Watermelon Samples Research Articles

Fruits Contaminated with Lead, Cadmium and Nitrate are the Risks to Human Health: A seasonal study

Background: Consumers may be contaminated by various food intakes as one of the most important sources of organic and inorganic pollutants associated with agriculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and nitrate contaminations in watermelon and carrot samples and the associated risks to human health. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 108 samples of watermelon and carrot samples were collected randomly from the supermarkets in Kashan, Iran, from October 2017 to September 2018. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and spectrophotometry were used to analyze Pb, Cd and nitrate in the collected samples, respectively. Results: The results showed that the carrot samples had the most concentrations of Pb, Cd and nitrate than those for watermelon (p<0.001). All of the samples except for some watermelons and carrots had lower contaminants than the permissible standard limits. The results of the target hazard quotient (THQ) and total THQ for the compounds were within the safe range (<1) and were not detected at harmful levels. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) of Pb and Cd were in the safe and unsafe range, respectively. However, the total cancer risk was higher than the standard level and was; therefore, unsafe to the consumers. Conclusion: The study showed that the concentrations of the compounds in carrot and watermelon may potentially be hazardous to the health of Iranian consumers.

Watermelon Ripeness Detection via Extreme Learning Machine with Kernel Principal Component Analysis Based on Acoustic Signals

Many investigations have proved that the acoustics method is intuitive and effective for determining watermelon ripeness. The objective of this work is to drive a new robust acoustics classification scheme KPCA-ELM, which is based on the kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and extreme learning machine (ELM). Acoustic signals are sampled by a microphone from unripe, ripe and over-ripe watermelon samples, which are randomly divided into two sample sets for training and testing. A set of basic signals is first obtained via KPCA of the training sample. Thus, any given signal can be represented as a linear combination of basis signals, and the coefficients of linear combination are extracted as the features of a signal. Corresponding to the unripe, ripe and over-ripe watermelons, a three-class ELM identification model is constructed based on the training data. The scheme presented in this paper is tested with the testing sample and an accuracy of 92% is achieved. To further evaluate the scheme performance, a comparison of ELM and SVM is conducted in terms of the classification results. The results reveal that the proposed scheme can classify faster than SVM, while ELM is better than SVM in accuracy.

Rapid detection of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus in watermelon through a recombinase polymerase amplification assay

Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), a member of the genus Tobamovirus, is an important quarantine plant virus worldwide, and often causes seriously damages to productions of watermelon, melon, cucumber and other cucurbit crops. In this study, we developed a novel isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technique for detection of CGMMV in watermelon samples. A pair of CGMMV specific RPA primers was prepared based on the conserved CGMMV coat protein gene sequences. The result showed that this RPA detection method can be performed at 38 °C and completed in about 30 min, and there was no cross-reactivity with other common cucurbit viruses. Sensitivity assay showed that this RPA method was more sensitive compared with the regular RT-PCR. Using field-collected watermelon tissue samples, we have demonstrated that this newly developed method is rapid, easy to use and reliable for CGMMV detection, especially in resource-limited laboratories or on-site facilities.

Physico-chemical quality and microbial safety evaluation of ready-to-eat freshcut watermelon and pineapple sold in Imus, Cavite, Philippines

The study aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical quality and microbial safety of ready-to -eat fresh-cut watermelon and pineapple sold in selected wet markets and supermarkets in Imus, Cavite. These two fruits are the top-selling fresh-cut fruits in the area based on a prior survey conducted. Higher water soaking scores were obtained from fresh-cut fruits in wet markets while lower visual quality scores were obtained from wet market samples compared with those from supermarkets. Comparing fresh-cuts from whole fruits, lower vitamin C content was observed on fresh-cut samples than whole fruit samples. For Total plate count of fresh-cut watermelons, no sample exceeded the maximum tolerance level (107 CFU/mL) for the production day for the supermarket samples while 3 out of 6 samples from the wet markets had exceeding levels. For pineapple, the number of samples which exceeded the tolerance levels were 4 out of 6 from supermarkets and 3 out of 6 from wet markets. For yeast and molds count, (maximum tolerance level is 104 ), all watermelon samples did not have exceeding levels while 5 out of 6 samples both from supermarkets and wet markets had exceeding levels. For Total coliforms, maximum tolerance is 102 . All watermelon samples exceeded this level. For pineapple, all from supermarkets and 3 out of 6 samples from wet markets exceeded the levels. All fresh-cut pineapple and watermelon samples were negative for Escherichia coli. For watermelon, 2 samples each from supermarkets and wet markets were positive for Salmonella while for pineapple, 1 sample from the supermarket and 3 from wet markets turned out positive.

