measurements were recorded using esophageal Doppler (EDCO), transesophageal echocardiography (TEECO), arterial pressure waveform analysis (APWACO), and electrical cardiometry (ECCO). Additionally, SDV, PVV, and SVV were recorded. Intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution (iPATDCO) measurements were also recorded before, during, and after the PLRM maneuver. A successful FR diagnosis made using a specific test indicated that CO increased by more than 15% during the PLRM maneuver. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance for repeated measures with post hoc Tukey test, linear regression, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (ρc), and Bland-Altman analysis. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. All techniques detected a reduction in CO (p < 0.001) during hemorrhage and an increase in CO after blood re-transfusion and colloid infusion (p < 0.001) compared with baseline. During hemorrhage, CO increases with the PLRM maneuver were as follows: 33% for iPATD (p < 0.001), 19% for EC (p = 0.03), 7% for APWA (p = 0.97), 39% for TEE (p < 0.001), and 17% for ED (p = 0.02). Concurrently, decreases in SVV, SDV, and PVV values (p < 0.001) were also observed. The percentage error for TEE, ED, and EC was less than 30% but exceeded 55% for APWA. While TEECO and ECCO slightly underestimated iPATDCO values, EDCO and APWACO significantly overestimated iPATDCO values. TEE and EC exhibited good and acceptable agreement with iPATD. However, CO measurements using all four techniques and iPATD did not differ before, during, and after PLRM at baseline, blood re-transfusion, and colloid infusion. iPATD, EC, TEE, and ED effectively assessed FR in hypovolemic dogs during the PLRM maneuver, while the performance of APWA was unacceptable and not recommended. SVV, SDV, and PVV could be used to monitor CO changes during PLRM and acute blood volume manipulations, suggesting their potential clinical utility.