Good Water Quality Research Articles

Sebaran Potensi Mata Air dan Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat dalam Rangka Upaya Konservasi Sumber Daya Air di Kecamatan Akabiluru Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota

The need for water is very important for life, both agriculture, industry and daily life, causing people to have to look for existing sources to meet their water needs. This study aims to analyze the location of existing water sources and determine the feasibility of water sources by conducting laboratory tests, after that to maintain water sources, community cooperation is needed, one of which is the form of local wisdom in maintaining water sources in Akabiluru District. The method used is descriptive quantitative. The results of the study stated that there are 22 springs spread across Akabiluru District, laboratory tests were carried out with samples of 3 springs, namely Luak Napa, Luak Canduang, Pancuran Duo. The three springs showed good physical water quality, colorless, tasteless and odorless. Meanwhile, the results of the chemical parameter laboratory tests, the water pH is normal except in Pancuran Duo with a pH of 6.1 and the manganese content does not exceed the standard, the mineral content such as calcium, potassium, and magnesium does not exceed the maximum levels allowed according to the drinking water quality standards, and for the microbiological parameters, the coliform content is quite high in the three samples, namely >.2400 MON / 100 ml and 43 MPN / 100 ml. Local wisdom in Akabiluru District in maintaining existing springs is still carried out in several villages such as prohibiting taking water at noon, cleaning springs, and making several water sources sacred springs.

Analysis of water quality, bioindicators, contaminants and their cytogenetic impacts in a Cerrado reservoir

The fragmentation of Brazilian rivers due to the construction of hydroelectric dams has altered aquatic ecosystems, resulting in the accumulation of residues in sediments. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of water and sediments from the Cana Brava reservoir, located in the Tocantins-Araguaia basin in the Cerrado biome, using the Allium cepa test. Sampling points were situated in the Cana Brava reservoir near two tributaries, the Bonito River and the Varjão Stream, areas susceptible to contaminant input due to proximity to urban areas. Physicochemical parameters, metals through atomic absorption spectrometry, toxicity, and analyses of bioindicators such as microalgae and macrophytes were assessed. Near the Varjão Stream, algal richness was higher, with the presence of Chara rusbyana, which indicates good water quality. Near the Bonito River, pollution-indicating microalgae such as Euglena sp., Nitzschia sp., and Oscillatoria sp. were identified, along with a prevalence of Salvinia auriculata, favored by nutrient availability. Cytogenetic tests revealed that sediments, especially from the site near the Varjão Stream, caused chromosomal abnormalities and cytogenotoxic effects, with an increase observed after 72 hours. Principal components analysis showed that phosphorus and potassium in the sediment from the site near the Bonito River correlated with cellular alterations at 48 hours, while sediments near the Varjão Stream resulted in a higher frequency of cytogenetic alterations at 72 hours. These results highlight local impacts on water quality and biological diversity, recommending continuous monitoring to mitigate the adverse effects of pollution in the Cana Brava reservoir.

Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Miami County, Kansas

Miami County, Kansas, has an area of 592 square miles. It lies within the Osage Plains section of the Central Lowlands physiographic province. Rocks above the Precambrian basement are 2,000 to 2,500 feet thick and are of sedimentary origin. They include rocks of Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, and Neogene ages. Exposed Pennsylvanian and Neogene rocks are nearly 400 feet thick. The Pennsylvanian rocks have a regional dip to the northwest of about 20 feet per mile. Recent alluvial deposits have a maximum thickness of about 55 feet in the Marais des Cygnes River valley and yield moderate supplies of ground water. Upper Pleistocene terrace deposits have a maximum thickness of 50 feet and yield moderate amounts of water. The most productive bedrock aquifers are Pennsylvanian limestones and sandstones that are near enough to the surface to have been weathered, thereby increasing their permeability. Water with less than 1,000 ppm dissolved solids occurs to a depth of about 200 feet in these bedrock aquifers. Water from Neogene deposits is of good quality, except that it is moderately hard and may contain excessive amounts of iron. Bedrock aquifers yield water of good quality, but in most localities the water is moderately hard. Data collected as a part of this investigation include records of 123 wells and springs, logs of 116 wells and test holes, and chemical analyses of 25 water samples.

Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Linn County, Kansas

Linn County is located along the Kansas-Missouri boundary in east-central Kansas and is a nearly square area of about 605 square miles. The relief in this area is moderate, and the topography is characterized by northeast-trending cuestas that face southeast. The county is located mostly within the Marais des Cygnes River drainage basin and contains a segment of this river in its northeastern part. Pennsylvanian rocks, Desmoinesian and Missourian Stages, are exposed in the county and have an aggregate thickness of 660 feet. The dominant lithology is shale followed by limestone, sandstone, and minor amounts of coal. Rocks in this part of Kansas are gently tilted to the northwest at about 20 feet per mile. All but the smallest tributary stream valleys are filled to some depth with locally derived and unconsolidated materials. These materials are mainly clay and silt with several feet of medium to coarse gravel near the base. Thickness of these valley-fill deposits ranges from several feet in smaller stream valleys to 50 feet in the principal valleys. Approximately 780 feet of Arbuckle Group (Cambrian and Ordovician), 20 feet of Devonian, 320 feet of Mississippian, and 400 feet of Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) rock underlie the oldest outcropping Pennsylvanian rocks in Linn County. Small domal structures of modest relief and a number of small-scale structures related to compaction and collapse are noted at the surface. Two apparent collapse-related structures in southeastern Linn County are associated with lead and zinc mineralization. Only very small quantities of ground water are obtained from Pennsylvanian rocks in Linn County. Yields rarely exceed 1 gallon per minute and are normally barely sufficient for domestic purposes. Limestones are the most productive aquifers, and limestones of the lower part of the Kansas City Group are the best of the bedrock aquifers. Ground water below a depth of about 100 feet in this area is normally too highly mineralized for use. However, in areas in Missouri close to the southeast corner of Linn County, water is obtained from the Cherokee Group at depths of 400 to 600 feet. At still greater depths in this area, large quantities (150 gallons per minute) of highly mineralized water are obtained from Ordovician rocks and moderate quantities (10 gallons per minute) from Mississippian rocks. Large quantities (30 to 100 gallons per minute) of good quality water are obtained from properly constructed and developed wells in Illinoisan and Wisconsinan valley-fill deposits, mainly from thin gravel deposits near the base.

Groundwater Arsenic Contamination and Human Health Risks: A Case Study from the Tongon Gold Mining Area, Côte d'Ivoire

Human exposure to arsenic (As) is a worldwide concern due to its toxicity, persistence and non-biodegradability. This exposure can cause cancer and neurological disorders. This study focused on assessing human health risks from arsenic in groundwater near Tongon industrial mining area. The approach consisted firstly to determine total As concentrations in groundwater. Next, groundwater quality was ascertained through water quality index. Finally, the health risks due to As were assessed using carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks indices. The sampling was carried out in five wells from May 2023 to July 2023. The results showed that total concentrations of As in the majority wells (14.46 - 32.04 µg/L) are above its WHO guideline value (10 µg/L). Water quality index values showed good water quality for the wells P2 and P5. While, waters from wells P1, P3 and P4 are poor quality. The non-carcinogenic indices indicated that children are the most exposed to adverse effects through the consumption of wells water around Tongon mining area. The total carcinogenic risk revealated that children and adults can develop cancer. Therefore, it is important to treat wells waters before using for domestic purposes.

Evaluation and source identification of water pollution.

Maintaining good surface water quality is essential for protecting ecosystems and human health. Henan Province has long faced challenges related to water scarcity and severe water pollution. To support effective management of water pollution in Henan Province and provide insights for regional water pollution management, we collected extensive water quality monitoring data and applied spatial autocorrelation along with random forest to analyze the sources of heavily polluted areas. Results indicate that the spatial pollution pattern of surface water quality in Henan Province can be generally classified as insignificant pollution in the north, heavy pollution in the central regions, and light pollution in the south. Heavily polluted areas are mainly located in Zhengzhou, Luoyang, and Kaifeng. Key indicators affecting water quality in these regions are chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and total phosphorus (TP), with urban sewage and industrial wastewater identified as the main causes of deterioration. These results not only provide a scientific basis for the systematic management of surface water quality pollution in Henan Province but also provide a reference for regional water pollution management.