THE COLLECTION SAMPLES OF WATERMELON OF BIKOVSKAYA CUCURBITS STATION ARE THE INITIAL MATERIAL FOR THE SELECTION OF NEW VARIETIES

The object of research was samples and hybrid combinations of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) of domestic and foreign selection, as well as samples from the collection of VIR. The aim of the work was to study and identify the source material of watermelon for use in the breeding process to create new varieties and hybrids of melons with a complex of economic and valuable characteristics and resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors. The essence of the experiments was reduced to the evaluation of the source material on the main features that meet the requirements for the performance of the breeding task. As a result of researches samples of a watermelon which are sources of economically valuable signs were allocated. The selection was carried out according to the yield, length of the growing season, taste and technological qualities of the fruit. Among the samples of watermelon yield was allocated 6 samples with a yield of 19.5 to 24.3 t / ha (standard 14.5 t/ha). Samples with dry matter content from 11.2 to 14.0% (standard 11.0-12.6%) were selected by taste. The length of the vegetation period in the isolated samples ranged from 68 to 72 days (standard 73 days). On the technological qualities of fruit stood out 5 samples, selected samples with an original shape and different color of fruit, bright color of the flesh. Conducted with stand-out samples of crossing allowed to select the best hybrid combinations, characterized by valuable economic characteristics. Thus, as a result of the study and selection of samples of watermelon in the collection nursery formed a working genetic collection for further use in the breeding process in the nursery hybridization obtained hybrid combinations that have the necessary features to create new varieties.

Detection and identification of Begomovirus infecting Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract. Subiastuti AS, Hartono S, Daryono BS. 2019. Detection and Identification of Begomovirus infecting Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 738-744. Begomovirus genome has high plasticity that led to evolve rapidly. Begomovirus is one of a remarkably successful group of emerging viruses as the results from combination of many factors. Planting systems in Indonesia which often overlapping two or more plant species in one land has high possibility for occurring mixed infection. It is also suggested has high contribution to increase Begomovirus diversity. The aim of this research is to do preliminary identification of Begomovirus infected-Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae in Yogyakarta based core coat protein (CP) gene sequence. A total of 50 melon, 50 chili, 30 eggplants, and 30 watermelon samples which showed Begomovirus symptoms were observed from several fields in Yogyakarta and Purworejo, Indonesia during 2016. Almost 90% of infected samples for each plant were tested by PCR and showed positive for Begomovirus. Based on coat protein (CP) gene nucleotide sequence identity, Begomovirus infected Solanaceae in Indonesia has close relationship with Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus (TYLCVKaV), while in Cucurbitaceae has close relationship with Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCV) Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV). All collected isolates showed highest sequence identity with isolates from South-East Asia and China. However, further analysis that including full genome characterization is still needed to explain Begomovirus evolution in Indonesia.

