Waterborne Epoxy Research Articles

High-Strength, Dimensionally Stable, and Flame-Retardant Fast-Growing Poplar Prepared by Ammonium Polyphosphate–Waterborne Epoxy Impregnation

High-Strength, Dimensionally Stable, and Flame-Retardant Fast-Growing Poplar Prepared by Ammonium Polyphosphate–Waterborne Epoxy Impregnation

Hydrothermally synthesized ZnO-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for enhanced anticorrosion performance of waterborne epoxy coating

Hydrothermally synthesized ZnO-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for enhanced anticorrosion performance of waterborne epoxy coating

Durability evaluation of mechanical and bonding properties of polyurethane-modified waterborne epoxy resin for road

ABSTRACT To further improve the application quality of the waterborne epoxy resin (WER) in road engineering, a variety of WER and polyurethane-modified WER were prepared. The WER was treated by acid solution immersion, alkali solution immersion, salt solution immersion, oil immersion or artificial-accelerated aging. The mechanical properties of the WER before and after the treatment by various methods were tested. Based on the ideal point method of entropy weight, the influence degree of each treatment method on the mechanical properties of the WER was analysed, and the mechanical properties decay and residual mechanical properties of the WER were evaluated. The bonding durability of the WER was analysed. The results show that after the xenon lamp aging treatment, the mechanical properties of the WER decreased most significantly. The mechanical durability of the WER modified by polyurethane is improved to a certain extent, and the retention rates of their mechanical properties are >85%. After treatment by various corrosion or aging methods, the retention rates of mechanical properties of the PUE-E44 WER are >89.29%, showing an improved corrosion and aging resistance. The residual mechanical and bonding properties of the PUD-E51 WER are at a high level, and still show improved mechanical and bonding properties.

Improved anticorrosive property of waterborne epoxy coating by ultrasonic blending with small amounts of polyaniline

In order to improve the anticorrosive performance of waterborne epoxy (WEP) coating, small amounts of polyaniline (PANI) were blended under ultrasonic irradiation to obtain PANI/WEP composite coatings with high dispersibility of PANI particles. The PANI/WEP composite coatings were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Their adhesive force level and hardness grade were tested based on the Chinese National Standard GB/T9286-1998 and GB/T6739-1996, respectively. These results indicated that, compared to the pristine WEP coating, the addition of PANI with suitable content could completely fill the micropores or microcracks and remarkably improve the hardness grade of composite coatings. The electrochemical impedance spectra and Tafel polarization curves revealed that the addition of PANI not only could increase the impedance arc, but also could increase the impedance modulus at low frequency. Then, the salt spray tests were employed to observe the anticorrosive performance of PANI/WEP composite coatings. Finally, the enhanced anticorrosive mechanism of WEP coating by the addition of small amounts of PANI was proposed and discussed. The addition of PANI with suitable content could play an important role of physical and chemical barriers to improve the anticorrosive performance of waterborne epoxy coating.

Interpenetrating network polymer (IPN) composite coating containing fluorinated polyacrylic complex latex particles toward high wear and corrosion resistance

Interpenetrating network polymers (IPN) have broad development prospects because of achieving the expected performance characteristics via the selection of functional groups and the ratio of components. In this work, the as-prepared waterborne fluorinated polyacrylate (F-PA) complex latex particles using emulsion polymerization were introduced into waterborne epoxy resin (EP) coatings for improving its hydrophobicity, toughness and compactness. The structure and physicochemical properties of prepared samples were characterized by TEM, SEM, XPS, FTIR and DMA techniques. The results indicate that EP/F-PA with a dense IPN structure successfully solves poor compatibility between F-PA and EP, which leads to excellent mechanical and damping properties. Both increased by 33.2% and 26.8% respectively. The friction test shown that the negative volume was reduced by 50.6%, the composite coating displayed excellent wear resistance. In addition, the fluorinated components and IPN structure increase the diffusion path of the corrosive medium, which has been demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulations, providing outstanding corrosion resistance for coatings. The |Z|0.01 Hz of composite coating had increased by 3.4 times. Novel composite coating with an IPN structure can offer a feasible strategy for the development and real-world application of multifunctional coatings.

