Watermarking In Wavelet Domain Research Articles

Performance enhancement of SVD based dual image watermarking in wavelet domain using PSO and JAYA optimization and their comparison under hybrid attacks

Performance enhancement of SVD based dual image watermarking in wavelet domain using PSO and JAYA optimization and their comparison under hybrid attacks

Tamper detection technique for document images using zero watermarking in wavelet domain

Existing tamper detection techniques for document images use the textual information of the image to create a zero watermark. These techniques cannot authenticate a document image if the image is tampered with in non-textual regions. In order to resolve this problem, a tamper detection technique for document images is proposed using the concept of zero watermarking. The input document image is transformed by applying lifting wavelet transform to get its subbands. These subbands are further partitioned into non-overlapping blocks of the same size. Features of each blocks are extracted to create a zero watermark. This watermark is combined with the key watermark in order to create a meaningful watermark. This meaningful watermark is stored by a trusted authority. On the receiver side, the meaningful watermark is compared to the watermark generated using tampered image to check the authenticity of the cover image. The tampered regions of the cover image can also be localized using this technique. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique in comparison to the existing authentication techniques.

A novel robust image watermarking in quaternion wavelet domain based on superpixel segmentation

Feature-based image watermarking is a well-developed area of digital image watermarking. The key advantage of such an approach is the ability to guard against the local desynchronization attacks. However, research in this area usually suffers from the following limitations: (1) The feature points focus too much on the high contrast region and are distributed unevenly. (2) The feature point detector is sensitive to the texture region, and some noise feature points are always detected in the texture region. Based on superpixel image segmentation and quaternion wavelet transform, we propose a digital image watermarking approach which is highly robust against common image processing operations and local geometric transformations. First, the entropy rate superpixel segmentation is used to segment the host image into several homogeneous regions. Then, for each segment region, image feature points are extracted using the SIFER detector, and the affine invariant local regions are constructed adaptively. Finally, the digital watermark is embedded into the local regions by modulating the invariant modulus coefficients. Experimental results are provided to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed image watermarking, especially for noise attacks and local desynchronization attacks.

Performance comparison of recent optimization algorithm Jaya with particle swarm optimization for digital image watermarking in complex wavelet domain

Nowadays copyright protection is mandatory in the field of image processing to removes the illegitimate utilization and imitation of digital images. The digital image watermarking is one of the most reliable methods for protecting the illegal validation of data. In this paper, singular value decomposition based digital image watermarking scheme is proposed in complex wavelet transform (CWT) domain using intelligence algorithms like particle swarm optimization (PSO) and recently proposed Jaya algorithm. The watermark image is embedded into high frequency CWT subband of cover image. At the time of watermark embedding and extraction, optimization algorithms Jaya and PSO are applied to improve the robustness and imperceptibility by assessing the fitness function. The perceptual quality of watermarked image and robustness of extracted watermark image are verified under the filtering, rotation, scaling, Gaussian noise and JPEG compression attacks. From the comparative analysis it is proved that Jaya algorithm is better as compared to PSO algorithm under most types of attacks with higher magnitudes whereas identical under the lower magnitude of applied attacks. Moreover, using variety of cover images, it is found that, the elapse time and value of fitness function given by Jaya algorithm are also better as compared to PSO.

SPIHT‐based multiple image watermarking in NSCT domain

SummaryImage watermarking in wavelet domain is a challenging problem as it includes a proper selection of wavelet transforms as well as sub‐bands for accurate embedding and recovery of watermarks. However, selection of a suitable wavelet transform for multiple image watermarking is an area of great interest. Therefore, in this work, a multiple watermarking technique using combination of redundant discrete wavelet transforms (RDWT), non‐subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT), set partitioning in hierarchical tree (SPIHT), and singular value decomposition (SVD) is proposed. The proposed scheme is aimed to achieve high capacity, robustness, and imperceptibility. The security aspect of the proposed method is enhanced by using Arnold transform. Since RDWT and NSCT are both shift invariant in nature, therefore they are suitable for multiple image watermarking. Furthermore, the proposed method provides flexibility in selection of appropriate sub‐bands for watermark embedding and recovery. Experimental results and analysis reveals that the proposed technique gives maximum PSNR, NC, and SSIM value up to 40.97 dB, 1, and 0.9994, respectively. Furthermore, the performance estimation of our technique is found superior to previously reported techniques under consideration.