Identification of watermelon chlorotic stunt virus from watermelon and zucchini in Saudi Arabia

Symptomatic and non-symptomatic leaf samples of cucumber, zucchini, melon and watermelon plants were collected from three locations (Al-Ahsa in the East, Jizan in the South and Tabuk in the North) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during 2013–2014. The detection of begomovirus infection was commenced with serological assay, rolling circle amplification and PCR amplification with universal begomovirus primers. The zucchini and watermelon samples tested positive for the presence of begomovirus infection in 53 and 39.6%, and 54.5 and 41.5% samples using serological and PCR-based detection, respectively. Based upon the core coat protein sequence, the full-length genomes of DNA-A and DNA-B were amplified and subsequently sequenced. The sequence analysis revealed that the two clones of DNA-A shared 96.9% nucleotide (nt) sequence identity with each other while they shared 95.9–98.4% nt sequence identity with watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV) isolates reported so far. Similarly, the two DNA-B clones showed 91.8% mutual nt sequence identity, while sharing 95.2–95.5% nt sequence identity with all other reported DNA-B sequences. The phylogenetic dendrogram grouped both DNA-A clones into separate sub-groups, suggesting that both isolates were introduced separately into Saudi Arabia. The identification of WmCSV from zucchini in Saudi Arabia and other hosts in the neighbouring countries suggests that this virus is becoming an emerging threat to cucurbits in this region.

Attachment strength and on-farm die-off rate of Escherichia coli on watermelon surfaces.

Pre-harvest contamination of produce has been a major food safety focus. Insight into the behavior of enteric pathogens on produce in pre-harvest conditions will aid in developing pre-harvest and post-harvest risk management strategies. In this study, the attachment strength (SR) and die-off rate of E. coli on the surface of watermelon fruits and the efficacy of aqueous chlorine treatment against strongly attached E. coli population were investigated. Watermelon seedlings were transplanted into eighteen plots. Prior to harvesting, a cocktail of generic E. coli (ATCC 23716, 25922 and 11775) was inoculated on the surface of the watermelon fruits (n = 162) and the attachment strength (SR) values and the daily die-off rates were examined up to 6 days by attachment assay. After 120 h, watermelon samples were treated with aqueous chlorine (150 ppm free chlorine for 3 min). The SR value of the E. coli cells on watermelon surfaces significantly increased (P<0.05) from 0.04 to 0.99 in the first 24 h, which was primarily due to the decrease in loosely attached population, given that the population of strongly attached cells was constant. Thereafter, there was no significant change in SR values, up to 120 h. The daily die-off rate of E. coli ranged from -0.12 to 1.3 log CFU/cm2. The chlorine treatment reduced the E. coli level by 4.2 log CFU/cm2 (initial level 5.6 log CFU/cm2) and 0.62 log CFU/cm2 (initial level 1.8 log CFU/cm2), on the watermelons that had an attachment time of 30 min and 120 h respectively. Overall, our findings revealed that the population of E. coli on watermelon surfaces declined over time in an agricultural environment. Microbial contamination during pre-harvest stages may promote the formation of strongly attached cells on the produce surfaces, which could influence the efficacy of post-harvest washing and sanitation techniques.

Possible Effects of Location and Handling on Some Fungi Associated with Rotting &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Citrullus lanatus&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Thunb. (Watermelon)

An experiment was conducted to examine probable impact of location and handling on the fungi commonly associated with rotting watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). The rotting watermelon samples were obtained from two vendors each from five different markets (Bodija, Sango, Mokola, Eleyele, Agbowo and Ojoo) in Ibadan, Oyo state. They were placed in different sterile sample bags which were labeled appropriately before bringing them to the Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Ibadan. Isolation of fungi from the rotting samples was carried out using pour plate method on acidified Potato Dextrose Agar (APDA). Pathogenicity test was also conducted for the isolated fungi. All experiments were done in duplicates and all plates were incubated at 25°C ± 2°C for 7 days. Pure cultures were obtained and identified and each isolated fungus was recorded as 1 which means present and 0 which means absent. The data obtained were analyzed using SAS version 9.3 at p ≤ 0.05. A total of three fungi were isolated viz., Aspergillus flavus, Saccharomyces cerevisae and Aspergillus niger. Occurrence of A. niger and A. flavus in samples obtained from Bodija, Mokola, Sango and Ojoo markets were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than those from the other two markets. Occurrence of S. cerevisae in samples obtained from Bodija and Mokola markets were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than those from the other three markets. Location had significant impact on the occurrence of isolated fungi in the rotting watermelons. However, handling by vendors had no significant impact on occurrence of the isolated fungi. Vendors and consumers are advised to be mindful of place of purchase and to also maintain good general hygiene before consumption.

Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in Jordan using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

ABSTRACTA total of 158 fruit and vegetable samples produced in Jordan were examined for the presence of pesticide residues using the multi-residue analysis technique by Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the QuEchERS extraction method. A total of 73 samples (46%) were free from detectable residues, while 85 samples (54%) contained residues. Among the tested samples, 34 (22%) contained residues above Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) and 51 (32%) contained residues at or below MRLs. Most of the detected residues were found in sweet pepper, peach and apricot samples. Only watermelon samples were free from detectable residues, while tomato and melon samples exhibited residues below MRLs. Out of the 113 pesticides tested, 22 pesticides were found above the limit of detection, 9 of which (hexaconazole, propargite, propiconazole, myclobutanil, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, clothianidin, clofentezine and pyridaben) had residues that violate MRLs according to European regulations. A continuous monitoring programme for pesticide residues in Jordanian fruits and vegetables is highly recommended.

Development and diffusion of practical technologies for pesticide residue analysis.

We often encounter difficulties in analyzing pesticide residues in food, since the residue level to be measured is infinitesimal but the food samples may contain a variety of matrices, including interferences, for chromatographic analysis. Thus it is important to find out the key points to be checked in the extraction, purification, and determination steps of analysis. We have attempted to develop practical technologies for the analysis of pesticide residues in raw agricultural commodities based on the following studies: The effect of processing and cooking on pesticide residue levels in several crop samples (rice, wheat, soybean, and sesame) was investigated. The processing factor is useful to estimate the amount of exposure to each pesticide residue for risk assessment and is helpful in setting the maximum residue limits of processed foods. In addition, residue levels in the peel and pulp of watermelon, melon, and kiwi fruit samples were examined to confirm the differences in the distribution of residues. As a basic study, the effect of water-soaking pretreatment of powdered dry cereal on extraction efficiency was examined, and an optimal time for water-soaking was found. A recent study examined the ability of several new types of solid-phase extraction columns to remove matrices in brown rice samples and verified the effective purification method for each sample.

Prevention and Control of Continuous Cropping Obstacle of Watermelon by Reductive Soil Disinfestation (RSD)

This study aimed to explore whether reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is an effective method of controlling continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon. Samples of watermelon continuous cropping soils were treated by RSD in laboratory tests and pot experiments in August 2015 and from December 10, 2016 to April 10, 2017. The soil samples for the laboratory test were divided into 16 groups, and each group comprised three parallel samples of 100 g (dry soil weight). Except for the original and control (CK) samples, the 14 other groups of soil samples were treated with different combinations of 1% or 3% alfalfa powder, 1% or 3% ammonia (NH3) water, and 1% or 3% acetic acid. The soil samples were placed inside size-five self-styled plastic bags and incubated in a constant-temperature biochemical incubator at 35°C for 14 days after blending, flooding, and sealing. Seven groups of soil samples were designed for the pot experiments based on the laboratory test results. Each group consisted of 30 parallel samples of 3 kg (dry soil weight). These samples were incubated outdoors for 4 months after mixing with alfalfa powder and/or NH3 and/or acetic acid according to the experimental design, blending, flooding, and sealing. Watermelon seedlings were planted in the air-dried soil samples from May to July in 2017. The results showed that the pH of the soil samples treated by RSD were elevated except for those samples with acetic acid. In addition, the electrical conductivities of the soil samples treated by RSD were effectively adjusted. The presence of soil-borne pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum was significantly suppressed (p < 0.05) in soil samples treated by RSD, and the incidence and mortality rate of watermelons planted in these samples were remarkably lower than those planted in the CK and flooded CK soil samples. Therefore, continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon can be controlled by RSD.

