Waterborne Paints Research Articles

Drying Process of Waterborne Paint Film on Bamboo Laminated Lumber for Furniture

In this study, bamboo laminated lumber for furniture was coated with waterborne acrylic paints. The effects of different environmental conditions (including temperature, humidity and wind speed) on the drying rate and performance of the waterborne paint film were investigated. Then, the drying process was optimized using the response surface methodology, and the curve model of drying rate was established, which can provide a theoretical basis for the drying process of the waterborne paint film for furniture. The results showed that the drying rate of the paint film changed with the drying condition. With an increase in temperature, the drying rate increased, and the surface and solid drying time of the film decreased. Meanwhile, with an increase in humidity, the drying rate decreased and the surface and solid drying time increased. Moreover, the wind speed can influence the drying rate, but the wind speed does not significantly affect the surface and solid drying time. The adhesion and hardness of the paint film were unaffected by the environmental conditions, but the wear resistance of the paint film was affected by the environmental conditions. Based on the response surface optimisation, the fastest drying rate was realised at a temperature of 55 °C, humidity of 25% and wind speed of 1 m/s, and the optimal wear resistance was realised at a temperature of 47 °C, humidity of 38% and wind speed of 1 m/s. The paint film drying rate reached the maximum value in 2 min and tended to remain constant after the film was completely dried.

Functional Olive Pit Powders: The Role of the Bio-Based Filler in Reducing the Water Uptake Phenomena of the Waterborne Paint

In this study, olive pit powders were added to a polyurethane-acrylate paint for examining the impact of two alternative functionalization processes in increasing the filler hydrophobicity in an effort to increase the durability of the paint. In order to look into potential changes in morphology and appearance owing to the surface conversion treatments of the two bio-based additives, the coatings were examined using electron microscopy and colorimetric tests. The coating’s resilience and the hydrophobic/hydrophilic role of the fillers were evaluated by salt spray chamber exposure, contact angle measurements, paint liquid resistance, UV-B exposure, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, which highlighted the reduction in water absorption inclination of the filler made of lignocellulose due to the silane and wax functionalization. This study demonstrated that the bio-based filler, if properly functionalized, can actually be implemented as multifunctional pigment in waterborne paints, giving specific aesthetic characteristics, but also improving the barrier performance of the polymeric matrix and increasing the durability of the composite coating.

Olive pit powder as multifunctional pigment for waterborne paint: influence of the bio-based filler on the aesthetics, durability and mechanical features of the polymer matrix

In this work, olive pit powder has been added into a polyurethane-acrylate top-coat paint, evaluating the effect of four different filler amounts on the aesthetics, durability and mechanical features of the composite coatings. The samples were characterized by electron microscopy and colorimetric analyses to assess the possible change in morphology and appearance introduced by the bio-based additive. The durability of the coatings was evaluated by salt spray chamber and UV-B exposures, which evidenced the water absorption tendency of the lignocellulose-based filler and its severe chemical-physical degradation, respectively. Otherwise, the filler based on olive pit causes an increase in the mechanical features of the polymeric matrix, such as abrasion resistance, hardness and static coefficient of friction. Although the coating containing high concentrations of olive pit powder demonstrated poor durability, this study revealed that the bio-based filler can be employed as multifunctional pigment, providing particular aesthetic features, but also improving the mechanical durability performance of polyurethane-acrylate paints.

ZnO recovered from spent alkaline batteries as antimicrobial additive for waterborne paints.

Biocides are employed to prevent biodeterioration in waterborne paints. In the present study, we used zinc oxide nanoparticles (obtained from spent alkaline batteries) as biocide for indoor waterborne paint at 1.5% of the total solid content in paint. Two different zinc oxides synthesized from spent alkaline batteries, which showed photocatalyst activity, were employed as an antimicrobial agents. After leaching the anode of alkaline batteries, zinc was precipitated from the leachate liquor by introducing oxalic acid (O-ZnO) or sodium carbonate (C-ZnO). The antimicrobial properties of the prepared oxides were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (bacteria), Chaetomium globosum, and Aspergillus fumigatus (fungi) using agar well diffusion method. C-ZnO inhibited the growth of all the strains studied and presented enhanced activity than O-ZnO. The better performance as antimicrobial agent of C-ZnO compared to O-ZnO was attributed to its lower crystallite size, higher amount of oxygen monovacancies, and to its lower band gap energy. The oxide with the best performance in antimicrobial activity, C-ZnO, was employed for the formulation of waterborne acrylic paints. It was observed that 1.5% C-ZnO improved the antifungal properties and antibacterial properties compared to the control sample.

