Watson Method Research Articles

Comparative investigation on the classification of carcinoma of the oral cavity

Summary On the basis of 237 patients, 3 possible classifications of carcinoma of the oral cavity were compared with each other (acc to Spiessl and Fries, comp. UICC and clin. UICC). Of the T-and-N-groups, life tables (Chiang 1968) were calculated and the survival curves were compared according to Watson's method. On the whole, the comp. UICC classifications method turned out to be most suitable for creating well differentiated T- and N-statistical groups.

Kinetics of the vapour‐phase dehydrogenation of cyclohexane over palladium catalyst in a continuous stirred tank reactor

AbstractThe catalytic vapour‐phase dehydrogenation of cyclohexane has been investigated over a surface coated palladium catalyst in a continuous stirred tank reactor between 482 and 644°F and at different partial pressures (0 to 2 atm) of cyclohexane. The rate data obtained have been analysed by the Hougen—Watson method. Non‐linear least squares analyses combined with other statistical considerations were used to discriminate among rival models. The following Hougen—Watson type rate equation has been proposed The constants in the rate equation have been expressed as functions of temperature.

Diffraction by a circular island of long waves produced by a riparian source: PMM vol. 35, n≗6, pp. 1015–1022, 1971

The diffraction of long cylindrical waves by a circular island situated in a rotating tank is considered. It is shown that, when the wavelength is small in comparison with the island radius, a resonanace capture of waves by the island takes place. Unlike in the author's paper [1] which analyzed the diffraction of monochromatic plane waves by a circular island in a rotating tank of constant depth, here the diffraction of cylindrical waves produced by a source at the island boundary is considered. As in [1], the wavelength is assumed to be considerable in comparison with the depth of the tank, but small relative to the island radius. A solution in the form of a conventional slowly convergent Fourier series is first derived, and then transformed by Watson's method into a fast convergent series, which makes it possible to determine the pattern of wave diffraction, at least along the island periphery. Many details of the derivation of solution have been omitted here. One of these details can be found in [1, 2], while others may be obtained by small alterations in the calculations presented in those papers.

Studies on the productivity of tropical pasture plants. II. Growth analysis, photosynthesis, and respiration of 20 species of grasses and legumes in a controlled environment

A previous study of one grass and one legume at early vegetative stages has been extended to include a further nine species of each. It confirms the superior relative growth rates (RW) of grasses, arising from very high net assimilation rates (EA), in turn dependent on high photosynthetic rates (P). Leaf area ratios (FA) varied over a similar range in both groups. RW values of grasses in the second week after sowing varied from 0.41 to 0.55 gg-1 day-1; for legumes, they were 0.31-0.36. Corresponding EA values were 1.5-1.9 g dm-2 wk-1 in grasses, and 1.1-1.8 in legumes. Within both grasses and legumes, comparisons between species can be made with less certainty. In grasses, variation in FA combined with generally uniform EA values resulted in variable RW values. Both FA and EA varied in the legumes but were usually compensatory, leading to uniformity in RW. Watson and Hayashi's method of separating EA into photosynthetic and respiratory components was used. Differences both between and within grasses and legumes were shown, but there are probably important errors in this technique, particularly where there are discrepancies between light and dark respiration.

Studies on the productivity of tropical pasture plants. I. Growth analysis, photosynthesis, and respiration of Hamil grass and Siratro in a controlled environment

Hamil grass and Siratro were grown as single plants in pots in controlled environment cabinets at a temperature favouring high growth rates and with adequate water and mineral nutrients. Leaf areas and dry weights of plant parts were recorded in two experiments, to which some of the plants were common. In the first experiment, weekly samples until 4 weeks from sowing provided data for the calculation of relative growth rates, net assimilation rates, and leaf area ratios. The relative growth rate of Hamil grass was almost twice that of Siratro and appears to be the highest yet recorded for any plant. The higher growth rate for the grass resulted from a high net assimilation rate, although the leaf area ratio was lower. The second experiment used Watson and Hayashi's method, in which plants are kept in darkness for a varying number of days to separate net assimilation rate into photosynthetic and respiratory components. Data were collected at 2 and 4 weeks from sowing. The high net assimilation rate of the grass was shown to result from a higher photosynthetic rate, despite a much greater respiration rate than in the legume. The technique used for estimating photosynthesis and respiration is discussed in relation to some of the assumptions that it makes.