Magnetic solid‐phase extraction of benzoylurea insecticides by Fe3O4 nanoparticles decorated with a hyper‐cross‐linked porous organic polymer

A magnetic polytriphenylamine porous organic polymer was prepared through simple self-polycondensation of triphenylamine followed by coprecipitation with Fe2+ and Fe3+ . It was applied as a magnetic adsorbent for the extraction of six benzoylurea insecticides from tomato, cucumber, and watermelon samples before their high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectral detection. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the established method gave a low limit of detection ranging from 0.05 to 0.1ng/g and a good linear response ranging from 0.2 to 40ng/g with coefficients of determination >0.99. The method recoveries for spiked analytes at the concentrations of 3 and 15ng/g in real samples were in the range of 87.7-106.7% with the relative standard deviations <6.4%. The results indicated that it had a good adsorption capability toward the target analytes due to the π-stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions. The polymer material showed great potential in the efficient extraction of organic compounds from real samples with complex matrixes.

INVESTIGATION OF WATERMELON AND MELON DOMESTIC SELECTION IN THE SOUTHERN ZONE OF THE AMUR REGION

Melon crops have long been non-traditional crops in the Amur region, being grown in small quantities in household plots, while the climatic conditions of Southern Priamurie are favorable for their large-scale cultivation. The results of the study of 10 samples of watermelon and 4 samples of melons of domestic selection in the conditions of the southern zone of Amurskaya Oblast are presented. According to the evaluation of the collection, 7 samples of watermelon are selected: Start, Graal F1, Fronder, Vektor, Skorik, Rapid, Foton, and 2 samples of melon: Alisa F1 and Lolita. They are characterized by sufficiently early ripeness, high and stable yield of marketable fruits of good taste. These varieties and hybrids are promising for cultivation in the south of Amurskaya Oblast. The characteristics of these varieties are summarized and recommendations for their cultivation are offered.

Electrospun UiO-66/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers as efficient sorbent for pipette tip solid phase extraction of phytohormones in vegetable samples

In this work, metal-organic framework particles incorporated fibers (UiO-66/PAN nanofibers) were used as adsorbent in pipette tip solid phase extraction (PT-SPE) for the first time. The UiO-66/PAN nanofibers were fabricated by a facile electrospinning method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption-desorption experiments. The UiO-66/PAN nanofibers were applied to assemble a novel PT-SPE cartridge for determination of four phytohormones followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Several experimental parameters such as kinds of UiO-66/PAN nanofibers, the amount of UiO-66/PAN nanofibers, the effect of solution pH, ionic strength and desorption conditions were intensively investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the linear ranges of the phytohormones were in the range of 0.06–60 ng/mL with correlation coefficients above 0.992. The limits of detection were between 0.01 ng/mL to 0.02 ng/mL. The interday and intraday precision (RSD) for three replicate extractions of the four phytohormones (15 ng/mL for each) was in the range of 1.5–5.6%. The established method was successfully applied for the determination of phytohormones in watermelon and mung bean sprouts samples. The results showed that the electrostatic interaction between the positively charged UiO-66 and anionic forms of phytohormones played an important role in the extraction of the phytohormones.

First Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Bacteriophages Infecting Acidovorax citrulli, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Fruit Blotch.

Bacteriophages of Acidovorax citrulli, the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch, were isolated from 39 watermelon, pumpkin, and cucumber leaf samples collected from various regions of Korea and tested against 18 A. citrulli strains. Among the six phages isolated, ACP17 forms the largest plaque, and exhibits the morphology of phages in the Myoviridae family with a head diameter of 100 ± 5 nm and tail length of 150 ± 5 nm. ACP17 has eclipse and latent periods of 25 ± 5 min and 50 ± 5 min, respectively, and a burst size of 120. The genome of ACP17 is 156,281 base pairs with a G + C content of 58.7%, 263 open reading frames, and 4 transfer RNA genes. Blast search and phylogenetic analysis of the major capsid protein showed that ACP17 has limited homology to two Stentrophomonas phages, suggesting that ACP17 is a new type of Myoviridae isolated from A. citrulli.

