Waterproof System Research Articles

Ambulatory Cardiovascular Monitoring Via a Machine‐Learning‐Assisted Textile Triboelectric Sensor (Adv. Mater. 41/2021)

Personalized Healthcare In article number 2104178, Jun Chen and co-workers report a waterproof textile-based wearable cardiovascular monitoring system that is developed via integration of a triboelectric sensor, a signal-processing circuit, a Bluetooth module, and a customized user-friendly app interface. With the assistance of machine-learning algorithms, this system can perform continuous blood-pressure monitoring against body motion and perspiration.

Theoretical Calculation and Test of Mechanical Properties of Mobile Flood Protection Wall

Abstract With global climate change, a growing number of countries and regions will have large flood disasters. Therefore, an effective and environmental protection waterproof system is essential. The mobile flood protection wall not only has the flood control capacity comparable to the traditional flood control system but also has a better landscape effect that can meet the needs of residents. However, the mobile flood protection wall presently lacks the basis of practical application and theoretical calculation. Therefore, this paper provides a theoretical calculation method for strains and stresses on a mobile flood protection wall and carries out a real test to verify the reliability of the theoretical calculation. A test pool was built to obtain the data of the strain of the mobile flood protection experiments and reflections on the risk wall during the impoundment process by strain gauge and data acquisition instrument. Through the theoretical calculation method provided in this paper, the actual test conditions are calculated, and the results obtained in the test are mutually validated. The test validates that the mobile flood protection wall is reliable in practical engineering, and the proposed calculation method can be applied to the mobile flood protection wall.

Research on Waterproof Performance of Prefabricated Utility Tunnel with Different Types of Joints

In the waterproof system of prefabricated utility tunnel, rubber gasket is usually used at the joint of adjacent pipes. The waterproofing effect of prefabricated utility tunnel joint is mostly judged by the field water injection test and the practical effect of former project. In this paper, the finite element software ANSYS is used to carry out the finite element simulation for three types of joint waterproofing of prefabricated utility tunnel. Considering the uneven settlement of utility tunnel foundation, the influence of different staggered joint installation spacing on the waterproofing of the joints is analyzed. Thus, suggestions are provided for the selection of utility tunnel joint. For the prefabricated utility tunnel with side+end face and double-side joint waterproof type, the longitudinal distance between socket joints should be constrained within 3mm after the joint is installed. It is suggested that the end face+side joint waterproof type should be used for the collapsible foundation, and the longitudinal displacement of the control socket and socket should be less than 3mm. For non-collapsible and settled foundation, double-end joint waterproof type or side+end joint waterproof type can be selected.

Discussion on the Waterproof and Drainage System of the Coastal Tunnel and Analysis of Water Pressure Law outside Lining: A Case Study of the Gongbei Tunnel

With the orderly promotion of the infrastructure construction in China, the number of coastal tunnels is increasing, but the coastal environment is accompanied by a large amount of groundwater and the designs of the waterproof and drainage system of coastal tunnels have always been a hot topic in the industry. If the waterproof and drainage system designs of the coastal tunnels are improper, the tunnel structure will easily be damaged and the stability and service life of the whole project will be affected. Based on the Gongbei tunnel project of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, this paper discusses the designs of the waterproof and drainage system, and the waterproof detail structures of the Gongbei tunnel. Indoor similarity tests were carried out to study the law of the free water discharge of the tunnel under variable water heads, the relationship between the water pressure outside the lining and the water discharge, the relationship between the water pressure outside the pipe roof and the water discharge, and the distribution of water pressure around the tunnel. The reliability of the indoor similarity test was verified by the field test. The results show that the whole waterproof system should be adopted in the Gongbei tunnel, that is, grouting ring + pipe roof freezing ring + initial lining + waterproof board + tertiary lining. In a certain range, the greater the water head, the greater the free water discharge of the tunnel. When the water head is large, the free drainage tends to a fixed value. When the tunnel is completely plugged, the water pressure outside the tunnel is distributed from the hydrostatic pressure. When the tunnel adopts drainage measures, the water pressure outside the lining will be reduced to a certain extent even the water discharge is very small. The above research can provide a reference for the design of the waterproof and drainage system similar to the coastal tunnel in the future.