Hybrid semi-blind image watermarking in redundant wavelet domain

Image watermarking in wavelet domain has been found useful for copyright protection and rightful ownership. Classical wavelet transforms, like discrete wavelet transform (DWT), are shift sensitive and provide information in horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions only. Shift invariance and directional information are required for better reconstruction of images. In this work, we propose a semi-blind gray scale image watermarking technique in redundant wavelet domain. The primary focus of this research is to highlight the usefulness of redundant wavelet transforms in image watermarking. We have used nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) and redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT). These redundant transforms are shift invariant. Also, NSCT provides rich directional information. Thus, they overcome the shortcomings of DWT and are more useful in image watermarking. We have integrated singular value decomposition (SVD) in the proposed method. We use NSCT-RDWT-SVD decomposition for single and dual image watermarking. For single watermark embedding, cover images are sub-sampled followed by one level NSCT and RDWT decomposition. SVD has been applied on obtained RDWT coefficients. In the same way, image watermark has been processed and NSCT-RDWT-SVD decomposition has been applied on it. SVD coefficients of the cover image and watermark image have been combined using scaling factor. Inverse SVD-RDWT-NSCT operation together with reverse sub-sampling provides watermarked image. For extraction of the watermark, we follow the NSCT-RDWT-SVD decomposition and SVD coefficients have been separated by the same scaling factor that was used in embedding. In the dual watermarking, Arnold transform has been used for encryption of the text watermark and rest of the steps are similar to single watermarking. NSCT, RDWT and SVD improve the performance of the proposed method against geometrical and image processing attacks for single and dual image watermarking. Experiments have been carried over standard images and results have been shown for natural and medical images. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), correlation coefficient (CC), bit error rate (BER) and structural similarity index metric (SSIM) show that the proposed method is suitable for single and dual image watermarking, and outperforms existing methods.

A robust video watermarking scheme using sparse principal component analysis and wavelet transform

The extension of internet facility profoundly eases the dissemination of all digital data such as audio, images and videos to the general public. This paper proposes a blind scheme for digital video watermarking. In this paper, a discrete wavelet domain watermarking is adopted for hiding a large amount of data with high security, good invisibility and no loss to the secret message. At first, dual tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT) is applied on each frame decomposing it into a number of sub-bands. Then, holo entropy of each sub-band is calculated and the maximum entropy blocks are selected. The selected blocks are transformed using sparse principal component analysis (SPCA). The maximum coefficient of the SPCA blocks of each sub-band is quantised using quantisation index modulation (QIM). The proposed video watermarking scheme is analysed through various constraints such as the normalised correlation (NC) and the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR).

A robust video watermarking scheme using sparse principal component analysis and wavelet transform

The extension of internet facility profoundly eases the dissemination of all digital data such as audio, images and videos to the general public. This paper proposes a blind scheme for digital video watermarking. In this paper, a discrete wavelet domain watermarking is adopted for hiding a large amount of data with high security, good invisibility and no loss to the secret message. At first, dual tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT) is applied on each frame decomposing it into a number of sub-bands. Then, holo entropy of each sub-band is calculated and the maximum entropy blocks are selected. The selected blocks are transformed using sparse principal component analysis (SPCA). The maximum coefficient of the SPCA blocks of each sub-band is quantised using quantisation index modulation (QIM). The proposed video watermarking scheme is analysed through various constraints such as the normalised correlation (NC) and the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR).

