Water Volumetric Rate Research Articles

PENGARUH JUMLAH PIPA TERHADAP LAJU PELEPASAN KALOR PADA KOLEKTOR SURYA ABSORBER BATU GRANIT

Fossil energies as un-renewable energies have been getting depletion. Therefore, the use of alternative energy should be raised. One of the alternative energies is solar energy. Solar energy does not pollute the environment and is categorized as a renewable energy which is free and plentiful. In this research, the solar energy was used to heat water by operating granite absorber solar collectors. The water was flowed naturally from a higher tank and adjusted using a valve fitted at the outlet of the collector. The volumetric rates of the water were 200, 250 and 300 cc/minutes. Two identical solar collectors with an overall dimension of 0,8 m x 1 m x 0,1 m were placed under the sun and faced to the North with an inclination angle of 15°. One collector contained 5 parallel pipes and the other comprised 7 parallel pipes. Data obtained in this research are glass cover temperatures, an ambient temperature, absorber temperatures, inlet and outlet water temperatures, and water volumetric rates. The results show that the 7 parallel pipe collector products higher outlet water temperature and energy than the 5 parallel pipe collector. Consequently, in the process of energy removal/discharge, the heat stored in the 7 parallel pipe collector runs out quicker.

Improving Biogas Quality through Circulated Water Scrubbing Method

The dependence of human being on fossil fuels has decreased significantly the conventional energy resources. To overcome this problem it is required alternative substitute fuels which are cheap and accessible which biogas is one of the fuels. Nevertheless, the use of biogas has not yet been maximized because of the low calorific value which is produced from the process without purification. The circulated water absorption method is one mean of effective biogas purification. Under this method it is expected to increase the level of methane (CH4) and to reduce both the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In order to obtain the aim, the research was carried out under variations of water and biogas volumetric flow rate. The results show that the highest quality of biogas produced was under the variation of water volumetric flow rate of 15 lt/min with biogas volumetric flow rate of 1 lt/min which increased the level of methane (CH4) from 59.36 % to 62.8 % and decreased the carbon dioxide (CO2) content from 33.53 % to 26.8 %, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from 208.33 to 86 ppm. Lower biogas and water volumetric rates allowed longer contact between biogas molecule and absorbent. This resulted in an opportunity for absorbent more active to dissolve carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in biogas. These compounds then flowed outward of the scrubbing unit along with the absorbent. The research proved that the raw biogas purification by circulated water scrubbing method was an effective mean in enhancing the quality of biogas.