Design, Test, and Engineering Application of a Composite Waterproof and Drainage System in Tunnels [隧道复合式防排水系统的设计, 试验及工程应用

Design, Test, and Engineering Application of a Composite Waterproof and Drainage System in Tunnels [隧道复合式防排水系统的设计, 试验及工程应用

System and method of drip test device for testing waterproof performance of large equipment

At present, the drip test device used in drip test is limited by the difficulty and cost of structural layout, so it is difficult to actively rotate the electrical equipment with large volume and weight, and can not meet the test requirements of various products. In view of the defects of the existing technology, this paper provides a water-proof performance drip test device, system and method. Through the active rotation of the drip pan, the rotation relative to the large-scale test equipment is generated, so as to meet the needs of the equipment waterproof performance test; and the corresponding equipment support is configured to make the equipment form the required angle state during the dripping test, which is convenient for large size Water proof test operation of electrical equipment. At the same time, it makes the test process easy for the staff to operate, has strong economic value and social significance, and can be widely used in testing units.

Reduced Environmental Stimulation in Anorexia Nervosa: An Early-Phase Clinical Trial.

Reduced Environmental Stimulation Therapy (REST) alters the balance of sensory input to the nervous system by systematically attenuating sensory signals from visual, auditory, thermal, tactile, vestibular, and proprioceptive channels. Previous research from our group has shown that REST via floatation acutely reduces anxiety and blood pressure (BP) while simultaneously heightening interoceptive awareness in clinically anxious populations. Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by elevated anxiety, distorted body representation, and abnormal interoception, raising the question of whether REST might positively impact these symptoms. However, this approach has never been studied in eating disorders, and it is unknown whether exposure to floatation REST might worsen AN symptoms. To examine these possibilities, we conducted an open-label study to investigate the safety and tolerability of REST in AN. We also explored the acute impact of REST on BP, affective symptoms, body image disturbance, and interoception. Twenty-one partially weight-restored AN outpatients completed a protocol involving four sequential sessions of REST: reclining in a zero-gravity chair, floating in an open pool, and two sessions of floating in an enclosed pool. All sessions were 90 min, approximately 1 week apart. We measured orthostatic BP before and immediately after each session (primary outcome), in addition to collecting BP readings every 10 min during the session using a wireless waterproof system as a secondary outcome measure. Each participant’s affective state, awareness of interoceptive sensations, and body image were assessed before and after every session (exploratory outcomes). There was no evidence of orthostatic hypotension following floating, and no adverse events (primary outcome). Secondary analyses revealed that REST induced statistically significant reductions in BP (p < 0.001; Cohen’s d, 0.2–0.5), anxiety (p < 0.001; Cohen’s d, >1) and negative affect (p < 0.01; Cohen’s d, >0.5), heightened awareness of cardiorespiratory (p < 0.01; Cohen’s d, 0.2–0.5) but not gastrointestinal sensations, and reduced body image dissatisfaction (p < 0.001; Cohen’s d, >0.5). The findings from this initial trial suggest that individuals with AN can safely tolerate the physical effects of REST via floatation. Future randomized controlled trials will need to investigate whether these initial observations of improved anxiety, interoception, and body image disturbance occur in acutely ill AN populations.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov; Identifier: NCT02801084 (April 01, 2016).

Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Characteristics of Waterproof System for Near-Sea Tunnel: A Case Study of the Gongbei Tunnel

The water around thenear-sea tunnels is supplied infinitely, and mechanical characteristics of the lining and movement joint are inevitably affected by waterproof methods. The research on the mechanical characteristics of the waterproof system is immature. As a case study of the Gongbei tunnel, a scale model was established in this study, and the stratum, pipe curtain, grouting circle, lining, waterproof board, and movement joint were simulated based on the similarity theories. By changing the externally applied water pressure and drainage discharge, the variation and distribution of the water pressure and strain on the lining with the fully wrapped waterproof (FWW) method, the lining with the partially wrapped waterproof (PWW) method, and the movement joint were investigated. Furthermore, several suggestions on the selection of the waterproof method were presented. The results indicate that the PWW method can reduce the water pressure and strain on the lining under the drained state. Under the state of free drainage, the strain on the lining with the PWW method may get a discount of about 30%. More attention could be paid to the waterproof of the movement joints in the construction process, especially the invert. The research results may offer some valuable insights into the waterproof design of similar near-sea tunnels.

Current Use and Future Needs of Noninvasive Ambulatory Electrocardiogram Monitoring.