An optimized irrigation water quality index for evaluating surface water sustainability status of an agricultural watershed.

Maintaining good water quality is essential for drinking and agriculture. High water quality is crucial for irrigation to boost agricultural productivity and ensure sustainable water resource management. This study used in-depth physical and chemical analysis of water samples to evaluate the Kakia-Esamburmbur watershed's irrigation water sustainability. The Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI), developed using 19 indicators and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), addressed concerns about soil salinity, sodicity, and plant water toxicity. The analysis revealed SO4.Cl-Na is the predominant pollutant. Qualitative water parameter analysis showed 70% of samples were adequate for EC, 90% for SAR and RSBC, and 100% for PI and SSP. However, Na (%), RSC, KI, and MH were lower. PCA identified eight key indicators, with IWQI values ranging from 14.48 to 433.76, with 50% of sites rated 'excellent.' The correlation matrix indicated significant hydrogeochemical impacts from geogenic and anthropogenic pressures. These findings inform policies to promote sustainable agricultural productivity. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Primary ions ranked as Na+> K+> Ca2+> Mg2+ and HCO3 -> SO4 2-> Cl- > CO3 2- PCA identified Na+, EC, TDS, HCO3 -, SAR, RSC, RSBC, and KI as key indicators. Combining the unique quality rating scale (Qi) and weighting formula makes the IWQI innovative and original. 50% of water samples were rated "excellent" for irrigation. Significant geogenic and anthropogenic impacts stress the need for informed policies on sustainable water management.

Overview of Water Quality in Maintening Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) in Floating Net Cages in Lihung Village, Karang Intan, Banjar District, South Kalimantan

Water quality is the quality characteristics required for certain uses of various water sources. The research aims to analyze water quality conditions, water physics (temperature, water color, depth, brightness, and current), water chemistry (pH, BOD, DO, ammonia, and phosphate), and water biology (plankton) in river flows in the village Lihung, diamond coral. This research was conducted in the river waters of Lihung Village, Karang Intan District, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan Province. Determination of sampling points was carried out using purposive sampling. Physical and chemical parameters in the Lihung Village River that support the development of aquaculture are, temperature, pH, water color, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, while parameters that do not support the development of aquaculture are, brightness, depth, current, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia. Physical and chemical parameters still support the survival of fish, although they are still supportive, there are several parameters whose values exceed the water quality standards that have been set. Judging from the pollution index value, the Lihung River is a lightly polluted body of water. So overall the Lihung River is still good for developing fisheries cultivation. The biological parameters of plankton in the Lihung River are 3 genus variants, namely, Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, and Copepada, with the dominant plankton in the waters being the genus Bacillariophyceae, which is a class of plankton that is good for aquaculture in rivers, with a brownish green river color. Cluster 1 contains stations II and III which are similar in all water quality parameters (temperature, water color, depth, brightness, water flow, pH, DO, ammonia, BOD, phosphate and plankton). From the results of these observations, good water quality results were obtained at both stations. This cluster 2 contains station I which has significant differences in water quality from stations II and III, station I has BOD, ammonia, brightness, depth, and currents that do not support fish cultivation.

PRODUCTIVITY OF WHITE SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) WITH THE ADDITION OF PROBIOTICS AND PREBIOTICS