Study on preparation of modified antifreezing micro-surfacing and its road performance and antifreezing effect

In order to solve the problem of road freezing caused by low temperature rain and snow in spring and winter, a kind of micro-surfacing with antifreezing function was prepared in this paper. At the same time, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and waterborne epoxy resin (WER) were used to modify the antifreezing micro-surfacing in order to obtain antifreezing micro-surfacing with better performance. The skid resistance, abrasion resistance and rutting resistance of ordinary antifreezing micro-surfacing (OMS) and modified antifreezing micro-surfacing (MMS) with different content of antifreeze fillers were evaluated by sand patch method, British Pendulum Number (BPN), freeze–thaw cycle wet track abrasion test and rutting deformation test. The antifreezing effects of OMS and MMS were compared by icing test and salt precipitation test under the same amount of antifreeze filler. The road performance test results show that the road performance of antifreezing micro-surfacing decreases with the increase of antifreeze fillers. The skid resistance of MMS under different abrasion degrees, abrasion resistance under extreme freeze–thaw environment and rutting resistance are better compared with OMS. The abrasion resistance and rutting resistance performance have been greatly improved, which effectively reduces the risk of large area aggregate stripping of antifreezing micro-surfacing in its special working and service environment. At the same time, the test results of antifreezing effect show that there is no significant difference in macroscopic antifreezing effect between OMS and MMS. The salt precipitation test indicates that the MMS is beneficial to the sustained release of the effective components of antifreezing. Therefore the MMS can effectively alleviate the deterioration of road performance caused by the addition of antifreeze filler. It is helpful to prolong the service life of antifreezing micro-surfacing and gives full play to the advantages of easy paving and efficient antifreezing. The research on the MMS is of great significance to solve the problem of snow freezing in new and old asphalt pavement.

Preparation and Properties of a Novel Waterborne Epoxy Resin Modified Emulsified Asphalt

Preparation and Properties of a Novel Waterborne Epoxy Resin Modified Emulsified Asphalt

Synergistically assembled graphene/ZnO composite to enhance anticorrosion performance of waterborne epoxy coatings.

In this work, waterborne epoxy resin and graphene/ZnO (Gr/ZnO) were employed as the matrix and nanofiller to construct composite coatings with enhanced anticorrosive performance. The corrosion protection properties of the coatings were significantly improved by the dispersed Gr sheets, as well as the parallelly assembled ZnO nanoparticles. The most remarkable improvement was achieved by adding 0.04 wt% of Gr and 0.4 wt% of ZnO in the Waterborne Epoxy (WEP) coatings, where the highest impedance was 200 530 Ω cm2 on Gr0.04–ZnO0.4, far more than pure epoxy with 6186 Ω cm2 after 7 days of immersion in electrolytes. Furthermore, the Gr0.04–ZnO0.4 coatings and corresponding corrosion products immersed in a 3.5% NaCl solution for 30 days were also characterized, which could further reveal anticorrosion mechanisms of the graphene modified WEP coatings and the passivated effect of ZnO. Through the mechanism analysis, we also found that ZnO could be employed as the barrier reinforcement to improve the dispersibility of graphene in WEP coatings, and the parallel assembly of graphene occurs spontaneously, leading to remarkable improvement of anticorrosion properties.

Gemini Surfactant-Assisted Preparation of Sulfonated Polyaniline Copolymer for Waterborne Epoxy Coating with Promising Anticorrosion and Antibacterial Performance

Gemini Surfactant-Assisted Preparation of Sulfonated Polyaniline Copolymer for Waterborne Epoxy Coating with Promising Anticorrosion and Antibacterial Performance

Gemini Surfactant-Assisted Preparation of Sulfonated Polyaniline Copolymer for Waterborne Epoxy Coating with Promising Anticorrosion and Antibacterial Performance

Gemini Surfactant-Assisted Preparation of Sulfonated Polyaniline Copolymer for Waterborne Epoxy Coating with Promising Anticorrosion and Antibacterial Performance

Synthesis and Evaluation of Amine Values of Waterborne Epoxy Curing Agent Obtained by Aza-Michael Addition Reaction of N, N' Methylenebisacrylamide and M-Xylylenediamine.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Amine Values of Waterborne Epoxy Curing Agent Obtained by Aza-Michael Addition Reaction of <i>N</i>, <i>N</i>&apos; Methylenebisacrylamide and <i>M</i>-Xylylenediamine.