The use of environmentally friendly abrasive blasting media for paint removal from wood surfaces

This study determined some physical changes that occur on wood surfaces aged in a marine environment resulting from the removal of coatings using environmentally friendly media blasting. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood coated with water-borne and synthetic paints was exposed to a marine environment for 100 days. The aged paint layers were removed using five different media (sodium bicarbonate, hazelnut shell granules, corncob granules, walnut shell granules, and apricot kernel granules), varying blasting angles (45° and 90°), blasting distances (7 and 10 cm), air pressures (2 and 2.5 bar), and nozzle diameters (0.5 and 0.8 mm) using an automated blasting cabinet. The results showed that corn cob granules and sodium bicarbonate were less effective than other media for removing paint layers at the application parameters. The samples were tested for hardness, gloss, and total color change. Samples exhibited a remarkable total color change and gloss increase when the blasting distance was increased from 7 cm to 10 cm, while their hardness decreased. The highest gloss value was obtained on surfaces blasted with a nozzle diameter of 0.5 cm. Surfaces blasted with a nozzle diameter of 8 mm, however, yielded the highest total color change and hardest values.

Colloidal silver as innovative multifunctional pigment: The effect of Ag concentration on the durability and biocidal activity of wood paints

This study aims to assess the effect of two different colloidal silver amount on the durability and biocidal activity of a water-borne wood paint. The influence of this multifunctional pigment on the aesthetical features of the coatings was evaluated by colorimetric measurements and optical microscopy observations. The durability of the samples was investigated by means of different accelerated degradation tests, such as the exposure in a climatic chamber and to UV-B radiations. Scanning electron microscope observations, infrared spectroscopy analysis and colorimetric inspections were carried out to highlight the residual influence of silver in altering the protective behavior of the paint. Moreover, the Ag-containing samples exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, while colloidal silver did not introduce effective fungicidal performances against Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor fungi. Ultimately, this work demonstrates how colloidal silver can be used as a functional pigment in wood paint, capable of modifying the appearance of the coating, improving its antibacterial performance, without negatively affecting its protective performance.

Effect of Urea–Formaldehyde Resin–Coated Colour–Change Powder Microcapsules on Performance of Waterborne Coatings for Wood Surfaces

Microcapsules have received a great deal of attention from researchers due to their excellent properties, and are commonly prepared by interfacial and in situ polymerisation methods. In situ polymerisation is an important method of microcapsule preparation, which has a number of advantages such as low cost and suitability for industrial production. Microencapsulation is used to modify the state of the material in order to improve its practical usability and mechanical and optical properties. In this paper, urea–formaldehyde resin–coated colour–changing powder microcapsules were prepared and their properties were used to study the colour–changing properties of wood surface coatings, and the mechanical and optical properties of waterborne paint films incorporating colour–changing powder microcapsules were tested. The results show that as the microcapsule content increases, the colour–change effect of the coating gradually becomes obvious and the amount of change in the b–value representing the yellow hue gradually increases. As the microcapsule content increased from 1.0% to 13.0%, the b–value increased from 0.7 to 2.6. The gloss of the film decreased significantly with the increase in the microcapsule content of the colour–change powder, with the highest gloss at 1.0%. The impact resistance of the film was also influenced by the content of microcapsules in the waterborne topcoat, with the best impact resistance at 5.0%, level 2 of adhesion at 1.0%–5.0% and 11.0%–13.0%, and level 1 of adhesion at 7.0% and 9.0%. In terms of mechanical and optical properties, the 5.0% content of colour–changing powder microcapsules is the best for the overall performance of waterborne topcoats. In practical furniture applications, the microcapsules prepared in this paper can change the colour in appearance according to the actual temperature and play a decorative role.

Reactive Extrusion Synthesis of Biobased Isocyanate-Free Hydrophobically Modified Ethoxylated Urethanes with Pendant Hydrophobic Groups.