Vaname shrimp remains a prime commodity due to several advantages, including the ability to thrive in a salinity range of 0.5-31 ppt, with a stocking density of 100-300 individuals/m², a faster growth cycle of 90-100 days, and a high appetite leading to rapid growth. Currently, the technology for culturing vaname shrimp has advanced with the implementation of intensive systems that utilize high stocking densities, although this impacts water quality. One approach to maintaining good water quality, especially in reducing organic waste, is the use of prebiotics and probiotics. Further studies are needed to determine the productivity of vaname shrimp with the addition of probiotics and prebiotics in shrimp culture. This research employed a survey method with parameters observed including productivity and water quality. Productivity encompassed stocking density, Average Body Weight (ABW), Average Daily Growth (ADG), population, biomass, Food Conversion Rate (FCR), Survival Rate (SR), and size. Water quality parameters measured included salinity, temperature, pH, DO using a Multitester, alkalinity, TOM, Ca, Mg, Total Hardness using titration, PO4, NH4, NO3, NO2 using a test kit, the number of green algae, blue-green algae, diatoms, euglena, and dinoflagellates using a hemocytometer, zooplankton, and protozoa using a Sedgewick Rafter, total bacteria, total vibrio, and the number of yellow, green, and black vibrio using Total Plate Count (TPC). Data analysis used descriptive methods. The results showed that the harvest exceeded the company's target, and the SR and FCR values were categorized as good in vaname shrimp cultivation. Water quality measurements indicated that conditions were still optimal for vaname shrimp culture.

An overview of climate changes and its effects on health - from mechanisms to One Health.

Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels, widespread deforestation, soil erosion or machine-intensive farming methods, manufacturing, food processing, mining, and construction iron, cement, steel, and chemicals industry, have been the main drivers of the observed increase in Earth's average surface temperature and climate change. Rising global temperatures, extreme weather events, ecosystems disruption, agricultural impacts, water scarcity, problems in access to good quality water, food and housing, and profound environmental disruptions such as biodiversity loss and extreme pollution are expected to steeply increase the prevalence and severity of acute and chronic diseases. Its long-term effects cannot be adequately predicted or mitigated without a comprehensive understanding of the adaptive ecosystems. Studying the complex interaction between environmental aggressors and the resilient adaptive responses requires the exposomic and the One Health approaches. The problem is broad and affects the whole ecosystem, plants, pets and animals in addition to humans. The central role of the epithelial barrier, microbiome, and diet as key pillars for an adaptive tolerogenic immune response should be explored for increasing resilience at the individual level. A radical change in mindset worldwide, with sustainable solutions and adaptive strategies and climate-resilience and health equity policies at their center, should be achieved quickly through increased awareness based on solid scientific data.

Hydrogeochemical and hydrochemical evaluation of surface water: insights into water quality for drinking use – case of Babar Dam in northeastern Algeria

The quality of surface water from the Babar Dam in Khenchela province, northeastern Algeria, was assessed using monthly physicochemical data collected from July 2018 to June 2019. This study aimed to evaluate the water's suitability for both drinking and agricultural purposes. For the drinking water assessment, two water quality indices, the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME-WQI), were employed. The WQI results indicated that 99% of the monitoring stations consistently had good quality water, while only 1% showed permissible quality throughout the year, meeting the standard criteria for drinking water. In contrast, the CCME-WQI classified the water as marginal at all stations, suggesting that while the water met the basic standards for human consumption, certain parameters such as conductivity and specific ion concentrations fell outside the ideal range, potentially requiring treatment for improved quality. These findings highlight the overall suitability of the water for consumption but also emphasize the need for continued monitoring and possible intervention to ensure water quality remains consistently safe for all uses.

IoT-Based Water Quality Monitoring System for Koi Fish Quarantine

Koi fish have a prominent attraction with their uniqueness including their beautiful shape, color, and pattern, making Koi fish very popular among ornamental fish. Koi fish undergo a quarantine process before being placed in the cultivation pond. The quarantine process is necessary because Koi fish are taken from paddy field ponds, where diseases from the external environment, such as fungi, bacteria, and parasites, may still be present. This research involves four parameters that support good water quality for the life and growth of Koi fish: temperature, acidity level (pH), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), and water turbidity. This research aims to monitor the quality of Koi fish quarantine using the four parameters above using the Internet of Things (IoT). Water quality measurement data from these four sensors can be detected in real-time via the Internet of Things (IoT) using the Blynk application as a monitoring tool and the Telegram application as a notification to Telegram if the water quality is not ideal.