Proof of a conjecture of Ramanujan

We writeandso thatp(n) is the number of unrestricted partitions ofn. Ramanujan [1] conjectured in 1919 that ifq= 5, 7, or 11, and 24m≡ 1 (modqn), then p(m) ≡ 0 (modqn). He proved his conecture forn= 1 and 2†, but it was not until 1938 that Watson [4] proved the conjecture forq= 5 and alln, and a suitably modified form forq= 7 and alln. (Chowla [5] had previously observed that the conjecture failed forq= 7 andn= 3.) Watson's method of modular equations, while theoretically available for the caseq= 11, does not seem to be so in practice even with the help of present-day computers. Lehner [6, 7] has developed an essentially different method, which, while not as powerful as Watson's in the cases where Γ0(q) has genus zero, is applicable in principle to all primesqwithout prohibitive calculation. In particular he proved the conjecture forq= 11 andn= 3 in [7]. Here I shall prove the conjecture forq= 11 and alln, following Lehner's approach rather than Watson's. I also prove the analogous and essentially simpler result forc(m), the Fourier coefficient‡ of Klein's modular invariantj(τ) as

EFFECTS OF A LIQUID CORE ON THE PROPAGATION OF SEISMIC WAVES

Effects of a spherical cavity in an infinite, homogeneous, isotropic elastic solid, containing non-viscous compressible liquid, on the propagation of elastic waves are investigated mathematically. The waves emitted by a simple harmonic point source in the solid are of the types known as SH and P in seismology. The discussion is restricted to the case ka » 1 (ka = 2 π cavity radius/wave length). Series solutions are transformed into contour integrals by Watson's method. Evaluation of these by the method of residues results in expressions describing the P and S components of the diffracted waves.

A Note on Quantitative Urobilinogen Determinations

Abstract A procedure has been discussed whereby the optimum extraction of urobilinogen from feces and urine can be accomplished by standardization of acidulation of the ferrous hydroxide filtrates in the Watson method.

Increased urinary urobilinogen following acute myocardial infarction.

A study was conducted of the serial urinary urobilinogen excretion in patients with acute myocardial infarction, using Watson's semiquantitative method. Increased excretion was observed in some 90 per cent of the subjects with infarcts confirmed by the electrocardiogram and in more than half of the subjects where the electrocardiogram was not conclusive. The degree and duration of increased urinary urobilinogen had no apparent bearing upon prognosis. It is postulated that the altered urobilinogen excretion is induced by hepatic effects of the stress reaction incident to acute myocardial infarction.

Induction of labor by Watson's method: Cabrera, H.: Bol. Soc. chilena de obst. y ginec. 8: 212, 1943

Induction of labor by Watson's method: Cabrera, H.: Bol. Soc. chilena de obst. y ginec. 8: 212, 1943

Improved Apparatus for Inseminating Queen Bees by the Watson Method

Improved Apparatus for Inseminating Queen Bees by the Watson Method

Success in the Artificial Insemination of Queen Bees at the Bee Culture Laboratory

Watson's method for the artificial insemination of queenbees has been used successfully at the Bee Culture Laboratory in 1927 and 1928.

THE NASAL APPLICATION OF SOLUTION OF PITUITARY FOR OBSTETRIC PURPOSES

The recent clinical study of Scott on the present state of the induction of labor revealed the fact that, up to this time, no method has been devised which is altogether free from danger to either mother or child, and more particularly that Watson's technic is sometimes followed by death of the infant, owing, for the most part, to the tetanic contraction of the uterus which sometimes follows the use of solution of pituitary. Watson's method is based on the sensitization of the uterine muscle by the administration of castor oil and quinine, followed by the subcutaneous injection of 0.5 cc. of solution of pituitary at half hour intervals, until labor sets in or until six doses have been given. Those who have had experience with the method agree that undue sensibility to the action of solution of pituitary may lead to disastrous effects on the child; and as this

The Kinetic Theory of Gases

I CANNOT quite agree in Mr. Bryan's remembrance of what took place in the discussion of the Thermodynamics Report at Oxford. As far as I recollect, Prof. Boltzmann's reply was not in special reference to such a point as the specific heats of gases, but was in answer to a very vigorous, if somewhat general, onslaught of Prof Fitzgerald, who simply stated that it appeared evident from the spectra of gases and other considerations, that the energy could not be equally divided among all the degrees of freedom of the coordinates, and said what he wanted to know from Prof. Boltzmann was when the theory became inapplicable, what assumptions became invalid?—why, if Dr. Watson's method of generalised coordinates were valid, the ether, the solar system and the universe generally were not subject to the Maxwell-Boltzmann law, so that the mean kinetic energy of every coordinate in the universe should be the same and so on, insisting that what he wanted to know was why the theory failed, what assumptions were invalid.