Remarkable progress has been seen in monitoring systems using noninvasive ambulatory electrocardiograms (ECGs). In the Holter ECG system, 12-channel formats have been utilized as diagnostic tools, particularly for the detection of transient or silent myocardial ischemia and dynamic electrical disorders. In patients diagnosed with cryptogenic stroke, despite negative results on standard ECG tests, continuous ambulatory ECG monitoring for up to 30 days has been shown to increase the detection rate of transient atrial fibrillation. At present, a waterproof Holter ECG system is available. Recently, continuous late potential measurements using the time domain method and frequency domain T-wave alternans using the spectral analysis method for 24 hours have been applied to the Holter ECG and developed as novel risk stratification markers. Wearable ECG monitors that are built into belts, vests, wristbands, adhesive patches, and mobile smartphones have been used as fitness products for athletes and healthcare products for the general population. In the future, such devices may be used as remote monitoring tools for the detection of arrhythmias.

Research on VisualInspection System of Waterproof Breathable Membrane Based on HALCON

Aiming at the needs for high-efficiency, high-precision and stable detection of waterproof and breathable membranes, a waterproof and breathable membrane quality detection system with burrs, filaments, spots and uniformity as the detection indicatorshas been designed based on HALCON. The upper computer system is developed based on C#and the lower computer is developed based on PLC. The upper computer system analyzes and processes the images collected by the industrial camera, which is the core of the entire detection system. The lower computer communicates with the upper computer through industrial Ethernet, and sends motion instructions to the servo system through the Ethernet bus. Tests show that the system can perform high-efficiency, high-precision and stable detection of the quality of waterproof and breathable membranes.

ECG Assessment of Cardiac Function Before, During, and After a 1km Swim Performed in Normal and Cold‐Water

Cold‐water swimming is a recreational activity that may become a future Winter Olympic event. However, unintentional cold‐water exposure can lead to arrhythmias, changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) appearance, and death. This study sought to characterize cardiac responses to recreational one‐kilometer swims performed in normal and cold‐water. Competitive swimmers (2 male 2 female; age 44±17 years; BMI 24±2) completed a one‐kilometer swim (22 laps × 75‐foot lengths) under free‐living indoor (25.5°C water and 25.0°C air) and cold outdoor (10.9°C water and 6.5°C) conditions. Continuous ECGs were obtained with a waterproof recording system (Actiwave, CamNtech Inc., Boerne, TX). ECG PR‐, QT‐, and RR‐intervals (sec), ventricular diastole (sec), and heart rate (beats/minute) were measured 8.7±1.7 minutes before the swim, then 0.6±0.2, 3.0±0.0 and 6.4±2.1 minutes after the swim. Data (mean±SD) was analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA with significance if P&lt;0.05. Swimmers completed the indoor and outdoor swim events in 20.7±1.7 and 21.8±1.1 minutes, respectively. For the indoor swim, PR‐interval (sec) at −8.7, +0.6, +3, and +6.4 minutes was 0.12±0.01, 0.12±0.01, 0.11±0.01, and 0.12±0.01, and PR‐interval for the outdoor swim at −8.7, +0.6, +3.0 and +6.4 minutes was 0.13±0.01, 0.13±0.01, 0.13±0.01, and 0.14±0.01 (sec). PR‐interval was significantly longer at +6.4 minutes post cold‐water swim. For the indoor swim, ventricular diastole (sec) at −8.7, +0.6, +3, and +6.4 minutes was 0.37±0.06, 0.22±0.04, 0.30±0.01, and 0.32±0.05 (sec), and for the outdoor swim at −8.7, +0.6, +3.0 and +6.4 minutes ventricular diastole was 0.35±0.08, 0.19±0.02, 0.30±0.04, and 0.24±0.06 (sec). Ventricular diastole was significantly shorter at +6.4 minutes post cold‐water swim. No significant changes were observed for QT‐interval, RR‐interval, and heart rate between swim conditions. These parameters were also assessed for the ECG recordings collected during the 20.7±1.7‐minute normal and 21.8±1.1‐minute cold‐water swims to characterize the physiological response during swim exercise. This study of normal and cold‐water one‐kilometer recreational swimmers determined that a waterproof ECG could generate a continuous record of changes in cardiac function. During cold‐water swim recovery (+6.4 minutes) PR interval was lengthened and ventricular diastole was shortened suggesting an influence of temperature on cardiac function.

Fully waterproof two-axis galvanometer scanner for enhanced wide-field optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy.