Evaluation of Bacterial Population in Drinking Water Along with Hygiene and Sanitation Facilities of Different Schools in Port City, Bangladesh

In our daily life, drinking water is one of the most essential elements. However, safe and good-quality drinking water is a major concern for human health. Therefore, our study assessed the sanitation, hygiene conditions, and evaluation of bacterial population of drinking water in 40 schools in the port city, of Bangladesh. Total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC), and survey questionnaire were used to complete our study. About 65% of water samples exceeded the acceptable limit (>500 cfu/ml) detected by TVC. The most probable number (MPN) method was used to see the presence of coliform bacteria where about 65% of samples were found contaminated with coliform, among them 12.5% of samples were at very high risk according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. A total of 10 bacterial isolates like Enterobacter sp., E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Salmonella sp., Proteus sp., Serratia sp., Citrobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Alcaligenes sp., and Micrococcus sp. were detected in water samples by using four selective media and then identified by using cultural, morphological and biochemical tests. The disc diffusion method was used to detect antibiotic sensitivity with 10 commercially available antibiotics. About 80% of isolates were found completely resistant to erythromycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, and rifampin and 90% were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, azithromycin, and tetracycline. Antibiotic resistance isolates might pose a serious threat to human health. In most schools, reservoirs of drinking water were found contaminated by various bacteria. Only 48.3% of schools used separate toilets for girls but of poor-quality hygiene and sanitation facilities. Due to poor hygiene, sanitation, and contaminated drinking water, students may suffer from various diseases. Therefore, this study emphasizes the need to raise awareness about hygiene and sanitation facilities by regularly monitoring school drinking water quality to ensure children are out of waterborne diseases. Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci. Vol. 12 (1 & 2): 130-142, 2024

ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR TELUK PEGAMETAN BALI BERDASARKAN METODE INDEKS PENCEMARAN

The assessment of water quality holds immense significance, especially in areas with high levels of activity such as fisheries cultivation zones. The introduction of waste from Floating Net Cage vessels and ponds could lead to a decline in water quality within Pegametan Bay. The health and survival of the varied species inhabiting the bay heavily rely on maintaining optimal water quality. This research aims to assess the existing water quality and create pollution indices by analyzing both physical and chemical parameters within Pegametan Bay.Employing a quantitative methodology, water samples were obtained from 6 distinct stations and assessed against the seawater quality standards specified in Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. Subsequently, pollution index methodologies were applied to analyze these findings.The analyzed water quality indicators are temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), nitrate, ammonia, and salinity. Measurements were carried out directly on the water surface (temperature, pH, DO, turbidity, and salinity) as well as in samples taken to the Kerthi Bali Sadhajiwa Provincial Health Laboratory (TSS, BOD, nitrate, and ammonia). Measurement results indicate that temperature varied from 29.9 to 31.5°C; pH varied from 8.4 to 8.5; DO varied from 5 to 6.5 mg/L; turbidity varied from 0.35 to 0.70 NTU; TSS varied from 1 to 3 mg/L; BOD ranged from 0.60 to 1.01 mg/L; nitrate ranged from 0.394 to 0.4 mg/L; ammonia ranged from 0.001 to 0.038 mg/L; and salinity ranged from 30 to 33 ppt. Most of the measurements show good water quality, meeting the standards necessary to support marine life. According to the Minister of Environment Decree No. 115, year 2003, on Determination of Water Quality Status, pollution index values at all research stations were found in the range between 2.62 and 2.91. Based on the average score, all research stations were categorized as lightly polluted, with station 5 having the highest pollution index (2.91) and station 4 having the lowest (2.62). Keywords: Fishing Activities; Pegametan Bay; Pollution Index; Water Quality

Application of multivariate statistical techniques in the assessment of long-term surface water quality in Dong Thap Province, Vietnam.