Use of a hypercrosslinked triphenylamine polymer as an efficient adsorbent for the enrichment of phenylurea herbicides

A hypercrosslinked triphenylamine polymer (HCTPA) was prepared through a simple one-step Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction. The HCTPA had an extended π-conjugated system, large specific surface area and high micropore volume. In order to evaluate its extraction performance, the HCTPA was used as the adsorbent for the solid-phase extraction of the phenylurea herbicides (monuron, chlortoluron, isoproturon, monolinuron and buturon) from watermelon, tomato and cucumber samples. The main parameters that could affect the extraction efficiency including the sample volume, sample solution pH, sample solution loading rate and desorption conditions were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the HCTPA showed a good extraction performance for the target analytes. The linear range for the quantification of the analytes was in the range of 0.4–160.0 ng g−1 with the correlation coefficients of 0.9996–0.9999. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) of the analytes by the method ranged from 0.06 to 0.12 ng g−1 for watermelon and tomato, and 0.06–0.15 ng g−1 for cucumber samples. The recoveries of the analytes for the method were between 83.1% and 112.5% with the relative standard deviations below 5.5%. These results indicate that the HCTPA can be used for the enrichment of phenylurea herbicides from complex matrix samples like watermelon, tomato and cucumbers.

Simultaneous determination of afidopyropen and its metabolite in vegetables, fruit and soil using UHPLC-MS/MS

ABSTRACTA new analytical method using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) procedure for simultaneous determination of afidopyropen and its metabolite M440I007 residues in tomato, watermelon, pepper, cucumber, pear, grape, cabbage and soil samples was developed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The target compound was determined in less than 5.0 min using an electrospray ionisation source in positive mode (ESI+). The limit of quantification was 1 μg kg−1 in different matrices. Two sorbents primary secondary amine and graphitised carbon black were used in the QuEChERS procedure, and matrix-matched standards gave satisfactory recoveries and relative standard deviation (RSD) values in different matrices at three spiked levels (1, 10 and 500 μg kg−1). For afidopyropen, the recoveries ranged from 83% to 104% with an intra-day relative standard deviation (RSDr) of 1–8%, while they were from 80% to 103% with RSDr of 2–8% for M440I007. Reproducibility ranged between 1% and 19% for the three spiked levels.

First Report of Cucurbit Leaf Crumple Virus Infecting Three Cucurbit Crops in South Carolina

Virus-like symptoms of curled and crumpled leaves, bright yellow chlorosis, and marginal leaf necrosis typical of begomovirus infection were observed on watermelon, summer squash, and muskmelon in three counties in South Carolina in August 2017. Genus-specific primers for begomovirus-A and begomovirus-B components produced amplicons of the expected sizes. Sanger sequencing of amplicons from both A and B components and BLASTn analysis revealed a high nucleotide sequence identity in seven watermelon samples from Beaufort and Charleston counties and five muskmelon samples from Charleston County with cucurbit leaf crumple virus.

FIRST REPORT OF TOBACCO CURLY SHOOT VIRUS (TbCSV) AND ITS ASSOCIATED SATELLITES FROM WATERMELON IN CHINA

Tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV), a monopartite begomovirus (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae), is a serious threat to many crops and weeds in China and India. In this study, a begomovirus disease complex was identified from a watermelon sample displaying severe leaf curling and yellowing symptoms. The genome of this TbCSV isolate Y3560 contained 2,744 nucleotides (nt) and shared 97.9% identity with the TbCSV YN4519 isolate. The complete nucleotide sequence of the betasatellite DNA molecule associated to isolate Y3560 contained 1,342 nt and shared 91.0% sequence identity with the Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus betasatellite isolate TYLCCNB-Y319. The nucleotide sequence of the alphasatellite contained 1,372 nt and shared the highest levels of identity (94.0%) with Tobacco curly shoot virus associated DNA1 (TbCSA). This is the first report of a monopartite begomovirus and associated satellites from watermelon.