Effect of Curing Agent Dosage on Fire Resistance of Waterborne Epoxy Coating

The water-based epoxy fire retardant coating is formed by reaction curing, which not only has good anti-corrosion performance, but also has environmental protection and flame retardant performance, which is suitable for construction machinery painting or steel structure buildings. However, the curing and cross-linking process of water-based epoxy coatings is centered on the curing agent, which gradually diffuses into the epoxy resin particles. The curing agent molecules first contact the surface of the epoxy resin dispersed phase particles and undergo a cross-linking curing reaction. As the reaction progresses, the relative molecular weight and glass transition temperature of the epoxy resin on the particle surface gradually increase, so that the diffusion rate of the curing agent molecules into the particles gradually slows down, which means that the curing reaction inside the epoxy resin dispersed phase particles Less than its surface, resulting in a low internal crosslink density, and ultimately not all epoxy groups have the opportunity to interact with the activating groups of the curing agent. Therefore, this paper studies different proportions of waterborne epoxy emulsion and curing agent. The results show that when m (epoxy emulsion): m (curing agent) = 7:3, the fire resistance and comprehensive performance of the coating are the best.

Eco-friendly functionalization of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets with carbon dots towards reinforcement of the protective performance of water-borne epoxy coatings

A h-BN@CDs/WEP coating shows superior corrosion protection under intact or damaged status owing to the improved barrier properties and interfacial bonding of the coating.

Optimal Preparation and Characterization of Self-Curing Concrete Containing Internal Superabsorbent Polymer and External Waterborne Epoxy Coating

Optimal Preparation and Characterization of Self-Curing Concrete Containing Internal Superabsorbent Polymer and External Waterborne Epoxy Coating

Preparation, properties and compound modification mechanism of waterborne epoxy resin/styrene butadiene rubber latex modified emulsified asphalt

To improve the pavement performance of emulsified asphalt (EA) and reveal the compound modification mechanism of waterborne epoxy resin and styrene butadiene rubber latex (WER/SBR) to EA, the EA samples with different WER/SBR dosages were first prepared. Then the influences of WER/SBR on the basic properties, rheological performance, low-temperature cracking resistance, thermal stability, chemical compositions, phase microstructure, and micromorphology of evaporation residues of EA were discussed using basic property tests, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test, bending beam rheometer (BBR) test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR) test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test, X-ray diffraction (XRD) test, laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) test and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) test. Results show that the penetration, softening point, and ductility of EA were improved by SBR, but the ductility was decreased by WER. SBR formed a network film through the physical action, enhancing the toughness of EA. WER formed a high-strength network through the chemical reaction, improving the high-temperature thermal stability of EA. However, the low-temperature cracking resistance of EA is deteriorated with the increase in WER dosage. Additionally, when the WER dosage was lower, the WER particles as dispersed phase exist in the asphalt continuous phase, and the SBR network film shows a strong cross-linking degree. When the WER dosage is 6%, the SBR network film is damaged to a certain extent. Also, the high-strength network formed by WER and the unbroken SBR network are interpenetrated to form a more compact and stable three-dimensional network. Meanwhile, the interlayer spacing and crystallite size of EA reach the maximum values. When the WER dosage is 8%, the three-dimensional network is damaged, and the compatibility between WER and asphalt becomes unsatisfactory. Finally, the WER dosage of 6% is proposed to combine with SBR dosage of 3% for preparing WER/SBR modified EA.

A deformable honeycomb sandwich composite felt with excellent microwave absorption performance at a low absorbent loading content

In this work, a novel deformable honeycomb sandwich composite felt (DCF) was fabricated through dipping method that using polyester felt (PET-F) as matrix, water-borne epoxy resin mixed with self-made microwave absorbent as microwave absorbing coating. The DCF with honeycomb-like sandwich structure possesses enhanced mechanical properties and excellent microwave absorption (MA) performance. In addition, the components of coating also endow DCF with shape memory behavior which makes it more suitable for various scenarios. The minimum reflection loss of the DCF with the optimal comprehensive performance can reach −55.90 dB with the thickness of only 1.4 mm and the effective absorption bandwidth is 4.87 GHz. The excellent MA performance of DCF is attributed to the well impedance matching and strong loss characteristics, which is closely related to moderate conductive network, multiple loss mechanism and special structural. This work may have reference significance for the practical application of MA materials.