Development of hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethane (HEUR) rheology modifiers enabled the widespread application of waterborne paints and coatings, replacing their environmentally burdening solvent-based predecessors. However, the diisocyanates, required for the conventional synthesis of HEURs, pose severe eco-sustainability threats. In this paper, we demonstrate an innovative approach to avoiding toxic components in the preparation of rheology modifiers by obtaining a new class of water-soluble isocyanate-free hydrophobically modified ethoxylated poly(hydroxy-urethane)s (IFHEURs). The first step in the synthetic pathway was the preparation of CO2-based five-membered poly(ethylene glycol) bis(cyclic carbonate) and its subsequent aminolysis using 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine, yielding poly(hydroxy-urethane) (PHU) prepolymers terminated with cyclic carbonate groups. The PHU prepolymers were further extended in a reactive extrusion (REX) synthesis using biobased hydrophobic diamine PRIAMINE 1075. The REX technique made it possible to overcome the typical limitations of the aminolysis reaction and to reach the desired conversion within a moderate reaction time. IFHEURs have been structurally elucidated using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy techniques, MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry, and SEC analysis and applied as rheology modifiers. The study of their associative behavior in aqueous solutions confirmed that the architectural flexibility of the obtained IFHEURs, containing terminal and pendant hydrophobic groups, opens a perspective for tuneable thickening performance.

Synthesis of Nano-ZnO Composite Polystyrene Acrylic Emulsion and Its Application in Chinese Painting Pigments

With the continuous development of coating technology and environmental protection concepts, coating has become an indispensable item in the field of architecture and industry. Styrene acrylic emulsion as a new type of waterborne paint has attracted much attention since its emergence. Its functional modification is the focus of research, but the research results have not been ideal. To further improve the performance of styrene acrylic emulsion, nano-ZnO composite polystyrene emulsion was synthesized by emulsion polymerization, and its properties were analyzed. Aiming at the problem that nanopigments are prone to agglomeration, corresponding solutions are proposed, and the stability of nano-coatings is preliminarily studied. The inherent culture and essence of traditional culture and art is the wealth of realizing the unique nationalization and internationalization of design works. There is a lot of artistic quintessence in traditional Chinese painting art that can be used for reference to visual communication design. Through in-depth understanding and learning of Chinese painting theory and techniques, designers’ aesthetic abilities and innovation abilities can be qualitatively improved. First of all, the emulsion polymerization was carried out by semicontinuous method. The composite polystyrene emulsion containing different content of nano-ZnO was successfully prepared, which was recorded as N, Z, Z15, Z25, and Z35, respectively. The properties of the emulsion were determined, and the solid content, monomer conversion, viscosity, water absorption, and bacteriostatic effect of the emulsion were determined. The experimental results show that the solid content of emulsion Z15 (nano-ZnO content is 15%) reaches the highest value of 43.5%. The content of monomer in the emulsion affects the solid content, but the higher the monomer content, the better the solid content. The highest monomer conversion of Z15 was 86.4% at 80°C. The monomer conversion increased with the increase of polymerization temperature and tended to be stable after reaching the highest value. In the absence of nano-ZnO, the viscosity of the emulsion is the highest, and the viscosity of the emulsion decreases with the increase of the content of nano-ZnO monomer. Z35 (when the content of nano-ZnO is 35%) is the highest, which is 18.91%. The water absorption increases with the increase of nano-ZnO content. The content of nano-ZnO in the emulsion increased, the MIC value became smaller, and the bacteriostatic effect became better and better. This indicates that nano-ZnO composite polystyrene emulsion has good monomer conversion, super water resistance, and bacteriostatic effect, but its viscosity is relatively poor.

Assembly of partially covered strawberry supracolloids in dilute and concentrate aqueous dispersions

HypothesisCore-corona supracolloids can be assembled in aqueous dispersions by controlling the physical interactions between the corona and core colloidal particles. A raspberry corona configuration with full surface coverage of the core can be reached by inducing strong attractive interactions between the individual particles. A controlled partial surface coverage of the core, i.e. strawberry configuration, is however, more difficult to achieve. Supracolloids with different surface coverage ratio exhibit unique and multifunctional surface properties. ExperimentsBy counterbalancing the multiple physical interactions playing a role during the assembly, the configuration and stability of the assemblies could be fine-tuned over a wide range of concentrations. Supracolloids consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEO)-grafted polymer particles covered by silica nanoparticles were assembled with different configurations, by adjusting the pH and ionic strength of the dispersion, the PEO grafting density and the particles concentration. The self-assembly process and resulting configurations were monitored via cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) and light scattering. FindingsThe suitable conditions to assemble supracolloids with partial corona coverage have been established. Stable strawberry supracolloids could be prepared, both for diluted (1 wt%) and concentrated (12 wt%) dispersions. These hybrid supracolloids with well-defined configuration are highly relevant to developing advanced water-borne paints and inks, food dispersions, cosmetic and healthcare products.