Efficient digital image watermarking for mobile applications by optimising the spread spectrum technique

In this paper, the spread spectrum watermarking in wavelet domain is optimised by using a number of techniques to make it more efficient when executed by a platform running on mobile devices. The proposed techniques can be executed efficiently and consume less computational and power resources as compared to the conventional spread spectrum-based watermarking. The proposed technique represents binary bits in the watermark using symbols, wherein each symbol represents at least 2 binary bits. A symbol is then mapped into a pseudo noise sequence and embedded in the digital image. Our analytical results show that our schemes reduce the number of operations required for watermarking by ∼50%, while our experimental results show that our schemes save about ∼59 and ∼67% in processing time and energy consumption, respectively.

A Chaos- Based Video watermarking in Wavelet Domain

A novel video watermarking scheme based on chaotic maps and wavelet transform is proposed in this paper. The algorithm encrypts a logo image as a watermark signal by bit xor’ing the pixel values of logo and a chaotic map, thus the security of the proposed scheme will be increased. In order to enjoy a robust watermarking algorithm, the chaotic watermark signal is embedded into the discrete wavelet transform coefficients of I-frames,. The investigational results demonstrate that the proposed design can achieve outstanding robustness to common attacks, and it surpasses the existing techniques.

A Fusion Technique of Video Watermarking in Wavelet Domain and Encryption Method for Video Authentication

In Recent time’s security of multimedia content or digital products on the internet is very crucial. Data security is awfully essential. Hence, Watermarking and Encryption are a corresponding outline of security in protecting multimedia content. In this regard this, paper proposed a combine technique of watermarking and encryption method. Digital watermarking is the process of embedding data into digital multimedia content. Encryption is also one technique to give security for information. It involves reshuffling of pixel of the image based on scan pattern. For reconstruction of the original image decryption process is also done. The experimental results show that this combine technique gives double security for the protection of video content and achieves good PSNR.

Robust and Secure Multiple Watermarking in Wavelet Domain

Robust and Secure Multiple Watermarking in Wavelet Domain

Hybrid Security System based on Wavelet Domain Watermarking and Chaotic Map Cryptography

paper presents a novel hybrid security system that combines wavelet based watermarking with block based chaotic maps cryptography. A watermark is chaotically encrypted before being embedded in the detail coefficients of the wavelet transformed cover image. Using the developed system, the potential of embedding more than one watermark inside one cover image is investigated. The results indicate that combining watermarking and cryptography gives an added layer of security. Also, even though embedding more than one watermark is more robust to attacks it can potentially distort small size cover images.

A Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on Wavelet Transform

Digital watermarking is a new information security technology, and it uses the information to protect the security of multimedia data hiding technique. Digital watermarking in wavelet domain can make effective use of the human visual system characteristics, and can be compatible with the international compression standard, and the embedding watermark signal energy can be distributed to all of the pixel space. Based on the characteristic of multi-resolution wavelet decomposition and human visual system model matching, digital watermarking algorithm based on wavelet transform is proposed in this paper. The algorithm for tamper proof is designed by quantifying the significant wavelet coefficients to embed watermark sequence. Preprocessing and quantifying the image of this algorithm are studied, which resolves the rounding error and overflow problem brought by the watermarked image pixel values of wavelet transform. Through various attack test and analysis, the experimentation shows that it has strong robustness, can resist many common image attacks, and has strong practicability.

Optimal sub-band and strength selection for blind watermarking in wavelet domain

With increasing use of digital media, need for digital rights management has arisen. Watermarking is used to hide copyright protection information in the host medium. Hiding information to ensure digital right protection must ensure high imperceptibility and an acceptable level of robustness. In the watermark embedding, appropriate watermark strength and place selection in the host image is the most critical aspect of the whole process. Both watermark strength and place selection are considered as optimisation problems and are optimised using genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimisation (PSO). The watermark is embedded in the wavelet domain. With the proposed method optimal wavelet family, band, watermark strength and wavelet depth level are selected to ensure higher robustness and imperceptibility. The watermark is embedded in the selected bands of the wavelet packets. The band and wavelet depth is selected using GA and watermark strength is optimised using PSO method. The proposed method shows promising results against attacks on a variety of filters, i.e. low pass, high pass and median filters. Robustness results on JPEG compression and gaussian noise are also improved compared with the current approaches in practice.