A large field-of-view and fast scanning of photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) relatively have been difficult to obtain due to the water-drowned structure of the system for the transmission of ultrasonic signals. Researchers have widely studied the achievement of a waterproof scanner for dynamic biological applications with a high-resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio. This Letter reports a novel, to the best of our knowledge, waterproof galvanometer scanner-based PAM system with a successfully attainable ${9.0}\;{\rm mm} \times {14.5}\;{\rm mm}$9.0mm×14.5mm scan region, amplitude scan rate of 40 kHz, and spatial resolution of 4.9 µm. The in vivo characterization of a mouse brain in intact-skull microvascular visualization demonstrated its capability in biomedical imaging and is anticipated to be an effective technique for various preclinical and clinical studies.

A Framework for Real-time Cattle Monitoring using Multimedia Networks

Monitoring cattle behaviour has been a perpetual challenge in animal husbandry and animal breeding. Various methods have been used in the past to monitor the behaviour of cattle and their grazing patterns. We proposed a framework for real time cattle monitoring using multimedia networks. The study observes the grazing patterns of cattle and their behaviours in the grazing field. In order to accomplish the above observation, global positioning system monitoring collar for cattle is utilized; this technology monitors the activities of individual cattle during grazing through a networked system. The materials used in carrying out the work include cattle, waterproof global positioning system tracking collars (TR20) for cattle, and supporting application software by Sigfox’s global Internet of Things network. The paddock size was 121 by 174 m. Forage was predominantly agricultural plants. Cattle weighing up to 580 kg were used. The collared cattle were used to initiate all data collections. Latitude and longitude information of location was cumulatively stored in memory that is on-boarded and big enough for the fixing of position. Each fix record is comprised of corresponding estimation of height, date and time of global positioning system, precision value dilution, status of fix, temperature, including horizontal and vertical activity sensor counts in intervals that are fixed. Units of collar were well compacted, robust, and of about 1 kg in weight. Location fixes for over a day period were showed through testing to be accurate, at roughly 95% for eight minutes of time after correction of the difference. There was no bias of direction on the part of errors that have consistency with other studies’ finding.

Comparative Analysis of Tunnel Seepage Field under Different Waterproof and Drainage System Using Analytical Methods

Short Retraction Notice The paper does not meet the standards of "Engineering". This article has been retracted to straighten the academic record. In making this decision the Editorial Board follows COPE's Retraction Guidelines. The aim is to promote the circulation of scientific research by offering an ideal research publication platform with due consideration of internationally accepted standards on publication ethics. The Editorial Board would like to extend its sincere apologies for any inconvenience this retraction may have caused. Editor guiding this retraction: Prof. David L. Carroll (EiC of ENG) The full retraction notice in PDF is preceding the original paper, which is marked "RETRACTED".

Skin-conformal, soft material-enabled bioelectronic system with minimized motion artifacts for reliable health and performance monitoring of athletes

Recent advances in biosensors, bioelectronics, and system integration allow the development of wristband-type devices for health and performance monitoring of athletes. Although these devices provide adequate sensing outputs, they suffer from signal loss due to improper contact of a rigid sensor with the skin. In addition, when a rubber band tightly secures the sensor to the skin, the gap between sensor and skin causes inevitable motion artifacts, resulting in corrupted data. Consequently, the rigidity and bulky form factor of the existing devices are not suitable for a practical use since athletes typically go through strenuous activities during training and matches. Here, we introduce a soft, wearable flexible hybrid electronics (WFHE) with integrated flexible sensors and circuits in an ultrathin, low-modulus elastomer. The thin-film bioelectronic system avoids the use of bulky, rigid sensors, while providing negligible mechanical and thermal burdens to the wearer. Enabling conformal contact between sensor and skin minimizes undesired motion artifacts. A set of computational and experimental studies of soft materials, flexible mechanics, and system packaging provides key fundamental design factors for a comfortable, reliable, waterproof bioelectronic system. Skin conformal WFHE with sparse signal reconstruction enables reliable, continuous monitoring of photoplethysmogram, heart rate, and activities of athletes. Development of a quantitative analysis between impact force and impact velocity extracted from motion acceleration provides an objective assessment of an athletic punching force. Collectively, this study shows the first demonstration of a wireless, soft, thin-film electronics for a real-time, reliable assessment of athletic health and performance.

Field Test and Numerical Analysis of a New Water-Proof System for a Shield Tunnel

Field Test and Numerical Analysis of a New Water-Proof System for a Shield Tunnel

Research on Construction Technology of New Type Waterproof Formwork Support System for Metro Station

The leakage water of metro station is an annoying problem, so the quality of concrete construction is the node which is very concerned. This paper combined a new type of induced joint and takes Qingpu station engineering of Shanghai metro line 17 as the background, intends to design and manufacture one special formwork support as a part of waterproof system, which can make the structure of floor and side wall separately constructed. The formwork support is composed by the button steel bracket, the triangle frame of side wall and the combined large steel mould. And through the analysis of three-dimensional finite element simulation, puts forward the new method of combined scheme of induced joint construction.