Exploring the Capabilities of a Piezoresistive Graphene-Loaded Waterborne Paint for Discrete Strain and Spatial Sensing.

The development of a piezoresistive coating produced from dispersing graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) inside a commercial water-based polyurethane paint is presented. The feasibility of its exploitation for realizing highly sensitive discrete strain sensors and to measure spatial strain distribution using linear and two-dimensional depositions was investigated. Firstly, the production process was optimized to achieve the best electromechanical response. The obtained materials were then subjected to different characterizations for structural and functional investigations. Morphological analyses showed a homogenous dispersion of GNPs within the host matrix and an average thickness of about 75 µm of the obtained nanostructured films. By several adhesion tests, it was demonstrated that the presence of the nanostructures inside the paint film lowered the adhesion strength by only 20% in respect to neat paint. Through electrical tests, the percolation curve of the nanomaterial was acquired, showing an effective electrical conductivity ranging from about 10−4 S/m to 3.5 S/m in relation to the different amounts of filler dispersed in the neat paint: in particular, samples with weight fractions of 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5 and 6 wt% of GNPs were produced and characterized. Next, the sensitivity to flexural strain of small piezoresistive sensors deposited by a spray-coating technique on a fiberglass-reinforced epoxy laminate beam was measured: a high gauge factor of 33 was obtained at a maximum strain of 1%. Thus, the sensitivity curve of the piezoresistive material was successively adopted to predict the strain along a multicontact painted strip on the same beam. Finally, for a painted laminate plate subjected to a mechanical flexural load, we demonstrated, through an electrical resistance tomography technique, the feasibility to map the electrical conductivity variations, which are strictly related to the induced strain/stress field. As a further example, we also showed the possibility of using the coating to detect the presence of conducting objects and damage.

Synthesis of styrene and n-butyl acrylate latex polymers modified by functional monomers and their waterborne paint applications

Synthesis of styrene and n-butyl acrylate latex polymers modified by functional monomers and their waterborne paint applications

Probabilistic Service Life Model of Pavement Marking by Degradation Data

Pavement markings are important features for improving road safety. As these markings must possess adequate retroreflectivity, road agencies are concerned about retroreflectivity maintenance. Consequently there is an increased focus on modeling the durability of pavement markings. Such models use time-to-failure data from life test experiments. The current study proposes a new method that consists of three steps: (i) designing an accelerated experiment for data collection; (ii) fitting a pavement marking retroreflectivity model using a generalized linear mixed model and the degradation data from the planned experiment, confirming the goodness of fit of the fitted model through the residual analysis; and (iii) conducting Monte Carlo simulation (with at least 10,000 runs of simulated vectors of the fitted model’s coefficients) to obtain the pavement marking service life distribution for a failure retroreflectivity threshold level. The simulation of service life of pavement marking provides relevant information, such as service life expectation and empirical quantities of interest (as median). The proposed method is applied to data on retroreflectivity degradation obtained from an experimental test site, a Brazilian highway with a high traffic volume, with two fixed factors (waterborne paints and glass bead application rates, both with three levels). The model indicates that retroreflectivity decreases at an average rate of 2% per day, and how materials differ from each other. The proposed model is easily implementable and can help management teams to adequately plan the maintenance time for pavement markings.

Construction of high-efficiency fixing structure of waterborne paint on silicate-modified poplar surfaces by bridging with silane coupling agents

To improve the wettability, the surface free energy, and film adhesion performance of silicate-modified poplar wood (SMPW) surfaces, different silane coupling agents (KH550, KH560, KH570, and KH580) were applied to SMPW surfaces. The properties including film adhesion, functional groups, wettability, penetration depth, and surface free energy were analyzed and characterized by film adhesion tests, FT-IR, XPS, SEM, contact angle measurements, optical magnifying microscope test, and surface free energy calculations. The results showed that the film adhesion of poplar wood, SMPW, and the silane coupling agents KH550, KH560, KH570 and KH580 treated SMPW surfaces were grade 1, grade 3, grade 1, grade 0, grade 1, and grade 0, respectively. The SEM test results were consistent with results of the paint film adhesion. According to the XPS results, there were two binding energies peaks at 99–104 eV and 151–155 eV, corresponding to Si 2p and Si 2s, respectively, indicating that the form of Si had changed. In the FITR spectra, the SiOSi stretching and bending vibrations on the surface of the modified material treated with silane coupling agents were significantly stronger than that of the SMPW, indicating that silane coupling agents chemically bonded to the surface of the SMPW. The contact angles of the WBSV on the surface of poplar material, SMPW and silane coupling agent KH550, KH560, KH570, and KH580 were 50.60°, 77.17°, 52°, 45.92°, 52.83°, and 47.20°, respectively. The wettability of the surface after silicate modification was lower than that of the poplar material. After silane coupling agent treatment, the wettability of the surface to the WBSV was improved to varying degrees. The surface free energy of poplar and SMPW were 46.88 and 37.72 (10−3 J·m−2), respectively, illustrating that SMPW reduced the surface free energy. The surface free energy of SMPW treated with silane coupling agents KH550, KH560, KH570, and KH580 was 45.10, 50.93, 44.06, and 49.49 (10−3 J·m−2), respectively, which showed that the surface free energy of SMPW treated with different silane coupling agents was higher than that of SMPW.