This study assessed the surface water quality in Dong Thap province during 2013-2023 using multivariate statistical techniques. Water quality index (WQI), Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA) were determined based on monitoring data for parameters. The findings showed that only some water samples had pH values below the permissible standard, while 95.5% of samples exceeded the standard of Escherichia coli in surface water. In some years, 100% samples having BOD5, TSS, NH4+, and E. coli exceeded the permissible limits. The PCA identified four, five, and seven major potential sources during 2013-2015, 2016-2020, and 2021-2023, respectively, explaining 75.9%, 63.0%, and 63.0% of variation in the corresponding duration times. For heavy metals, the number of water samples containing As, Cu, and Pb exceeding the water permissible limits were 15.5%, 21.4%, and 2.8% samples in 2021, respectively, but no heavy metal was above standard in 2022 and 2023. The evaluation of average water quality based on WQI showed that 79.31% and 76.19% of the sample sites were classified to be average during 2016-2020 and 2021-2023, respectively, and others were bad water quality. However, the water quality showed an improving trend with 70% of monitoring positions considered as good water quality in 2023. The results showed that anthropogenic activities and hydrological regime were the main source of pollution. This study provides guidance to policymakers in developing water management strategies to have proper actions to prevent water pollution.

Growth Performance of Galaxy Rasbora Danio margaritatus Larvae Maintained at Different Stocking Densities

The issue of low survival rates and high mortality of larvae is commonly encountered during the rearing process. The success of larval rearing is significantly influenced by optimal stocking density, good water quality, and controlled feed management, all of which affect the growth and survival of the larvae. The aim of this applied research is to implement rearing techniques with different stocking densities and assess their effects on the growth and survival of galaxy rasbora (Danio margaritatus) larvae. This study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four different stocking density treatments: 1 fish L⁻¹ for treatments KT1 and PT1, 2 fish L⁻¹ for treatment PT2, and 3 fish L⁻¹ for treatment PT3, each with three repetitions. The results showed that different stocking densities had a significant effect on the growth and survival of the larvae. The highest survival rate was observed in treatment PT2, with 96% survival. The control treatment (KT1), which used a semi-intensive system, achieved the highest absolute length growth of 6.87 mm and the highest daily length growth rate of 32.73% day⁻¹. The stocking density of 2 fish L⁻¹ in treatment PT2 demonstrated optimal results in terms of survival and growth.

Anthropogenic and Natural Impacts on Surface Water Quality: The Consequences and Challenges at the Nexus of Waste Management Facilities, Industrial Zones, and Protected Areas

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of surface waters near an old landfill, to assess water quality using the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Comprehensive Pollution Index (CPI), and to identify factors influencing surface water composition using multivariate statistical analysis. The analysis of temporal changes of 15 surface water parameters (pH, EC, Cl−, NH4+, SO42−, BOD5, CODCr, TOC, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Hg, and PAH) was complemented by the investigation of surface water flow, ambient temperature, and precipitation. A twelve-year monitoring period was considered, focusing on monitoring sites located along a watercourse in the area of the Radiowo landfill (Poland). No significant correlations were found between precipitation and surface water quality parameters in the outflow direction. The results showed that the average WQI values ranged from 63.06 to 96.86, while the average CPI values ranged from 0.56 to 0.88, indicating good water quality or low pollution, respectively. The temperature had a greater influence on the physicochemical parameters than the precipitation, especially on the parameters of contamination by organic compound (correlations between temperature and BOD5, CODCr, and TOC of 0.40, 0.50, and 0.38, respectively). Significant correlations were observed between EC, Cl−, NH4, BOD5, CODCr, and TOC in the outflow direction of the landfill. In addition, surface water flow showed a significant moderate negative correlation with pH (r = -0.44) and a moderate positive correlation with Cu concentration (r = 0.47) downstream of the landfill. The analysis of surface water quality monitoring, coupled with the critical evaluation of global research, has made it possible to understand the variation in surface water quality and the factors that influence it. The study confirmed that given the complex nature of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfills, understanding the dynamics and factors affecting water quality is essential for effective water protection and management and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Aquatic insects as indicators of water quality: Seasonal distribution and biomonitoring insights from a hilly river in the Eastern Himalayan region, India