Energy-based coefficient selection for digital watermarking in wavelet domain

The massive spreading of broadband networks and new developments in digital technology has made ownership protection and authorisation of digital multimedia a very important issue. The reason is the availability of powerful tools for editing, lossless copying and transmission of digital multimedia such as images. Image watermarking is now an effective solution for the problem of authentication and protection of copyrighted image content. In this paper, discrete wavelet transform DWT-based watermarking technique is proposed in which mean energy of the each of 32 × 32 block in the CH and CV subbands is calculated and range of coefficients that exceed the mean energy of the block are selected for watermark embedding. Watson perceptual distortion control model is considered to keep the perceptual quality of the image and genetic programming GP is used to provide optimum watermarking level for the selected coefficients. The results show that there is almost no difference between original and watermarked image demonstrating key feature of imperceptibility. The technique has been tested and proves to be effective against a set of malicious attacks.

Biomedical Image Watermarking in Wavelet Domain for Data Integrity Using Bit Majority Algorithm and Multiple Copies of Hidden Information

The current paper presents a novel and unique scheme for biomedical image watermarking in wavelet domain by hiding multiple copies of the same data in the cover image using bit replacement in the horizontal (HL) and vertical (LH) resolution approximation image components. The proposed scheme uses an approach for recovering the hidden information from the damaged copies due to unauthorized alteration of the data by applying an algorithm to find the closest twin of the embedded information by bit majority algorithm. Experimental results of the proposed watermarking technique show much enhancement in the visual and statistical invisibility of hidden information after data recovery that supports the improvement in performance.

An SVD-based image watermarking in wavelet domain using SVR and PSO

The paper presents a novel blind watermarking scheme for image copyright protection, which is developed in the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and is based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) and the support vector regression (SVR). Its embedding algorithm hides a watermark bit in the low–low (LL) subband of a target non-overlap block of the host image by modifying a coefficient of U component on SVD version of the block. A blind watermark-extraction is designed using a trained SVR to estimate original coefficients. Subsequently, the watermark bit can be computed using the watermarked coefficient and its corresponding estimate coefficient. Additionally, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is further utilized to optimize the proposed scheme. Experimental results show the proposed scheme possesses significant improvements in both transparency and robustness, and is superior to existing methods under consideration here.

Robust gray-scale logo watermarking in wavelet domain

In this paper, a robust logo watermarking scheme based on image fusion is proposed. Unlike existing watermarking schemes, the used watermark is a gray scale logo instead of randomly generated Gaussian noise type watermark. The core idea of the proposed scheme is to decompose an image into frequency sub-bands using wavelet transform followed by the embedding in selected blocks of sub-bands obtained by ZIG-ZAG sequence. Block selection is done by taking variance of the blocks into consideration. The experimental results show better visual imperceptibility and resiliency of the proposed scheme against intentional or un-intentional variety of attacks and superiority is carried out by comparison made by us with the existing schemes.

Intelligent reversible watermarking in integer wavelet domain for medical images

The prime requirement of reversible watermarking scheme is that the system should be able to restore the cover work to its original state after extracting the hidden information. Reversible watermarking approaches, therefore, have wide applications in medical and defense imagery. In this paper, an intelligent reversible watermarking approach GA-RevWM for medical images is proposed. GA-RevWM is based on the concept of block-based embedding using genetic algorithm (GA) and integer wavelet transform (IWT). GA based intelligent threshold selection scheme is applied to improve the imperceptibility for a fixed payload or vice versa. The experimental results show that GA-RevWM provides significant improvement in terms of imperceptibility for a desired level of payload against the existing approaches.