Modeling the wetting of titanium dioxide and steel substrate in water-borne paint and varnish materials in the presence of surfactants

This paper reports the results of studying the effect of two additives such as polyether siloxane (PS) and sodium polyacrylate (SPA) on the wetting of various substrates in water-borne paints (WB paints). Titanium dioxide (TiO2), paraffin (PA), steel (ST), and glass (GL) were used as solid substrates. The edge wetting angle (θ0) and the ratio (dCosθ/dСS) were used as the criterion for assessing the wettability of solid substrates. In aqueous solutions (without acrylic resin), both surfactants improve the wetting of the substrates. For PS, all the substrates studied, depending on θ depression, can be arranged in a row: ST>PA>GL>TiO2. For SPA: PA>TiO2>GL>ST. The introduction of an acrylic film-forming agent in the composition enhances the wetting ability of SPA (in comparison with the aqueous solution of surfactants). With an increase in the concentration of SPA from 0 to 4 g/dm3 in acrylic resin solutions, the edge wetting angle of steel decreases by 6÷8° (while in water by only 3°). With respect to TiO2, the wetting activity of SPA does not depend on the acrylic content of the water. PS in acrylic-containing compositions exhibits worse wetting activity than SPA. The introduction of surfactants in the compositions improves the quality of coatings. With optimal SPA contents in the compositions, the corrosion rate of coatings is reduced (in distilled water by 45 %, in 60 % NaCl solution by 60 %). At the same time, the gloss of coatings increases by 50 % while adhesion increases by 2 points (according to ISO 11845: 2020). This is fully correlated with the nature of the effect of surfactants on the wetting of the steel substrate and pigment (titanium dioxide). Based on probabilistic-deterministic planning, the compositions of WB paints were optimized, ensuring their maximum wetting of TiO2 and ST. Equations for calculating cosθ depending on the content of acrylic polymer and surfactants have been derived

LONG-TERM field study of a Waterborne paint with a nano-additive for biodeterioration control

Biodeterioration in building façades represents an important economic loss related to maintaining a functional protective coating system. Research papers with long-time studies on paint performance exposed to field conditions are scarce. Fungi, cyanobacteria, and algae are frequently present in biofilms formed in outdoor locations. Among these, defacement caused by fungi is known for the broad damage spectrum produced. Therefore, it is important to extend the service life of the protective coatings systems. To reach this goal, studies that consider the action of both biotic and abiotic factors acting simultaneously for prolonged periods are necessary. The present research work presents the assessment carried out on acrylic outdoor paint with a nano-additive exposed to long-term field conditions. Paint with 1% by weight of ZnO particles with nano-sized crystallites (nano-additive) was exposed to natural weathering. Samples with north and south orientation were evaluated by long-term field studies during a period of four years. The incorporation of the nano-additive proved to extend service life. In the paints facing north, the ZnO particles were more efficient for the biodeterioration control.