ECG Assessment of Cardiac Function Before, During, and After a 1 km Swim

Assessments of electrocardiographic (ECG) responses during swimming activities are impossible without mobile waterproof recording units and rarely completed. This preliminary study characterized changes in the ventricular diastolic, PR‐, QT‐, and RR‐intervals that occurred during a 1 km indoor swim in 78°F water with a waterproof Actiwave ECG recording system (CamNtech Inc., Boerne, TX) and the .epf data files were analyzed with software from ADInstruments Inc. (Colorado Springs CO). Values within times expressed as mean ± SE with significance evaluated using ANOVA and repeated measures. Competitive club swimmers (3 male, 1 female) with an age, height, and weight of 51 ± 3 years, 175 ± 4 cm, and 83 ± 8 kg, with a BMI of 27 ± 2 completed the 1 km swim (44 laps × 75 foot laps) using a standard crawl in 17.9 ± 1.3 minutes using 10.5 ± 0.50 arm cycles/second. A continuous ECG with waveform was obtained and measurements were performed 120 and 30 seconds before swim, during the swim (at end of lap‐1, ‐22 and ‐43), and at 30 and 300 seconds post‐completion. Heart rate (from RR‐interval) −120, and −30 seconds prior to the swim, at end of swim lap 1, 22 and 43, and during recovery 30 and 300 seconds post swim was 68 ± 5, 73 ± 6, 107 ± 3, 142 ± 4, 147 ± 5, 132 ± 8 and 89 ± 3 beats/minute (P&lt;0.0001). Respective QT‐intervals were 392 ± 14, 374 ± 13, 307 ± 38, 259 ± 15, 254 ± 2, 255 ± 14, and 338 ± 6 msec (n = 2 at lap‐1, and n = 3 at lap‐22) (P&lt;0.0001). Respective ventricular diastole time was 509 ± 61, 468 ± 61, 253 ± 45, 166 ± 10, 166 ± 7, 204 ± 25 and 339 ± 26 msec (P&lt;0.0001). Respective PR‐Intervals were 130 ± 12, 127 ± 12, 111 ± 18, 111 ± 2, 105 ± 14, 107 ± 15 and 125 ± 18 msec (P&lt;0.094). Heart rate increased and duration of ventricular diastole decreased between lap 1 and 22, and was relatively stable between lap 22 and the end of lap 43. This study determined that with appropriate waterproof equipment a continuous ECG record can be collected from swimming athletes and used to provide an accurate assessment swim‐associated changes in cardiac function.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

The Innovation and Implementation of Asphalt Pavement for Steel Bridge Deck of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

The steel deck pavement construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is characterized by high technical standards, large scale, and harsh environmental conditions in the open sea. These characteristics demand very high standards for construction quality control and management. Based on the application conditions of this project, research on the materials, construction equipment, construction technology, and other aspects have been carried out. The special modifier for the Gussasphalt mixture, the automatic two-component waterproof material spraying system, and the compound asphalt mixture system have been developed. From the steel bridge pavement construction process and quality evaluation results, the proposed innovative technology is very useful and necessary to improve project quality, reduce quality risk, and guarantee the achievement of construction goals.

Evaluation and optimization of bridge deck waterproof bonding system using multi-objective grey target decision method

Surfacing of steel decks is one of the crucial issues which engineers are facing during construction of long-span steel bridges. This study aims to optimise the overall performance of the bridge deck waterproof bonding system. The waterproof bonding system used in this study consisted of two layers, a waterproof layer and a bonding layer. The role of the bonding is to ensure that the deck pavement and the steel panel can form a monolithic structure. The waterproof layer mainly prevents moisture from penetrating into the bridge deck. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the bonding performance of the waterproof adhesive system. Different types of waterproof adhesive systems were considered in the experimental design. Five performance indicators such as tensile strength, direct shear strength, skew shear strength, fatigue life, and project cost, were incorporated for evaluation. Then, the multi-objective grey target decision approach was employed as an optimised method to recommend a suitable waterproof adhesive system. Results showed that the temperature and performance indicators had a significant influence on the ranking of varying waterproof bonding system types. Findings of this research could provide the technical support for the future design of bridge deck waterproof adhesive systems.