This study investigated the seasonal distribution and diversity of aquatic insect communities in the Jatinga River, a small hilly river in northeast India, to assess water quality through biomonitoring. Sampling was conducted at five sites along the river from upstream to downstream over one year seasonally (2018–2019). A total of 72 species, 58 genera, and 38 families were recorded, with species such as Micronecta sp.1, Ptilomera assamensis, and Hydropsyche sparna achieving eudominant status. Biotic index values like BMWPTHAI (score: 78–105), ASPTTHAI (score: 6.2–7.5), SIGNAL2 (score: 6.1–7), and EPT% (50.89–75.35) indicated good and clean water quality with healthy habitat at upstream sites (S1 and S2), with decreasing quality in downstream. Values of all the studied environmental variables of water were found within the permissible limit of Bureau of Indian Standards and World Health Organisation except Electrical conductivity (EC) and Total dissolved solid (TDS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed significant relationships between insect species distribution and environmental factors such as riverbed particles and water chemistry.

The Effects of Predominantly Chemoautotrophic Versus Heterotrophic Biofloc Systems on Nitrifying Bacteria, Planktonic Microorganisms, and Growth of Penaeus vannamei, and Oreochromis niloticus in an Integrated Multitrophic Culture

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of predominantly chemoautotrophic and heterotrophic biofloc systems on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and planktonic microorganisms in an integrated Penaeus vannamei and Oreochromis niloticus integrated multitrophic culture. Shrimp and tilapia were stocked at a density of 400 shrimp m−2 and 45 fish m−3, respectively. The trial consisted of two biofloc treatments, with three replicates each: chemoautotrophic and heterotrophic. The identification and quantification of the planktonic microorganisms (ciliates, flagellates, microalgae, and total bacteria) and nitrifying bacteria were carried out through direct counting and fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively. At the end of the trial, heterotrophic treatment had resulted in higher total abundance of bacteria. The relative abundance of AOB and NOB in relation to the total abundance was less than 0.1% for both treatments. The system was dominated by flagellates in both treatment groups. The abundance of microalgae and ciliates was higher with chemoautotrophic treatment. After 43 days, the shrimp weights were higher in the chemoautotrophic group, while the final weights of the tilapia were not significantly different between the two treatments. The type of biofloc system (Chemoautotrophic vs. Heterotrophic) did not significantly alter the establishment of AOB and NOB in a Penaeus vannamei and Oreochromis niloticus integrated multitrophic culture. The two treatments proved to be equally efficient for maintaining good water quality, but the chemoautotrophic treatment resulted in better shrimp growth. Thus, our study demonstrated that chemoautotrophic biofloc is a promising approach in integrated multitrophic aquaculture.

Livelihood risks arising from urban river pollution in selected marginal communities in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria

Urban river pollution has become a critical sustainability challenge worldwide. In the studies of urban river pollution, very little research focus has gone into understanding pollution effects on main river-dependent livelihoods among marginal communities in urban centres. In this study, using a context-specific risk framework, we identify and analyze (i) urban river-dependent livelihoods (ii) pathways to community exposure to urban river pollution (iii) effects and consequences on urban river-dependent livelihoods (iv) potential intervention strategies. The study uses knowledge co-production workshops, and ethnographic methods involving participant observations, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and key informant interviews as a means of generating the needed data. Our findings indicate that degraded urban rivers have had profound negative effects on river-dependent livelihoods such as food processing, poultry, livestock farming and the small-scale brick industries for construction. Further, urban river pollution has also led to livelihood-related conflicts over access to limited, good-quality water resources. Intervention strategies to improve livelihood resilience are suggested at the institutional, communal and livelihood levels. Institutional interventions include strengthening environmental laws compliance and enforcement, inter-agency collaborations and extending sanitation and urban planning to marginal communities in cities. Communal interventions are sensitization campaigns, enforced sanitation practices and calls for behavioural and attitudinal change. Livelihoods-linked interventions aim to reduce livelihood strategies’ contributions to river pollution. Such interventions include proper disposal of waste generated through livelihood strategies, and instituting practices that minimize run-off from wet industries.