Effect of different alginate salts on the rheological and tensile properties of waterborne paints

Alginate is a seaweed derivative used as thickener in the food and biomedical industries. It is mainly known for its gelling ability with divalent cations and can exist as salt of the alginic acid with different monovalent cations. In this study, a multifunctional approach was used to evaluate the influence of different types of alginate salts on the microstructural properties of a water-based architectural coating. A basic formulation containing cellulose as thickener was considered as benchmark; three different salts of alginic acid, specifically sodium, potassium and ammonium, were investigated as alternative thickeners. The performance of alginate and the role of the counterion were evaluated through rheological, application and tensile tests.Strain sweep test was used to evaluate the paints viscoelastic nature; in particular, it is useful to investigate the storage stability. The evaluation of viscosity curves and Three Interval Thixotropy Test, 3ITT, predicted the application phase and the possible occurrence of surface defects. In addition, the coatings behavior was practically verified through the analysis of the brush application process on gypsum boards. Tensile properties of dried films were measured as well to evaluate the counterion effect in the solid state.The results showed that alginate counterions slightly influence the properties of the formulations during the storage. On the other hand, a greater influence is evidenced from 3ITT results, which foresee their application. Finally, the dried samples showed different tensile properties mainly depending on the concentration of the alginates rather than their type.

Novel insecticide waterborne coating based on isoxazole benzene sulfonamide derivatives as insecticide agents

PurposePaper aims to Preparation and evaluation of isoxazole benzene sulfonamide derivatives and incorporated it with waterborne household paints to develop coating compositions as an insecticidal coating against Musca domestica adults.Design/methodology/approachThe synthesized compounds were prepared and confirmed by different analyzes, fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), mass, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) and Carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13CNMR) spectra. The prepared compound has been blended with waterborne household paint formulation, the physical and mechanical properties of the paint formulation has been studied. The efficiency of the isoxazole benzene sulfonamide derivatives when incorporated with waterborne paint against Culex quinquefasciatus and Mosquito house fly adults, also have been examined.FindingsThe obtained results of the paint formulations confirmed their best performance and providing good scrub resistance. Also, the finding promising results of the insecticide test of the paint formulation may be because of the biological activity of these compounds and containing sulfonamide, cyanide and free aromatic amine groups comparing with the standard recommended organophosphorus insecticide. The order activity increase with increasing the dose concentration of the isoxazole derivatives and the activity of chemical compounds itself is represented in terms of their medium lethal concentrations LC50 (LC90), which recorded 0.90(1.62), 0.89(1.61) and 0.86(1.56) g/ml for 5, 3 and 4 chemical compounds, respectively, after 72 h from treatment.Practical implicationsThese types of organic compounds are friendly environmentally and can be used as a biocide with different types of paint formulations.Originality/valueInsecticide waterborne household paints based on isoxazole benzene sulfonamide derivatives as insecticide agents are novel.

Duplex Anti-Corrosion Protection of Steel Using a Combination of Hot-Dip Galvanising and Water-Soluble Paints

Abstract The goal of this paper is an evaluation of research aimed at corrosion and mechanical resistance of the so-called duplex system applied to a steel sheet. This system consists of a metal coating applied by hot-dip galvanising, to which an acrylic, water-soluble paint is commonly applied (commonly available on the Czech market) using standard technology in an air stream. For the purposes of the corrosion resistance comparison, one set of test specimens is provided only with a hot-dip galvanised coating. The mechanical resistance of applied anti-corrosion protection was determined by means of a pull-off adhesion test (according to the ČSN EN ISO 4624 standard), as well as an indentation test (according to the ČSN EN ISO 1520 standard). The corrosion resistance tests were then conducted in a salt spray environment (according to the ČSN EN ISO 9227 standard) for the samples not damaged by mechanical tests. Based on the obtained results, in general, waterborne paints with high dry matter content, low specific gravity and high zinc phosphate content, which are applied in several thinner layers, can be recommended.

Enhanced anticorrosion properties of water-borne anticorrosive paints based on Zinc/magnesium/nanocarbon (Zn/Mg/NC).

Zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) network structures have been prepared chemically in presence of stable aqueous dispersion of nanocarbon (NC) to form the corresponding hybrid sol gel (HSG) of Zn /Mg /NC. Morphological studies and particle size distribution of the formed (HSG) have been determined via SEM/EDX, TEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS) respectively. The prepared (HSG) of different weight percent (3, 6, 9, 12 %) has been incorporated into ecofriendly anticorrosive water born paint formulations to protect carbon steel from corrosion. The painted metal panels have been tested for degree of rusting and blistering resistance in accordance with ASTMD. The physico- mechanical properties of the coated panels have been also investigated. The effect of the prepared HSG in enhancing corrosion protection efficiency IE% of the painted panels has been monitored by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results revealed that as the concentration of the prepared HSG increases as the IE% increases. Maximum inhibition efficiency IE% up to 96.5% was obtained. As far as we know, these featured corrosion resistances for the prepared paint formulations have not been reported yet in the open literature.