Amphiphilic Thermoresponsive Poly(Hydroxyaminoethers) as Effective Emulsifiers for Preparation of Waterborne Epoxy Resins

AbstractAmphiphilic poly(hydroxyaminoethers) (PHAEs) with thermoresponsive solubility in aqueous solutions are developed in this study. Through the control of stoichiometric ratios of functional groups and the reaction temperature, a series of PHAEs with different hydrophilic segments is synthesized, as evidenced by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. These PHAEs could be dissolved in aqueous solutions and exhibit the thermal phase transitions with lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) due to the hydrogen bonding between the hydrophilic segments and water, as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, the hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance (HLB) values suggest that the PHAEs are more hydrophilic amphiphiles and suitable for use as oil‐in‐water emulsifiers. Consequently, commercially available epoxy resins can be successfully stabilized by the PHAEs in water to form stable emulsions. These crosslinkable waterborne epoxy resins show good thermal and resistance properties, and the feasibility in anticorrosion coating applications for steel surfaces is demonstrated.

Flame retardancy effect of melamine cyanurate in combination with aluminum diethylphosphinate in a fully waterborne epoxy system

A water-soluble sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) epoxy monomer was cured with a waterborne polyamine hardener to prepare a fully waterborne epoxy system. Aluminum diethyl phosphinate (AlPi) and melamine cyanurate (MC) flame retardants (FRs) were utilized to develop the flame retardancy of this epoxy matrix. The effect of loading different weights of MC with only 1%P-content from AlPi was discussed to investigate the possible cooperative effect of these two FRs. The best results were obtained at 5% MC loading with 1%P of AlPi as the self-extinguishing behavior was observed with a good limiting oxygen index (LOI). Furthermore, under forced flaming conditions in cone calorimetry measurements, the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) decreased by 27.4%, and the total heat release (THR) decreased by 14.5% compared to the reference epoxy system. This enhancement of flame retardant properties might indicate the synergistic effect between MC and AlPi in a waterborne system.

Preparation and properties of paint prepared with nanofibrillated cellulose and waterborne epoxy resin

A new type of water-based paint was prepared with Salix nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), epoxy resin (E-51), and emulsified curing agent as raw materials. The mechanical blending of coated films was characterized. The mechanical properties and friction and wear properties of the coated film were tested. Microstructure was studied by scanning electron and transmission electron microscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, and other methods. The results showed that when the amount of NFC was 1.0%, the overall performance of the coated film was improved. Herein, the flexibility was 1 mm, the adhesion was 0, the hardness was 4 H, the wear value was 15 mg/100 r, the impact resistance was 49 cm, and the gloss was 85 Gs. The friction and wear coefficient of the composite coated film after the addition of cellulose nanofibers was reduced to 0.171, which was 58.5% lower than that before the addition of cellulose nanofibers. The surface observation after abrasion indicated that the composite coated film mainly experienced abrasive wear.

Synthesis of waterborne epoxy resin with diethanolamine-assisted succinimide for improving the strand integrity of polyimide filament

A water-soluble epoxy resin emulsion was synthesized by diethanolamine-assisted succinimide modified epoxy resin (DSEP) and used to reinforce the strand integrity of polyimide filament (PI). FTIR, XPS, and 1H NMR provide an evidence for the succinimide (SI) and diethanolamine (DEA) bonded onto the epoxy resin (EP) structure in the form of C-N-C. The DSEP emulsion shows high storage and dilution stability, with its particle size distribution and PDI of 118∼232 nm and 0.106∼0.638, respectively. Compared with DEA modified EP, DSEP exhibits better strand integrity for PI filament. The breaking strength of PI filament infiltrated by DSEP can reach 2.59 GPa, which is increased by 47.04% than that of PI filament, and is close to that of commercially available water-soluble polyimide resin (2.63 GPa). In addition, the fracture microstructure of PI filament further confirms that DSEP significantly reinforces the aggregation of PI filament. Importantly, there is no wire splitting phenomenon of DSEP reinforced PI filament after more than 200 times of friction. These benefit from the similar material groups of imide ring and benzene ring between DSEP and PI filament structure, as well as the strong hydrogen bonding interaction between them, as further confirmed by FTIR and SEM analysis.